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LiBkis    ClOKkg 


.  \ 


Presented  to 
J.  F.  GATES  CLARKE 

BY    THE 

ROBERT  L.  WEBSTER 

PuuuMAN.   Washington 

19  so 


AmerigAna 


PUBLISHED    BY  THE 


AT   BROOKLYN,    N.  Y. 


^^  iQ> 


VOL.  IV.-^APRIL  to  DECEMBER,   1888. 


EDITOR  : 

Rev.  Geo.  D.  Hulst, 
15  himrod  street, 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  '         . 


asst.  editor: 
Chris.  H.  Roberts, 

11  WEST  123rd  STREET, 

New  York. 


AmerigAna 


VOL  I¥. 


BROOKLYN.  ilPRIL,  1888. 


NO.  1, 


A  Preliminary  List  of  the   Myriapoda  of  Arkansas 
with  Descriptions  of  New  Species. 

By  Chaklks  H.    Boi.i.max. 

fPublished  by  permission  of  John  C,  Brannkk,  Stiite  Geologist  of  Arkansas.) 


1.  Platydesmus  Lecontei  (Wood). 

One  was  found  on  the  grounds  of  the  Deaf  Mute  AsyUim  and  others 
on  the  hills  along  the  river,  near  Little  Rock. 

2.  Julus  minutus  (Brandt). 

I  found  a  specimen  in   the  swamp   at  south  end  of  Main  Street, 
Little  Rock.      Mr.  Hutcherson  also  found  one  near  Argenta. 

3.  Spirobolus  marginatus  (Say). 
Abundant  throughout  the  state. 

4.  Parajulus  caesius  BoUman. 

Julus  ccesius  Wood,  Proc.  Phila  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  43,   1867  (Texas). 
This  species  is  not  uncommon  throughout  the  state. 

5.  Cambala  annulata  fSay). 

I  have  received  nuinerous  specimens  of  this  species,  collected  around 
Little  Rock  by  Mr.  Hutcherson. 

6.  Lysiopetalum  lactarium  (Say). 
Common  throughout  the  state. 

7.  Campodes  flavicornis  Koch. 

Campodes  Jlavicorms  Koch,  Syst.  derMyr. ,    126,    1847  (P^-)- 


Campodes fusicornis  Koch,   Syst.  der  Myr.,    127,    1847  (Pa.). 

Spirostrephon  ca'sioamiulatus  Wood,  Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc, 
194,  1865  (Alleghany  Co.,  Pa.);  Ryder,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  526, 
1880. 

Pseiidotremia  viidii  Cope,  Proc.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc. ,  180,  1869 
(Montgomery  Co.,  Va.);   Ryder,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  527,   1880. 

Cryptotrichus  desioarmulatus  Packard,  Proc.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc, 
190,   1883  (Culmana,  Ala.,   or  Ocean  Springs,  Miss. ). 

A  single  specimen  was  obtained  at  Little  Rock.  As  this  species  has 
a  number  of  synonyms,  I  have  thought  it  best  to  give  its  synonomy. 

8.  Craspedosoma  flavidum  sp.  nov. 

Yellowisli  Imovvii,  feet  and  antennce  liijhter.  Robust,  segments  not  constrict .^d, 
lateral  carinse  small  and  body  strongly  resembling  that  oi  Campodes .  Antennse  longer 
than  width  of  body.  Ojelli  12-14,  di-thict,  arranged  in  a  triangular  patch  and  in  5 
or  6  series.  Dorsal  plates  rather  smooth,  setigerous  granules  small,  seta;  rather 
large.     Male  feet  crassate,  those  of  feinale  slender. 

Length  of  body  5.8  mm.;  vviilth  .7  mm. 

Hab.  — Okolona. 

This  species  strongly  resembles  a  Campodes.  In  life  the  individuals 
are  a  dusky  yellow.      This  description   is  based  upon  a  male  and  female. 

g.  Craspedosoma  carniatum  Bollman. 

Not  common  in  the  Fourche  bottoms,  south  of  Little  Rock  ;  also 
found  on  the  grounds  of  the  Deaf  Mute  Asylum. 

10.  Leptodestnus  hispidipes  (Woodj. 
Abundant  everywhere. 

Very  common  throughout  the  State.  All  specimens  obtained  were 
young,  but  the  shells  of  many  adults  were  found. 

11.  Euryurus  evides  Bollman. 

Faradesmus  evides,  Bollman,  Ent.  Amer.,  II,  229,  1887  (Winona, 
Minn.). 

Common  over  the  State.      Specimens  agree  with  those  from  Minn. 

12.  Chaetaspis  albus  Bollman. 

Chcetaspis  albus,  Bollman,  Ent.  Amer.,  Ill,  46,  1887  (Blooming- 
ton,  Ind.). 

One  specimen  obtained  at  Little  Rock. 

13.  Polydesmus  minor  sp.  nov. 

Dark  shining  brown,  lighter  beneath.  Moderately  slender,  depressed,  slightly 
acuminate  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  smooth,  very  sparsely  pilose  (setigerous).  An- 
tennn;  equal  to  width  of  body,  subclavate.  First  dorsal  plate  wide,  angles  not  or  but 
slightly  produced  ,  not  toothed,  tubercles  not  distinct,  except  lateral.     Other  dorsal 


—3— 

plntos  witli  posterior  angles  prockiced,  especially  posteriorly  ;  lateral  margins  three 
or  four  toothed,  indistinct  posteriorly,  tubercles  distinct,  arranged  in  two  rows  of  four 
each,  anterior  border  indistinctly  div'ded  into  two,  po.-teiiorly,  the  last  row  of  tub- 
ercles project  beyond  border  of  segments.     Legs  long,  crassaie  in  male. 

Male  :  copulation  foot  very  simi  ar  to  .wrrciius  ;  ventral  plates  produced  into  a 
short,  pilose  lobe  anteiioily. 

Length  of  body  lo — 14  mm.,  \\!tl;h  1.5     1.8  mm. 

Hab.— Little  Rock. 

This  species  is  described  from  a  number  of  specimens  found  in  the 
low  lands,  south  of  Little  Rock. 

14.  Polydesmus  pinetorum,  sp.  nov. 

Very  similar  to  P.  serratus,  but  the  general  color  paler  and  sizj  smaller. 
Tuberculation  not  So  tlistinct,  sides  ot  first  segment  i  toothed,  other  distinctly  3  or 
4  ioo;hed.  La>t  row  ol  scales  on  posterior  segments  composed  of  six  or  eight  setae 
tipped  scale-,  which  project  beyond  border  of  Segments.  Veniral  plate  of  ninth  pair 
of  legs  not  produced  as  in  scrraius,  copulation  foot  vei'y  similar. 

Length  of  body  15  to  18.5  mm.;   width  2.2  to  2.8  mm. 

Hab.— LittL- Rock,   Arkadclphia,   Okolona,    Alurfree-b  j;o,  and  Ultima  Thiile. 

As  already  indicated,  this  species  is  closely  related  to  serrahis.  It  is 
principally  separated  by  its  smaller  size  and  form  of  the  ventral  of  ninth 
pair  of  legs  of  male. 

Fhis  species  may  only  represent  a  geographical  form  o{  serrahis.  It 
is  very  abundant  throughout  the  state,  and  all  those  collected  during  the 
su'umer  were  in  the  larva  stages.  I  am  indebted  lu  ]Mr.  Hutcherson  for 
adult  specimens. 

15    Fontaria  virginiensis  (Drury). 

Abundant  at  Donaldson,  common  at  Okolona. 

Specimens  from  Arkansas  are  similar  10  those  from  North  Carolina, 
but  those  from  northern  parts  of  Mississippi  valley  represent  geographical 
species. 

At  Donaldson  the  adults  were  found  crawling  on  the  surface  of  the 
ground  in  company  with  a  large  number  of  their  young,  probably  one 
adult  to  five  or  eight  hundred  young,  then  (Jul_\-  11,  1887)  about  half 
grown. 

This  species  seems  to  be  more  confined  to  river  bottoms,  and  low 
rich  woodlands. 

The  odor  of  prussic  acid  is  strongly  emitted  by  this  species  through 
a  series  of  pores  on  each  side  of  the  body. 

16.  Sphseriodesmus  pudicus  sp.  nov. 

General  color  pinkish,  especially  posteriorly,  anterior  half  of  segments  darkest, 
a  black  median  dorsal  line,  antennoe  dark,  legs  pale.  Body  widest  and  highest  an- 
teriorly, tapering  posteriorly,  smooth,  setce  absent.  Vertex  smooth,  somewhat  sul- 
cate.  AntenniE  subclavate,  about  equalling  width  of  body.  Dorsal  plates  smooth, 
tour  preceding  the  last   with  an  indistinct  row  of  obtuse  scales  ;  lateral   plates  except 


— 4— 

the  first,  antepenult  and  penult  witli  their  posterior  margin  serrate.  Anal  plate 
triangular  with  the  angles  rounded,  sparsely  pilose.  Legs  long  and  slender,  extend- 
ing beyond  sides  of  body. 

Male  :  ventral  plate  of  second  pair  of  legs  produced  into  two  short  cones  ;  coxte 
of  second  and  third  pairs  more  pilose  than  others  ;  copulation  foot  much  twisted,  end 
expanded  and  divided,  pilose. 

Length  of  body  7  mm.;  width  2  mm. 

Hab. —Little  Rock  and  Okolona. 

This  is  the  first  lime  that  any  species   of  this  genus  has  been  found 
in    the   United    States.      Il    is    easily    distinguished    from   ^S".    rnexicamis 
(Saussure),  by  having  a  few  scales  on  posterior  dorsal  plates. 
The  collection  contains  two  specimens  of  this  species. 

17.  Polyxenus  fasciculatus  Sny. 

Common  at  Little  Rock,  five  were  obtained  at   Antoine  and  one  at 
Ultima  Thule. 

18.  Pauropus  lubbockii  Packard. 

A  few  specimens  were  obtained  at  Little  Rock. 

19.  Linotaenia  bothriopa  (Wood). 

I  have  received  one  specimen  that  was  collected  near  Little  Rock  by 
Mr.  Hutcherson. 

20.  Linotaenia  robusta  (Meinert). 

Sco/io/>/i7 nes  rodus/us  Meinert,   Proc.    Amer.    Phil.  Soc,    224,    1886 
(.?N.  A.). 

Frontal  plate  present.  Fulvous,  head  and  antennae  dark.  Not  robust,  attenuated 
anteriorly  and  posteriorly  ;  moderately  smooth,  sparsely  pilose.  Prehensorial  feet 
smooth,  sparsely  pilose  ;  sternum  subcordiform,  length  and  width  subequal ;  coxae 
a  little  wider  than  long,  unarmed  ;  tooth  strong,  acute  ;  claw  small,  a  little  curved. 
Cephalic  plate  somewhat  wider  than  long,  smooth,  sparsely  pilose,  sides  strongly 
rounded,  slightly  diverging,  posterior  margin  only  covering  a  small  part  of  basal, 
plate,  basal  plate  two-thirds  as  long  as  cephalic,  twice  as  wide  as  long.  Antenna; 
moderately  short,  articles  short,   penult  and    antepenult    not    noticeably    shortened. 

Dorsal  plates  subsmooth,  anterior  prescuta  short,  median  and  posterior 
long.  Spiracles  round,  very  small.  Ventral  plates  with  an  obsolete  median  foveola, 
pores  on  posterior  margin.  First  pair  of  legs  short,  posterior  longer  than  anterior. 
Posterior  coxa;  moderately  inflated,  pores  about  12  to  18,  small,  in  three  series  ;  last 
ventral  plate  triangular,  small,  sides  moderately  converging.  Posterior  pair  of  legs 
longer  than  penult,  crassate  in  the  male,  slender  in  the  female  ;  claw  large.  Pairs  of 
legs  of  male  51—55  ;  of  female  54—59. 

Length  of  male  27  -33  mm.;  of  female  34-52  mm. 

Hab.— Little  Rock,  Okolona,  Arkadelphia  and  Ultima  Thule. 
I  refer  this  species  provisionally  to  Z.  robusta  (Meinert),  although  it 
differs  from  Meinert's  description  by  rather   unimportant  characters.      I 
have  also  seen  specimens  of  this  species  from  Tennessee. 

21.  Linotaenia  branneri  sp.  nov. 

Frontal  plate  present.  Fulvous,  head  and  antennae  dark.  Robust,  strongly  at- 
tenuated anteriorly,  less  posteriorly  ;  moderately  smooth,  sparsely  pilose.  Prehensorial 


—5— 

feet  smooth,  sparsely  pilose ;  sternum  subcordiform,  wider  than  long  (5:3);  cox?e 
wider  than  long,  unarmed  ;  tooth  strong,  acute  ;  claw  large,  curved.  Cephalic  plate 
subquadrangular,  sides  rounded,  slightly  diverging  posteriorly  ;  basal  plate  about 
half  as  long  as  cephalic,  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  scarcely  covered  by 
cephalic  plate.  Antennae  long,  joints  moderate,  penult  and  antepenult  longer 
than  wide.  Dorsal  plates  moderately  smooth ;  anterior  and  posterior  prercuta 
moderate,  median  larger.  Spiracles  round,  moderately  large.  Ventral  plates  with 
a  disinct  median  sulcus  ;  pores  on  posterior  part.  First  pair  of  legs  moderately 
short,  anterior  and  posterior  subequal.  Posterior  coxae  strongly  inflated,  pores  large 
and  small,  about  twelve.  Anal  legs  of  the  female  slender,  claw  large.  Pairs  of  legs 
of  female  43. 

Length  of  female  37  mm. 

Hab.  — Little  Rock. 

This  species  is  named  in  honor  of  Dr.  J.  C.  Branner,  State  Geo- 
logist o(  Arkansas. 

The  collection  contains  one  specimen  of  this  species.  It  is  related 
to  bothriopa,  but  is  distinguished  by  a  smaller  number  of  legs  and  its 
large  posterior  coxa  and  pores. 

22.  Geophilus  perforatus  (McNiell). 

Schendila  perforaius,  McNiell,  Proc.'  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  325,  1887 
(Pensacola,  Fla. ). 

Abundant  throughout  the  State. 

23.  Geophilus  okclonae  sp.  nov. 

Frontal  plate  absent ;  anal  pores  absent.  Fulvous,  head  and  antennae  darkest. 
Rather  slender,  very  slightly  attenuated  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  smooth,  very 
sparsely  pilose  and  punctate.  Prehensorial  feet  smooth,  punctate,  sternum  wider 
than  long  (4:3.5);  coxa  of  about  equal  length  and  width,  unarmed  ;  claw  moderately 
curved  ;  teeth  almost  obsolete.  Cephalic  plate  slightly  longer  than  wide,  suboval, 
posterior  margin  truncate,  sparsely  punctate  and  pilose  ;  prebasal  plate  expose!  ; 
basal  plate  much  wider  than  long  (5:2).  Antennae  short,  penult  and  antepenult 
joints  not  noticeably  shortened.  Dorsal  plates  distinctly  bisulcate.  Anterior  spiracle 
rather  large,  oval,  oblique,  median  and  posterior  smaller.  Ventral  plate  with  an 
indistinct  median  sulcus  ;  pores  not  manifest.  First  pair  of  legs  short,  anterior  and 
posterior  subequal.  Posterior  coxa  scarcely  inflated,  pores  absent ;  last  ventral  plate 
wide,  side  moderately  converging,  not  densely  pilose.  Anal  legs  produced,  armed, 
rather  densely  pilose  beneath,  crassate.     Pairs  of  legs  of  male  61  ;  of  female  63. 

Length  of  body  40  mm. 

Hab.  —  Okolona. 

There  are  two  adults  of  this  species  in  the  collection.  It  is  separated 
from  other  North  American  species  by  having  no  coxal  pores  and  the  pre- 
basal plate  exposed. 

24.  Geophilus  salemensis  Bollman. 

I  have  seen  one  specimen  that  was  collected  near  Little  Rock  by  Mr. 
Hutcherson. 

25.  Cryptops  hyalinus  Say. 

Cryptops  hyalina  Say,    Journ.    Phila.    Acad.    Nat.    Sci.,  Ill,    1820 


— 6— 

(E.  Florida);  Sa\',  OeuvresEnt.,  sp.  3,  1822;  Newport,  Trans.  Linn. 
Soc,  409,  1844;  Newport,  Cat.  Myr.  Brit.  Miis.  Chil.,  60,  1856; 
Wood,  Trans.  Amer.  Philos.  Soc,  168,  1865  ;  Underwood,  Ent.  Amer. , 
65,   1887. 

Cryptops  hyalimis  Koch,  Syst.  d.  Myr.,  175,  1847  ;  Gervais,  Apteres, 
IV,  293,  1847. 

}  Cryptops  mi/berti  CjitwA\s,    Apteres,  IV,  592,   1847  (New  Jersey). 
}  Crypfops  7)iilbeiiii\Nood,    Trans.  Amer.  Pliilos.  Soc.,    168.    1865  ; 
Underwood,  Ent.  Amer.,    65,  1887. 

Crjp/ops  as/enpes  Wood,  Proc.  Phil.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  129,  1867 
(Montgomery  Co.,  Virginia);  McNiell,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum.  326, 
1887  (Pensacola,  Fla. );  Underwood,  Ent.  Amer.,  65,   r887. 

Cyyp/ops  su/ca/us  Me'men,  Proc.  Amer.  Philos.  Sijc.  ,  211,  1886 
(Bee  Spring,  Ky.);  Underwood,  Ent.  Amer.,  65,   1887. 

The  study  of  a  large  series  of  specimens  of  the  genus  Cryplops  has 
convinced  me  that  all  the  species  of  Cryptops  described  from  North 
America  belong  to  a  single  species — hyalinus  Say. 

1  have  questioned  ilie  Cryptops  inilbcrti  of  Gervais,  because  the 
author  states  that  the  spines  of  the  last  pair  of  feet  are  absent.  This 
character  is  contrary  to  the  true  definition  of  Cryptops  and  I  am  inclined 
to  think  that  either  Gervais  had  an  abnormal  specimen  or  that  his  ob- 
servations were  incorrect. 

Asperipes  W.ood,  has  been  separated  from  the  other  species  by  the 
number  of  antennal  joints  (19),  which  he  assigned  to  his  species,  but  as 
the  number  of  joints  has  recently  been  found  to  be  variable  it  is  not  a 
true  character  upon  which  species  can  be  based. 

In  Ent.  Amer.,  65,  1887,  Dr.  Underwood  says  the  last  pair  of  legs 
of  5?//6w/«5  Meinert,  are  unarmed,  as  in  milberti  Gervais,  but  in  this  he 
is  mistaken,  for,  in  his  generic  description  Dr.  Meinert  states  that  the  last 
pair  of  legs  are  armed  with  a  definite  number  of  spines. 

Considering  this  state  of  characters,  I  believe  that  all  the  described 
species  should  be  united  under  C.  hyalinus.  I  have  examined  specimens 
of  this  species  from  the  following  States  :  IMaryland,  Pennsylvania, 
Indiana,  Tennessee,  North  Carolina,  Florida,  Indian  Territory,  and  Ar- 
kansas, where  it  is  very  common. 

26.  Theatops  spinicaudus  (Wood). 

Abundant  from  Little  Rock  to  Ultima  Thule. 

27.  Scolopendra  heros  Girard. 

Two  adults  were  obtained  at  Little  Rock,  several  young  at  Murfrees- 
boro  and  Muddy  Fork. 


—7— 

28.  Scolopendra  woodii  Meinert. 

A  single  specimen  was  caught  at  Donaldson. 

29.  Scolopocryptops  sexspinosus  (Say). 

Common  at  all  points  ;  these  specimens  are  of  a  darker  shade  than 
northern  or  eastern  examples. 

30.  Henicops  fulvicornis  (Meinert). 

A  single  specimen  was  obtained  at  Little  Rock  near  the  Deaf  Mute 
As\lum.  This  is  a  European  species,  and  the  only  other  recorded  North 
American  locality  is  Mount  Lebanon,  New  York. 

31.  Lithobius  branneri  Bollmaii. 

A  single  specimen  was  obtained  at  Okolona  and  another  at  Little 
Rock. 

32.  Lithobius  proridens  Bollman. 

A  few  were  obtained  at  Litde  Rock.  One  individual  is  considerably 
larger  than  any  specimen  collected  before. 

33.  Lithobius  pinguis  sp.  nov. 

Posterior  angles  of  all  the  liorsal  plates  straight.  Anal  pair  of  legs  armed  with 
two  claws.  Coxal  pores  few,  in  a  single  series.  Penultimate  pair  of  legs  armed  with 
two  claws.  CoxEe  of  the  posterior  feet  un^irmed.  Dark  chestnut  brown,  head  and 
antenna:  dark,  legs  paler.  Slender,  not  smooth,  sparsely  pilose  ;  head  wider  than 
long  {3.5:3),  polished,  not  pilose.  Antennae  short,  22- to  24-jointed,  articles  short. 
Ocelli  4  I06,  arranged  in  2  or  3  series.  Prosternal  teeth  2  -f  2.  Coxal  pores  3,3,3,2 
to  4,4,4,4,  round.  Spines  of  the  first  pair  of  legs  0,0,1  ;  penultimate  pair  1,3,2,1  to 
1,3,3,1  ;  anal  pair  1,3,2,0.     Posterior  legs  short. 

Female  :  claw  of  the  genitalia  entire,  stout  and  much  curved  ;  spines  strong, 
subequal. 

Length  of  body  9 — lo  mm. 

Hab.— Little  Rock. 

This  description  is  based  on  three  specimens.  This  is  the  smallest 
North  American  species  with  the  claw  of  the  female  genitalia  entire. 

34.  Lithobius  celer  sp.  nov. 

Posterior  angles  of  the  9,  11,  13  dorsal  plates  produced.  Anal  pair,  of  legs  armed 
with  one  claw.  Coxal  pores  few,  in  a  single  series.  Penultimate  pair  of  legs  armed 
with  two  claws.  Coxae  of  the  13,  14,  15  pairs  of  feet  laterally  armed.  Brown  of 
various  shades,  head  and  legs  more  or  less  chestnut,  antennae  dark.  Moderately 
robust,  smooth,  sparsely  pilose  ;  head  about  as  long  as  wide,  pilose.-  Antennae  rather 
long,  30-  to  34-jointed,  articles  small.  Ocelli  18  to  40,  arranged  in  4  to  7  series.  Pro- 
sternal  teeth  5  +  5  to  7  +  7.  Coxal  pores  2,3,3,2  to  5,6,6,5,  round.  Spines  ot  the 
first  pair  of  legs  1,2,1  to  2,2,1;  prenultimate  pair  1,3,3,1  to  1,3,3,2  ;  anal  pair  1,3,3,1 
to   1,3.3,2.     Posterior  legs  short. 

Male  :  tibia  of  anal  legs  somewhat  crassate,  and  furrowed  beneath  ;  but  more 
furrowed  in  the  female. 


Female  :  claw  of  the  genitalia  short,  tripartite,  middle  lobe  much   longer,   others 
subequal ;  spines  moderately  slender,  inner  shortest. 
Length  of  body  15 — 25  mm. 

Abundant  or  common  throughout  the  State. 

This  species  is  not  strongly  related  to  any  known  North  American 
locality,  it  should  be  placed  near /orjica/i/s,  which  it  seems  to  replace  in 
Arkansas. 

Dr.  Wood  has  reported /brjica/tis  from  Arkansas  and  he  ma}-  have 
had  the  species  which  I  have  described. 

35.  Lithobius  cedipes,  sp.  nov. 

Posterior  angles  of  tlie  9,  il,  13  dorsal  plates  produced.  Anal  pair  "f  l--:'^  armed 
with  tw6  claws.  Coxal  pores  few,  in  a  single  series.  Pcnultmiaie  pan-  of  li,-t;s  aimed 
with  two  claws.  Posterior  coxae  unarmed.  Brown,  head  and  antini  ac  dark,  legs 
and  ventral  plates  paler.  Robust,  not  smooth,  sparsely  pilose  ;  head  smooth,  of  about 
equal  length  and  breadth  (3.2,  3.6).  Antennae  short,  attenuate,  24-  to  26-jointed 
((^,  26,  9  24).  Ocelli  9  to  II,  arranged  in  3  or  4  series.  Prosternal  teeth  2  -f  2  or 
3-I-3.  Coxal  pores  3,5,4,3  to  6,5,5,5  round.  Spines  of  the  first  pair  of  legs  I,I,I  ; 
penultimate  pair  1,3,3,2  ;  anal  pair  1,3,3,1.     Posterior  pair  of  legs  short. 

Male  :  femur  of  the  last  pair  of  legs  somewhat  bent  inwardly  and  swollen  ;  tibia 
very  strongly  swollen,  especially  above  and  having  a  bunch  of  hairs  on  the  posterior 
third  ;  first  tarsal  joint  crassate.  Penultimate  pair  of  legs  somewhat  swollen,  prin- 
cipally the  tibia  ;  first  tarsal  joint  produced  into  a  short  lobe  on  the  inner  side. 

Female  :  posterior  pair  of  legs  scarcely  swollen  ;  claw  of  the  genitalia  entire  ; 
spines  2 — 2. 

Length  of  male  15.4  mm.:  of  female  20  mm. 

Hab.— Little  Rock. 

I  have  three  specimens  of  this  species.  This  is  the  only  known 
species  with  b.oth  the  anal  and  penultimate  pairs  of  feet  swollen  or  pro- 
duced into  lobes. 

36.  Lithobius  transmarinus  Koch. 

Abundant  at  Little  Rock,  common  at  other  localities. 

37.  Lithobius  mordax  Koch. 

Common  from  Little  Rock  to  Ultima  Thule. 

38.  Lithobius  vorax  Memert. 

Found  at  all  points  where  collections  were  made,  but  was  more 
common  at  Little  Rock. 

39.  Lithobius  multidentatus  Newport. 

In  a  vial  of  Myriapods  that  were  collected  near  Little  Rock  by  Mr. 
Hutcherson,  there  is  a  single  specimen  of  this  species. 

40.  Scutigera  forceps  (Rafinesque). 

One  adult  was  seen  at  Arkadelphia,  and  several  young  at  Little  Rock. 
Indiana  University.      March  28,    1888. 


An  Introduction  to  a  Classification  of  the  North  American 

Lepidoptera. 

By  John    I;.    Smith. 

(Continued  froni  Kn  r.  Am.,  vol.  I,  p.  87.) 

In  the  last  paper  of  this  series  the  Sphingida;  were  treated  of  and  a 
svnopsis  of  the  genera  was  given.  It  has  been  usual  to  follow  this  family 
with  the  Shm/ce,  or  /EgeriidcE  as  some  authors  prefer  to  call  them,  and, 
though  recognizing  no  close  relationship  in  any  of  its  stages,  with  the 
Sphi7igi(Le,  I  shall  yet  follow  the  general  order  here. 

The  family  Sc'siicke  is  sharply  defined,  resembling  somewhat  in  the 
imago  state  the  Hymenoptera  in  the  transparent  wings  and  banded  bright 
maculation. 

In  the  early  stages  they  resemble  the  CasfniidcP  and  Coss/Wcr  in  so 
far  that  the  larvae  are  Ejidophydcs,  hving  in  roots,  stems  or  branches  ot 
plants,  and  the  pupx  also  have  great  resemblance  to  them. 

The  antenna;  are  longer  than  half  the  length  of  primaries,  gradually 
variablv  thickened  medially,  more  slemler  apically,  the  tip  often  with  a 
brush  of  hair  ;  rarely  they  are  setaceous,  in  the  J^  usually  with  brushes 
of  hair  laterally,  more  rarely  with  lamelkt,  or  pectmations. 

Palpi  well  developed,  ascending,  joints  variably  projjortioned.  Eyes 
naked.  Ocelli  present.  Tongue  variable,  sometimes  obsolete,  often  long 
and  corneous.  Thorax  robust,  closely  scaled.  Abdomen  also  closely 
scaled,  long,  usually  slender,  rarely  somewhat  flattened,  often  tapering  to 
tip,  usually  with  an  anal  tuft,  In  the  J^  there  are  seven,  in  the  O  but 
six  abdominal  segments. 

Legs  strong,  femora  and  tibia;  densely  scaled  or  hairy — usuall}'  the 
anterior  tibia  much  shorter  than  femora— middle  tibia;  nearly  equal  to 
femora  and  hind  tibiae  much  longer  than  femora.  Median  tibia;  with 
terminal  spurs,  posterior  with  middle  and  terminal  spurs. 

Primaries  narrow,  elongate,  with  the  internal  vein  wanting  or  form- 
ing the  internal  margin — vein  5  often  wanting.  Secondaries  with  two, 
rarely  three  internal  veins,  costal  vein  wanting  or  forming  the  costal 
margin.      (See  Bull.  B'klyn  Ent.  Soc,  vol.  7,  pi.  3,  f   21.) 

In  habit  the  species  are  diurnal,  flying  about  flowers  during  the 
hottest  sunshine. 

The  European    genera  are  few   in  number,    and   are   separated  b}" 
Herrich-Schiiffer  as  follows  : 
Antennae  without  a  pencil  of  hair  at  tip  ;  tongue  short  and  weak. 

Antennae  of  q''  with  long  ciliae  beneath,  veins  2-4  qf  secondaries  separate 

Paranthrene. 
Antennae  of  (^  bipectinate,  veins  3  and  4  from  thi-  same  stem Bembecia. 


• — lO — 

Antennae  with  a  pencil  of  hair  at  tip. 

Tongue  short  and  weak  ;  antennae  of  f/  with  a  sinj^Ie  row  of  lamellae  beneath .  . . 

Trochilium. 
Tongue  long  and  strong  ;  antennae  of  q   ciliate  beneath Sesia. 

The  Sesiidce  are  contained  in  Hiibner's  classification  in  his  Phalanx 
secunda,  7)-ilius  seciiiida.      He  divides  them  as  follows  : 

Stirps  I,  Sesise.  Primaries  narrow  and  long,  secondaries  short 
and  broad,  both  with  long  fringes. 

Familia  A,  Corpulentae.  Body  rather  stout  and  the  wings  are  not 
very  small. 

Coitus  /,  Sphecia.  Collar  yellow  at  the  sides,  primaries  immaculate, 
abdomen  partly  yellow. 

Fawilia  y?,  Graciles.  Abdomen  rather  slender,  primaries  very 
narrow. 

Coitus  7,  Paraiit/ireua.  Primaries  densely  clothed  with  scales,  ab- 
domen irregularly  banded  with  }eH()w. 

Coitus  2,  Metittia.  Primaries  partly,  secondaries  entirely  transparent, 
feet  with  very  bushy  vestiture. 

Coitus  J,  Bi'iiitn'ria.  Both  wings  transparent ;  abdomen  with  a  fan 
like  tuft. 

Coitus  4,  Synanthedou .  Primaries  marked  with  red  centrall)'  and 
reddish  also  along  inner  margin. 

Coitus  5,    Conopia.      Abdomen  with  bright  red  bands. 

Stirps  2,  Apyralides.  Wings  rather  broad  and,  angulated  or 
dentate. 

Familia  A,  Vitratae.  Primaries  with  transparent  spot,  abdomen 
smooth. 

Coitus  I,  Tlivris.  Wings  with  but  a  single  row  of  transparent  spots, 
the  abdomen  white  ringed. 

Coitus  2,  Phostria.  Primaries  with  tw^o  rows  of  somewhat  opaque 
spots,  abdomen  uniform. 

Walker  still  further  subdivides  the  genera  in  the  8th  volume  of  the 
Cat.  Brit.  Mus.  Lep.  Het.,  and  finally  ]\Ir.  Henry  Edwards  has  created 
a  number  of  genera  for  our  American  species. 

As  a  rule  our  species  are  not  very  commonly  found,  and  few  col- 
lections have  the  family  very  largely  represented.  As  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards 
is  making  a  careful  study  of  the  family,  looking  to  a  monograph,  I  will 
here  give  only  brief  descriptions  of  the  genera,  premising  that  they  are 
not  based  on  any  personal  examination  of  the  insects  themselves,  and 
following  in  the  order  of  genera  that  is  adopted  in  Grote's  List  of  1882. 


Melittia  contains  usually  large  and  robust  forms,  fore  wings  generally 
opaque,  tongue  moderate  or  rather  short,  antennae  subclavate,  the  post- 
erior legs  very  densely  clothed  with  long  hair  forming  prominent  tufts  or 
brushes  nearly  to  the  end  of  the  tarsi.  The  latter  character  is  the  most 
prominent  and  is  distinctive  of  this  and,  to  a  less  extent  of  the  two  fol- 
lowing genera. 

Larunda  has  the  primaries  opaque,  secondaries  with  but  a  small 
vitreous  spot  at  base.  The  palpi  are  short,  with  a  broad  spreading  tuft  of 
hairs.  Tongue  almost  obsolete,  caudal  tuft  large,  flat,  spreading.  The 
antennae  are  moderately  pectinated  in  the  (^,  almost  simple  in  the  9- 

Euhagena  has  both  pairs  of  wings  opaque.  The  posterior  tibiae  are 
clothed  with  hair  similar  to  but  not  so  long  or  dense  as  in  JMeUttia.  An- 
tenna; twice  the  length  of  the  thorax,  very  deeply  pectinated  except  at  the 
tip  where  the  pectinations  seem  soldered  together  in  a  solid  mass.  The 
tongue  is  short  and  week. 

Alcathoc  has  a  much  less  marked  tibial  tufting,  and  is  distinguished 
in  the  (-^  by  a  caudal  appendage,  as  long  as  the  abdomen.  The  fore- 
wings  of  the  (^  are  partly  transparent,  in  the  9  ^^^7  ^^'^  opaque  as  in 
Sciapferon.  The  tongue  is  not  mentioned,  but  is  probably  short,  the 
antenna;  lamellate  beneath. 

Phemouoe  is  distinguished  by  the  anal  appendages  of  the  male,  not 
half  as  long  as  the  abdomen  and  5  in  number.  The  forewings  are  opaque. 
Nothing  is  said  of  the  tongue  or  of  the  antennce. 

Trochilium  contains  large  species  as  a  rule,  with  transparent  wings, 
obsolete  tongue,  sub-clavate  antennae  with  a  brush  of  hair  at  tip,  and 
rather  densely  clothed  legs,  not  forming  tuftings  however  as  in  some  of 
the  preceding  genera. 

Bembecia  has  short  filiform  antennae,  very  shortly  bipectinate,  no 
brush  at  tip.  The  eyes  are  small,  tongue  strong  and  corneous.  Abdomen 
with  a  broad  somew'hat  truncate  anal  tuft. 

Sciapteron  has  the  antennae  very  slightly  thickened  toward  tip,  which 
is  furnished  with  a  little  brush  of  hair ;  in  the  male  lamellate,  the  lamella; 
with  a  double  series  of  bristly  tufts.  Tongue  strong,  corneous.  The 
primaries  are  opaque  or  have  but  a  small  transparent  space  at  base. 

Fatiia  is  based  on  a  single  species — dcnudatum — in  which  the  sexes 
differ  remarkably.  In  the  male  the  primaries  are  long,  very  much 
narrowed  towards  the  base,  not  covered  with  scales.  Secondaries  very 
large,  ample,  rounded  on  anal  margin.  Legs  long  and  slender.  Antenna- 
with  very  deep  pectinations,  ceasing  before  the  tip,  which  is  a  solid  mass, 
and  bears  some  fine  bristles. — Female  less  robust.  Primaries  opaque 
except  a  space  near  the  internal  angle.  Antennae  roughened  but  not 
serrated,    much    thickened   towards  the  the  tips ;  abdomen    very   long, 


pointed  at  the  tips,  ovipositor  protruding,    compressed  on  its  lower  side 
into  a  small  groove. 

Harmonia  has  an  unusually  large  head,  with  very  long  pal[)i.  Anten- 
nae slightly  thickened  toward  the  apex,  with  a  double  row  of  very  fine 
serrations.  Abdomen  long  and  narrow,  the  four  posterior  segments  with 
lateral,  broadly-spreading,  fan-shaped  scales.  Caudal  tuft  unusually  long 
and  broad,  divided  in  the  centre  and  spreadiug.  Fore  tibix'  flattened. 
Primaries  opaque.  The  structure  of  the  tongue  is  not  mentiuncd,  nor 
whether  or  not  there  is  a  brush  of  hair  at  tip  of  antenna.-. 

Podoscsia  is  principally  distinguished  by  its  unusually  long  hind  legs. 
The  antennae  of  the  (^  with  ciliate  lamellae,  in  the  y  Tnore  slender  than 
in  Sciapteron.  The  primaries  are  opaque  save  for  a  small  transparent 
space  at  base.      The  tongue  is  strong,  corneous. 

AUmna  is  closely  allied  to  Sesia  but  differs  as  follows  :  the  head 
is  much  narrower  than  the  front  of  thiirax,  which  is  not  so  far  produced 
beyond  the  base  of  the  wings.  The  antennae  are  comparatively  shorter, 
stouter,  and  more  thickened  toward  the  li{).  Legs  proportionately  shorter, 
the  tibia?  more  densely  clothed  with  hair.  Abdomen  of  the  (^  never  con- 
stricted at  base,  stout,  cylindrical,  the  candal  tuft  small  and  not  spread- 
ing. That  of  the  Q  is  fusiform,  quite  as  broad  at  base  as  the  thorax, 
and  tapering  to  a  point.      The  genus  contains  rather  large  species. 

Saunina  has  the  tongue  almost  absoletc.  Antennre  filiform,  simple, 
rather  slender,  acuminated  at  the  tip,  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the 
thorax.  Legs  slender,  hind  tibitt  long  and  stout,  somewhat  pilose.  Wings 
narrow,  opaque. 

Sesia  contains  small  or  medium  sized  species,  with  antennte  slightly 
thickened  externally  and  with  a  brush  of  hair  at  tip  :  in  the  male  with 
lateral  brushes  of  hair  but  no  lamellae,  longer  and  more  slender  than  the 
preceding  genera.  Tongue  strong,  corneous,  anal  brush  more  or  less 
compacted,  not  spread  fan-like.  Primaries  with  two  or  three  vitreous 
spaces,  secondaries  entirely  vitreous.  The  greater  number  of  our  species 
are  referred  to  this  genus  and  in  the  European  fauna  it  contains  the 
larger  proportion  of  the  species. 

Pvrr/iofa'iiia  has  the  antennae  brush-like,  heavy,  lengthily  pilose. 
Eyes  banded,  black  and  golden.  Ocelli  large.  Head  narrow,  prominent. 
Tongue  moderate.  Primaries  narrow,  widening  terminally  at  outer  third, 
opaque. 

Carmcnfa  has  the  fore  wings  quite  opaque.  Abdomen  sessile  and 
tapering  toward  anal  extremity.  Antennae  thickened  toward  extremity 
as  in  Sesia  proper.  In  many  respects  this  genus  approaches /'<?ra;;///;-6'«e, 
but  in  that  genus,  while  the  anterior  wings  are  opague,  the  antennce  are 
simple  or  ciliate. 


—13— 

Zenodoxus  is  readily  distinguished  by  having  both  pairs  of  wings 
opaque.  The  antennae  are  moderate,  tapering  to  the  tip,  linear,  biciliate. 
Thorax  heavy,  globose,  widening  posteriorly.  Abdomen  very  short  and 
wide,  somewhat  flattened  ;  anal  tuft  short,  broad  and  squarely  cut. 

As  similar  characters  are  not  used  by  authors,  it  is  not  possible  to 
give  a  synoptic  table  of  the  genera.  I'here  are  some  slight  differences  of 
venation,  which  in  the  European  genera  are  carefully  described,  but  these  1 
have  not  mentioned,  since  our  American  genera  are  not  so  described  as 
to  allow  of  comparison. 


The  following  letter  has  been  received  from  Mr.  A.  G.  Butler  : 

Dear  Sir  : — I  think  the  following  note  may  interest  American  Lepi- 
dopterists  in  the  matter  of  Bolina  fasciolaris. 

The  fcict  that  Bolina  fasciolaris  was  the  male  of  B.  ciinearis  was 
practically  illustrated  in  the  Museum  by  a  mistake  made  by  the  late  Mr. 
F.  Walker.  One  of  the  specimens  enumerated  by  him  is  B.  cunearis 
(from  '  Hrazii  ')  it  differs  in  no  respect  from  the  other  females  separated 
under  the  latter  name  :  our  males  are  from  St.  Domingo  and  the  Ama- 
zons, our  females  from  St.  Domingo,  the  Amazons,  Venezuela,  West 
Coast  of  America  and  Veragua.  It  is  by  no  means  certain  that  a  species 
wqth  so  wide  a  range  does  not  occur  in  North  America  and  in  Grote's 
collection  there  is  a  specimen  (unfortunately  not  labelled  with  its  locality) 
of  typical  male  B.  fasciolaris. 

Assuming  that  the  latter  is  the  male  of  B.  ciinearis,   which  appears 
to  me  to  be  certain,   it  is  highly  probable  that  B.  ochreipennis  is  also  the 
male  of  i?.  nigresceiis;  our  specimens  of  the  former  are  all  males,  those  of 
the  latter  females  ;  the   differences   are  equivalent   to   those   between  B. 
fasciolaris  and  B.  cunearis. 

Yours  very  truly, 

A.   G.    Butler. 


While  picking  apples,  October  12,  1887,  I  found  a  thin  oblong 
cocoon  between  two  apples,  with  a  leaf  drawn  over  part  of  its  upper  side. 
November  i,  there  came  out  a  fine  9  Eugotiia  alniaria.  The  orchard 
consists  of  apple  and  pear  trees,  and  the  nearest  pear  tree  is  about  twenty 
feet  from  this  one.  I  am  not  aware  that  Apple  has  been  as  yet  known  as 
a  food  plant  of  this  insect.  M.   S.    Crane. 


—  14  — 

A  Disclaimer. 

Dear  Mr.  Editor  : 

In  Ent.  Amer..  vol.  3,  p.  218,  in  a  note  on  the 
American  species  of  Callimorpha,  Mr.  Lyman's  worlv  on  the  subject,  and 
my  own  are  noticed.  For  myself  I  can  but  welcome  criticism,  and  as  in 
the  very  paper  noticed  I  claim  full  liberty  to  disagree  with  everybody,  I 
certainly  do  not  dispute  the  right  of  others  to  disagree  with  me.  But 
your  reviewer  speaks  in  the  plural,  of  a  "Galileo  consciousness."  Now 
of  course  it  is  known  to  all  that  Galileo  made  a  discovery,  which  the 
conservative  and  prejudiced  intellect  of  the  period  deemed  incredible, 
and  forced  him  to  recant  It  was  Galileo  vs.  the  mob.  Now  Mr.  Ly- 
man and  myself  have  made,  or  claim  to  have  made  certain  discoveries, 
which  are  not  generally  accepted,  and  it  is  hard  that  we  should  be  placed 
in  the  position  of  the  mob,  forcing  the  enlightened  rank  and  file  to  recant 
in  spite  of  their  belter  knowledge.  I  dont  want  to  be  Galileo — but  I  do 
object  to  being  the  mob  ! 

Aggrievedly  yours, 

John  B.  Smith. 

* 
Note  by  Editor. — If  Mr.  Smith  were  one  of  the  Priests  he  would 
know  that  one  of  the  rules  of  Biblical  interpretation  is,'  that  a  parable  is 
to  be  used  to  explain  the  object  in  view,  and  is  not  to  be  forced  into 
having  a  correspondence  and  lessons  in  every  particular.  Galileo  recanted 
because  he  was  compelled  to  do  so  in  view  of  certain  '-arguments"  such 
as  the  thumb  screw  and  stake.  But  he  was  unconvinced,  and  so  ex- 
pressed himself  in  a  sort  of  a  "sub  rosa''  way.  Now  our  friends  Messrs. 
Smith  and  Lyman  have  advanced  arguments  which  force  us  to  assent, 
as  we  can  not  with  corresponding  study  and  argument  controvert  ;  and  we 
must  logically  confess  they  are  right.  Yet,  notwithstanding  my  con- 
fession, we  feel  certain  they  are  wrong.  We  are  sorry  we  have  not  the  time 
properly  to  study  up  Callimorpha,  and  either  convince  or  be  convinced. 
As  It  is,  taking  the  pattern  of  ornamentation  as  the  guide  in  the  determ- 
ination of  species,  and  this  is  their  guide,  and  taking  Mr.  Lyman's  figures 
as  representing  typical  forms,  we  can  see  no  difference  at  all  in  pattern 
between  the  first  9  figures  of  his  plate,  representing  two  of  the  species. 
And,  indeed,  there  is  practical  identity  between  figures  i  and  7,  represent- 
ing respectively  C.  Lecontei  and  C.  confusa.  But  far  be  it  from  us  to 
consider  Messrs.  Smith  and  Lyman  the  Priests  of  the  Church  (not  the 
mob)  or  ourselves  Galileo.  Note  the  comparison  was  not  even  with  the 
shake  of  Galileo's  head,  only  a  "sort  of  a  Galileo  shake,"  a  sufficiently 
modest  comparison  ! 


—  15  — 

Descriptions  of  New  Florida  CHALCIDS,  belonging 
to  the    Subfamily  Eucyrtinse. 

By  William  H.   Ashmead. 


The  following  new  Chalcids,  belonging  to  the  Subfamily  Eiicyrtnue, 
were  recently  discovered  by  me,  in  arranging  my  collection. 

APHYCUS,  Mayr. 

1.  Aphycus  niger,  n.  sp. 

rj.  Length  .03  inch.  Opaque  black,  finely  pubescent  ;  mandibles  and  palpi, 
brown.  The  antennae  is  hardly  as  long  as  the  thorax  ;  scape  brown  ;  flagcllum 
brown-black,  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  scape,  rather  densely  pubescent,  the  joints 
being  wider  than  long.  Thorax  microscopically  rugulose  ;  tegulae  honey-yellow. 
Abdomen  very  short,  black,  with  bluish  reflections  in  certain  lights.  Legs  fuscous, 
trochanters  and  knees,  hon.y-yellow  ;  tarsi  pale,  almost  white.  Wings  hyaline,  iri- 
descent, veins  brown. 

Described  from  one  specimen. 

2.  Aphycus  chrysopse,  n.  sp. 

9.  Length  .c8  inch.  Yellow-ferruginous.  Eyes  large,  oval,  black.  Each 
ocellus  is  surrounded  by  a  black  ring.  The  space  between  the  eyes  is  very  narrow 
and  very  finely  punctate.  The  thorax  is  smooth  anij  there  is  a  dusky  streak  across 
the  collar  and  on  the  fore  part  of  the  mesoscutum.  Legs  yellowish-white.  Wings 
hyaline,  pubescent,  the  pubescence  short  ;  veins  pale  brown,  the  stigmatal  vein  long, 
stout. 

Described  from  one  specimen  reared  from  a  Chrysopa  cocoon. 

3.  Aphycus  unicolor,  n.  sp. 

9.  Length  .04  inch.  A  short,  very  robust  form,  its  breadth  being  nearly  equal 
to  its  length.  The  head,  thorax  and  the  legs  are  of  a  uniform  reddish-brown  ;  eyes 
dark  brown  ;  palpi  black.  The  head  is  very  large,  broad,  with  some  coarse  punct- 
ures. The  scape  of  antennae  is  dilated  towards  ipex,  it  with  the  pedicel  and  the 
first  three  funiclar  joints  concolorous  with  the  body,  the  4th,  5th  and  6th  funiclar 
joints  white,  club  black.  The  long  tibial  spur  of  middle  legs  is  dusky  at  apex,  while 
the  tarsal  joints  are  much  dilated  as  in  certain  Eupelmids.  Wings  hyaline. 
Described  from  one  specimen. 

EUCYRTUS,  Dalman. 

4.  Eucyrtus  pyralidis,  n.  sp. 

9 .  Length  .03  inch.  This  pretty  little  species  varies  from  a  black  to  a  blue 
black,  with  a  metallic  greenish  lustre  on  the  thorax  and  lower  part  of  face.  The  scape 
of  antennae  is  brown  or  black,  except  at  tip,  the  first  lour  funiclar  joints  are  white, 
while  the  pedicel,  the  two  last  funiclar  joints  and  the  club  are  ferruginous.  Legs, 
excepting  trochanters,  knees  and  tips  of  tibiae  which  are  white,  vary  from  a  black  to 
a  ferruginous  color.  Wings  hyaline,  veins  pale,  the  marginal  vein  punctiform,  stigmal 
vein  very  delicate,  short. 

Described  from  four  specimens  reared  from  Peach  pyralid. 


— 16— 

LEPTOMASTIX,   Forster. 

5.  Leptomastix  tineaevora,  n.  sp. . 

O.  Length  .07  inch.  The  head,  fore  part  of  collar  and  the  mesopleura,  steel 
blue  ;  thorax  and  abdomen  brown  ;  eyes  dark  brown.  Antennae  very  long,  slender, 
the  pedicel  extendmg  considerably  beyond  the  ocelli,  it  and  the  pedicel  yellow,  the 
flagellum  brown,  the  joints  of  which  are  very  long.  The  legs  are  pale  brown,  ex- 
cepting the  basal  one-third  of  the  tibiae,  and  the  tarsi,  which  are  white.  Wings 
hyaline,  pubescent,  veins  brown  ;  the  marginal  vein  nearly  twice  the  length  or  the 
stigma  and  enclosed  in  a  large  dusky  blotch  which  extends  nearly  across  the  wing. 
Described  from  one  specimen,  reared  from  a  Tineid  larva. 
PRIONOMASTIX,  Mayr. 

6.  Prionomastix  americana,  n.  sp. 

(J'.  Length  .07  inch.  Head  brownish-yellow  ;  thorax  and  abdomen  fuscous, 
sparsely  pubescent.  The  space  between  the  eyes  wide,  finely  punctate  ;  eyes  and 
antennse,  excepting  scape,  dark  brown  ;  the  scape  rather  short,  slender  ,  pedicel 
very  small ;  flagellar  joints  long,  much  flattened,  and  of  nearly  equal  length,  about 
two-thirds  as  long  as  the  scape.  Scutellum  large,  highly  convex  and  finely  grooved. 
Metathorax  short,  smooth.  Abdomen  small,  sessile  ovate,  depressed  above.  Legs 
fuscous,  excepting  the  tibiie  at  base,  first  four  tarsal  joints,  and  the  large  middle 
tibial  spur,  all  of  which  are  white.  Wings  hyaline. 
Described  from  one  specimen. 

PSILOPHRYS,  Mayr. 

7.  Psilophrys  armatus,  n.  sp. 

Q,  Q .  Length  .05  inch.  ;^)ark  l)lue  with  greenish  metallic  reflections  on  the 
thorax  and  the  upper  part  of  the  head.  The  antenna  in  the  ^  is  very  slender  and 
entu-ely  brown-black,  excepting  a  pale  pedicel ;  in  the  (j"  the  :,cape  is  brownish-yel- 
low, the  joints  of  the  flagellum  very  long  and  covered  with  long  hairs.  The  meso- 
pleura in  the  female  are  steel-blue,  in  the  male  bronzy-green.  The  legs  are  pale 
yellowish  ;  the  coxa;  metallic  blue  or  green  ;  the  femora  and  tibire,  excepting  at  their 
tips  and  the  terminal  tarsal  joint,  brown.  In  the  ^f ,  the  middle  tibite  are  entirely 
pale  yellow.  The  abdomen  in  the  9  ends  in  an  ovipositor  half  its  length.  Wings 
hyaline,  veins  brown,  the  marginal  vein  hardly  as  long  as  the  stigmal  vein. 
Described  from  29$  ^^^  ^  (^(T  specimens. 

8.  (?)  Psilophrys  pulchripennis,  n.  sp. 

O .  Length  .07  inch.  Metallic  blue  green  and  cupreous.  The  head  very  large, 
the  eyes  abnormally  large,  occupying  the  greater  part  of  the  head,  and  leaving  but  a 
very  narrow -frontal  space.  The  scape  of  the  antennae  is  pale  brown,  the  flagellum 
black  and  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  scape,  subclavate,  the  joints  being  slightly 
longer  than  thick.  The  scutellum  is  cupreous.  Abdomen  blue.  The  legs  are  black 
or  brown,  the  trochanters,  knees,  tips  of  tibiae  and  tarsi,  excepting  the  terminal  joint, 
pale  or  yellowish  white.  Wings  fuliginous,  excepting  a  clear  space  at  base,  .two  large  , 
wedge-shaped  spots  in  middle  of  the  wing  extending  to  fore  margin,  a  smaller  wedge- 
shaped  spot  extending  to  hind  margin,  and  the  extreme  apical  margin  of  wing,  all  of 
which  are  white. 

Described  from  four  specimens.  This  most  beautiful  Eucyrtid  cer- 
tainly does  not  belong  to  this  genus  ;  it  is  placed  here  only  temporarily 
on  account  of  its  long  face  ;  in  some  other  respects  it  more  closely  re- 
sembles the  Lifenus  Blaslothn'x. 


—17— 

COMYS,  Forster. 
g.  Comys  cyanea,  n.  sp. 

§ .  Leiv^th  .04  inch.  Dark  blue,  the  thorax  and  abdomen  with  a  metallic  luster 
in  certain  lights.  The  antenna  is  variegated  with  red,  yellow  and  brown.  On  the 
scutellum  towards  the  tip,  are  two  erect  clumps  of  black  hairs.  Legs  blue,  all  the 
tibiie  annulated  with  white  at  base  and  tips,  tarsi  pale  yellowish-white.  Wings 
hyaline,  the  marginal  vein  rather  thick,  and  a  little  longer  than  the  delicate  stigmal  vein. 
MIRA,   Schellenberg. 

10.  Mira  longipennis,  n.  sp. 

^K  Len-th  .06  inch.  Robust,  dark  blue  ;  abdomen  black.  The  head  is  very 
thick,  stout,  transverse,  broader  than  the  thorax  ;  cheeks  red  ;  face  deeply  emargin- 
ated  for  the  reception  of  the  antennte.  The  antennte  as  in  genus  Cerapteroceriis, 
broadly  dilated,  jeneous-black,  the  flagellum  joined  to  the  scape  before  the  tip,  the 
scape  in  consequence  projecting  as  a  sharp  point  off  to  one  side.  The  anterior  and 
middle  legs  are  brown,  thighs  and  tibiae,  black,  tarsi  brown.  Wings,  except  a  narrow 
hyaline  streak  at  tips,  entirely  smoky-black. 

Described  from  one  specimen.     This  is  the  first  species  in  this  genus 
to  be  described   from   our  fauna  ;  there  is    but    a    single    other   species 
known — Mini  macrocera,  Schell.,  peculiar  to  Europe. 
PHiENODISCUS,  Forster. 

11.  Phaenodiscus  armatus,  n.  sp. 

O.  Length  .08  inch.  A  rather  slender  form.  Head  blue,  the  lower  part  of  face 
and  surrounding  mouth  parts,  antennal  scape,  mesothorax,  pleura,  sternum,  legs, 
coxte,  and  venter,  brownish  yellow.  The  flagellum,  the  scutellum,  the  upper  part 
of  abdomen,  the  upper  surface  of  posterior  femora,  and  the  apical  two-thirds  of 
posterior  tibite  brown.  The  first  funicle  joint  is  a  little  longer  than  the  pedicel,  about 
three  times  at  long  as  thick,  the  other  joints  becoming  gradually  shorter,  but  widened 
out  toward  the  club,  the  latter  stout,  3-jointed,  obliquely  truncate  at  apex.  The  ab- 
domen is  compressed  and  ends  in  an  ovipositor  more  than  half  its  length.  The  wings 
are  hyaline,  with  a  dusky  blotch  across  the  center,  veins  brown,  the  marginal  vein 
about  twice  as  long  as  the  stigmal  vein. 
Described  from  one  specimen. 

DINOCARSIS,  Forster. 

12.  Dinocarsis  pulcher,  n.  sp. 

9.  Length  .05  inch.  Head  and  thorax  red,  finely  pubescent  ;  abdomen  black  ; 
legs  pale  yellowish,  immaculate.  Eyes  dark  brown.  The  antennns  are  black,  except- 
ing a  white  annulus  at  the  apex  of  the  abnormally  broadly  dilated  scape  and  the 
white  club.  Wings  hyaline,  veins  brown,  the  marginal  vein  about  as  long  as  the 
stigmal  vein,  postmarginal,  shorter. 

Described  from  one  specimen. 

CHOREIA,  Westwood. 

13.  Choreia  flavicincta,  n.  sp. 

Q .  Length  .08  inch.  Head  brown  ;  thorax  and  a  band  across  the  abdomen  at 
base,  brownish-yellow.  The  scutellum,  metathorax,  pleura  and  posterior  legs,  fus- 
cous. Abdomen  greenish-blue.  Eyes  large,  black,  the  space  between  them  broad 
and  sparsely  punctate.  The  antennoe  are  slender,  subclavate  and  not  long.  Wings 
rudimentary. 

Described  from  one  specimen. 


-i8- 


Thoroughness  in  Entomological  Tables. 
By  T.    L.   Casey. 


Analysis  should  invariably  precede  synthesis  and  generalization.  Ap- 
plying this  truism  to  the  science  of  Entomology,  we  readily  perceive  that 
.  it  may  be  considered  from  two  points  of  view — the  purely  scientific  and 
the  practical.  Concerning  the  former  it  is  intended  to  refer  to  the 
necessity  for  a  minute  knowledge  of  all  the  parts  before  the  whole,  or  the 
mutual  relationship  of  the  different  parts  of  the  whole,  can  be  properly 
understood.  Regarding  the  latter,  or  the  practical  application  of  the 
principle,  it  is  desirable  to  indicate  the  great  inconvenience  and  loss  of 
time  infiicted  upon  our  students  by  the  present  method  of  simplification 
or  synthesis  as  exhibited  in  tabular  statements  of  genera  and  species. 

In  order  to  illustrate  our  meaning  more  clearly  it  is  only  just  to  cite 
some  one  of  the  multitude  of  examples  continually  occuring.  In  this  il- 
lustration it  is  necessary  to  refer  to  our  only  work  on  a  systematic  arrange- 
ment of  the  North  American  genera  of  Coleoptera,  a  work  the  inestimable 
value  of  which  it  is  not  intended  in  the  least  to  overlook  or  underestimate; 
in  other  words  it  is  not  meant  in  the  spirit  of  captious  criticism,  but 
simply  as  a  random  example  of  the  practical  efitbrts  of  this  so-called 
simplification. 

Let  us  asume  that  the  student  holds  in  his  hands  a  s{)ecimen  of 
Badisfcr,  which  is  entirely  unknown  to  him  and  the  generic  identification 
of  which  he  is  desirous  of  obtaining.  The  tables  given  in  this  work  carry 
him  easily  to  the  second  part  of  the  scheme  given  on  page  21,  or  to  those 
genera  without  elytral  fold.  Here  he  is  at  once  met  by  a  difficulty.  The 
first  character  to  be  consulted  is  that  of  the  front,  whether  short  or  nor- 
mal, which  being  of  no  positive  value  unless  he  is  familiar  with  the  entire 
series,  we  will  not  consider,  but  pass  to  the  next  character  which  is  that 
of  labral  structure.  If  this  organ  is  impressed  the  insect  is  to  be  referred 
to  the  Licinini,  if  not,  he  should  naturally  search  further.  Examining  the 
laljrum  of  Bac/is/cr  it  is  found  to  be  deeply  and  narrowlv  emarginate  or 
cleft  to  the  very  base,  leaving  no  space  whatever  for  an  impression,  he 
therefore  continues  his  quest  for  applicable  characters,  and  it  is  only  after 
reading  the  lengthy  diagnoses  of  many  other  groups,  that  he  arrives  at  the 
conclusion  from  purely  negative  evidence  that  his  species  must  be  included 
in  the  Z/'cih/m.  If  there  had  been  less  simplicity  and  concentration  fol- 
lowed in  the  scheme,  and  if  the  group  Badisferini  had  been  there  correct- 
ly indicated,  it  is  true  that  the  tables  would  have  been  longer  and  more 
complex,  but  much  valuable  time  and  vexation  of  spirit  would  have  been 


—  19- 

saved.  In  fact  the  selection  of  the  labrum  for  the  characterization  of  the 
Liciniiii,  if  this  group  is  to  be  constituted  as  thus  stated,  is  pecuHarly  un- 
fortunate, because  there  are  no  two  American  genera  in  which  it  is  at  all 
similar,  and  the  character  given  in  the  table  will  apply  only  to  Dicwlus. 
In  Diplochila  the  anterior  margin  is  more,  deeply  emarginate  than  in 
Diccelus,  but  there  is  scarcely  any  trace  whatever  of  impression.  In  both 
these  genera  the  labrum  is  large  and  conspicuous,  while  in  Badisfrr  it  is 
very  small,  and,  as  before  remarked,  deeply  cleft  to  base  without  trace  of 
impression. 

The  difficulty  in  recognizing  groups  applies  also  to  the  subdivisions 
of  genera,  especially  where  such  dissimilar  elements  are  united  as  in  the 
case  of  J^/h7(fnie,  P/alhnis  and  Anchiis,  or  Dichirus,  Anisodactylus  and 
Afiisu/arsus  and  many  others.  Descending  to  species  the  same  im- 
barrassing  doubts  and  delays  are  engendered  in  seeking  identification  from 
tables  wherein  distinct  but  closely  allied  species  are  included  under  a 
single  name,  without  indication  of  the  known  characters  of  the  various 
elements  which  have  been  combined  ;  such  for  instance  as  in  tlie  cxicnsi- 
co///'s  group  o( P/a/yf/7is,  ihe  m/i'dus  group  of  Pterostichus,  the  sericeiis 
group  of  Chlcenius,  or  the  amalgamation  of  two  such  valid  species  as 
Promccognaihus  kevissimus  and  crassus. 

We  may  conclude  therefore  with  the  hope  that  in  our  future  tables 
the  subdivisions  of  groups,  genera  and  species  will  be  more  clearly  indi- 
cated, at  the  expense  perhaps  of  a  little  more  time,  ink  and  space,  but  to 
the  greater  satisfaction  of  our  entomological  students,  and  ultimately  to 
the  advance  of  our  chosen  science  by  enlisting  the  enthusiasm  of  those 
who  find,  after  consulting  them,  that  their  conceptions  are  clear  and  the 
result  of  their  investigation  a  positive  advance  in  their  knowledge  of  the 
subject,  and  not  shrouded  in  doubt  and  obscurity  as  is  too  often  the  case 
at  present.  Call  these  subdivisions  what  we  may,  subgroups,  subgenera 
and  subspecies,  varieties  or  races,  they  should  in  every  instance  be  clearly 
outlined  as  far  as  known. 

The  motive  of  the  synthesists  is  undoubtedly  a  philanthropic  desire 
to  simplify  a  nomenclature  which  is  becoming  involved,  and  which  from 
the  very  conditions  of  the  case  must  always  be  complicated  if  we  are  to 
follow  Nature  along  her  chosen  lines  of  development.  We  cannot  force 
her  to  be  simple,  and  when  we  try  to  do  so  we  make  the  matter  much 
more  obscure  by  covering  up  and  suppressing  the  difficulties  ;  in  short  we 
retrograde  from  an  essentially  necessary  though  scientific  and  therefore 
manageable  complexity  toward  a  non-scientific  and  unwarrantable  am- 
biguity. 


20 

Society  News. 

Entomological  Society  of  Washington,  January  5,  1888,  at  the  residence 
of  Prof.  Riley.  The  reports  of  officers  were  read  and  submitted.  The  loUowinir 
officers  were  elected  for  1888  :  President,  Mr.  E.  A.  Schwarz ;  1st  Vice-Pres.,  Prof. 
C.  V.  Riley  ;  2nd  Vice-Pres.,  Dr.  Geo.  Marx  ;  Rec.  Secretary,  Mr.  John  B.  Smith  ; 
Corr.  Secretary,  Mr.  O.  Lugger ;  Treasurer,  Mr.  B.  Maan  ;  Members  of  Executive 
Committee,  Mr.  L.  O.  Howard,  Mr.  Theo.  Pergande,  and  Dr.  W.  H.  Fox. 

The  retiring  President,  Mr.  L  O.  Howard,  read  his  annual  address  entitled  "a 
preliminary  study  of  the  parasites  of  Cosmopolitan  Insects."  This  paper  was  dis- 
cussed and  commented  on  by  Prof.  Riley  and  Messrs.  Smith  and  S:hwarz.   . 


February  2,  1888,  at  the  residence  of  Dr.  Fox.  Dr.  Fox  read  some  remarks  on 
the  arachnid  genus  Dolomedes,  giving  the  generic  characters  and  notes  on  some  of 
the  species.  Thi5  paper  was  discussed  by  Messrs.  Smith,  Howard  and  Schwarz.  In 
response  to  questions  Dr.  Fox  stated  the  geographical  distribution  of  the  species. 
Mr.  Howard  asked  whether  a  well  defined  European  genus,  represented  in  America 
by  species  difiering  in  some  one  particular  might  be  enlarged  to  include  these  species. 
Mr.  Schwarz  said  it  might,  and  cited  the  various  groups  oi' PUrostichus  as  examples. 
Mr.  Smith  answered  by  stating  that  111  Europe  Perigrapha  had  pectinated  antennae 
in  the  5.  In  America  there  were  simple  in  that  sex— the  definition  of  the  genus  was 
enlarged  to  meet  this  case.  Mr.  Heidemann  remarked  on  the  Hemiptera  collected 
by  Mr.  Schwarz  in  Dade  Co.,  Florida,  in  the  Spring  of  1887.  There  appeared  to  be 
about  95  species  and  all  belonged  to  the  West  Indian  fauna.  All  except  a  few  obscure 
species  were  described  from  that  faunal  region.  Mr.  Smith  referring  to  this  paper 
said  he  did  not  consider  this  fauna  a  part  of  the  temparate  American  fauna  and  would 
not  inchide  it  in  our  lists.  It  belongs  to  the  West  Indian  and  Central  American  fauna 
and  not  to  that  of  North  America  as  understood  in  our  lists.  Mr.  Schwarz  says  this 
fauna  extends  much  further  North  than  is  usually  believed,  and  st  ites  that  all  the 
Coleoptera  collected  by  him  belong  to  the  West  Indian  fauna.  Mr.  Smith  says  the 
same  holds  true  of  the  Lepidoptera  so  far  as  determined. 

Mr.  Howard  mentioned  that  he  had  received  the  variety  of  the  chinch  bug,  col- 
lected by  Mr.  Schwarz,  with  short  pointed  wing  covers,  from  other  sources  and  now 
believes  that  this  is  sea  coast  form. 

Mr.  Schwaiz  exhibited  specimens  of  an  undescribed  Xylehorits,  allied  io  pyri, 
and  of  its  galleries  which  he  found  in  South-eastern  Florida  within  the  branches  of 
the  Cocoa  Plum  {Chrysobalamis  icaco).  These  galleries  represent  a  form  hitherto  un- 
known in  any  of  the  described  North  American  Scolytids  and  resemble  somewhat 
those  oi  the  European  X.  saxesini.  From  the  entrance  hole  the  gallery  runs  for  some 
distance  straight  into  the  wood  ;  then  follows  a  rather  abrupt  elbow  whereupon  the 
gallery  is  gradually  enlarged  into  a  capacious  but  shallow  chamber  which  reaches 
to  the  core  of  the  branch.  At  the  inner  lower  corner  of  this  chamber  is  another, 
smaller  and  elongate  chamber  entirely  w  ithin  the  core.  On  the  bottom  of  this  last 
chamber,  a  number  of  eggs  and  young  larvae  were  found,  all  in  a  heap  ;  while  in  the 
larger  chamber  there  was  a  pair  of  the  beetles.  The  two  sexes  of  this  new  species 
differ  in  a  remarkable  degree.  Referring  to  Xylebortis  pyri  Mr.  Schwarz  pointed  out 
that  Mr.  Peck's  account  of  the  galleries,  published  in  1817  contains  a  number  of  the 
most  glaring  errors  ;  but  in  spite  of  this,  it  has  been  copied  and  quoted  up  to  the 
present  time  by  all  subsequent  writers  on  this  Xyleborus. 


Brooklyn,   N.  Y.,  April   i,    1888. 

To  THE  Subscribers  to  Ento.   Am.  : 

The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  has  for  a  long  time  recognised 
the  inconvenience  of  having  the  volumes  of  Ento.  Am.  begin  with  April 
instead  of  January  each  year.  And  all  students  are  aware  of  the  difficulty 
of  referring  to  a  work  whose  vols,  do  not  correspond  with  the  year.  At 
the  meeting  of  the  Society  in  March  it  was  resolved  to  change  the  volume, 
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0W^^ 


VOL.  IV. 


BROOKLYN,  MSY.  1888. 


NO.  2. 


Preliminary  Survey  of  the  CICADiEA  of  the  United  States. 

By  p.    R.   Uhlek. 


In  bringing  together  materials  for  a  list  of  the  Homoptera  of  North 
America  it  has  become  necessary  to  refer  the  species  hitherto  placeil  in 
the  old  genus  C/an/a  to  the  genera  lately  defined  by  the  labors  of  Dr. 
Stal,  Mr.  Distant,  and  others.  These  species  are  comparatively  numerous 
and  together  form  a  fine  assemblage,  including  representatives  of  groups 
which  occur  in  the  neotropical,  nearctic,  and  patearctic  regions. 

Tettigia,  represented  thus  far  in  North  America  by  only  a  single 
species,  is  an  old  world  type  which  here  is  closely  confined  to  the  great 
coastal  plain  that  stretches  along  the  continent  Irom  the  vicinity  of  New 
York  city  to  Southern  Texas.  This  neat  species,  first  described  by  Say 
from  Eastern  Pennsylvania  and  New  Jersey,  spreads  throughout  the  whole 
length  of  the  Atlantic  border,  and  passing  along  the  Gulf  coast  across 
Texas  enters  the  province  of  Tamaulipas,  Mexico.  It  thus  passes  through 
several  climatal  areas,  in  all  of  which  it  preserves  much  the  same  size, 
proportions,  and  pattern  of  marking. 

The  genus  Fidicina,  distinguished  by  the  large  and  strong  neo- 
tropical species,  such  as /^.  Wf//"/;///'*'/'*?,  L. ,  fails  to  appear  within  the 
limits  of  the  United  States,  but  in  its  stead  are  found  several  large  and 
vigorous  forms  of  the  true  genus  Cicada,  of  which  the  most  conspicuous 
example  is  the  beautiful  C.  dorsa/a,  Say.  A  multitude  of  smaller  forms. 
many  of  which  are  built  after  a  pattern  similar  to  that  of  the  Thirteen-year 
Cicada,  find  a  home  in  most  par-ts  of  the  country  extending  from  Southern 
Canada  west  to  the  Pacific  coast,  and  thence  to  Lower  California.      This 


part  of  the  assemblage  bears  some  resemblance  to  the  prevailing  t^'pe  of 
European  Striditlantia,  and  suggests  the  possibility  that  some  of  the  forms 
of  Tihicina,  Cicadrata,  and  Cicadetta  may  hereafter  prove  to  be  climatal 
modifications  of  of  species  common  to  both  continents. 

The  species  of  Europe  are  much  more  numerous  than  those  of  the 
United  States,  but  the  former  continent  lacks  the  massive  and  strong 
forms  which  are  common  to  our  country  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains. 

Our  forms  with  the  smaller  drums  and  opercula  are  more  feeble  and 
sluggish  than  those  with  the  larger  sonorous  apparatus,  and  while  abun- 
dant along  and  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  belt,  cross  to  to  the  eastern  side 
of  the  continent  by  way  of  the  elevated  plateau  region  north  of  the  Ohio 
river. 

A  new  genus  Platypedia  occurs  in  the  Canons  of  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains in  Colorado,  and  again  in  different  localities  in  the  high  lands  of 
Montana,  Nevada,  California,  and  Oregon. 

Below,  we  otTer  a  list  of  the  recognized  species  of  the  United  States, 
with  some  references  to  the  localities  in  which  they  have  been  found. 

Family  CICADiEA,   Fieb. 

Tettigia,  Amyot  &  Serv. 

T.  hieroglyphica,  Say,  [Cicada).     Jour.  Acad.  Phila.,  1830,  vol.  VI, 
P-  235- 

Cicada  characteria.  Germ.     Thon.  Entom.  Archiv. ,    1830,   vol. 

II,   p.  4. 

Cicada Joha7iti is,  W'sXk.    Brit.  Mus.  List  Hom.,   v.  I,  p.  149,87. 

Cicada  scx-giii/aia,  Walk.  "  "  v.  I,  p.  154,  93- 

Inhabits  the  coast  lands  of  Eastern   North   America  from   Northern 

New  Jersey  to  Southern  Florida,  from  thence  it  spreads  along  the  coast 

of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico   across   Alabama,    Mississippi,    Louisiana,  and 

Texas  into  the  province  of  Tamaulipas,  Mexico. 

Carineta,  Amyot  &  Serv. 

C.  parvii/a,  Say.     Jour.  Acad.  Phila.,    1825,   vol.  4,   p.  S3Z'  5- 

Cicada  pallescens.  Germ.     Thon.  Entom.  Archiv.    1830,   v.  II, 
p.  8,    93. 
This  neat  little  insect  is  of  a  pale  green  color  when  alive,   sometimes 
marked  with  fuscous,  but  speedily  becomes  straw  yellow  after  desiccation 
and  exposure  to  the  air. 

It  inhabits  the  plateau-lands  of  Georgia,  Tennessee,  Louisiana,  Ar- 


—23  — 

kansas,  Illinois,  Kansas  and  Texas  ;   but  it  has  not  thus  far  been  reported 
from  the  coastal  plain  of  any  of  the  States  in  which  it  has  been  found. 

Platypedia,  new  genus. 
Elongate,  acutely  tapering  posteriorly,  with  a  sub-carinate  ridge  on  the  tergiim, 
extending  from  near  the  base  to  beyond  the  middle  ;  wing-covers  when  at  rest  almost 
vertical.  Head  bluntly  triangular,  hirsute,  the  vertex  gently  sloping,  almost  as  long 
as  the  proiiotum,  with  the  transverse  sulcus  deep  and  direct,  not  triangularly  parted; 
the  anterior  ocellus  placed  m  a  longitudinal  groove,  which  latter  is  continued  upon 
the  turmid  front ;  tront  quite  prominent,  strongly  convex  ;  exterior  cheeks  long  and 
narrow  ;  supra-antennal  plates  narrow,  thick,  bounded  each  side  by  a  notch.  I'ro- 
notum  short,  moderately  hirsute,  with  the  dorsal  surface  feelily  convex,  not  cor- 
rugated, but  with  two  oblique  grooves  each  side,  the  lateral  margins  almost  straight, 
with  the  anterior  angles  feebly  reflexed,  and  the  posterior  angles  narrowly,  but  ap- 
rupdy  turned  up  ;  epipleural  flaps  as  long  as  the  pronotum,  broadly  crescentiform. 
but  a  little  triangularly  produced  obliquely  backwards  and  downwards.  Anterior 
temora  short  and  stout,  swollen  in  the  middle,  grooved  on  the  outside  near  the  tip. 
Wing-covers  wide,  strongly  bowed  on  the  costal  margin,  the  areoles  large  and  mostly 
wide,  basal  areole  oblong,  the  radical  areole  occupying  more  than  one-half  the  length 
of  tlie  wing-cover,  the  second  ulnar  areole  short,  wide,  almost  triangular  ;  the  apical 
areoles  narrow,  and  the  third,  fourth,  and  sixth  of  equal  length,  with  their  inner  tip 
triangular,  while  the  inner  end  of  the  second,  fifth,  and  seventh  is  truncated  ;  wings 
narrow,  not  reaching  as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  discoidal  areole  of  the  hemelytra,  with 
the  anal-flaps  broadly  rounded,  and  separated  by  a  deep  emargination  from  the  other 
member  of  the  wing.  Anal  segment  of  both  sexes  narrow  and  compressed,  acutely 
tapering,  with  the  ovipositor  of  the  female  almost  enclosed  therein.  Sonorous  valves 
of  the  male  rudimentary,  inconspicuous. 

1.  P.  areolatd,  Uhler,  {Cicada).     Proc.  Acad.  Phila.,  i86[,    p.  285. 
The  roughness  and  granulation  of  the  surface  of  pronotum,  besides 

the  broader  proportions  of  the  thora.x,   as  well  as  the  almost   absence  oi 
markings  will  serve  to  separate  this  species  from  the  following. 

It  has  been  captured  in  Utah,  San  Mateo,  Cal.,  Nevada,  and  Wasii- 
ington  Territory. 

2.  P.  putnami,  Uhler,  {Cicada).    Ha\den,  Bull.  (ieol.  Surv.  Territ., 

1877,   vol.  II,    p.  455.  3- 

This  species  is  generally  t)f  a  bright  sleel-blue  color,  distinctly  marked 
with  brilliant  orange. 

It  has  been  taken  at  Ogden,  Utah,  in  Clear  Creek  Canon,  Col,  and 
in  several  parts  of  the  mountainous  region  of  Nevada. 


Callida  purpurea,  Sax. 
By  Ottomar  Diet/.. 
On  an  Entomological  E.xpedition    last    Summer,    in    which  Mr.    (j. 
Beyer  and  others  participated,  I  was  fortunate  enough  to  take  the  above 


—24— 

named  beautiful  Caiib.  It  was  found  July  3rd,  at  Greenwood  Lake,  N.  J., 
in  a  little  swampy  meadow.  It  was  found  slowly  crawling  on  flowers 
{Berberidw)  which  were  scattered  in  profusion  over  the  ground. 

In  the  face  of  the  intense  heat  I  made  a  complete  examination  of  the 
surroundings  with  the  sweeping  net  and  had  the  satisfaction  of  obtaining 
8  perfect  specimens  all  of  which,  in  spite  of  the  name  purpurea,  were  of  a 
very  bright  green  color. 

About  4  weeks  later  I\Ir.  Bever  at  the  same  place  took  without  any 
difficuhv  in  search,  a  large  numf.er  of  this  same  beetle  on  Blackberry 
bushes. 

The  Excursion  spoken  of  above  and  which  lasted  3  days  was,  I  am 
glad  to  sav,  a  verv  successful  one,  not  only  in  the  quantity  of  material 
taken,  but  also  in  the  numbers  of  specimens,  especially  Cerambycidce, 
BtiprcstkhT,  Chrvsoineluhe  and  Curculiofiidi.e. 

Among  other  things  I  took  a  specimen  of  Crypiorynchiis  Lapaihi, 
Linn.,  showing  that  this  sjvjcies  is  prdbably  already  quite  widely  dis- 
tributed. 


Description  of  Mature  Larva  of  Gnophaela 

vermiculata,  G.  (jf  R. 

By  David   Bruce. 


Body  black,  with  a  row  of  diamond  shaped  spots  on  back,  forming 
a  yellow  dorsal  line  ;  a  row  of  yellow  V-shaped  marks  along  the  spiracles; 
two  small  vellow  dots  on  each  segment  just  above  spiracles  ;  twelve  small 
tufts  of  short  white  hairs  on  each  segment,  each  springing  from  a  blue 
tubercle.  Head  clear  amber  brown  ;  underside  of  body  clear  yellow  the 
whole  length  ;  feet  black.  Pupa,  glossy  black,  with  shield-shaped  yellow- 
spots  ;  black  spiracle  in  center  of  each  spot,  short  spring  tufts  on  each 
end  of  pupa.  Cocoon,  a  single  loose  layer  of  white  lacy  web,  appearing 
as  if  delicately  punctured.  Imago  emerged  in  2  weeks.  These  larva? 
were  plentiful  in  the  upper  jiart  of  Platte  Canon,  Col,  m  July,  feeding  on 
Mertensia  ]'u\i^n'iiica.  Thev  are  gregarious  when  young,  but  separate  and 
wander  as  they  approach  maturity  ;  when  full  grown  the  whole  brood  ap- 
pears to  make  for  the  nearest  large  detached  rock  where  they  spin  their 
cocoons  in  the  angles  and  crevices,  generally  in  clusters,  and  often  cover- 
ing each  others  cocoons  so  thickly  that  many  of  the  moths  are  not  able 
to  make  their  way  through  but  die  crippled.  The  general  appearance  of 
the  larva  reminds  one  of  some  of  the  Acrouyche. 


Euproserpinus  Euterpe,  A  New  Species  of  Sphingidae. 
By  Henry  Euwarus. 


Allied  to,  and  very  probably  confounded  in  colleciions  with  E. 
Phaeton,  G.  &  R.,  but  certainly  distinct.  Many  examples  of /'//<7<'/o«  have 
at  different  times  passed  through  my  hands,  though  strangely  enough, 
they  have  nearly  all  been  9  9-  Boisduval  described  Macr.  Erato  — 
Phaeton  from  a  9,  and  Grote  and  Robinson's  type  also  belonged  to 
that  sex.  I  have  one  specimen  of  the  (^  in  which  the  antenna;  are  with- 
out serrations,  and  distinctly  thickened  towards  the  extremity  exactly  as 
in  Hcmaris  and  iMacroglussa,  thus  showing  in  this  respect  a  close  relation 
to  those  genera.  In  the  9  of  this  species  {Phaeton)  the  antenna?  are 
deeply  and  rather  coarsely  biserrate,  and  at  the  same  time  are  gradually 
thickened  towards  the  extremity.  Another  peculiarity  of  the  species  is 
the  remarkably  oblie]ue  exterior  border  of  die  lower  wings,  which  carries 
a  black  marginal  band  of  nearly  equal  width,  not  however  reaching  to 
the  anal  angle  In  my  collection  is  a  form,  which,  though  in  its  system 
of  coloration  exactly  resembling  Phaeton,  must  from  olher  characters  be 
a  distinct  species,  if  not  representing  another  genus.  It  is  this  which  I 
propose  10  call  E.  Euterpe.  In  it  the  antennse  are  of  equal  size  through- 
out, the  tip  being  furnished  with  a  sharply  curved  hook.  The  serrations 
are  very  deep  and  long,  and  when  viewed  through  a  lens,  each  joint  ap- 
pears to  be  furnished  with  a  series  of  bristles,  as  in  some  genera  of  .-Ege- 
ridcB.  The  thorax  and  abdomen  are  densely  clothed  with  long  hair,  the 
latter  being  very  robust,  and  much  shorter  than  in  Phaeton,  extending 
very  little  beyond  the  wings.  The  wings  are  broader  than  in  the  more 
familiar  species,  the  primaries  being  entirely  more  rounded,  and  not  pro- 
duced at  the  apex,  while  the  secondaries  instead  of  being  oblique  upon 
the  margin,  are  very  distinctly  rounded,  the  apex  being  the  opposite  of 
acute.  In  color,  there  is  great  resemblance  between  the  two  forms, 
though  in  Euterpe  the  shading  of  the  upper  wings  is  brownish  while  in 
Phaeton  it  is  black.  In  Phaeton  the  basal  line  is  geminate  and  slightly 
oblique,  the  outer  of  the  double  lines  turning  slightly  toward  the  base  on 
the  costa.  In  Euterpe,  it  is  single,  thick,  slightly  dentate  on  its  outward 
edge,  while  behind  it  is  a  deep  blackish  brown  shade  reaching  as  far  as 
the  cell,  and  there  touching  an  ovate  discal  spot.  In  Phaeton  the  space 
behind  the  basal  line  is  grayish  motded  with  black  to  a  space  about  2 
mm.  from  the  margin,  and  the  discal  mark  is  linear  and  not  ovate.  Be- 
fore reaching  the  rather  broad  black  posterior  margin  there  are  3  faint 
black  lines  from  the  internal  margin  which  are  obsolete  before  reaching 
the  costa.      The  inner  t(\g(t  of  the  posterior  margin  is  sinuate,   and  very 


—  26  — 

slightly  irregular  in  its  outline.  In  Euferpe,  the  space  behind  the  broad 
blackish  basal  shade,  is  very  distinctly  gray,  mottled  with  fawn  color, 
and  with  a  few  scattered  white  scales.  The  inner  edge  of  this  gray  space 
overreaches  upon  the  broad  black  border  in  3  very  deep  and  distinct 
teeth,  one  on  the  internal  angle,  one  in  the  middle  and  one  reaching  al- 
most to  the  apex,  thus  differing  in  a  remarkable  manner  from  the  form 
of  the  posterior  border  of  Phaeton.  The  fringes  are  also  distinctly  longer, 
and  bear  more  white  in  Euterpe  than  in  the  other  species.  The  second- 
aries are,  as  I  have  said,  more  rounded  on  their  margins,  the  black 
marginal  band  is  broader  than  in  Phaeton,  and  is  swollen  in  the  middle 
of  its  inner  edge,  while  in  Phaeton  this  edge  is  quite  straight.  The  base 
of  the  lower  wing  in  both  species  is  black.  In  Phaeton,  the  disc  is  pale 
primrose  yellow,  this  shade  being  nearly  of  the  same  width  throughout. 
In  Euterpe,  the  disc  is  clear  white,  very  broad  on  the  costa,  but  abruptly 
narrowing,  so  that  at  the  anal  margin,  it  is  only  one  fourth  of  the  width 
on  the  costa.  In  Phaeto?i,  the  thorax  is  clothed  with  long  gray  hairs, 
while  the  abdomen,  which  is  black  in  both  sexes,  bears  on  the  sides  of 
the  4th  and  5th  segments  bunches  of  pale  yellow  hairs,  which  are  also 
visible  beneath.  In  Euterpe,  the  clothing  of  thorax  and  abdomen  is 
blackish  gray  throughout,  and  there  is  no  trace  whatever  of  the  yellow 
lateral  patches.  On  the  lower  side  the  markings  are  repeated  in  both 
species,  but  in  Phaeton  they  are  sharply  and  clearly  defined,  while  in 
Euterpe  they  are  confused  and  somewhat  indistinct.  The  difference  in 
shape  of  the  discal  mark  of  the  primaries  is  very  decidedly  displayed  on 
the  lower  side,  and  in  Euterpe  there  is  a  distinct  linear  discal  mark  on 
the  secondaries,  absent  in  Phaeton.  In  Euterfe.  the  hairy  covering  of  the 
legs  and  lower  side  of  the  abdomen  is  blackish  gray  throughout,  while  in 
Phaeton  the  clothing  of  the  legs  is  yellowish  while  mixed  wich  gray,  and 
the  abdomen  is  blue  black,  with  2  faint  white  bands,  and  a  sparse  cover- 
ing of  gray  hairs.  In  Phaeton,  the  antennae  in  both  sexes  are  black 
throughout,  but  in  Euterpe  the  shaft  is  clear  white,  with  the  serrations 
blackish  brown. 

I  have  no  doubt  whatever  of  the  distinctness  of  this  lovely  species  of 
which  I  have  only  seen  the  9  example,  from  which  the  present  descrip- 
tion is  taken.  I  have  been  careful  to  give  a  comparison  between  the  two 
forms,  though  there  can  be  no  possibility  except  at  the  first  glance,  of 
confounding  them.  In  shape  of  wings,  robust  form  of  abdomen,  and 
the  structure  of  the  antennas,  Euterpe  approaches  very  closely  to  the  little 
known  Arctonotus  lueidus. 

The  unique  example  was  captured  near  San  Diego,  California,  by 
the  late  H.  K.  Morrison. 


—27— 

An  Introduction  to  a  Classification  of  the  North  American 

Lepidoptera. 

By  John  B.   Smith. 
(Continued  from  p.  8i,  vol.  I.) 


Somewhat  allied  to  the  Sesiidcz  in  appearance  and  in  habits  are  the 
Thyrididte,  few  in  number  both  as  to  genera  and  species.  Like  the  ^^- 
siidcB  the  imagoes  are  diurnal  in  habit.  The  larva?  are  little  known.  The 
European  species  lives  on  Clematis  in  cone  shaped  cases  and  gives  out 
an  unpleasant  Hemiptera  like  odor.  It  is  short,  stout,  cylindric,  with 
small  tubercles  and  single  hairs  and  has  i6  feet. 

The  imagoes  are  small  and  stout  with  strong  long  tongue,  large  pro- 
jecting and  bristly  palpi,  and  spindle  formed  antennae,  the  basal  joint 
considerably  enlarged.  In  the  male  they  are  singly  pectinated.  The 
ocelli  are  wanting,  eyes  naked,  distinct,  though  not  prominent.  The 
legs  are  stout,  clothed  with  long  stiff  hair,  the  middle  tibia  with  one  pair, 
posterior  with  two  pairs  of  spurs.  Thorax  robust,  smoothly  clothed. 
Abdomen  smooth,  with  a  long  slender  anal  tuft.  The  median  cell  is 
simple,  the  primaries  twelve  veined,  all  the  veins  separate,  dorsal  or  in- 
ternal vein  furcate  at  base.  The  secondaries  have  two  internal  veins,  costal 
vein  free  from  base — altogether  8  veins. 

We  have  two  genera — Thyris  agrees  with  the 
family  characters.  Platy thyris  is  unknown  to  me  in 
nature,  but  according  to  Grote  and  Robinson's 
description  it  contradicts  nearly  every  family  cha- 
racter, and  leaves  only  the  superficial  habitus  to 
authorize  its  reference  here.  According  to  them 
the  antennae  are  rather  long,  slender,  filiform  and 
naked.  Head  sunken,  unprominent ;  palpi  as  in 
Thyris.  Eyes  globose,  small,  vertex  narrow.  Pro- 
thorax  square,  wide  and  short,  not  projected  in  front  ^"^  '°"  °  y*^'^' 
of  the  wings  as  in  Thyris,  closely  scaled.  Abdomen  stout,  sessile,  not 
exceeding  secondaries.  Wings  white ;  prmiarries  more  than  half  as  wide 
as  long,  apices  obtusely  rounded,  external  margin  entire,  slightly  sinuate, 
being  outwardly  rounded  before  internal  angle  ;  antennal  margin  straight, 
equalling  the  costal  margin  in  length.  Secondaries  wide  and  full  nearly 
as  large  as  the  primaries,  external  margin  very  sinuate.  Legs  as  in  Thyris. 
The  venation  is  not  described  and  therefore  its  reference  here  may  per- 
haps prove  proper— if  so,  the  definition  of  the  family  must  be  enlarged. 
I  shall  not  be  unprepared  however  to  find  that  it  does  not  belong  to  this 
familv  at  all. 


—  28  — 

The  anomolous  family  HeterogymidcB  has  recently  been  added  to  our 
Lists  by  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards  (Ento.  Am.,  3,  181,  Jan,  1888).  In  habitus 
and  appearance  these  insects  resemble  the  Psychidce  with  which  they  have 
also  the  apterous  females  in  common. 

In  the  male  the  antennae  exceed  half  the  length  of  the  primaries  and 
are  pectinated.  Palpi  and  tongue  very  small,  the  latter  practically  wanting. 
Face  very  broad.  Eyes  naked,  small,  globose.  Ocelli  wanting.  Body 
slender,  with  sparse  lengthy  vestiture,  abdomen  scarcely  exceeding  second- 
aries. The  legs  are  similar  m  length  and  vestiture,  the  median  and 
posterior  tarsi  shorter  and  stouter  than  the  anterior — middle  tibia  with 
one  pair,  posterior  with  two  pairs  of  spurs.  The  posterior  femora  are 
densely  clothed  with  fine  woolly  vestiture. 

Primaries  broad,  with  rounded  apices  and 
obliquely  rounded  outer  margin.  They  have 
two  internal  veins,  of  which  the  lower  is  fur- 
cate basally — veins  8  and  10  are  wanting  and, 
except  the  costal  vein,  the  others  are  all  separate 
out  of  the  cell  at  and  near  its  end. 

The  secondaries  have  three  internal  veins — 
four  veins  from  the  narrow  median  cell,  and 
two  from  the  base  above  the  subcostal — a  most 
unusual  character.  The  wings  are  semi-trans- 
parent ;  but  sparsely  clothed  with  fine  hair 
like  scales. 
Venation  of  Heterogynis.  The  female  is  apterous,  eyes  small,  mouth 

parts  rudimentary.  The  legs  are  more  membraneous  than  chitinous  and 
end  in  a  blunt  point.  The  body  is  naked  and  inferiorly  much  dilated — 
the  maculation  is  larviform.  The  larva  is  said  Boisduaval  to  be  onisci- 
form  and  to  live  openly  on  Gen/s/a. 

Mr.  Edwards  refers  to  this  family  his  genera  Pcnthetria  and  Thia 
(Ento.  Am.,  3,  181).  The  latter  is  unknown  to  me  but  the  generic  de- 
scription contradicts  the  family  characters  in  several  important  particulars. 
Pcnthetria,  which  I  know  in  all  stages  through  the  kindness  of  Prof. 
Riley,  who  has  made  careful  drawings  of  all  structural  details,  differs  in 
every  respect—  venation — head  structure — the  fully  developed  females  and 
in  larval  history,  and  Mr.  Edwards  has  allowed  habitual  peculiarities  to 
mislead  him.  The  lamily  is  an  easily  recognizable  one  and  I  have  so 
fullv  characterized  it  that  it  may  be  recognized  if  met  with  by  others.* 

(TO    HE    CONTINUlCn.  ) 

*  The  figures  of  venation  are  after  Moeschler.  They  are  incorrect  in  that  the 
dorsal  vein  ot  primaries  in  each  figure  is  simple  instead  of  furcate  at  base.  Otherwise 
they  are  accurate,  and  the  descriptions  mentions  these  characters  correctly. 


—  29  — 

On  North  American  Tineidae. 

Bv  \Vm.  Beutenjiuller. 


Acrolophus  mexicanellus,  ii.  sp. 

Head  and  thorax  covered  with  ratlicr  loiii^  sfoiie  drab  and  fuscous  scales  ;  labial 
palpi  slid  t,  porrect,  densely  covered  wiih  stone  drab  and  fuscous  scales.  Antennae 
fuscous.  Primaries,  stone  drab,  with  a  number  of  very  fine  wavy  tiansverse  fuscous 
lines,  which  are  almost  absent  on  the  middle  third  of  the  inner  margin  to  neaily  the 
median  vein  ;  at  the  end  of  the  discal  cell  is  an  oblique  fuscous  dash  running  to  the 
inner  angle,  which  is  somewhat  suffused  outwardly.  On  the  fold  at  about  the  middle 
of  the  wing  is  a  small  fuscous  patch.  Cilia  stone  drab  mi.ved  with  fuscous.  Second- 
aries and  cilia  fuscous.  Underside  of  primaries  and  secondaries  wholly  fuscous,  the 
latter  slightly  paler. 

This  species  has  a  superficial  resembhince   to   Acrolophus  huhtcUus, 
Beut. ,    but  may  be  readily  distinguished  from  it  by  being  a  much  larger 
heavier  insect,  and  also  by  the  rounded  apices  of  the  wings. 
Expanse  of  wings  30  mm.      i   9- 
Taken  by  Mr.  Julius  INIohn  in  the  City  of  Mexico. 
Pseudanaphora  arcanella,  Clem. 

The  9  of  this  species,    which   has  hitherto   remained    undescribed, 
diflers  from  the  male  only  in  size,  and  short  porrected  labial  palpi. 
Expanse  of  wings  32  mm.      Length  of  palpi  1.50  mm. 
Ortholophus  variabilis,   WImu. 

Three  examples  taken  by  Hy.  Edwards  at  Havilah,  Calif.;  heretofoie 
only  recorded  from  Arizona. 
Psecadia  monticola,   WIsm. 

A  single  specimen  I  received  from  Colorado,  and  one   from  N.  W. 
British  Columbia.      Formerly  known  from  California  and  Oregon  only. 
Psecadia  subcaerulea,  WIsm. 

A  number  of  specirnens  of  this  species  from  Arizona  are  in   the  col- 
lection of  Hy.  Edwards.      Originally  described  from  California. 
Psecadia  obscurella,  n.  sp. 

fj'.  Head  sooty  brown  with  grayish  white  scales,  and  a  black  spot  on  the  vertex; 
palpi  sooty  brown  with  grayish  white  scales.  Thorax  grayish  white  with  three  black 
spots  on  each  side  ;  antennse  black.  Primaries  wholly  sooty  brown,  sparsely  covered 
with  grayish  white  scales  along  the  costal  and  apical  regions,  while  the  dorsal  half  to 
the  inner  angle. is  very  densely  covered  with  scales,  limited  above  by  a  narrow  broken 
black  basal  streak,  running  to  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing.  On  the  basal 
third  below  the  fold  is  a  small  black  spot  and  another  scaly  grayish  white  one  on  the 
disc.  The  series  of  black  terminal  spots  almost  obsolete.  The  extreme  edge  of  the 
costa,  from  before  the  basal  third  to  a  little  beyond  the  apical  third,  pale  ochreous. 
Secondaries  and  cilia  fuscous,  glossy,  becoming  ochreous  toward  the  inner  angle  and 
base.  The  extreme  edge  of  the  costa  is  also  ochreous.  Underside  of  primaries  fus- 
cous.    S."condaries  same  as  abov^.     Body  ab  )vj  and  b^low   pale  yellowish  ochreous, 


— 30- 

and  at   the  side   orange  ochreous.     Fore  pairs   of  legs  sooty   brown,    with    grayish 
white  scales.      Hind  legs  ochreous,  tarsi  annulated  with  l)rovvn. 

O.   Diftcrs  Ironi  the  ^'  in  having  the  markings  a  little  more  produced,  especially 
the  terminal  series  of  black  spots,  and  the  secondaries  much  paler. 
Expanse  of  wings  22  mm.      i  ^,  antl  i   9- 
Havilah.  California,    (Hy.  Edwards),   June,    1869. 
Cryptolechia  concolorella,  n.  sp. 

Head,  palpi,  thorax  and  abdomen,  wholly  grayish  fuscous.  Primaries  dirty 
cinereous,  densly  covered  with  fuscous,  scales  so  as  to  nearly  obscure  the  ground 
color  ;  at  the  apical  third  the  scales  form  a  much  rounded  indistinct  transverse  band. 
Secondaries  same  color  as  the  primaries.  All  the  wings  beneath  are  grayish  fuscous, 
as  are  also  the  legs. 

Expanse  of  wings  21  mm.      i  ^. 
Hab. — Nevada. 
Gracilaria  sanguinella,  n.  sp. 

Head  bright  red  with  the  face  canary  yellow.  Palpi  orange  red,  as  is  also  the 
thorax  above  and  below.  Antennae  fuscous,  and  at  the  juncture  whitish.  Primaries 
bright  orange  red,  with  the  costa  narrowly  margined  with  canary  yellow,  from 
nearly  the  base  to  the  apex.  Cilia  fuscous,  except  at  the  apex  orange  red.  Second- 
aries grayish  fuscous,  as  are  also  thj  cdia.  Underside  of  primaries  fuscous,  except 
the  apex  orange  red.  Secondaries  same  as  al)ove. 
Expanse  of  wings  14  mm. 

I  ^,  and  I   9,    taken  by  Mr.  Hy.  Edwards    in    Santa    Clara   Co., 
California,  June,   1869. 

Gracilaria  nigristrigella,   n.  sp. 

Head  and  palpi  pale  straw  yellow.  Thorax  dirty  yellowish.  Primaries  purpli-h 
brown,  m  )ttled  n-regularly  with  straw  yellow  patches,  and  along  the  inner  margin 
from  the  base  to  a  lilt'e  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing  a  rather  broad  black  streak. 
Cilia,  fuscous,  except  at  apex  straw  yellow.  S-condaries  and  their  cilia,  grayish 
fuscous.  Underside  of  primaries  fuscous  except  the  cilia  at  the  apex  straw  yellow. 
Secondaries  same  as  above. 
Length  14  mm. 

One  specimen,  taken  by  Mr.   Hv.  Edwards  in  Alameda  Co.,   Calif, 
on  the  trunk  of  an  Oak  tree,   June,    1869. 
Gracilaria  ruptistrigella,  n.  var. 

Differs  from  the  preceding  form  in  having  the  black  streak  on  the  primaries 
broken,  and  forming  three  spots  instead,  one  at  the  base,  one  on  the  basal  third,  and 
one  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing.     The  markings  otherwise  are  the  same. 

1  example.      California,   (H_v.  Edwards). 
Gracilaria  shastella,  n.  sp. 

Head,  palpi  and  thorax,  paie  yellow  ;  antenna;  fuscous,    annulated    with    white. 
Primaries  pale  sordid  yellow  with  numerous  black  patches  scattered   over  the  wings, 
some  being  more  conspicuous  than  others.     Cilia   fuscous,    except  the    apex  yello^\^ 
Secondaries,  tuscous.     Underside  of  wings,  fuscous. 
Expanse  of  wings  11  mm. 

2  ^(^.     Hab.— California,   (Hy.  Edwards). 


—31  — 

On  the  genus  Sympetrum,  XavDian. 
By  Dr.    H.   A.    Hagkn. 

Mr.  E.  Newman,  1833,  in  Entomological  Magazine,  vol.  I,  p.  511 
10514,  in  a  paper  named  "Entomological  Notes,"  after  treating  some 
other  subjects,  published  a  new  genus  Sympetnim,  belonging  to  the 
genus  Z//>(^////A?  of  Dr.  Leach.  Of  the  British  species,  belonging  to  this 
genus,  are  described  :  S.  sco/ica,  Donovan  ;  S.  ni/ostigma,  Newman 
(=  Z.  sangidnea,  Muell.)  ;  ^.  vulgatum,  L.  (=  non,  Linn.-;  sfriolafa, 
Chp.);  -5".  basale,  Newm.  (=  L.  sangiii?iea,  Muell.);  S.  flavtnlata. 
Newm.  (=  L.  Jiaveola,  L. ).  The  remainder  of  LihrUida  he  divided  into 
three  genera,  as  Mr.  Newman  states.  In  a  foot  note  the  characters  are 
given  as  follows : 

Sympefrum,  abdomen  laterally  compressed — Ex.  vulgatum,  L. 

Or/Iicfruiii,  abdomen  laterally  parallel-- Zlw  carulescens,  F.,  can- 
cel/alum,  L. 

Platetruin,  abdomen  depressed  and  dilated — Ex.  deprcf^sum,  L. , 
consparcahaii,  F. 

Lcpfeirum,  abdomen  conical  and  pointed — Ex.  (juadrimaculatuin. 
L. ,   prcpnuhihim,  Newir. 

"They  will,"  the  autlu)r  adds,  ".n  ad  j^robabdity  resolve  eventually  into 
three  distinct  genera,  and  as  such  I  had  once  prepared  them  for  publica- 
tion together  with  Syjupetrnm  as  below,  but  a  dislike  to  tiaiiie-giving  in- 
duced me  to  relinquish  them."  I  think  by  this  statement  it  is  evident,  that 
the  three  last  genera,  which  Mr.  Newman  has  himself  later,  duiing  43 
years,  never  used,  not  even  mennoned,  have  certainly  no  right  of  priority. 
Lideed,  Ento.  Mag.,  I,  p.  416,  he  speaks  of  Lil>e//ula  pnenuljiia  and  Z//'. 
quadrimaculata,  and  ibid.,  vol.  Ill,  p.  151,  prints  in  a  paper  of  his  friend 
Ed.  Doubleday,  Lib.  quadrimacidata,  L.  depressa,  L.  prcpnuhila.  The 
characters  given  for  the  genus  Sympetrum  are  :  Caput  metathorace  latins 
(so  it  is  in  every  species  of  Odonata)  ;  propodeon  podeonque  in  com- 
missura  incrassata  (common  to  every  species  of  Odonata.  but  stronger  in 
the  males)  ;  segmenta  sequentia  lateribus  compressa  (among  the  species 
of  Sympetrum  only  in  the  females,  mostly  cylindrical  in  the  males)  ;  pro- 
telum  ac  adjacentia  plus  minusve  incrassata  (common  to  nearly  every 
species  of  Odonata,  because  these  parts  contain  the  internal  genitals)  ; 
telum  minutum  (common  to  all  Odonata)  ;  teli  appendices  notae  caeteris 
distinctcC  vix  privbent  ;  alarum  stigma  utrinque  conve.xum  (without  value). 
Mr.  Newman,  as  f^ir  as  I  am  able  to  ascertain,  mentions  only  twice 
more  the  name   Sympetrum.      In  ]".nt(\  Mag.,  V,    484,    where  he  con- 


—se- 
cludes :   "the  species  o^  Synipetrnm  are  perfectly  distinct ;  the  remainder 
of  the  genera  and  species  will,  I  believe,  stand.  " 

In  Zoulogist,  1845,  vol.  Ill,  p.  IC44,  he  mentions  Sympetnim  rtifo- 
sfigfiia.  Entomologist,  vol.  I,  1841,  p.  159  and  p.  205,  ^S'.  nihiciinde  i?, 
mentioned  by  Mr.  Doubleday. 

I  find  Mr.  Newman's  genera  only  twice  quoted  by  British  Scientists. 
Mr.  J.  F.  Stephens,  Mandibulata,  vol.  IV,  1836,  gives  not  as  genera  but 
as  subgenera  or  subgroups  the  four  names  wiih  the  short  characters  of 
Mr.  Newman,  and  of  the  new  species  of  the  monograph  of  Svmpetrian 
he  quotes  only  one.  Mr.  J.  O.  Weslwood,  in  "  Synopsis  of  the  Genera 
of  British  Insects,''  1839,  p.  48,  after  the  genus  LibeUida  puts  in  brackets 
the  four  names  and  one  species  to  each  of  them.  As  he  has  counted  for 
Libellula  1 5  specimens  it  is  evident  that  he  did  not  accept  Newman's 
genera. 

It  is  difficult  to  understand  now  why  some  of  Mr.  Newman's  papeis 
were  not  acknowledged  or  at  least  not  mentioned  by  English  Scientists  ; 
however  it  seems  to  me  out  of  place  to  speak  here  about  things  happily 
forgotten  fifty  years  ago. 

Mr.  VV.  E.  Evans  British  Liljellulina?,  London,  1845,  uses  Dip/ax 
from  the  nomenclature  of  Charpentier,  and  mentions  nowhere  Svmpeirum. 
It  is  impossible  that  this  work  was  unknown  to  Mr.  Newman.    Zoologist, 

1845,  p.  1044,  he  speaks  of  the  presence  "of  Mr.  Selys  in  London,  en- 
gaged in  examining  the  cabinets  of  the  London  collectors,  for  the  purpose 
of  correctly  ascertaining  under  what  names  the  various  species  o^  Libellula 
have  been  described  by  British  Entomologists." 

Baron  De  Selys  paper,   published   Annals   and    Mag.    of  Nat.   Hist., 

1846,  p.  217,  is  reprinted  by  Mr.  Newman,  Zoologist,  1846,  p.  1522, 
but  nothing  is  said  in  favor  of  his  genera,  which  are  not  even  mentioned 
in  this  paper. 

Entomologists  nowadays  will  scarcely  be  able  to  understand  the  diffi- 
culties, which  impede'd  the  working  fifty  years  ago.  There  was  no  con- 
nection to  speak  of  between  Scientists  of  Great  Britain  and  the  continent. 
In  1843  I  found  Stephens"  Brit.  Entom.  and  Curtis  wanting  in  the  libra- 
ries of  Berlin,  Vienna,  Paris  and  of  the  Jardin  des  Plantes.  The  only 
copy  in  Germany  belonged  to  the  Senator  von  Hayden  in  Frankfurt  a.  M., 
which  Erichson  was  allowed  to  consult.  There  did  not  exist  any  yearly 
Record  ;  the  first  was  published  1834  in  Wiegman's  Archiv  byBurmeister. 
The  first  Presidents  Address  of  the  Entomological  Society  by  Mr.  Children 
was  published  for  distribution  among  the  members  ;  the  first  Address  of 
the  Secretary,  Mr.  Westwood,  contains  nothing  on  Sympetnim.  The 
existence  of  the  Entomological  Magazine  was  nearly  unknown  on  the 
continent.     Percheron,  Bibliography,  p.  225,  quotes  it  "per  Walker  ihe 


—33— 

first  8  numbers,''  and  in  the  catalogue  of  the  hbrary  of  Victor  Andouin, 
p.  55,  we  find  the  same  statement.  In  the  catalogues  of  the  libraries  of 
old  prominent  Scientists,  Charpentier,  Dejean,  Guerin,  Meneville,  Klug, 
Lacordaire,  Sturm,  the  Entomological  Magazine  is  wanting.  Burmeister, 
Handbuch,  vol.  II,  p.  14,  quotes  ilic  first  volume  and  one  number  as 
seen  by  him,  and  this  is  the  only  copy  mentioned  for  German}-.  The 
first  copy  I  saw  myself,  1839,  belonged  to  Mr.  G.  Marxlin  in  Upsala. 
As  it  was  my  custom,  I  copied  for  my  own  use  all  belonging  to  Odanata, 
but  by  a  curious  chance  out  of  the  copy  still  before  me  the  part  on  Sym- 
pctnun  must  have  been  lost  during  my  travels,  and  is  therefore  not  quoted 
in  my  dissertation,  1840,  and  m  my  Review  on  the  recent  literature  of 
Neuroptera,  Stett.  Ento.  Zeit.,   1849,  p.  68,  only  as  not  seen  by  me. 

When  in  1857  I  went  to  London  by  invitation  of  Mr.  J.  E.  Gray  to 
study  the  British  Neuroptera  in  the  collections,  I  applied  to  Mr.  E.  New- 
man for  the  permission  to  see  his  own  collection  and  that  of  the  Ento- 
mological Club.  I  will  never  forget  the  kindness  with  which  I  was  re- 
ceived by  him.  He  spent  the  larger  part  of  a  whole  day  in  showing 
me  the  collections,  and  as  in  the  meantime  I  had  made  myself  thoroughly 
acquainted  with  his  \vritings,  we  had  a  detailed  conversation  about  them, 
and  of  course  also  on  the  nomenclature  of  the  Z/ZW/z/A/.  Zoologist,  1857, 
p.  5879,  he  speaks  about  my  visit  and  says  :  "the  Neuroptera  have  been 
recently  examined  and  the  nomenclature  rectified  by  Dr.  Hagen." 

He  did  not  take  any  exception  to  the  nomenclature  used  by  De  Selys 
and  myself  in  the  Revue,  of  which,  contrary  to  his  former  intentions,  he 
has  never  made  a  report.  So  1  had  the  conviction  he  had  relinquished 
Sympetrum  as  well  as  the  other  genera.  I  cou>idered  the  names  free  and 
used  three  of  them  with  .a  different  character,  converting  them  in  a 
femmine  combination,  to  avoid  the  tedious  change  of  the  species  name  to 
a  neutrum. 

After  all,  it  was  not  the  fate  of  English  papers  only  to  be  over- 
looked in  those  times.  Mr.  E.  Newman  himself,  when  he  pubhshed, 
1852,  his  paper  on  the  classification  of  Neuroptera,  entirely  over- 
looked the  papers  of  Klug,  Erichson,  and  Stein  published  twelve  years 
before. 

The  names  of  Mr.  E.  Newman  have  not  been  used  by  any  one  of  the 
many  writers  on  LihcHula  during  the  long  time  since  their  publication, 
and  Mr.  E.  Newman  has  never  taken  any  exception  to  vindicate  his  rights, 
though  all  important  works  were  well  known  to  him.  He  has  never  ob- 
jected to  the  use  of  his  names  modified  and  accompanied  by  a  difterent 
character  by  myself  in  the  Synopsis  of  the  Neuroptera  of  North  America, 
in  i860. 

Mr.  MXachlan  introduced  tliese  names  again  in   his  List  of  British 


—34  — 

Neuroptera,  and  Baron  De  Selys  now  in  his  Odonates  de  I'Asie  mineure, 
1887,  has  replaced  Diplax  by  Sympetrum  ;  "quelques  facheux  que  soient 
actuellement  les  changements  de  nomenclature — per  une  application  ex- 
ageree  du  droit  de  priorite,  il  me  semble  juste  d'adopter  le  nom  de  Sym- 
petrum au  Hex  de  Diplax." 

I  have  shown  before  that  three  of  the  genera  were  relinquished  by 
the  author  directly,  and  that  the  names  were  never  used  by  himselfor  any- 
body else,  and  that  they  could  not  be  considered  therefore  to  have  the  right 
of  prioriiv  to  supersede  other  names  37  years  later.  Concerning  ^rw- 
peinim  the  analysis  of  its  characters  given  shows  that  the  character  is  en- 
tirely insufficient,  and  that  Mr.  Newman  has  never  taken  an  excepdon 
against  the  non-acceptance  of  tins  genus  by  his  own  countrymen, 
Stephens,  Westwood,  Evans,  and  de  Fonscolombe  (1837)  Baron  De 
Selys,  Hagen,  and  ct'^?;-)' writer  upon  Odonata  since  1833.  Further,  that 
Hagen  after  conversing  with  Mr.  Newman  about  this  genus  had  the  de- 
cided conviction,  that  it  has  been  rehnquished  by  the  author  also.  It  was 
at  least  in  former  years  always  considered  that  monographs  in  prepara- 
tion, because  the  plates  needed  so  much  time,  had  a  right  to  supersede 
names  published  during  the  time.  The  first  plate  of  Charpenlier  is  dated 
1828,  and  in  1837  Westwood  saw  in  Bonn  the  big  volume  of  plates,  and 
therefore  the  name  Diplax  was  everywhere  accepted.  Probably  Mr.  New- 
man was  of  the  same  opinion  as  he  did  not  object  tn  B.xron  DjSely^' 
papers  in  1846  and  1850. 

1  think  therefore  the  names  of  tlie  genera  given  bv  Mr.  Njw  111,111 
should  not  be  accepted. 


■♦■  «  ♦• 


A  More  Wicked  Worm  ! 

Editor  Entom.    A.mkk. 

Dear  Sir :  —  Reading  No.  10  of  Vol.  Ill,  Ento.  Am.,  I  was  much 
amused  by  the  article  "A  wicked  Worm.''  I  can  assure  you  no  one  in 
Germanv  knows  of  this  terrible  insect,  nor  have  I  read  anvlhing  about  it 
in  any  of  the  (jennan  newspapers.  It  seems  to  me  this  worm  must  have 
developed  quite  independently  in  the  brain  o{  some  North  American 
Journalist.      Of  course  there  c;in  be  no  doubt  of  the  truth  of  the  story. 

I\Ir.  Smith  is,  in  my  o})init)n,  right  in  his  idea,  that  this  worm  and 
those  thai  destroyed  the  Russian  cannons  during  the  Crimean  War,  are 
nearly  allied.  A  third  worm,  belonging  to  the  same  flimily  and  perhaps 
genus,  is  the  famous  "Ice  Worm  "  which  fed  on  the  ice  in  the  cellar  of  a 
great  brewery  at  Dresden  once  upon  a  time.  Of  course  the  March  beer 
went  to  ruin,  as  did  also  the  brewery  and  all  the  stockholders  1  Neither 
ice,  beer,  nor  money  was  to  be  found  ! 

Yours  trulv, 

H.     B.    MoSCHLER 


—35  — 
Phloeophagus  spadix,  J/rrhst, 

By    \\l\A  I  AM    JiJLICH. 


Collecting  on  Rock-away  B,-ac!i,  1..  I.,  June  iSih,  last  year,  among 
the  driftwood,  I  turned  over  board,  lialf  imbedded  in  the  sand  and  thor- 
oughlv  soaked  with  salt  water.  The  board  laid  within  the  line  of  the 
high  tide  and  must  have  been  under  water  several  hours  every  day  for 
some  time.  Crawling  on  it  were  a  few  small,  dark  brownish  Curculios 
which  reminded  me  very  much  at  the  time  of  F/assop/es  marinus,  Horn, 
which  I  found  under  similar  circumstances  at  the  Pacific  coast.  Upon 
closer  examination  of  the  board— pine,  about  2  inches  thick,  rotten  and 
wormeaten— I  succeeded  in  cutting  out  about  ^o  beetles,  and  a  number 
of  larvce  and  pupae  ;  the  larvae  as  livelv  as  crickets,  3  to  4  nim.  lung,  of  a 
yellowish  white  color,  head  considerably  darker,  and  mandibles  brown. 
On  each  side  of  the  first  three  segments  they  had,  on  small  wart-like  pro- 
jections, a  very  small  leg.  The  beetle  proved  to  be  Phhcophagiis  spadix, 
Herbst,  a  European  species,  not  before  found  in  this  country  to  my 
knowledge.  This  capture  I  consider  especially  interesting  as  it  shows 
how  some  of  these  importations  are  landed. 

A  board  infested  and  wormeaten  is  thrown  over  board  as  useless  and 
washed  ashore,  where  the  involuntary  passengers  take  to  the  wing  to  seek 
conditions  to  suit  them,  or  accomodate  themselves  the  best  way  they  can, 
or  perish,  if  not  capable  of  doing  so.  The  astonishing  tenacity  of  life, 
peculiar  to  Curculios,  enables  them  to  outlive  unfavorable  conditions 
which  would  kill  a  great  many  other  insects,  especially  in  the  larval  state, 
and  accounts  for  the  great  number  of  Rhynchoi)horidai  "naturalized"  to 
our  fauna. 

In  order  to  indentify  this  species,  if  it  comes  under  the  observation 
of  our  collectors,  1  give  the  synopsis  of  Dr.  Horn  of  the  three  species 
now  known  to  belong  to  our  fauna. 

Elytra  oval,  Inimeri  broadly  rounck-d. 

Thorax  very  densely  and   coarsely  ])uiKturcd,  elytral   striiie  broad,   coarsely    and 
deeply  punctured,   4  mm spadix. 

Elytra  oblong,  sides  straight,  humeri  distinct. 

Thorax    densely    punctured,    elytral    stria;    deep,    coarsely,    serrately    punctured, 
2  nim apionides. 

Thorax  sparsely  punctured,  elytral  stria;  broad,    not  deep,   punctures  coarse,  not 
serrate,  2  mm minor. 

The  two  species  described  by  Dr.  Geo.  H.  Horn  appear  to  be  un- 
common, and  all  the  specimens  1  have  found  I  cut  out  of  dead  Ash. 


-56- 

Early  Stages  of  Erebus  odora,  L. 

By  H.   T.   Fernald,    B.  S. 


The  egg  and  larvae  of  jF/Wv«,s- o</or(7  have  never  been  described  in 
any  scientific  paper  that  has  come  under  my  observation,  and  it  was  with 
great  pleasure  that  I  recently  received  from  her  Excellency,  Mrs.  H.  A. 
Blake,  formerly  of  Nassau,  N.  P.,  a  record  of  observations  on  these 
stages  of  this  beautiful  moth,  which  she  has  kindly  given  me  permission 
to  publish. 

Toward  the  end  of  June,  1877,  an  adult  moth  of  this  species  was 
captured  and  placed  under  a  bell  glass,  when  on  June  27th,  it  deposited 
forty  or  fifty  eggs.  These  were  not  attached  to  either  the  sides  or  bottom 
of  the  glass  and  seemed  to  possess  no  glutinous  matter.  They  were 
spherical  in  form,  flattened  slightly  at  the  poles,  and  under  the  micro- 
scope showed  a  series  of  ridges  passing  from  pole  to  pole. 

The  eggs  hatched  during  the  forenoon  of  July  2nd,  producing  larvie 
about  a  quarter  of  an  inch  in  length  and  about  the  size  of  a  bristle.  They 
became  very  active  when  disturbed  and  if  one  fell  it  spun  a  thread  to  the 
end  of  which  it  remained  attached.  Each  had  but  six  pairs  of  feet.  In 
color  they  were  dirty  white  with  six  longitudinal  reddish  stripes,  broken 
at  intervals.      Long  hairs  stood  up  here  and  there  along  the  body. 

Various  food  plants  were  tried,  viz  :  Lettuce  {Laciuca  sp.  ?),  Sea 
Grape  {Cocoloba  uvifcra)^  Poison  Wood  [Rhus  sp.  :^),  Palmetto  {Sd/'cj/ 
sp.  P),  Wild  Almond  {Auivgdaliis  sp.  .'^),  Silk  Ccitton  [Bomliax  ccHm), 
Tamerind  {Tamerindus  indica),  and  Sapodilla  [Saputa  Achras,  J/.), 
but  all  were  untouched:  One  or  two,  however,  appeared  to  eat  Whist- 
ling Bean  leaves. 

On  July  5th,  but  one  larva  remained  but  it  had  apparently  grown 
somewhat.  Unfortunately,  during  its  examination  it  was  lost,  a  puff  of 
wind  carrying  off  the  leaf  on  wliich  it  was  resting. 

In  my  note  in  vol.  Ill,  No.  4,  of  this  magazine  I  alluded  to  a  state- 
ment by  the  natives  that  the  larva  of  Erebus  feeds  on  the  Wild  Fig. 
Recently,  the  larva  referred  to  has  been  proved  to  be  that  of  a  Sphinx, 
thus  showing  how  little  reliance  can  be  placed  on  the  observations  of  un- 
trained persons. 

Dr.  Horn  visits  Europe  again  this  season.  The  Doctor  needs  this 
recreation  and  we  know  he  will  bring  back  with  him  fresh  energy  that 
will  enable  him  to  continue  his  valuable  work.  His  address  will  be  : 
Care  of  Dr.  D.  Sharp,  Shirley  Warren,  Southampton,  England.  The 
Doctor  will  leave  May  9th,  and  will  be  gone  all  Summer. 


North  American  PYRALID^E. 

By  Prof.   C.    H.   Fernald, 
Amherst,  Mass. 


Botis  plumbosignalis,  n.  sp. 

Expanse  of  wing,  21  mm.  Head  and  palpi  yellowish  white  above,  pure  white 
beneath.  Labial  palpi  fawn  colored  on  the  outside.  Thorax  and  fore  wings  sulphur 
yellow,  the  former  with  a  rust-colored  stripe  on  the  sides  from  the  eyes  to  the  wings 
and  extending  a  short  distance  on  the  costa.  The  orbicular  spot  on  the  middle  of 
the  cell  is  small  and  round,  of  a  dark  rust  red  color  and  overlaid  with  lead  colored 
scales.  The  reniform  spot  on  the  end  of  the  cell  is  similarly  colored  and  extends 
across  more  than  the  width  of  the  cell.  A  stripe  of  the  same  width  and  color  as  the 
reniform  but  forming  an  obtuse  angle  with  it,  extends  across  to  the  hinder  margin  of 
the  wing,  and  another  extends  from  where  this  joins  the  reniform  obliquely  up  to 
near  the  apex,  the  whole  forming  a  Y-shaped  mark.  These  stripes  are  somewhat 
diffuse  on  the  outside,  and  the  outer  transverse  line  is  distinct  only  between  the  upper 
parts  of  the  Y.  The  inner  transverse  line  extends  obliquely  out  and  down  from  the 
costa  to  the  median  vein,  where  it  forms  an  angle,  and  then  extends  to  the  hinder 
margin,  forming  another  angle  on  veni  one.  Another  similar  line  runs  parallel  but 
outside  of  it,  from  the  median  vein  to  the  hinder  margin,  forming  a  lunule  between 
the  veins  and  these  two  lines  together  give  the  appearance  of  the  figure  8  beneath  the 
orbicular  spot.  The  fore  wings  are  rather  narrow  and  slightly  falcate.  The  hind  wings 
are  white,  slightly  tinged  with  sulphur  yellow  on  the  outer  margin,  and  there  is  a 
minute  brown  spot  on  the  anal  angle  with  traces  of  one  or  two  more  on  the  surface 
of  the  wing,  an  indication  of  a  transverse  line.  The  underside  of  the  wings  is  whitish 
with  the  markings  of  the  upperside  reproduced  in  brown. 
Described  from  three  examples  from  Colorado. 

Lipocosma  fuliginosalis,  n.  sp. 

Expanse  of  wings,  from  13  to  15  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  fore  wings,  snow 
white  ;  the  latter  overlaid,  except  on  the  base,  at  the  apex  and  narrowly  along  the 
costa,  with  dark  brown  or  soot  color.  The  outer  crosshne  which  is  darker  than  the 
wing  starts  from  the  outer  fourth  ot  the  costa,  makes  an  outward  angle  at  first,  then 
curves  outwardly  beyond  the  end  of  the  cell,  then  makes  another  outward  curve  and 
ends  at  the  outer  fourth  of  the  hinder  margin.  There  is  a  faint  trace  of  another  line 
crossing  the  middle  of  the  wing.  The  outer  margin  has  a  row  of  black  dots.  The 
fringe  is  sordid  and  cut  with  whitish.  The  hind  wings  are  whitish  on  the  costal  half, 
and  discolored  more  or  less  on  the  rest  of  the  surface  with  soot-color  which  forms  a 
line  across  this  part  of  the  wing  beyond  the  middle.  On  the  inside  of  this  line  above 
the  anal  angle  there  is  a  white  spot  and  a  tuft  of  black  scales  on  the  innerside  of  the 
spot.  The  basal  joint  of  the  abdomen  is  white  and  the  rest  sooty-brown.  The 
markings  of  the  upperside  are  repeated  and  there  is  a  plain  discal  spot  on  each  of 
the  wings. 

Described  from  four  examples,  from  Maine,  Ontario  and  Illinois. 

Hydrocampa  proprialis,  n.  sp. 

Expanse  of  wings,  10  to  19  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  fore  wings,  dark  brown. 
The  reniform  spot  at  the  end  of  the  ce'.l  of  the  fore  wing  is  white,  and  there  is  a  more 
or  less  prominent  white  spot  on  the  costa  above  it.     The   inner   transverse   line  lis 


-38- 

arcuate  and  white.  The  outer  line  starts  from  a  small  white  spot  on  the  costa  a  litile 
beyond  the  spot  above  the  reniform,  and  extends  inward  so  as  to  interfere  more  or 
less  with  the  reniform  spot  causing  it  to  be  toothed  on  the  outer  side  in  some  examples, 
then  it  extends  inwardly  on  vein  two,  somewhat  within  the  reniform  when  it  turns 
and  extends  to  the  outer  third  of  the  hinder  border.  A  white  line  toothed  on  the  ni- 
side,  crosses  the  wing  close  to  the  outer  border.  There  is  generally  a  sliade  of  dull 
ochre  yellow,  in  the  subterminal  space,  on  the  outside  of  the  basal  line,  and  a  spot 
on  the  inside  of  the  discal  spot.  The  hind  wings  are  a  shade  lighter  than  the  fore 
wings,  and  there  is  an  indication  of  the  two  outer  white  lines,  between  which  near 
the  middle  of  the  outer  margin  there  is  generally  a  dull  yellow  spot.  The  abdomen 
is  concolorous  with  the  hind  win_;s  and  ringed  with  lighter  brown  on  the  posterior 
edge  of  each  se'.:;ment.  The  underside  of  the  body  and  wings  is  much  lighter  than 
above,  and  there  is  a  terminal  row  of  whitish  lunate  or  wedge-shaped  spots  between 
the  veins.  The  hind  wings  also  have  an  angulated  white  line  outside  of  a  discal  spot, 
which  is  sometimes  extended  into  a  shade,  and  within  which  there  is  another  white 
line.     Some  examples  scarcely  show  these  white  markings. 

Described  from  fourleen  examples  from  Florida  and  Te.xas. 


Book  Notice. 

"Diagnoses  of  N.  A.   Phycitid32  and  GaLeridx,  by  E.  L    Ragonot.    Piiblshtd 
by  the  author.''     Paris,    Dec.    1SS7. 

The  above  is  a  pamphlet  of  2  j  pages,  in  wliich.the  author  gives  very 
brief  descriptions  of  26  genera  and  96  species  of  American  Lepidoplera. 
Of  the  species  94  belong  to  the  Phyciiuh^  and  2  to  the  GalleridiB  ;  79  be- 
long to  the  U.  S.  or  Canada,  2  to  Mexico,  2  to  the  West  Indies,  and  23 
are  without  indication  of  localitv. 

Besides  those  under  the  genera  newly  described,  various  of  the 
species  fall  under  previously  described  genera,  so  that  the  96  species  re- 
present 53  genera. 

The  pamphlet  is  issued,  according  to  the  statement  of  the  author, 
only  to  obtain  priority.  Whether  a  private  publication,  privately  distrib- 
uted, with  what  pretends  to  be  a  diagnosis  only,  not  a  description  of 
species,  will  be  accepted  as  giving  priority  in  any  case  of  disagreement, 
is  doubtful.  But,  that  there  may  be  just  as  little  cause  as  possible  for 
any  such  doubt  we  call  the  attention  of  the  public  to  Mr.  Ragonot's 
work.  We  are  glad  to  say  that  the  diagnoses,  though  very  brief,  are 
generally  explicit,  and  with  the  fact  that  there  is  generic  difference  between 
the  most  of  the  species,  there  need  be  no  great  difficulty  in  determining 
most  of  the  species  described. 

Mr.  Ragonot  promises  an  early  completion  of  his  "Monograph  of 
the  Phycitidce  and  Galleridw  of  the  World,"  in  which  he  proposes  to  give 
in  colors  many  of  the  new  and  rarer  species.  We  inost  earnesUy  hope 
his  promise  will  be  shortly  fulfilled  ;  for,    from   what  work    Mr.  Ragonot 


—39— 

has  done,  we  can  be  assured  his  Monograph  will  be  above  the  average  of 
such  works  in  value.  It  will  not  be  simple  a  collection  of  pictures,  as  so 
many  are.  Just  here,  we  express  a  hope.  It  is,  that  Mr,  Ragonot,  as  well  as 
all  other  Europeans  describing  American  Insects,  will  have  the  generosity 
and  courtesy  to  place  a  set  of  types  in  some  ]\Iuseum  in  this  country. 
We  have  the  profoundest  regard  for  Zcller,  Ledercr,  and  Guenee,  but  so 
far  as  our  country  is  concerned,  we  are  strongly  af  the  opinion  that  they 
have  greatly  hmdered  the  study  and  development  of  American  Entomo- 
logy. In  case  of  all  these,  not  to  mention  Walker,  a  large  percentage  of 
their  species  is,  after  from -2 5  to  40  years,  entirely  undetermined.  Ameri- 
cans, who  were  not  driven  to  other  fields,  have  had  to  go  on  with  their 
own  work,  simply  ignoring  the  species  described  by  all  these. 

We  are  glad  to  learn  that  Lord  Walsingham  has  set  a  worthy  example 
in  this  respect,  as  most  if  not  all  of  his  species  are  represented  by  types  in 
America. 

We  hope  this  example  will  be  followed  by  all  European  Entomo- 
logists hereafter. 

Surely,  if  our  brethren  across  the  water  feel  the  need  of  retaining 
their  collections  for  their  own  study,  there  is  no  possible  reason  why  all 
tvpes  of  American  species  should  not  be  left  by  will,  to  some  American 
Institution  instead  of  being  buried  in  some  European  Museum,  and  thus 
made  utterly  useless. 

In  all  cases  where  species  are  not  so  placed  that  those  interested  in 
them  can  obtain  comparatively  easy  access  to  them,  there  is  only  one 
thing  for  Americans  to  do,  viz  :  to  entirely  ignore  them.  To  Mr.  Grote 
Americans  owe  a  vast  debt  of  gratitude  for  following  this  course.  Many 
of  his  species  will  likely  fall  before  the  as  yet  unknown  ones  of  Zeller, 
Lederer,  Guenee,  and  Walker,  but  those  who  realize  what  he  did  for 
American  Entomology  will  never  cease  to  give  him  the  gratitude  he  has 
merited  for  daring  to  do  and  starting  America  forward  in  doing  her  own 
work. 

It  might  be  an  excellent  object  lesson,  for  some  enterprising  American 
to  purchase  all  types  of  European  Lepidoptera  yet  possible,  and  deposit 
them  in  the  Cambridge,  Philadelphia  or  Washington  Museums,  that  it 
may  be  seen  by  others  how  pleasant  it  is  to  deal  with  material  from  3000 
to  5000  miles  away  ! 

At  all  events  we  hope  hereafter  every  American  will  furnish  material 
to  the  workers  across  the  sea,  only  on  condition  that  a  complete  set  of 
types  be  deposited  with  some  Museum  or  specialist  in  America.  This 
may  be  selfish,  and  may  be  called  unscientific,  but  it  is  the  right  of  the 
majority  which  we  believe  in,  and  is,  we  believe,  for  the  best  interests  of 
Science.  Geo.   D.    Hulst. 


—40— 
Society  News. 

Ento.  Soc.  Washington,  March  i,  1888,  Thirteen  members  present.  Prof. 
Riley  presented  a  paper  entitled  "A  Contribution  to  the  Literature  of  Fatal  Spider 
Bites  "  giving  details  of  a  case  in  which  death  resulted  from  the  bite  of  a  spider, 
presumably  Lalrodectes  mactans.  Also  details  of  another  case  in  which  the  patient 
recovered  from  a  bite  of  the  same  spider.  Prof.  Riley  reviewed  the  literature  of  the 
subject  at  some  length,  and  concludes  that  personal  idiosyncracy  is  a  large  factor  in 
these  cases  and  that  the  poisonous  secretion  of  spiders  affected  different  individuals  in 
a  very  different  manner,  and  hence  the  discrepancy  in  results.  Mr.  Lugger  related 
an  experience  of  his  own  with  Phydippus  tripiinctatiis,  L.,  which  bit  one  of  his  chil- 
dren. The  result  was  convulsions,  high  fever,  headache,  swollen  eyes  and  great  pain 
in  the  pit  of  the  bitten  arm.  In  about  three  days  all  inflammation  and  untoward 
symptoms  had  disappeared.  Dr.  Marx  states  that  the  secretion  in  which  Lalrodectes 
mactans  envelops  its  victims  when  taken  internally  had  the  effect  of  increasing  the 
pulse  from  72  to  120.  He  commented  on  the  case  but  rather  skeptically  :  he  cannot 
see  how  Latrodectes  with  its  minute,  soft  mandibles  can  possibly  pierce  the  skin  or 
contain  poison  enough  to  produce  the  violent  affects  recorded.  The  subject  was  dis- 
cussed at  considerable  length  by  Messrs.  Lugger,  Dodge,  Marx,  Fox,  Schwarz,  John- 
son and  Smith, 

Mr.  Dodge  exhibited  some  of  Glover's  early  plates  and  commented  on  his  work 
in  this  direction.  This  induced  a  discussion  on  the  relative  value  of  the  various  pro- 
cesses for  illustrating  Insects,  in  which  Messrs,  Marx,  Schwarz  and  Smith  took  part. 

Mr.  Howard  called  attention  to  an  undetermined  external  parasite  on  a  spider, 
found  by  Dr.  Fox  in  February. 

A  paper  was  read  by  Prof.  P.  R.  Uhler,  "Observations  -upon  the  Heteroptera 
collected  in  Southern  Florida  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Schwarz,"  in  which  he  discusses  the  de- 
rivation of  this  fauna  and  describes  a  new  species  of  Achanthochila,  a  genus  heretofore 
unknown  in  our  fauna.  Mr.  Smith  made  some  remarks  on  the  Lepidopterous  family 
Heterogynidcc,  historical  and  critical.  He  does  not  believe  the  family  Occurs  in  our 
fauna,  and  that  Thia,  Edwards,  cannot  be  referred  here. 

April  6,  1888.-— Twelve  members  present.  Dr.  Horn  made  some  remarks  on 
Pleocoma,  exhibited  a  preparation  of  the  abdomen,  showing  the  position  of  the  stig- 
mata, and  that  Leconte  is  right  and  Gerstaecker  is  wrong  in  the  position  assigned  in 
the  Lamellicorn  series.*  Dr.  Horn  also  exhibited  the  larva  of  Platypsylla  castoris, 
mounted  in  balsam,  and  states  that  it  fully  proves  that  the  Insect  is  Coleopterous. 
Prof  Riley  states  that  he  has  had  the  larva  for  more  than  a  year  but  has  been  pre- 
vented from  working  it  up.  However,  he  fully  agrees  with  Dr.  Horn  concerning  the 
Coleopterous  nature  of  the  larva.  Mr.  Schwarz  read  a  paper  on  the  semi-tropical 
Insect  fauna  of  Southern  Florida.  This  region  mostly  coral  formation,  and  compara- 
tively recent  seems  to  have  received  its  vegetation  and  its  Insect  fauna  from  the  West 
Indies.  He  carefully  marks  the  observed  limits  of  the  fauna  and  credits  the  Gulf 
stream  with  bringing  a  very  large  proportion  of  it.  This  paper  was  discussed  at  some 
length  by  Dr.  Horn  and  Prof.  Riley  who  agreed  in  the  main  with  Mr.  Schwarz.  Dr. 
Horn  doubts  the  propriety  of  receiving  this  fauna  into  our  lists  in  its  entirety.  He 
also  illustrated  the  distribution  of  Insects  along  the  Pacific  coast,  and  the  natural 
boundaries  between  Mexico  and  the  U.  S.  which  rather  sharply  separates  the  Coleop- 
terous fauna.  Prof.  Riley  thinks  the  wind  should  be  credited  as  an  agent  in  distri- 
bution, and  mentions  the  receipt  oi  Hornia  minntipennis  from  ThesusCo.,  California, 
as  a  remarkable  fact  in  distribution.  J.   B.  Smith,   Rec.  Sec'y. 

*  See  Ento.  Am.,  vol.  Ill,  p.  233. 


VOL.  lY. 


BROOKLYN,  JUNE,  1888. 


NO.  3, 


A  Revised  Generic  Table  of  the  EURYTOMINyE, 
with  Descriptions  of  New  Species. 

By  William  H.   Ashmead. 

(Part  I.) 


Piof.  Wesiwoocl's  group  Eurytomidcs,  in  the  famil}^  Chalcididce,  has 
always  been  an  aitractive  one  to  students  in  the  order  Hymenoptera,  on 
account  of  the  dissimilarity  in  the  habits  of  some  of  the  species  represent- 
ing the  group  ;  for,  while  the  major  portion  of  them  are  true  parasites, 
it  is  now  a  thciroughly  established  fact  that  a  small  portion  of  them  are 
unquestionably  Phytophagous,  orpscudo  gall-makers;  and,  if  we  exclude 
the  BlastophagcE,  or  Fig-caprifiers  from  the  family  Chalcididce,  they  are 
then  the  only  ones  in  the  whole  family  out  of  thousands  of  speffies  that 
have  this  habit. 

Up  to  the  present  day,  the  species  composing  the  group,  have  been 
placed  in  but  seven  genera,  viz: — Eiin'/o?na,  lUiger,  1807;  Decaioma, 
Spinola,  181 1  ;  Isosoma,  Walker,  1832;  Sysiole,  Walker,  1832;  Phv- 
/achvra,  Haliday,  \'$,']i  \  Aiolomorphus,  Walker.  1 87 1  :  and  .Z^6^///v/A/, 
Cameron,   1884. 

But  recendy,  in  working  up  my  material  in  the  group,  the  acumula- 
tion  of  several  years,  I  have  found  it  necessary  to  erect  niany  additional 
genera  and  below  I  give  a  cai-efully  prepared  analytic  tab!e  of  all  the  known 
genera,  with  the  essential  characters  of  the  new  KA^<:^  recognized,  whicli 
will  be  followed  by  another  \^^\yt\■  with  descriptions  of  t'.ie  new    species. 

The  table  is  as  follows  : 


—  42  — 

ANALYTICAL  TABLE  OF  THET  GENERA. 

Eeiiiales. 

Wingless 5 

Winged. 

Margmal  vein  linear   ,  .  ■ 2 

Marginal  vein  tliick,   quadrat.-. 

Wings  with  a  dusky  submaiginal  lilotcli    G.  (I)  Decatoma,   Spinola. 

Wings  witliout  a  dusky  submarginal  blotch G.  (2)   Eudecatoma,   n.  g. 

2.  Metathorax  much  lengthened    4 

Metathorax  not  lengthened. 

Mesothorax  umbilicate  punctate 3 

Mesothorax  not  umbilicate  punctate. 

*Marginal  vein  not  longer  than  the  stigmal,  abdomen  sub-idoliose 

G.  (3)  Systole,  Walker. 
**Marginal  vein  one  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  stigmal.   abdomen  conic-ovate.    .  .  . 

G.  (5)  Xanthosoma,   n.  g. 
***Marginal  vein  three  limes  as  long  as  the  stigmal ;  abdomen  sub-comjiressed    .  .  . 

G.  (6)  Rileya,  Ashmead. 

3.  Postmarginal  vein  distinctly  longer  than  stigmal. 
*Marginal  vein  always  distinctly  longer  than  the  stigmal. 

Scape  equal  in  length  to  the  first  funicle  joint G.  (7)  Bephrata,  Cameron. 

Scape  much  longer  than  the  first  funicle  joint, 
rt  Posterior  tibiae  with  two  spurs. 

Parapsidal  furrows  obliterated  posteriorly G.  (8)   Decatomidea,   n.  g. 

Parapsidal  furrows  complete,  distinct. 
/'  Pedicel  much  shorter  than  first  funicle  joint. .  .G.  (9)   Eurytoma,   lUiger. 

bb  Pedicel  longer  or  at  least  as  long  as  the  first  funicle  joint 

G.  (10)  Eurytomocharis,  n.  g. 

rtrt  Posterior  tibia;  with  one  spur    G.  (11)   Phylloxeroxenus.   n.  e- 

**Marginal  vein  n(.)t  longer  than  the  siigmal. 

Abdomen  ovate,  pointed,  compressed    G.  (12)  Bruchophagus,   n.  g. 

Abdomen  sub-globose,   fourth  segment  longest,   enclosing  the  following    

G.  (4)  Systolodes,  n.  g. 
I'ostmarginal  vein  twice  as  long  as  the  siigmal. 

Abdomen  much  lengthened,  conic-ovate,  cylindric,  fourth  segment  as  long  as  all 
the  others  together G.  (13)  Evoxysoma,   n.  g. 

4.  Marginal  vein  longer  than  the  stigmal. 

Mesothorax  more  or  less  umbilicate  punctate. 

Postmarginal  vein  about  same  length  as  stigmal,  or  slightly  longer. 

Pedicel  not  longer  than  the  first  funicle  joint. 

Metathorax  sloping,  rounded  behind G.  (14)   Isosoma,   Walker. 

Metathorax  quadrate,  abruptly  truncate   behind 

G.  (15)  Isosomorpha,  n.  g. 

Pedicel  longer  than  the  first  funicle  joint  ;  mesothorax  smooth,  polished 

G.  (16)  Isosomocharis,  n.  g. 
Marginal  vein  not  as  long  as  the  stigmal. 

Postmarginal  much  lengthened G.  (17)   Isosomodes,  n.  g. 

5.  Mesothorax  smooth,  polished G.  (iS )  Philachyra,   Haliday. 

Males. 

Marginal  vein  linear 2 

Marginal  vein  thick,  quadrate. 


—43— 

Antenncc  simple,  not  verticillate  pilose. 

Wings  with  a  smoky  submarginal  blotch G.  (i)  Decatoma,  Spinola. 

Win^Js  without  a  smoky  submarginal  blotch G.  (2  )  Eudecatoma,  n.  g. 

2.  Metathorax  much  lengthened 4 

JMetatliorax  not  lengthened. 

Mesothorax  umbilicate  punctate    3 

Mesothorax  not  umbilicate  punctate. 

*MarCTinal  vein  not  longer  than  the  sli  niial  ;  abdomen  sub-globose;  funicle  joints 
with  long  hairs,  but  not  pedunculated G.  (3)  Systole,   Walker. 

='=*AIar'.nnal  vein  one  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  the  stigmal 

"^  G.  (5)  Xanthosoma,  n.  g. 

***Marginal  vein   three   times  as  lone.'  as  the  stiL;mal  ;  abdomen    long-oval,    petiole 
short;  funicle  joints  -i.nple,  without  long  hairs   .  .    G.  (6)  Rileya,  Ashmead. 

3.  Postmarginal  vein  distinctly  longer  than  the  stigmal. 

I\.!arginal  vein  longer  tlian  the  stigmal. 

Scape  equal  in  length  to  the  fir.-t  funicle  joint G.  (7)  Bephrata,  Cameron. 

Scape  much  longer  than  the  first  funicle  joint. 

Funicle  joints  simple,  not  pedunculate  veriicellate-pilose. 

Parapsidal  furrows  obliterated   p.osteriorly  ;  abdomen    ovate,    petiole  short, 

ihick G.  (8)  Decatomidea,  n.  g. 

Funicle  joints  pedunculate  and  verticillate-piloje. 

Posterior  tibice  with  two  spurs;  parapsidal  grooves,  complete,  di^tinct. 

Abdomen  trigonate,  sub-compre,.sed G.  (9)   Eurytoma,  Illiger. 

Abdomen  ovate,  sub-compressed   G.  (10)  Eurytomocharis,  n.  g. 

Posterior  tibia:  with  one  spur G.  (ii)  Phylloxeroxenus,  n.  g. 

Postmarginal  vein  twice  as  long  as  the  stigmal G.  (13)  Evoxysoma,  n.  g. 

Marginal  vein  not  longer  than  the  stigmal. 

Postmarginal  vein  hardly  as  long  as  the  stigmal;  abdomen  ovate,  petiole  shorter 

than  posterior  coxa; ;  funicle  joints  oval,   with  long  hairs 

G.  (12)  Bruchophagus,   n.  g. 

Postmarginal  vein  longer  than  the  stigmal  ;  abdomen  subglobose,    petiole  longer 

than  posterior  coxa^  funicle  joints  ot  aiitennce  oval,   pilose 

G.  (4)  Systolodes,  n.  g. 

4.  Petiole  of  abdomen  very  short    ° 

Petiole  of  abdomen  long. 

Marginal  vein  not  as  long  as  the  stigmal 5 

Marginal  vein  longer  than  the  stigmal. 

Mesothorax,  unless  otherwise  stated,  more  or  less  umbilicate  punctate. 

Postmarginal  vein  distinctly  longer  than  the  stigmal  ;  funicle  joints  pedunculate 

and  verticillate-pilose. 

Pedicel  not  longer  than  the  first  funicle  joint. 

Metathorax  sloping,  rounded  behind G.  (14)  Isosoma,  Walker. 

Metathorax    quadrate,   abruptly    truncate   behind 

G.  (15)  Isosomorhpa,  n.  g. 

Pedicel  longer  than  the  first  funicle  joint  ;  mesothorax  smooth,  polished    

G.  (16)  Isosomocharis,  n.  g. 

Postmarginal  vein  longer  than  the  stigmal  ;  antennas  slender,  filiTorm,  pubescent: 
abdomen  clavate,  slightly  compressed,  a  little  longer  than  the  thorax  ex- 
clusive of  the  petiole G.  (19)  Aiolomorphus,  Walker. 

5.  Funicle  joints  not  pedunculated,   long,  cylindric,    about  five  times  a',  long  as  wide, 

pilose  ;  mesothorax  umbilicate  punctate G.  (17)  Isosomodes,  n.  g. 

6.  Postmarginal  vein  shorter  than  the  stitjmal,  one-third  the  length  of  the  marginal  ; 

antenme  verticillate-pilose  ;  head  and  prothoiax  shining  anrl  >omewhat  smooth .  .  . 

G.  (18)  Philachyra,   Haliday. 


—44— 

Notes  on  the  CRAMBID^. 

By  Prof.   C.    H.  Ferxald. 

AmliLTst,   Mass. 


I  have  recently  been  making  a  critical  study  of  the  described  species 
of  North  American  Crambidce  preparatory  to  describing  the  unnamed 
species  in  my  collection,  and  take  this  occasion  to  put  some  of  the  re- 
sults on  record. 

In  1813,  Germar  began  the  publication  of  his  "Alagazin  der  Knto- 
mologie"  which  closed  at  the  end  of  the  fourth  volume.  In  the  second 
volume,  published  in  18 17,  Dr.  Zincken  began  his  INIonograph  of  the 
genus  Chilo,  which  included  not  only  the  species  now  placed  under  that 
genus,  but  also  those  under  Cramlnis,  Prionoptcryx,  Ancvloloviia  and 
Schcenobius. 

Germar's  genus  Chilo  has  been  broken  up  by  later  writers,  but  the 
lirst  species  under  it — phragmiteUiis — has  been  retained  and  regarded  as 
the  type  of  Chilo. 

In  the  third  volume,  page  114  (1818),  Zincken  described  a  species 
under  the  name  of  Chilo  Leachellus,  but  stated  that  the  habitat  was  un- 
known. Zeller,  who  saw  this  type,  found  it  to  be  identical  with  speci- 
mens in  his  collection  from  North  America,  and  sent  a  specimen  under 
this  name  to  the  Cambridge  Museum  with  which  I  compared  mine  several 
years  ago,  and  which  I  now  find  to  agree  perfectly  with  the  original  de- 
scription. Zellcr  believed  the  species  to  be  the  same  as  Crmnhus  invohi- 
fellus.  Clem.,  but  in  this  he  was  mistaken,  for  I  have' studied  the  tvpe  of 
(.'lemens'  species  very  critically  and  found  it  quite  disunct  from  that  of 
Zincken. 

In  the  fourdi  volume  of  Germar's  Magazine,  published  in  1821, 
Zincken  pulMished  a  Supplement  to  his  Monograph  of  the  genus  Chilo  in 
which  he  described  seven  North  American  species,  viz  : — sordideUus, 
salrapellns,  prcefcctellus,  decorellus,  Plejadelhis,  tetterellus  and  incerlellus, 
all  of  which  I  have  been  able  to  determine  in  my  collection. 

,     A  carefully  study  of  the  literature  and  types  gives  the  following  syn- 
onomy  of  some  of  the  species  : 

Chilo  decorelhis,  Zincken,  Germ.  Mag.,  IV,  p.  25c  (i 82 1). 

Crambiis  polyac/inelhis,  Kollar  in  lit.  (Zeller,  Chil.  etCramb.),  p.  25, 
(1863). 

Crambus  goodellianus,  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  XII,  p.   17  (1880). 

Crambus  Inmtisculalis,    Hulst,    Tr.   Am.    Ent.    Soc,    XII,    p.    167 
(1886). 

This  species  belongs  to  the  genus  Crambus  as  restricted  by  recent 
authors,  and  should  be  known  by  the  name  of  Crambus  decorellus, 


—45  — 

Zinck.  By  some  slip,  PiXif.  Grote,  in  his  New  Check- List,  has  put  his 
Crambus  goodellianus  as  a  synon\ni  of  C.  Plejadellus,  to  which  it  has  no 
resemblance. 

Chilo  Plejadellus,  Zincken,  Germ.  INIag.  IV,  p.  251  (1821). 

Crambus  Plejadellus,  Zeller,  Chil.  etCramb. ,  p.  26  (1863). 

Diphryx  prolatella,  dole,  Bull.  U.  vS.  Geo.  Sur.  VI,  p.  273  (1881). 

Chilo  oryz.eellus,  Riley,  Rept.  Dept.  Ag-.  for  1881-2,  p.  135  (1882.?). 

This  species  belongs  to  the  genus  Chilo  and  should  be  known  by 
the  name  of  Chilo  plejadellus,  Zinck. 

The  genus  Diphryx  was  established  for  an  imperfect  female  of  this 
species,  but  since  more  perfect  examples  do  not  differ  structurally  from 
the  type  of  Chilo,  the  generic  name  Diphryx  cannot  be  used.  Prof  Riley 
was  led  into  the  error  of  redescribing  this  species,  partly  by  my  inability 
at  the  time  to  say  positively  that  it  was  Grote's  species,  and  partly  be- 
cause Grote  expressed  the  opinion  that  it  was  not  his  species.  Prof 
Riley  states  concerning  this  insect :  "  It  is  in  fact,  as  we  have  always  felt, 
congeneric  with  the  larger  sugar-cane  and  corn-borers  treated  of  in  the 
last  annual  report  of  the  Entomologist  under  the  generic  n-^Lvae.  Dialrcea.'' 
In  this,  Prof.  Riley  is  mistaken,  since  D.  saccharalis,  Fab.,  has  no  ocelli, 
and  the  venation  of  the  wings  is  quite  different  from  C.  oryzLeellus,  Riley, 
which  has  ocelli.  These  differences  have  long  been  considered  of  generic 
value  by  every  worker  on  the  Microlepidoptera. 

Zeller  in  his  Monograph  has  made  many  errors  on  the  synonomy  of 
our  Cramlndte,  and  Grote  was  apparently  led  by  him  into  some  of  the 
same  errors.  The  difficulty  was  in  not  being  able  to  determine  the  spe- 
cies of  Clemens.  C.  involufellus  and  pulchellus  are  not  synonyms  of 
leachellus,  but  o{  prcpfeclcUus. 


Miss  Emily  L.  IMorton,  in  collecting  larv^  of  Lepidoptera  last  year, 
put  a  mixed  lot  in  a  breeding  box.  Among  others  emerging  afterwards 
in  the  imago  form,  was  Aletia  argillacea,  Hb.,  the  cotton  worm.  As 
beyond  a  penadventure  none  of  the  larvae  Avere  taken  from  the  cotton 
plant,  it  may  be  considered  proved  beyond  question  that  the  larva?  feed, 
in  the  North  at  least,  upon  one  food  plant  other  than  cotton. 

* 
A  novel  exhibibition  has  during  the  last  month  been  given  to  the 
people  of  New  York  and  vicinity.  Mr.  Neumoegen,  of  the  Brooklyn 
Society,  has,  as  is  well  known,  an  unrivalled  collection  of  Native  and 
Exotic  Lepidoptera.  This  has  been  on  exhibition  at  the  Eden  Musee 
and  has  excited  a  very  great  deal  of  interest  in  the  city. 


-46- 

Biograhy  of  Acontia  delecta,    Walker. 
By  Archibald  C.   Weeks. 


The  larvce  (four  in  number)  were  taken  when  nearly  full  grown, 
during  the  first  week  of  Sejitember,  18S4;  feeding  upon  the  Hibisrns 
moscIieii/os,l^.,  (Rose  Mallow),  on  the  meadows  bctrdering  the  interior 
of  the  Long  Island  beach. 

Upon  reaching  home  they  were  placed  on  mallow  leaves,  the  stems 
of  which  were  inserted  in  a  glass  ink-well  filled  with  very  moist  earth. 
They  fed  voraciously  and  on  the  second  day  after  capture  spun  in  the 
earth  at  the  base  of  the  stems  cjval  cocoons,  two-fifths  of  an  inch  in  length 
and  firmly  coated  with  clav. 

These  were  exposed  to  the  normal  temperature  and  kept  thoroughly 
moist,  until  July  5th,  of  the  following  year,  when  two  of  the  imagines, 
(^  and  9,  appeared,  reproducing  the  brilliant  coloration  of  the  larva — 
the  black,  irregular,  metallic  L  upon  the  white  ground  of  the  primaries, 
with  angle  at  the  inner  margin,  contrasting  strongly  with  the  pale  safiYon, 
margined  with  a  darker  shade,  of  the  secondaries — the  maculatron  above 
being  roughly  and  faintly  pictured  beneath. 

The  following  is  a  description  of  the  larva  : 

Length  i'/^  inches. 

Head  and  first  segment  smaller  than  remainder  of  body.  Head  rounded,  some- 
what flattened  on  the  sides,  broader  at  bottom  than  at  top,  strongly  cleft  at  summit, 
ground  color  dirty  white,  mouth  parts  black  ;  ground  color  enclosing  a  triun_;ular 
black  space  in  front  ;  Ijottom,  middle  and  summit  of  eyes  with  black  spots,  .--ometiaics 
confluent ;  eyes  with  exceedingly  minute  sparse  hairs. 

Body  cylindrical,  considerably  enlarged  anteriorly  on  the  3rd  and  4th  segments. 
Ground  color  dark,  purjile.  (Jn  all  segments  a  subdorsal  line  of  black  st)0t>,  strongly 
edged  with  orange,  especially  on  the  middle  segments.  On  the  3rd  and  4ih  segn•|enI^, 
directly  below  the  1st  subdorsal  line,  appears  a  and  double  line  of  black  spots  in 
pairs,  each  pair  joined  and  mchided  by  an  oval  orange  patch.  On  each  of  the  oiher 
segments  are  two  other  spots  directly  behind  the  first  subdorsal.  These  are  edged 
with  orange,  especially  in  front,  and  more  conspicuou.dy  on  the  middle  segments. 
The  black  spots,  especially  at  the  middle  segments,  have  a  slightly  tuberculous  ten- 
dency, and  from  each  of  them  a  single  short  minute  black  hair  projects,  barely  visible 
to  the  naked  eye.  There  is  also  a  row  of  sublateral  patches,  white  anteriorly,  oraii-e 
posteriorly,  broadest  behind  and  narrowing  towards  the  front,  each  patch  containing 
from  3  to  7  irregularly  located  and  varying  velvety  black  dots.  The  ist  and  and 
pair  of  anal  legs,  are  wanting.  The  larva  is  consequently  geometriform,  and  has  the 
geometriform  mode  of  progression.  The  fore  legs  are  black  with  whitish  orange 
towards  the  base.  Anal  legs  orange  on  the  outside,  their  color  being  confluent  with 
the  lateral  patch -except  in  last  pair.  Anal  legs  somewhat  projecting  behind.  A 
cluster  of  5  or  6  minute  hairs  projects  horizontaUy  and  directly  above  and  between 
the  anal  claws.  Tlie  rows  of  subventral  black  dots  nearly  correspond  as  to  position 
M'ith  the  subdorsal  but  want  color  ;  from  each  dot  hairs  similar  to  subdorsal  project. 


—47— 

The  larva  seems  to  have  no  fear  of  parasites,  exposing  itself  freely 
in  the  centre  of  the  upper  side  of  a  leaf  in  hot  sunshine  and  in  full  view. 
It  is  not  readily  seen  however,  and  its  immunity  is  partially  due  perhaps 
to  its  resemblance  to  the  twisted  irregularly  bent  and  withered  petals  of 
the  mallow  fallen  after  separation  from  the  calyx,  such  resemblance  being 
increased  by  the  contorted  posture  assumed  by  the  larva  and  the  facility 
with  which  it  rolls  off  the  leaf  when  the  plant  is  jarred. 

The  species  would  seem  to  be  single  brooded — the  imago  appearing 
in  the  latter  part  of  June  or  early  part  of  July,  and  shortly  thereafter  the 
fertile  female  ovipositing  upon  tl]e  mallow,  the  larvas  attaining  full  size 
and  pupating  during  the  latter  part  of  August  or  first  of  September. 

It  appears  to  be  of  rather  infrequent  occurance,  inasmuch  as  many 
of  our  large  local  collections  are  without  a  specimen.  Its  rarity,  aside 
from  its  single  brood,  is  undoubtedly  caused  l)\'  the  precarious  situation  of, 
so  far  is  known,  its  solitary  food  plant,  which  exposes  the  insect  in  all 
stages  of  its  existence  to  the  destructive  submergence  and  action  of  the 
tides. 


Prof.  Fernald  is  appointed  Entomologist  to  the  Agr.  Experiment 
Station  of  Mass.  He  will  hold  this  office  in  addition  to  his  Professorship 
at  Amherst,  and  will  have  assistants  to  aid  in  the  work  of  the  Experiment 
Station.      ]\Iassachusetts  is  to  be  congratulated    in    having  so  w^orthy  a 

person  in  this  position. 

*  * 
* 

Mr.   O.    Lugger  of  Baltimore,   now  one  of  Prof  Riley's  assistants, 

has  been  called  to  the  University  of  Minn,    to   take  charge  of  the  State 

Museum  of  Natural  History.      A  better  selection  could   not  have  been 

made,    as    Mr.    Lugger    has   a   wide   knowledge   in   the  general  field,  of 

Natural  History  and  in  Coleoptera  is  a  specialist. 

* 

Dr.  Packard  expects  to  publish  in  June  a  work  entitled  "  Entomo- 
gy  for  beginners."  It  will  be  illustrated,  a  work  of  from  300  to  400 
pages,  i2™o  size.  It  will  contain  full  directions  for  collecting  and  pre- 
serving insects,  for  dissecting  them  and  making  microscopical  prepara- 
tions. Also  lists  of  works  on  the  general  subject  and  special  lists  for 
each  order. 

It  promises  to  be  a  w^ork  of  very  great  usefulness   as  it   must  be  of 

necessity  of  very  great  merit. 

*  * 
* 

Mr.  C.  R.  Gillette  of  Lansing,  Mich.,  has  been  appointed  Ento- 
mologist to  the  Iowa  Agr.  Experiment  Station. 


-48- 


A  Note  on  Chanopterus,  Boh. 
By  Geoege  H.    Horn,   M.  D. 


This  genus  was  founded  by  Bobeman  (Eugenies  Resa  Ins.  p.  98) 
on  the  heteromerous  coleopter  collected  at  the  Straits  of  Magellan.  It  is 
about  .3  inch  long,  brown  or  piceo-teslaccous  in  color,  shining.  Mv 
attention  was  called  to  it,  more  especially,  by  its  resemblance  in  form  to 
^gialitcs,  although  larger  and  differently  colored.  Through  the  kind- 
ness of  Mr.  Chas.  O.  Waterhouse  a  specimen  was  given  me  from  the 
collection  of  his  father,  in  which  it  boic  the  wwxnsd  Chitoniscus  hrevipcnnis, 
probably  unpublished. 

In  studying  the  species  more  closely,  it  was  found  that  Chanopterus 
had  comparatively  little  in  common  with  /Egialites.  The  anterior  coxal 
cavities  are  widely  open  behind,  removing  it  from  any  relationship  with 
the  TenebriomdcB.  The  head  being  rather  broad  behind  the  eyes  and  the 
thorax  without  distinct  lateral  margin  the  affinities  are  decidedly  in  the 
direction  of  the  i\Ichiiidrvi(Lc  and  PythicLe,    to  the  latter  more  especially. 

At  this  time  it  is  not  necessary  to  discuss  the  propriety  of  retaining 
the  two  cited  families  as  distinct  but  I  have  already  expressed  the  opinion 
that  there  is  not  that  fundamental  difference  in  structure  which  should 
separate  families. 

Chanopf ems  paradoxus  was  placed  by  Boheman  in  the  Tenebrionide 
tribe  Helopini.  As  the  insect  was  unknown  in  nature  to  Lacordaire  he 
merely  mentions  it  in  the  supplement  to  the  fifth  volume  and  the  Munich 
Catalogue  adds  no  further  opinion. 

From  the  study  at  present  given,  it  seems  an  undoubted  Pythide,  as 
the  family  now  stands,  and  while  not  closely  related  to  either  of  the  tribes 
proposed  by  Lacordaire  it  seems  most  nearly  allied  to  Lalpingus  although 
forming  a  tribe  apart. 


Mr.  J.  B.  Smith's  Monograph  of  the  Sphingidce  is  in  press  and  will 
be  ready  for  publication  at  no  remote  date.  It  will  be  published  by  the 
Am.  Ent.  Soc.  It  will  be  the  most  exhaustive  and  valuable  work  on  die 
subject. 

* 

Clarence  M.  Weed  has,  we  are  informed,  been  appointed  Ento- 
mologist for  the  State  of  Ohio  with  headquarters  at  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Mr.  Hy.  Edwards  is  hard  at  work  on  a  bibliography  of  the  adolescent 
stages  of  Lepidoptera,  and  as  we  are  informed  expects  to  complete  the 
same  some  time  during  the  Summer. 


—49— 

Notes  on  Geometridae.     No.    4. 

By  Geo.   D.    Hulst. 

Antepione  imitata,    Hy.    Edw.,   Papilio,    vol.   II,    p.    48. 

Dr.  Packard  has  raised  ,in  Maine,  on  Alder,  a  specimen  of  this  in- 
sect, and  with  the  intergradauons  taken  in  various  parts  of  the  countr)-, 
it  must  be  regarded  as  variety  of  .-J.  sulphuraia,  Pack. 

Aplodes  coniferaria.  Pack.,  Am.  Nat.,  vol.  XVIII,  p.  933. 

By  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Packard  I  have  the  type  of  this  species.  It 
is  a  small  form  of  .1.  inimosaria,  Guen. 

Eugonia  magnaria,  Guen.,   Phal.,  I,  147- 

Since  publishing  the  note  ( Knto.  Am.,  II,  49),  slating  that  the 
American  ditiers  frum  the  European  species  in  venation,  I  have  seen  an 
ardcle  by  Mr.  P.  C.  S.  Snellen  of  Rotterdam,  Holland,  calling  attention 
to  the  fact  that  the  American  also  differs  from  the  European  species,  in 
that  it  has  but  one  pair  of  spur^  on  the  lund  tibix%  while  the  European 
hAS  two  pair  of  spurs.  Mr.  Moeschler,  speaking  of  this  fact,  does  not 
seem  to  think  it  gives  a  valid  basis  for  specific  distinction,  inasmuch  as 
some  of  the  Acidalia;  vary  thus  in  the  same  species.  But  I  am  inclined 
to  think  Mr.  Moeschler"s  opinion  is  hardly  to  be  allowed.  I  do  not 
know,  nor  have  I  been  able  by  correspondence  to  ascertain,  that  any 
Geometer,  in  the  same  sex,  has  from  a  single  batch  of  eggs  been  bred, 
some  specimens  having  a  different  number  of  spurs  on  the  hind  tibiae 
from  others.  As  far  as  I  can  learn,  the  determination  of  specific  identity 
is  made  on  the  basis  of  the  identity  of  the  two  forms  in  size,  coloration, 
food  plant  and  perhaps  larval  history.  But,  though  in  every  other  respect 
two  insects  were  alike,  and  differed  only  in  the  number  of  spurs,  I  would 
not  hesitate  to  consider  them  distinct  species.  The  spur  is  an  important 
structural  character,  and  its  presence  or  absence  is  marked  by  a  very  im- 
portant modification  of  the  tibia  in  all  cases  where  I  have  made  examina- 
tion. If  further  observation  verifies  what  has  been  stated  concerning 
E.  autumnaria  and  E.  magnaria,  these  species  will  have  to  be  considered 
generically  as  well  as  specifically  distinct. 

Acidalia  hepaticaria,  Guen.,  {rubromarginata,  Pack.),  Phal.  I,  47- 

Of  this  species  6yc/(?/-/<7  e'r>'//^;7^/£^,  Hulst,  Brookl.  Bull,  111,42,    is  a 

varietv.     The  variety  is  the  deep  uniform  reddish  form  in  which  the  lines 

are  very  indistinct  or  not  at  all  evident.      It   seems   to   be   the  prevailing, 

perhaps  the  only  form  in  Colorado. 

Lepiodes  {Tomos)  interruptaria,  Grt.,   Can.  Ent.,  XIV,  185. 
I  was  quite  a  little  suprised  some  time  since  on  receiving  some  Gco- 
7)ieiri(he  from  Dr.  Packard,  to  find  that  one  labelled   Etipithecia  Behren- 
sa/a,  Packard,  was  the  same  as   the   above   insect.     Dr.    Packard's  nam 


has  priority  over  Mr.  Grote's,    so   the  species,    till  some   further  light  is 
shed  on  genera,  may  stand  Lepiodes  Behrensata,  Pack. 

Exelis  pyrolaria,   Guen.,   Phal.,    I.   324. 

This  insect  has  remained  unidentified  in  American  collections  since 
the  time  it  was  described.  After  a  study  of  tlie  description  of  genus  and 
species,  I  am  convinced  the  insect  is  none  other  than  Lepiodes  (Tornos) 
approximaria,  Pack.  The  species  till  the  hoped  for  light  on  genera  comes 
may  be  known  as  Exelis  pyrolaria,  Guen.,  and  may  be  catalogued  next 
to  Lepiodes. 

Mecoceras  peninsularia,  Grt. ,   Pap.,   Ill,    79. 

I  am  unable  to  see  how  this  can  be  separated  from  the  common 
tropical  insect  Mecoceras  Nitocritaria,  Cram. 

Cleora  pulchraria,  Minot.  (Proc.  Post.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  XIII, 
170,  1869.) 
Dr.  Packard,  in  the  5th  Report,  Peab.  Acad.  Sci. ,  p.  84,  tells  us 
after  an  examination  of  Walker's  types  in  the  British  Museum  that  this 
insect  is  the  same  as  ^//c/rrt/>w  i'tw/Zc/wi^rr/c/,  Walker,  (C.  B.  M.  Geom., 
p.  1506,  1862),  and  AspUates  canosaria.  Walker,  (C.  B.  M.  Geom., 
p.  1675,  1862).  Dr.  Packard  does  not  correct  the  synonomy  in  his 
Monograph  but  the  name  must  be  Cleora  seniicliisaria,  Walker. 

Boarmia. 

The  species  of  this  genus  are  very  difficult  to  determine.  The  typical 
forms  are  quite  distinct,  but  the  species  are  generally  variable.  I  have 
carefully  examined  Mr.  Groies  species,  so  far  as  I  have  the  types,  viz  : — 
pulmonaria,  dataria,  grisearia,  separafaria,  obliquaria,  and  rufaria.  Se-- 
parataria  is  possibly  the  male  oi  pulmonaria;  grisearia  is  very  close  to, 
yet  distinct  from,  crepuscularia  ;  obliquaria  is  very  close  indeed  to  guiti- 
quelineana,  Pack.  ;  ru/aria  is  only  a  color  variety  in  my  opinion  of 
obliquaria  ;  dafaria  is  scarcely  distinct  specifically  from  pampinaria.  I 
think,  notwithstanding  the  closeness  of  some  of  the  species,  it  is  wise  to 
let  them  stand  as  they  are,  till  we  have  more  light,  as  it  is  as  yet  impos- 
sible to  tell  how  permanent  slight  differences  may  be. 

Eubyia  quernaria,  .^b.  c'c  Sm.,   Lep.  Ga.,  11,  205,  pi.  103. 

CJf  this  species  PJ.  pcB7iulaiaria,  Grt.,  is  at  best  a  variety.  And  Synop- 
sia phigaliaria,  Guen.,  although  regarded  by  Guenee  as  belonging  to  a 
different  genus,  is  undoubtedly  entitled  to  no  more  than  varietal  stand- 
ing. Mr.  Bolter  has  a  specimen,  which  is  the  counterpart  of  Guen^e's 
figure,  but  it  is  only  a  form  of/:',  quernaria. 

What  relation  E.  cupidaria,  Grt.,  has  to  this  species  I  am  unable  to 
say,  but  I  am  very  decidedly  of  the  opinion  that  it  will  prove  to  be  the 
(^.      In  the  specimens  before  me,    5  (^(^,  3   9  9)    "^^^''^  '^  ^'^''J  ""^uch 


—51  — 

variation  in  color,  but  in  all  the  males  the  black  median  cross  line  of  the 
hind  wings  is  very  much  straighter  than  in  the  females.  In  one  male  it 
is  exactly  as  in  the  figure  of  ctipidana,—\.\\^\.  is,  somewhat  rounded  m- 
wardlv.  The  females  are  in  their  lines  quite  uniformly  after  one  pattern, 
the  males  quite  uniformly  after  the  other.  E.  nicxicanaria,  Gn.,  Trans. 
Kans.  Acad.  Sci.,  VIII,  51,  I  have  very  little  doubt  is  a  form  of  this 
same  species.  Indeed,  Mr.  Grole  seemed  in  his  description  to  l)e  more 
than  half  convinced  of  this,  and  as  well  of  the  opinion  expressed  above 
that  his  ctipidan'a  was  the  male  o'i  (jiiernaria. 

Phigalia  olivacearia,  Morr.,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  XVI,  200. 
With  several  specimens  before  me  having  labels  in  Mr.  Morrison  s 
handwriting,  I  am  quite  strongly  of  the  opinion  that  this  species  is  not  a 
synonym  o'i  s/n'gatana,  Minot.  The  two  are  very  easily  separated  and 
the  differences  seem  to  be  consiani.  Olivacevia  is  more  even  and  silky 
in  vestiture  and  has  an  olivaceous  shading.  The  hind  wings  are  much 
lighter  and  show  but  one  indistinct  line,  straighter  than  the  corresponding 
line  in  strigataria,  antl  are  less  angulated  at  the  anterior  angle,  and  as 
compared  with  the  inner  margin  of  the  fore  wings  the  hind  wings  are 
shorter.  The  lines  of  the  fore  wings  are  less  distinct,  the  median  line  is 
at  costa  nearer  the  basal  than  the  outer  in  olivacearia,  but  is  nearer  the 
outer  in  slrigataria.  In  olivacearia  the  median  line  at  costa  turns  out  and 
forms  an  angle  just  below  costa  ;  in  s/riga/aria  it  is  curved  In  olivace- 
aria the  outer  line  at  costa  is  curved  with  a  black  tooth  at  lower  point  ; 
in  s/riga/aria  it  is  nearly  straight  and  at  length  angulated.  In  o/ivaceana 
the  outer  line  near  inner  margin  is  generally  confluent  with  the  median 
line  and  is  loosely  straight,  in  s/riga/aria  it  is  rarely  confluent,  and  just 
before  the  inner  margin  forms  an  even  arc,  concave  outwardly.  In  o/ivac- 
earia  the  female  is  much  smaller,  and  the  wings  are  not  more  than  half  as 
long  being  not  quite  as  long  as  thorax,  while  in  s/riga/aria  they  reach  to 
the  second  abdominal  segment.  P.  cine/aria,  French,  is  probably  a 
^yxxonymoi  P.  s/riga/aria,  WmcA.  It  was  described  from  one  O,  and 
the  description  applies  entirely  to  females  of  s/riga/aria,  which  in  coK  r 
have  quite  a  little  variation. 

Anisopteryx  vernata.  Peck,  Mass.  Mag.,  Oct.  1795,  323.  415- 
Dr.  Packard  argues  at  some  length  that  Harris  made  a  mistake  in 
describing  A.  pome/aria,  stating  that  he  redescribed  the  insect  originally 
described  by  Peck.  Dr.  Packard  gives  the  name  au/umna/a  to  the  species 
that  he  thought  undescribed.  Mr.  Mann,  Proc.  Post.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist., 
XV,  382,  and  Can.  Ent.,  VIII,  164,  siiows  that  Harris  did  not  redescribe 
Peck's  vcrna/a.  It  seems  to  me  the  two  species  stand  Anisop/eryx  verna/a, 
Peck,  and  A.  pome/aria,  Harris,  with  A.  au/umna/a.  Pack.,  as  a  synon\m 
of  the  latter. 


—  52  — 

Book   Notices. 

Revision  of  the  Species  of  Lachnosterna  of  America  North  of  Mexico,  by 

George  H.   Horn,  M.  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.    1887,  vol.  14,  pp.  209—296, 
I  plate. 

This  paper  by  Dr.  Horn  is  a  very  timely  one.  The  species  oi Lack- 
nostenia  had  become  hopelessly  mixed  in  collections,  and  it  was  unsafe 
to  rely  upon  determinations  anywhere.  The  local  abundance  of  some 
species — their  variability  in  color  and  size,  and  the  similarity  of  the  species 
proved  a  fertile  source  of  confusion.  A  few  species  are  well  marked,  and 
recognizable  under  all  circumstances — leaving  these  all  guides  were  lost. 
Dr.  Horn's  paper  makes  it  possible  to  move  more  safely.  Still  withal 
the  group  is  not  an  easy  one,  and  requires  tact  as  well  as  fair  series  to 
make  identification  certain.  As  in  so  many  cases,  the  male  characters 
afford  good  bases  for  specific  distinction  while  the  lemales  often  closely 
resemble  each  other.  Dr.  Horn  as  usual  gives  very  good  synoptic  tables 
and  in  all  cases  sufficiendy  minute  descriptions.  In  Lachnosterna  as 
here  used,  Dr.  Horn  includes  Trichestes  Erichs. ,  Ancvlonycha  Blanch., 
Tuslegoptera 'Ql-^nch. ,  Eiigas/ra  Lee,  Endrosa  \^tc. ,  and  (ryw/w  Lee. 
The  number  of  species  is  increased  to  81,  and  for  the  benefit  of  those 
who  may  not  have  access  to  Dr.  Horn's  paper,  and  as  a  guide  to  an  ar- 
rangement of  the  species,  we  give  a  copy  of  the  list  of  species. 

LACHNOSTERNA,  Hope. 
GROIP    I. 

1.  lanceolata  Say.      Kansas  to  Texas. 

GROUP   n. 

2.  cribrosa  Lee.     Texas. 

vefi/ricosa  Lee. 

3.  sequalis  Lee.     Texas. 

4.  farcta  Ztr.     Texas. 

GROUP   in. 

5.  torta  Lee.      Texas. 

6.  hamata  Horn.      Texas. 

GROUP    IV, 

7.  latifrons  L^ee.      Fla. 

8.  generosa  Horn.      Texas. 

9.  prselermissa  Horn.      La. 

10.  prununcLilina  Burtn.      Ga.,  Fla, 

eerasina  Lee. 

11.  glaberrima  ^/rtwc/?.      Pa.  to  Fla. 

12.  ephilida  Say.      Can.  to  Fla..  Tex,  ; 

uniforinis  Blanch. 
hurmeisteri  Lee. 


—53- 


»3- 

S4. 


longitaisus  Sqv. 

frontalis  Lee. 
Clemens  Horn. 

dispar  \  Lee, 

dispar  Burm, 
d-cbilis  Lee, 


GROUP    V. 

Ills,  to  Kans.,  Mont.,  N,  Me.x, 
Fla, ,  Te.v. 


GROUP    VI, 


Fla 


;i6. 


GROUP    VII, 

Can.  to  Tex,,  N.  C 


Can,  to  Va.,  N.  K  States  to  Kans. 


19. 

20. 
21. 
:22. 


21. 

24. 


25, 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29, 


JO- 


gracilis  Burm. 

t'olviila  Lee. 

i)mna  Lee. 
gibbosa  Burm. 
fniilis  ^  Lee. 

serricornis  Q  Lee. 
hirtiventris  Horn.      Texas, 
eongrua  Z^c.      Mo. ,  Kans. ,  Tex. ,  La, 
postrenia  Horn.      Fla, 
affinis  Lee.     Kans.,  Col,  Ind.  T, ,  Tex. 
piunina  L<;c.     Ohio  and  Mich,  to  Kans.,  Tex,,  Ala, 

pruinosa  li  Mels. 

fraiej-na  \  Burm. 

ealceata  Lcc.     Tex, 


erassissima  Blanch. 

obesa  Lee. 

robusta  Q  Lee. 
subpruinosa  Case}'. 


GROUP    VIII, 
GROUP    IX. 

Kans.  to  Tex, 


Fla, 


errans  Lee.     Or.,  Cal,,  Nev. 

inversa,  Horn.     Ky.,  Ills.,  Kans.,  Neb.,  Tex. 

bi partita  ZTtfr^,     Kans.,  La.,  Tex. 

micans  Knock.     Mass.  to  Mo,  and  to  Ga.  and  La. 

sorroria  Q  Lee, 
diffinis  Blanch.      Fla.,  Ky. 
vehemens  Horn.      Kans. 

fusca /v-a-///.      Huds,  Bay  to   N.  Ga. ,    thence  north-westerly  to 
N.  Cal. 

qiiercina  Knoch. 

/erven s  Gyll. 

fervida  |  Oliv. 

var.  consimilis  (^  Lec. 


37 


_54— 

var.  anxia  9  Z^c. 
hrevicollis  Blanch. 

va?-.  puncticollis  Blanch, 
var.  drakii  Kirby. 
race  cephalica  Lee. 
uninotata  Walker. 
'i)'^.    politula  Horn.      (loc.  .?) 
barda  Horn.      N.  Car. 
marginalis  Lee.      N.  Y,  to  Wise,  and  Ills- 
spreta,   Horn.      Md.,  la. 
fraterna  Harr.      Me.  to  la.  and  N,  Cair. 
var.  cognaia  Bunn. 
var.  forsteri  Burm, 
lugubris  Lee. 
lutescens  Lee. 

var.   semieiibrata  Lee. 

38.  infidelis  Horn.      Ga.,  Fla. 

39.  luctuosa  Horti.     So.  Car.  to  Fla.  and  La, 

40.  eorrosa  ZtT.      Ills,  and  Tex. 

41.  %c\i\x\a,  Horn.     Tex. 

42.  knoehii  Gyll.      Mass.  to  Ga. 

43.  profunda  Blanch.      Tex. 

44-   rugosa  Mels.     Mass.  to  Col,  to  N.  Car.  and  Texas. 

GROUP    X. 

45.  hirsuta  Knoch.      Mich,  to  N.  Car. 

46.  comans  7?«/-w.      Ga,,  So.  Car.,  Fla. 

sorroria  ^  Lee. 
decidua  Lee. 
rnfiola  9  Lee. 

47.  implicita  Z^or«.     Can.  to  Mo.,  Nebr. ,  La. 

48.  balia  Say.     M.  States  to  Ills. 

CO  ma  la  Burm. 

49.  villifrons  L,ec.      Can.,  Pa.,  Ills.,  la. 

hirticeps  9  Lee. 

50.  limula  Horn.      H.  B.  Terr.,  Mont.,  Col.,  Utah,  Ills. 

51.  nitida  Z^6\     Ga. ,  Pa. 

GROUP    XI. 

52.  hirticula  Ktioch.     Atl.  region  to  Nebr.  and  Texas. 

hirsuia  \  Sa\'. 

53.  deleta  Horn.     Ky. 

54.  ilicis  Knoch.     N.  Y.,  to  Ga.  and  Ills. 

porcina  Hentz. 


—55— 

fimbriata  Burm. 
stibfotisa  Lee 
var.  i  lie  is  Burm. 

55.  ciliala  Z>c.     Wise,  Ills.,  Mo.,  Ga. 

GROUP    XII. 

56.  a?mula  Horn.      Ga. 

57.  7i\c\.?i  Horn.      Texas, 

58.  cienulata  Frwhl.     Mass.  to  Sa  Car.,  to  Kans.  and  Ind.  Terr. 

georgicana  Gyll, 

59.  albina  j9«;v;/.     Ind.,  Miss. 

60.  vetula  Horn.      Ariz. ,  N.  Me.x, 

61.  rubiginosa  Z^c.     Kans,,  Tex, 

62.  parvidens  Z^c.      Ga.,  Fla.,  (Texas.?). 

GROUP    XIII, 

63.  submucida  Lee.     Texas. 

64.  glabricula  Lee.     Kans.,  Texas, 

65.  fucata  Horn.      Ariz. 

66.  exorata  Horn.      Texas. 

GROUP    XIV. 

67.  ignava  Horn.     Tex,  N.  Mex. 

68.  longicornis  Blanch.     An  sp.  Am.  .? 

GROUP    XV. 

69.  quercus  Knock.      Middle  States  to  Ga, 

fervida  \  Schonh. 

70.  inepta  Horn.      Ohio, 

71.  affabilis  Horn.      Kansas. 

72.  cl\ peata  ZTo/-;/.      Ga. ,   Fla. 

integra  II  Lee. 

73.  boops  Horn.      Ga. 

74.  eeostata  Horn.     Texas. 

GROUP    XVI. 

75.  crinita  Burm.      Texas. 

glabripennis  Lee. 

76.  tristis  Fabr.      U.  S.  generally. 

pilosicollis  Knoch. 
crinita  \  Lee. 

77.  lenis  Horn.      Ariz.,  So.  Cal. 

GROUP    XVII. 

78.  heterodoxa  Horn.      So.  Ariz. 

GROUP    XVIII. 

79.  tusa  Horn.     Tex. 

80.  maeulicollis  Lee.     Lower  Cal, 

81.  nitidula  Z^c.      Lower  Cal. 


-56- 

Finally,  not  as  a  fault,  but  as  an  unavoidable  omission    we  call  attention 
to  the  fact  that  dates  of  appearance  are  not  given. 

It  is  to  be  regretted  that  collectors  generally  do  not  date  their  cap- 
tures, and  of  course  a  monographer  of  species  so  widely  distributed  can 
not  know  when  his  material  was  collected.  But  just  in  this  genus  the 
matter  is  of  interest.  As  a  rule  the  species  are  not  uncommon,  and 
sometimes  very  abundant.  Observations  made  by  several  entomologists 
indicate  that  the  species  relieve  each  other — i.  e.  appear  successively, 
though  a  few  will  have  a  long  life  and  overlap.  I  have  noted  that  crenii- 
lata  appears  later  \k\z.w  fusca  and  hirticula  and  has  but  a  short  life.  In 
one  season  all  my  captures  were  confined  to  one  week.  Ilicis  is  also 
short-lived  in  my  experience,  while  hirticula  extends  over  a  considerable 
period  of  time,  and  is  abundant. 

It  will  be  a  valuable  addition  to  knowledge  if  collectors  would  note 
dates  of  first  appearance,  of  greatest  abundance,  and  of  last  capture.  It 
is  not  only  of  interest  as  bearing  on  life  history,  but  as  an  aid  to  identi- 
fication, as  when  dates  of  appearance  do  vary,  the  date  of  capture  may 
indicate  the  probable  species  at  once.  Then  too  the  food  plants  of  the 
imago  differ.  Oaks  are  most  commonly  attacked,  but  I  have  never  taken 
rrsnulaki  anywhere  but  on  blackberry  flowers. 

If  our  readers  would  preserve  these  data  and  send  them  to  Ento. 
Am.  for  publication   it  would  be  a  positive   advance  of  our  knowledge. 

The  collection  of  the  Nat'l  Museum  contains  now  much  more  than 
half  of  the  described  species,  and  we  should  be  glad  to  get  series  from  all 
localities,  in  return  for  Avhich  we  will  identify  the  form  sent,    if  desired. 

John  B.   Smith. 
* 
Twenty-two  common  Insects  of  Nebraska.      By  Conway  McMillen,  M.  A. 
University  of  Nebraska,   Bull,   of  the  Agr.   Experiment  Station  of  Nebraska,  Vol. 
I,   No.  2,  Article  II,  pp.  i  — loi.     January,    1888. 

This  pamphlet,  of  recent  issue,  is  so  far  as  we  are  aware,  the  first 
Report  made  by  any  of  the  recent  appointees  as  Entomologist  to  the 
State  Agricultural  Experiment  Stations,  aided  by  Congressional  appro- 
priations, and  if  the  other  gentlemen  have  the  same  idea  of  their  office, 
it  is  to  be  devoutly  hoped  it  is  the  last  as  well.  The  work  is  purely  and 
simply  a  compilation  principally  from  the  Reports  of  the  U.  S.  Entomo- 
logist, the  Entomological  Commission,  and  the  Reports  on  the  Ins.  of 
]\Io.  Lintner,  Packard  and  Thomas  have  all  been  laid  under  contribu- 
tion to  produce  a  superficial  and  imperfect  history  of  the  species  treated  of. 
By  far  the  greater  number  of  species  have  been  very  fully  treated  in  the 
U.  S.  Gov't  Reports  and  this  brochure  is  simple  a  poor  abstract  paid  for 
a  second  time  out  of  the  same  pocket.     The  figures  used  in  the  work  are 


—57— 

borrowed  from  Riley's  Reports  in  almost  every  instance— certainly  none 
are  original.  There  is  no  evidence  that  any  of  the  Insects  are  now,  or 
are  likely  to  be  injurious  in  Nebraska,  and  the  matter  seems  to  have  been 
produced  merely  to  fill  space.  For  an  agricultural  newspaper,  in  answer 
to  complaints  received  the  articles  are  good— as  the  publications  of  an 
Experimeni  Station  they  are  entirely  absurd. 

As  stated,  Mr.  McMillen  does  not  record  a  single  original  observa- 
tion, yet  he  states  that  all  have  been  carefully  verified,  and  the  inference 
from  the  context  is  that  he  himself  has  verified  them.  It  need  only  be 
mentioned  that  he  records  the  result  of  the  work  of  a  number  of  careful 
and  scientific  observers  for  a  long  series  of  years  to  show  that  that  is  im- 
possible. Phylloxera  alone  would  require  more  time  to  veny]'  than  the 
Experiment  Stations  have  been  established  and  also  would  require  a  high 
grade  of  skill  in  a  trained  observer. 

Of  course,  as  a  compilation  from  the  best  sources  no  criticism  can 
be  made  of  the  matter  so  far  as  scientific  accuracy  is  concerned.  Mr. 
McMillen  as  an  Entomologist  is  entirely  unknown  to  us— so  far  as  we 
are  aware  it  is  his  first  appearance ;  it  is  to  be  hoped  his  future  work  will 
be  of  a  different  class. 

So  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  learn,  a  large  proportion  of  the  State 
E.xperiment  Stations  have  now  appointed  Entomologists — in  most  in- 
stances men  who  as  such  are  absolutely  unknown  ;  who  have  had  no 
Entomological  training  whatever,  and  whose  knowledge  is  measured  by 
what  they  can  find  in  Packard's  Guide.  Many  of  them  may  do  excellent 
work  nevertheless  and  we  only  hope  that  they  will  not,  simply  to  print 
something,  follow  Mr.  McMillen's  example  and  reprint  the  work  of  others 
in  such  shape  as  to  suggest  it  is  at  least  partially  their  own,  to  those  who 
know  nothing  of  the  sources  drawn  from. 

Note  by  the  Editor. 

The  above  critique  is  not  editorial  nor  do  we  entirely  agree  with  its 

sentiment. 

The  Hatch  Bill  says  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Experiment 
Stations  "  to  conduct  original  researches  or  verify  experiments."  But 
the  first  and  the  all  important  object  of  the  Hatch  Bill  is  "to  aid 
in  acquiring  and  diffusing  among  the  people  of  the  United  States  use- 
ful and  practical  information  on  subjects  connected  with  Agriculture." 
And  with  this  in  view  every  source  of  knowledge  is  properly  made  use  of. 
Every  means  of  destroying  insect  enemies  must  be  brought  to  the  atten- 
tion of  the  people.  The  government  may  have  already  paid  for  the 
knowledge,  but  the  knowledge  has  never  generally  reached  the  people  : 
and  if  the  Experiment  Stations  accomplish  this  end,  the  money  used  for 
this  purpose  is  not  by  any  means  wasted.      Of  course  due  credit  must 


-58- 

always  be  given  to  the  one  from  whom  knowledge  is  obtained,  but  one 
can  hardly  think  the  new  State  Entomologists  have  no  right  for  example 
to  recommend  the  use  of  Paris  Green  for  destroying  the  Potato  Beetle, 
because  another  discovered  that  it  would  easily  and  cheaply  accomplish 
that  end,  and  this  knowledge  is  therefore  not  the  result  of  their  original 
research. 

Our  understanding  is  that  under  the  Hatch  Bill  Entomologists  are 
to  diffuse  knowledge  among  the  people — how  to  arrest  and  prevent  insect 
ravages  ;  and  in  connection  with  this  verify  experiments,  and  make  ori- 
ginal researches,    that  if  possible  the   old    may    be    bettered,    and    new 

methods  of  protection  discovered. 

*  * 

Proceedings  of  the    Entomological    Society   of  Washington,  D.  C,  Vol.   1, 
No.  2. 

We  have  received  a  copy  of  the  above  and  are  free  to  give  it  un- 
stinted praise.  It  is  a  report  of  the  minutes  of  the  meetings  of  the  Wash- 
ington Society,  but  in  this  case  the  report  is  of  very  great  value.  In  con- 
nection with  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  the  National  Museum, 
a  large  number  of  excellent  specialists,  some  of  them  among  the  best, 
have  been  brought  together.  They  all  have  scientific  ability,  are  all 
trained  observers,  and  the  reports  of  the  meetings  are  a  history  in  part  of 
their  investigations  and  opinions.  By  necessity  the  information  is  of  very 
great  value  and  every  student  will  read  these  Proceedings  with  delight  and 
profit.  G.    D.    H. 


A   New  Species  of  Hyparpax. 

By  Ed.  L.  (jraef. 
Hyparpax  aurostriata,  n.  sp. 

Shape  and  size  of//,  aurora,  Abb.  &  Sm.  Anteriors,  thorax  and  abdomen  dirty 
wliite  yellow  spiinkled  uniformly  with  pink.  The  transverse  anterior  line  runs 
parallel  to  outer  margm  to  the  middle  of  the  wing,  thence  bifid,  the  inner  one  run- 
ning to  anterior  margin  forming  almost  a  right  angle,  the  anterior  curving  sharply 
toward  the  apex.  Secondaries  dull  yellow  white  ;  traces  of  the  pink  scales  especially 
along  the  outer  margin.  Beneath,  all  the  wings  same  color  as  secondaries  with  scales 
of  pink  densest  at  the  margins  and  toward  the  apex. 

This  species  I  have  often  found  in  collections  labeled  H.  aurora  and 
by  many  collectors  supposed  to  be  that  species  or  a  variety  of  it.  I  have 
received  more  than  a  dozen  specimens  from  Texas  and  they  are  all  of 
this  form  and  constant.  H.  aurora  is  a  totally  different  species.  Abbot 
and  Smith's  figure  agrees  perfectly  with  the  form  found  in  the  Atlantic 
States.  In  H.  aurora  the  primaries  are  pale  yellow,  basal  patch,  costa  and 
exterior  margin  bright  pink. 

From  II  J^J^  and  2  9  9-     Te.xas. 


—59— 

Notes  on  Life  History  of  Scopelosoma  moffatiana,  Groie. 
By  R.    F.   Pearsall. 

Some  larva  of  this  species  were  taken  early  in  June  in  the  Catskill 
region,  feeding,  mostly  at  night,  on  the  leaves  of  the  Witch  Hazel  {Hatna- 
melis  virginica).  When  not  feeding,  during  the  day  they  lie  curled  up  on 
the  under  side  of  the  leaf.  None  were  taken  previous  to  the  first  moult 
and  no  change  was  apparent  in  coloration,  at  any  subsequent  moult. 

Description. --Zrtri/rt.— Length  full  grown  1.45  in.;  smootl^  Head  smooth, 
glassy  semitransparent.  Each  segment  above  is  chalky  white,  becoming  translucent 
between  the  segments  and  traversed  through  the  centre  with  a  pale  lemon-yellow 
band.     Feet  and  underparts  dirty  white. 

When  full  grown,  which  is  after  the  fourth  moult,  it  goes  down  in 
the  ground  and  under  some  convenient  piece  of  moss,  generally  a  moist 
place,  forms  a  small  cell  which  is  Uned  with  a  gummy  secretion,  spending 
the  Summer  in  the  larval  state. 

About  September  ist  my  specimens  changed  to  pupte  which  were 
7,  inch  long,  shining  bright  brown  and  quite  active,  the  casing  being 
very  thin.  Imagos  appeared  from  Sept.  25th  to  Oct.  5th,  and  have  been 
already  described,  presenting  but  little  variation  except  in  depth  of  color- 
ing. From  their  late  appearance  I  am  inclined  to  think,  that  they 
hibernate  in  this  state,  laying  their  eggs  in  the  Spring,  presumably  upon 
the  leaves. 


Books  and  Pamphlets  received  during  April  1888. 


Naturae  novitates,  Nos.  6,   7  and  8,   188S, 

Bulletin  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Belgium,  No.   97. 
Proceedings  of  the  California  Academy  of  Science,  Vol.  II,  No.  8. 
Entomologisk  Tidskrift,    1887,  4  parts. 

Bulletin  of  the  Natural  History  Society  in  Vienna,  Parts  3  and  4. 
Psyche,  No.    144. 

Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol.  XX'  No.  4. 
Journal  N.  Y.  Microscopical  Society,  Vol.  IV,  No.  2. 
Journal  of  Microscopy,  April,    1888. 
Scientific  Inquirer,  Vol.  Ill,   No.  28. 
Prairie  Farmer  for  April,  1888. 
.Notes  on  the  species  of  Euerythra  and  Callimorpha,  by  John  B.  Smith. 
from  the  Author. 


Society  News. 

The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  met  in  S?engerbmid  Hall,  May  1st, 
1888.     Thirteen  members  present. 

The  Special  Committee  appointed  to  confer  with  the  Brooklyn  Institute  concer- 
ning the  terms  upon  which  the  Society  might  become  a  branch  of  the  Institute  re- 


-~l 


p-orted  and  presented  a  definite  v/ritten  offer  on  the  part  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute, 
The  offer  was  in  summary  as  follows : 

The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  shall  become  the  Entomological  Depart- 
ment of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  ;  its  regular  members  becoming  associate  members  of 
the  Institute  without  payment  of  initiation  fee  ;  its  honorary  members  becoming  cor- 
responding members  of  the  Institute  •,  its  life  members  becoming  life  members  of  the 
Institute  ;  its  President  becoming  a  member  of  the  Council  of  the  Institute.  The 
Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  shall  retain  its  present  form  of  organization  and  by- 
laws, have  its  own  treasurer,  retain  for  its  own  use  all  its  present  property  and  funds, 
or  any  specially  donated  to  it  in  the  future  ;  have  the  use  of  the  membership  fees  of 
all  members  of  the  Institute  connected  with  its  department,  have  from  the  Institute 
rooms,  light  and  fuel  free,  have  the  right  to  continue  the  publication  under  its  owr> 
name  of  its  Journal  of  Entomology.  This  offer  holds  good  if  the  Brooklyn  Entomo- 
logical Society  surrender  its  charter,  or  if  it  choose  to  retain  it,  but  in  either  case  no 
rule  or  by-law  of  the  Society  shall  conflict  with  those  of  the  Institute, 

On  motion  action  upon  this  communication  was  laid  over  until  the  next  regular 
meeting  to  be  held  June  5  th  and  the  Secretary  was  instructed  to  give  notice  of  the 
matter  to  all  the  members. 

Mr.  Heinrich  Ries  was  proposed  for  membership,  and  ananimously  elected  a 
member  of  the  Society. 

Mr.  Henry  Ulke  of  Washington  was  unanimously  elected  an  honorary  member. 

There  was  a  discussion  of  certain  habits  of  ants,  and  also  upon  certain  specimens 
of  insects  exhibited,  illustrating  in  part  their  life  history. 


Entomological  Society  of  Washington.  May  3rd,  1888.  Eleven  members 
present.  Mr.  C.  H.  T,  Townsend  was  elected  Corresponding  Secretary  vice  Mr.  O, 
Lugger,  resigned. 

An  abstract  of  Mr.  Schwarz's  paper,  presented  at  the  previous  meeting,  was  read 
to  open  discussion. 

Dr.  Fox  thinks  the  rules  stated  by  Mr.  Schwarz  too  strict  for  the  spiders.  They 
do  not  seem  to  be  nearly  so  well  limited  in  distribution  as  the  Coleoptera. 

Mr.  Smith  gave  a  brief  leview  of  some  parts  of  the  Lepidopterous  fauna  of  this 
district,  and  stated  the  distribution  of  a  number  of  species  which  with  the  same  ap- 
parent origin  have  spread  further  north.  He  decidedly  agrees  with  Mr.  Schwarz  in 
excluding  all  discordant  material  in  this  district  from  our  Fists. 

Dr.  Marx  reviewed  the  spiders  collected  by  Mr.  Schwarz— 26  species,  but  one  of 
which  is  sub-tropical.  The  others  are  nearly  all  found  in  the  Soutiiern  States 
generally,  Ceiitrurus  biaaileatiis,  found  by  Mr.  Schwarz,  has  a  wide  distribution, 
being  found  also  in  South  America  and  in  Africa. 

Mr.  Schwarz  estimates  his  Coleoptera  captured  at  250 — 300  species,  with  few  ex- 
ceptions truly  sub-tropical.  Dr.  Merriam  has  informed  him  that  the  distribution  of 
the  sub-tropical  avifauna  agrees  perfectly  with  his  experience  in  the  Coleoptera. 

Judge  Johnson  and  Mr.  Mann  also  spoke  briefly  on  the  same  subject. 

Mr.  Smith  gave  the  characters  and  affinities  of  Cydosia,  which  he  finds  to  be  a 
true  Arctiid  closely  allied  to  Ceraihosia.  He  also  gave  some  notes  on  the  habits  of 
Lachnosterna  as  observed  by  him. 

Dr.  Marx  showed  the  figure  of  an  abnormal  scorpion,  and  of  a  Lycosa  in  which 
the  middle  row  of  eyes  had  disappeared. 

Mr.  Howard  exhibited  some  plates  from  Mr.  Scudder's  "  Butterflies  of  New 
England,"  showing  figures  of  the  genitalia  of  some  species. 

Mr.  Smith  says  there  is  no  explanation  to  these  plates— had  some  of  the  figures 
been  presented  to  him  without  a  statement  where  they  belonged,  he  would  have  un- 
hesitatingly have  referred  them  to  the  SphingidiC.  He  knows  nothing  of  the  Butter- 
fly structure  on  this  point,  but  has  examined  nearly  every  family  in  the  Hetcrocera, 
to  none  of  which  the  Sphingids  bear  so  marked  a  similarity  as  they  do  to  the  forms 
illustrated  on  this  plate.  J.  B.  Smith,   Sec'y. 


VOL,  lY. 


BROOKLYN,  JULY,  1888, 


NO,  4. 


Early  Stages  of  some  North  American  Moths. 

By  Henry  Edwards. 


Sphinx  Elsa,  Strecker. 

Full  grozun  larva. — Pale  apple  green,  each  segment  with  numerous  minute  raised 
tubercles,  yellowish,  surrounded  by  a  red  ring,  giving  rather  a  roughened  appear- 
ance to  the  insect.  On  the  6  posterior  segments  is  an  oblique  stripe  of  reddish  brown, 
edged  posteriorly  with  pale  yellow.  The  stripes  on  the  last  2  segments  become  con- 
fluent at  the  base  of  the  caudal  horn,  which  is  unfortunately  wanting  in  the  specimen 
before  me.  Mouth  parts,  feet  and  legs,  purplisli  brown. 
Length  70  mm.  Width  10  mm. 
From  an  inflated  specimen  prepared  by  Mr.  f.  Doll. 

Saturnia  Galbina,  Clemens. 

Egg- — Depositt-^d  in  an  irregular  mass,  cream  color,  slightly  flattened  at  the  sides, 
very  glossy.  Before  the  emergence  of  the  young  larva  the  largest  circumference  of 
the  egg  becomes  bright  chestnut  brown,  the  larva  eating  a  circular  hole  through 
which  to  escape. 

Yoit7ig  larva.— VAdicV,  sparsely  covered  with  long  fawn  colored  hairs.  Head 
very  large,  glossy.      (Died  2  days  after  emeigeiice.) 

Cocooti.~Y orxw^A  of  fine  network,  white,  the  outer  case  also  of  net  work,  but  tlie 
meshes  much  larger  and  coarser.  The  silk  of  which  it  is  composed  is  stout  and 
strong.  The  pupa  is  hardly  visible  through  the  cocoon.  Length  45  \\\m.  Width 
20  mm. 

Pupa.  — 'iiovX,  short.  Head  case  rounded  in  front,  the  color  fawn-drab,  with 
the  edges  of  the  wing  cases  and  the  posterior  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments 
brown.  The  whole  surface  is  rugosely  punctate.  Spiracles  and  cremaster  brov.-n. 
Length  25  mm.     Width  12  mm. 

Coloradia  Pandora,   Blake. 

£gg- — Very  large  for  the  size  of  the  imago,  round,  almost  globular,  brownish  in 
color  and  mixed  largely  with  the  hairs  irom  the  abdomen  of  the  parent.  A  gummy 
secretion  is  supposed  to  be  deposited  with  the  eggs,  as  they  adhere  very  firmly  to- 
gether. 


—62  — 

Clisiocampa  fragilis,  Stretch. 

Cocoon.  —The  cocoon  of  tliis  species  \i  more  delicate  and  finer  in  texUii'e  ihan  any 
other  of  tlie  L;enus.  It  is  pure  white,  very  closely  spun,  narrow,  and  is  attached  at 
the  sides  to  two  or  three  steins  of  gra~s  oi-  other  plants  which  may  be  convenient,  and 
being  generally  free  from  any  impuriiijs,  it  is  cjuite  a  pretty  object.  I  have  never 
taken  the  species  except  upon  the  sides  of  iMt.  Davidson,  Nevada.  I  believe  the  larva 
feeds  on  a  species  of  Cm/ipositir,  allied  to  Bi^i^c-ioTia.     Leni^th  25  mm.    Width  12  mm. 

Sphingicampa  4  lineata,  G.  &  R. 

Pupa.  -  In  shape  very  like  that  oi  Auisota,  but  comparatively  a  little  longer.  It 
is  pitchy  black  throughout,  the  junction  of  the  abdominal  segments  a  little  paler. 
The  entire  surface  is  very  rough,  and  covered  with  minute  raised  spines.  On 'the 
posterior  margin  of  the  last  5  abdominal  segments  is  a  row  of  raised  teeth,  and  a 
similar  row  on  the  anterior  margin  of  «// the  segments.  These  extend  entirely  around 
the  body.  On  the  top  of  the  first  segment  behind  the  head  case  are  two  raised 
shining  large  black  tubercles.  The  cremaster  is  very  long  bifurcate,  and  extremely 
rough.     Length,  includnig  cremaster,  54  mm.     Width  16  mm. 

Citheronia  Mexicana,  G.  l\:  R. 

/■///rz.- Scarcely  distinguishable  trom  that  of  C.  rcgalis,  except  that  it  is  much 
smoother,  and  the  spn-a.les  much  larger  in  size.  They  are  also  raised  considerably 
above  the  surface  ot  the  segments.      The  cremaster  is  also  smooth  at  its  tip. 

Hyperchiria  Pamina,  Neumoegen. 

Larval  Stages. — After  jrd  moult.  —  Ground  color  of  the  dorsal  region,  pitchy 
black.  On  the  dorsum  are  4  slightly  waved  cream  colored  stripes,  extending  from 
the  base  of  the  head  to  the  anal  segment,  and  of  equal  width  throughout.  The 
lateral  region  bears  a  broad  cream  colored  stripe  uneven  on  its  edges  and  enclosing 
some  lengthened  cuneilbrm  patches  of  a  reddish  brown  shade,  faintly  spotted  with 
dull  orange.  Each  segment  bears  a  bunch  of  much  branched  tubercular  spines,  jet 
black,  those  of  the  anterior  segments  the  longest.  The  ventral  region  is  dull  brown, 
with  broad  diffused  central  stripe  of  cream  color.  Head  black,  mouth  parts  tawny. 
Prolegs  black,  abdominal  legs  dull  reddish.     Length  35  mm.     Widtli  6  mm. 

After  4th  moult. — The  ground  color  has  now  become  pale  buff,  each  segment 
dorsally  bearing  4  black  waved  streaks.  The  subdorsal  region  is  broadly  black,  with 
a  buff  ovate  patch  on  each  segment.  Laterally  the  color  is  now  much  brighter,  hav- 
ing changed  to  a  dull  crimson  shade  below  the  spiracles.  Sitb-ventral  region  black, 
with  red  markings  and  a  broad  central  stripe  of  dull  buff.  The  bases  of  the  bunches 
of  spines  are  now  cream  color.     Length  48  mm.     Width  8  mm. 

Full gro'vn  larva.  — Iha  whole  of  the  dorsal  and  sulxlorsal  regions  are  now 
bright  bufT,  the  black  stripes  on  the  upper  surface  reduced  to  mere  lines,  which  are 
slightly  waved,  and  inclined  to  be  confluent.  In  front,  and  at  the  sides  of  the  5th, 
6th,  7th,  8th,  9th  and  loth  segments  is  a  broad,  triangular  red  patch,  followed  by  a 
black  line.  The  spiracles  are  cream  color,  and  the  space  below  them,  immediately 
above  the  base  of  the  legs  is  broadly  black,  and  a  red  patch  on  the'  alnterior  and 
posterior  edge  of  each  segment,  and  many  yellowish  irrorations  scattered  over  the 
surface.  Ventral  region  dull  yellow,  with  a  cream  colored  central  stripe.  Head 
olivaceous.  Legs  all  black,  with  the  tips  red,  the  anal  plates  also  ot  the  latter  color. 
The  tips  of  the  branched  spmes  only  are  black,  the  rest  being  a  bright  buff".  Length 
75  mm.     Width  10  mm. 


-63- 

NOTES    ON    LEPIDOPTERA. 

By  Henry  Edwards. 


Gluphisia  Tearlei. 

I  (iiid  that  I  made  a  great  mistake  in  placing  this  species  under  the 
genus  G/iip/iisia,  and  1  hasten  to  correct  my  error.  The  original  speci- 
men was  taken  1)\-  my  fiieiul  Osmond  Tearle,  at  Lake  Tahoe,  California, 
and  was  in  verv  poor  condilion,  having  lost  its  antenna^  part  of  one  fore- 
wing,  the  fore  legs,  and  a  portion  of  the  abdomen.  I  saw  at  once  how- 
ever, that  it  was  a  new  sf)ecies.  and  so  described  it,  placing  it  where  I  then 
thought  it  belonged.  Tlie  receipt  of  some  examples  in  excellent  condi- 
tion, both  (j^  and  9>  f^""^^'"  Mr.  McGlashan,  ofTruckee,  proves  to  me 
quite  conclusively  that  it  is  a  Noctuid,  allied  to  Thyaiira  or  more  nearly 
to  Bombvcia,  Hliliner,  in  which  latter  genus  it  will  for  the  present  find  its 
place.      It  must  therefore  be  known  as 

Bombvcia  Tearlei,    H}'.  Edw., 

=  Gluphisia  Tearlei,  Hy.  Edw.  (in  error). 

Calledapteryx  dryopterata,  Grote. 

I  took  6  examples  of  this  beautiful  little  moth  near  Corona,  L.  I., 
last  August.  They  were  all  at  rest  on  the  leaves  of  Poison  Ivy  {Rhus 
toxicodendrum)  and  were  found  within  the  area  of  a  few  yards,  being 
probably  all  members  of  one  brood.  Their  mode  of  sitting  upon  the  leat 
reminded  me  of  the  PlerophoridcB—\he  peculiar  cut  of  the  wing  aiding 
the  illusion.  I  saw  two  other  specimens,  but  they  escaped  me  by  feign- 
ing death  and  dropping  among  the  grass.  The  day  was  very  warm,  and 
the  sun  shone  with  considerable  power  upon  the  shining  leaves  of  the  Rhus. 

Calothysanis  amaturaria,  Packard. 

I  caught  two  si)tcimens  of  this  pretty  species  near  Astoria  in  July, 
sitting  on  leaves  of  Sagi/laria,  in  a  swampy  place.  It  is,  I  believe,  rather 
rare  in  collections. 

Seirarctia  Echo,  Ahh.  &  Sm. 

Two  very  fine  exa;i,plcs  of  this  rare  moth,  (^  and  9)  were  taken  in 
April,  at  Cold  Harlior,   i-'lorida,  by  Mrs.  A.  T.  Slosson. 


The  following  is  not  inapplicable  to  some  of  the  American  College 
collections,  and  even  some  private  collectors  might  take  the  hint : 

T'rofessnr : — How  many  legs  has  an  Insect.? 

Student: — Usually  one  or  tw^o  ;  more  rarely  three  or  four,  and  in  ex- 
ceptional cases  even  five. 

Professor : — What  an  extraordinary  answer  !  Ma}-  I  ask  where  you 
derived  this  mformation  } 

Student: — Yes,  sir  :  by  an  examination  of  the  specimens  in  our 
university  collection.  — Fliegefide  Blcetter. 


-64- 

Larva  of  a  Large  Species  of  HEPIALID^E,  Phassus 
triangularis,   Hy.  luhv.,   from  Vera  Cruz,    Mex. 

By  VVm.   Schaus,   Jr. 

Larva.  —  Length,  4  inches.  Head  large  and  very  powerful,  black,  well  with- 
drawn under  the  second  segment,  which  is  dark  brown,  very  broad  and  hard,  and 
has  a  lateral  depression.  Segments  3  and  4  are  rather  contracted  and  very  hard  in 
texture,  the  3rd  being  dor.^ally  and  laterally  like  old  ivory,  and  the  4th  having  one 
anterior  and  two  posterior  spots  of  the  same  character,  the  three  spots  1  eing  almo.-t 
confluent.  The  rest  of  the  body  is  a  rich  velvety  brown,  and  on  each  se;^ment  to  tb.e 
I2th  IS  a  large  dorsal  ovate  spot,  placed  transversely  and  of  harder  consistency  than 
the  rest  of  the  skin — these  spots  also  being  iv<;ry-yelIow.  On  segments  five  and  six 
each  are  two  small  ivory-yellow  dorsal  spots  posterior  to  the  larger  ones.  Between 
all  the  spot-  the  skin  has  numerous  transverse  folds.  Laterally,  behind  the  stigma 
on  each  segment  is  a  small  round  ivory  spot,  and  below  it  an  ivory  line.  Last  seg- 
ment entirely  velvety  brown.  The  prolegs  are  very  powerful  and  thick,  and  ivory- 
yellow.  Underneath  on  segments  five  and  six  are  sevei  al  s|)ots  of  the  same  hard 
formation  and  color  as  those  of  the  upper  surface,  and  the  abdominal  legs  which  are 
very  short  and  also  ivory -yellow. 

The  larva  bores  a  hole  of  great  length  (nearly  3  feet)  and  ustially 
quite  into  the  roots  of  the  tree,  so  that  in  some  instances  which  have 
come  under  my  observation,  nothing  was  left  but  the  bark  of  the  root 
between  the  larva  and  the  earth.  The  outlet  is  generally  very  near  the 
ground,  and  is  covered  over  with  all  the  matter  thrown  out  from  the  gal- 
lery made  by  the  larva  combined  with  a  silky  substance,  the  two  together 
forming  a  pulpy  inaterial,  which  hardens  on  exposure  to  the  air,  and  be- 
comes tough  in  its  nature.  Before  changing  to  a  pupa  the  larva  spins  a 
silky  lid  which  exactly  fits  the  opening  of  the  gallery,  and  is  firmly  at- 
tached only  at  one  point.  By  raising  this  lid,  one  can  see  at  a  glance 
whether  or  not  a  larva  or  pupa  is  to  be  found,  for  the  creature  remains 
close  to  the  outlet,  but  if  once  disturbed,  it  rapidly  descends  to  some 
safer  portion  of  the  gallery,  only  returning  when  the  danger  has  passed 
away.      The  pupa  is  nearly  as  active  in  its  movements  as  tlie  larva. 

I  regret  that  1  could  not  discover  the  .scientific  name  of  the  food 
plant,  which  is  a  low  tree  extremely  abundant  in  the  "  Tierra  templada  " 
of  the  State  of  Vera  Cruz,  and  is  known  to  the  Mexicans  as  "  Guzanillo" 
or  Maggot  tree,  owing  to  the  frequency  with  which  the  larvae  of  the 
Hcp/a/i  zxQ  found  in  it.  The  moths  emerge  between  3  and  5  in  the  aftei- 
noon,  but  common  as  are  the  larvae,  1  never  took  the  imago  on  the  wing, 
my  specimens  being  all  obtained  by  breeding. 


Mr.  Samuel  Henshaav  is  now  engaged,  under  the  direction  of  Pruf. 
Riley,  on  the  Bibliography  of  Economic  Entomologw  The  task  is  an 
herculean  one,  and  not  particularly  interesting  though  undoulitedly 
valuable.      Mr.  Henshaw  has  our  sympathv. 


-65- 

A  Proposed  Classification  of  the  Hemiptera. 

Bv  William   H.    Ashmead. 
Jacksonville,   Fla. 


F()r  nearly  ten  years,  the  wriier  has  made  the  Hemiptera  the  object 
of  special  study,  and  below  is  submitted  for  the  consitleration  of  those 
interested  in  these  pungent  insects,  a  proposed  arrangement  of  the  Divi- 
sions and  Families  recognized,  in  accordance  wiih  what  is  conceived  to 
be  their  natural  affinity  and  natural  sequence,  based  on  evolutionary  law. 

Whether  or  not,  the  arrangement  be  accepted,  it  is  believed  that  the 
student  will  find  the  analytical  tables  useful  and  valuable. 

It  will  also  be  observed  that  the  Pcdiailida;,  by  some  authorities 
classified  with  the  mites  Acarina,  are  included  among  the  Heteropiera  ; 
although  some  systematists,  while  classifjing  them  as  hemipterous,  con- 
sidered them  to  rank  as  a  suborder  under  the  name  Parasitica. 

This  arrangement,  I  have  not  followed,  for  the  reason  they  seem  to 
me,  to  be  too  closely  related,  in  habits  and  structure,  to  the  heteropterou.s 
families  Polyctenidce  and  Cimicidce,  to  justily  their  separation. 

In  general  appearance,  too.  they  so  closely  resemble — in  a  remark- 
able degree — the  immature  forms  in  the  homopterous  family  Coccidte. 
that  they'  very  naturally  bridge  the  chasm  separating  the  Homoptera  from 
the  Heieroptera,  ?iX\A  afford — by  placing  them  at  the  head  of  the  Heterop- 
iera, as  has  been  done  —the  presentation  of  a  natural  cc>n.^ecutive  sequence 
of  all  the  hemipterous  families 

Before  giving  the  characters  for  sejiarating  the  divisions  and  families 
of  the  Hemiptera,  it  may  be  advisable  to  show  the  position  and  rank  it  is 
believed  that  this  order  should  occupy  in  any  natural  scheme  of  arrange- 
ment of  the  so-called  orders  of  insects,  based  on  evolutionary  law. 

I  believe  that  the  class  Insecta,  or  those  expressions  of  life  classed  by 
Zoologists  as  such — animals  breathing  through  trachece — is  represented 
to-day  by  two  groups  that  came  into  existence  in  two  distinct  ways,  being 
evolved,  the  one  from  the  Crustacea,  the  other  froin  the  Vermes,  which 
may  be  disdnguished  by  the  following  very  simple  character : 

Insects  with  antenna; Cerata  m 

Insects  without  antennte Acerata  in 

The  first  group,  or  Cerata,  originated  from  a  crustacean  ancestor 
and  is  represented  to-day  by  the  Myriapoda,  Thysanura,  Orthoptera. 
Neuroptera,  Lepidoptera,  Coleoptera,  Hemiptera,  Diptera,  and  Hytnemp- 
tera  ;  while,  the  second  group  or  Acerata,  evolved  from  an  ancestral 
worm-like  form,  is  represented  by  the  Z///_^'-/w/«/?'«c7,  Tardigrada,  A  carina, 
Pedipalpi  and  Arachnida. 


-66— 


The  simple  character  given  above — with  or  without  antennae — will 
enable  any  one  to  place  at  a  glance  any  insect  in  its  proper  group.  The 
^vou^s  Pedicu/ina,  Mallophaga  and  Physopoda  {—  Thysanoptera,  Hal.), 
therefore  belong  naturally  to  the  orders  originally  assigned  them  by  Bur- 
meister :  the  former,  on  account  of  their  promuscidate  mouth,  go  with 
the  Hemiptera  \  and  the  two  last,  on  account  of  their  mandibulate  mouth 
and  active  pupa,  go  with  the  Orthoptera. 

Tlie  following  diagram,  will  demonstrate  the  relative  position,  that 
»  it  is  believed  the  different  orders  should  occupy  in  a  natural  scheme,  and 
it  may  be  well  to  compare  it  with  a  similar  one,  in  the  "Third  Report  of 
the  U.  S.  Entomological  Commission,"  page  295,  to  see  how  different  is 
our  conception  of  a  natural  arrangement,  from  that  entertained  by  its 
learned  author,  Dr.  A.  S.  Packard. 

INSECTS  GENEALOGICAL  TREE. 

Hymenoptera         Arachnida 


Lepidoptera 


Diptera  Pedipalpi 


-.         I  Coleoptera     ^.-       1 

Neuroptera  1  Hemiptera 


Orthoptera 


Thysanura 


Myriapoda 


Acarina 


CERATA 


Tardigrada 


Linguatuiina 

— |acerataj 


CRUSTACEA 

VERMES 

A  classilication  is  at  once  demonstrated  to  be  either  good  and 
natural,  or  false  and  artificial  ;  and  its  merits  are  soon  recognized. 

The  good  and  natural  is  accepted  ;  the  false  and  artificial  eliminated 
(»r  rejected. 

It  is  not  thought  advisable,  therefore,  at  this  time,  to  enter  into  the 
merits  or  demerits  of  the  many  different  classificatory  schemes  proposed 
for  the  arrangement  of  the  Heiniptera ;  they  are  familiar  to  all  students 
and  nothing  is  ever  accomplished  by  such  discussions. 

The  following  is  our  proposed  arrangement  of  the  Divisions  and 
Families  : 


ORDER    HEMIPTERA. 

Mouth  promuscidate  ;  metamorphosis  incomplete. 

SUBORDERS. 

Winijs  uniformly  membranous  or  horny Suborder  1,   HOMOPTERA. 

Front  wings  basally  horny,  aiii.-aily  membranous  ;  hind  win'.,'s  memhranou-. 

Suborder  II,   HETEROPTERA. 

Suborder  I,  HOMOPTERA. 

TABLE  OF  DIVISIONS. 

Beak  issuini^  from  the  inferior  part  of  the  head    

Div.  I,  AUCHENORHYNCHA,   A.  et  S. 

Beak   apparently  issuing   from    the    sternum 

Div.  II,  STERNORHYNCHA,  A.  et  S. 

Division  I,  AUCHENORHYNCHA,  Amyot  et  Serville. 

TABLE  OF  THE  FAMILIES. 

Front  wings  most  frequently  opaque  or  parchment-like;  hind  wings  membranous     2 
All  wings  most  frequently  membranous  or  horny,  strongly  areolated. 
*Ocelli   3  on   the  vertex  ;  antennae    setiform,    placed    between    the   eyes  ;  thorax 

nwrmal  :  fore  femora  thickened,  toothed  beneath  ;  males  musical 

Fam.  I,   Cicadidae. 

**Ocelli  most  frequently  2,  usually  placed  beneath  the  eyes  or  in  hollow  cavities  in 

in  the  cheeks,  a  3rd  ocellus  sometimes  on  the  front  ;  antennae  always  placed 

beneath  the  eyes  ;  frons  often  produced,  carinated. . .    Fam.  II,   Fulgoridse. 

***Ocelli  2  on  the  crown  ;  antennse  between  the  eyes  ;  thorax  abnormally  developed, 

usually  completely   covering   the  scutellum  ;    legs   foliaceous,    prismatic    or 

rounded   Fam.  Ill,   Membracidae. 

2  Thorax  normal  ;  ocelli  2,    seldom   absent ;  antenna;  setiform,   placed   between  the 
eyes. 

■f-Qcelli  always  placed  somewhere  on  the  vertex Fam.  IV,  Cercopidae, 

If  Ocelli  always  on  the  frons  and  below  the  superior  margin 

Fam.  V,  Bythoscopidae. 

tf-f-Occlli  in  front  of  the  eyes  on  the  rounded  edgeof  the  superior  margin,  but  never 

on  the  vertex Fam.  VI,  Jassidae. 

Division  II,   STERNORHYNCHA,  Amyot  et  Serville. 

TABLE  OF  THE  FAMILIES. 

Tarsi  i  -jomted ^ 

Tarsi  2-jointed. 

Beak  3-  or  4-jointed  ;  wings  most  frequently  membranous. 

Antennte  lo-jointed  ;  abdomen  without  honey  tubes Fam.  VII,   Psyllidae 

Antennae  3-  to  7-jointed  ;  abdomen  frequently  with  honey  tulies 

Fam.  VIII,   Aphidids 

Beak  2-jointed  ;  wings  opaque,  farinose Fam.  IX,  Aleurodidx 

2  Males  with  only  2  wings,  seldom  apterous  ;  females  always  apterous,  mite  like 
antennre  6-  to  11 -jointed  ;  and  all  the  species  reach  maturity  under  waxy  secre 
tions,  filamentary  down  or  in  galls Fam.  X,  Coccidae 


—68— 

Suborder  II,  HETEROPTERA. 
TABLE  OF  DIVISIONS. 

Posterior  coxct  acetabiilate,  rotating,  with  no  femoral  grooves 

Div.  I,  TROCHALOPODA,  Schiodte, 

*Claws  terminal, Subdiv.  I,   GEODROMICA,   A-hmead. 

**Claws  superposed    Subdiv.  II,   HYDRODROMICA,  Ashmead. 

Posterior  coxk  hinged,   provided  with  temoral  grooves 

Div.  II,   PAGIOPODA,  Schiodte. 
fAntenntis  always  plainly  visible    ..    ..  Subdiv.  I,   GYMNOCERATA,  Ashmead. 

ttAntennit  hidden  under  cavities  of  the  head 

Subdiv.  II,  CRYPTOCERATA,  Ashmead. 

Division  I,  TROCHALOPODA,  Schiodte. 

Subdivision  I,  GEODROMICA,  Ashmead. 

ANALYTICAL   TABLE  OF  THE  FAMILIES. 

Winged  :  or  if  wingless  with  ocelli  and  always  with  a  jointed  beak 2 

Wingless,   ocelli  wanting. 

Beak  not  jointed  ;  anterior  tarsi  2-jointed   Fam.  XI,  Pediculidae. 

Beak  jointed. 
*AntennK  short,  4Jointed,  last  joint  fusiform  ;  beak    4-jointed  ;  anterior  tarsi 

3-jointed Fam.  XII,  Polyctenidae. 

** Antenna;  long,  last  joint  long,  setiform  ;  clypeus  triangular 

Fam.  XIII,  Cimicidae. 

2  Beak  reposing  in  a  groove 3 

Beak  not  reposing  in  a  groove. 

Elytra  composed  of  a  single  piece,  the  membrane  not  being  separated 

Fam.  XIV,  Ceratocampidae. 
Elytra  composed    of  coritim,    clavus,    embolium,    cuneus   and  membrane,    seldom 

wanting  ;  clypeus  elongated  ;  beak  3-  or  4-jointed,  tarsi  2-  or  3-jointed 

Fam.  XV,  Anthocoridae. 

3  ?ore  legs  raptorial  ;  or  then  body  surrounded  with  foliaceous  plates 4 

Fore  legs  not  raptorial  ;  tarsi  2-jointed. 

fElytra  with  reticulated  nervures  ;  third  antennal  joint  normal  ;  body  very  flat.  . 

Fam.  XVI,  Aradidae. 

tfElytra  strongly  areolated,  frequently  vitreous  ;  third  antennal  joint  abnormally 

lengthened;  thorax  strongly  vesiculose  or  carinate.  .Fam.  XVII,  Tingitidas. 

4  Body  often  high,  most  frequently  angulate  ;  elytra  with  remose  nervures  ;  terminal 

antennal  joint  longest  and  thickest,   fusiform Fam.  XVIII,  Phymatidse. 

Body  very  flat,  surrounded  by  foliaceous  plates  or  scales  ;  scutellum  reaching 
nearly  to  the  top  of  the  abdomen .  .      .  .Fam.  XIX,  Phloeidae. 

Body  most  frequently  elongated,  elongate  oval  or  linear  ;  scutellum  small  triangu- 
lar or  wanting  ;  while  the  antennre  excepting  in  the  family  Ncpidci:.,  are  plainly 
visible  throughout  their  entire  length 5 

Body  usually  rounded,  oval,  or  oblong  oval,  convex  or  highly  convex  ;  the   scutel- 
lum always  large,  frequently   covering   the   entire    abdomen  ;  while  the  basal 
joint  of  the  antennae  is  more  or  less  hidden  by  lateral  projections  of  the  head. 
*Scutellum  usually  short,  flat,  triangular,    seldom  lengthened,    sometimes  with  a 
rounded  tip. 
TibiiE  strongly  spined,   or  dilated   Fam.  XX,  Cydnid^. 

**Scutellum  large,  convex,  quite  or  nearly  covering  the  whole  abdomen. 


-69- 

Tibia-  spinous  ;  tarsi  3- jointed Fam.  XXI,  Corimalaenidae. 

Tibia  not  spinous. 

Elytra  folded  ;  tarsi  2-joiiited Fam.  XXII,  Arthropteridae. 

Elytra  straight ;  tarsi  3-jointed Fam.  XXIII,  Scutelleridae. 

***ScuteIlum  flattened,  attenuated,  usually  rounded  at  tip,  or  long  triangular,  but 

not  nearly  covering  the  whole  abdomen. 
Tibia  not  spined  ;  tarsi  2-  or  3-jointed Fam.  XXIV,  Pentatomidae. 

5  Beak  cm  ved  at  base  ;  head  cylindrical  ;  prothorax  with  a  transverse  suture 7 

Beak  nut  curved  at  base  ;  head  not  cylindrical. 

Antenna-  inserted  on  a  line  below  the  eyes 6 

Antenna  inserted  on  a  h'ne  before  the  eyes. 

Membrane  always  with  more  than  five  nervures,  often  numerous. 
*  Legs  not  especially  slender,  most  frequently  thickened,    spined  or  foliaceous  ; 

forms  various '. Fam.  XXV,   Coreidae. 

**Legs  long  and  slender,  femora  clavate Fam.  XXVI,  Berytid^. 

6  Membrane  with  not  more  than  five  nervures. 

With  ocelli Fam.  XXVII,  Lygaeidae. 

Without  ocelli Fam.  XXVIII,   Pyrrhocoridas. 

Membrane  with  one  or  two  cells  ;  no  oceUi Fam.  XXIX,  Capsidae. 

7  Head  separated  from  the  prothorax. 

^Anterior  legs  not  raptorial ;  fore  coxa  not  greatly  lengthened. 

Beak  usually  long,  slender,   4-jointed Fam.  XXX,  Nabidae. 

Beak  usually  short,  stout,  3-jointed Fam.  XXXI,  Reduviidae. 

t;J; Anterior   legs  raptorial;    fore   coxa   greatly   lengthened    .^ 

Fam.  XXXII,  Emesidae 
Head  not  separated  from  the  prothorax. 

Abd-omen    endmg    in    long,    respiratory    caudal    seta  ;  antenna  very  -mall,   3- 

jointed Fam.  XXXIII,   Nepidse 

Subdivision  II,    HYDRODROMICA,  Ashmead. 
Head  inserted  in  prothorax. 

Head  abnormally  lengthened   Fam.  XXXIV,  Hydrometridae. 

Head  not  greatly  lengthened. 

*Ocelli  and  scutellum  present Fam.  XXXV,   Gerrids. 

**Ocelli  and  scutellum  wanting   Fam.  XXXVI,  Velliida. 

Division  II,  PAGIOPODA,  Schiodte. 
Subdivision  I,  GYMNOCERATA,  Ashmead. 

Elytra  areolated Fam.  XXXVII,  Saldidas. 

Subdivision  II,  CRYPTOCERATA,  Ashmead. 

Body  boat-shaped,  supinate 2 

Body  depressed,  prone. 

Legs  not  natatorial ;  ocelli  present. 

Eyes  pedunculate Fam.  XXXVIII,  Galgulids. 

Legs  natatorial  ;  ocelli  wanting. 
Scutellum  large. 

Abdomen  without  strap-like  caudal  seta Fam.  XXXIX,   Naucoridae. 

Abdomen  with  strap-like  caudal  seta Fam.  XL,   BelostomidEe. 

Scutellum  invisible  or  minute. 

Head  overlaps  prothorax Fam.  XLI,  Corisidae. 

2  Head  inserted  in  prothorax  ;  legs  natatorial Fam.  XLII,  Notonectidae. 


—70— 

The  Faunal  Limits  of  the  United  States. 
By  Geo.   D.    Hulst. 

As  the  result  of  the  collections  and  observations  of  Mr.  E.  A.  Schwarz 
in  Southern  Florida  last  year,  there  has  been,  if  we  judge  from  the  reports 
of  their  meetings,  considerable  discussion  among  our  Washington  Ento- 
mologists on  the  above  subject.  The  opinion  seems  to  h3,ve  almost  un- 
animously prevailed  that  the  Fauna  of  Southern  Florida  ought  to  be  cre- 
dited to  the  West  Indies,  rather  than  the  United  States. 

There  is  little  probability  however  that  this  course  will  ever  be  carried 
out  in  the  making  up  of  our  Faunal  Lists,  ist,  from  a  sort  of  patriotism 
people  regard  their  country  as  a  unit  and  cherish  all  that  is  of  their  own 
country  ;  and  as  a  consequence,  nothwithstanding  the  vast  reach  of  our 
country,  very  few  Americans  there  are,  who  are,  even  in  the  sense  of  tak- 
ing the  great  divisions  of  the  country,  local  collectors.  Southern  Florida 
will  have  its  place  as  American  in  our  collections  and  must  go  in  our 
lists.  2nd,  Faunal  boundaries  are  so  artificial  and  irregular  that  natural 
limitations  ought  to  be  taken  even  though  they  do  not  wholly  correspond 
with  the  facts  of  the  case.  Thus  the  White  Mountains  of  New  Hamp- 
shire and  the  high  Rockies  and  Sierras  ought  to  have  their  insects  credited 
to  our  Fauna  and  so  put  in  our  lists,  though  they  are  essentially  Arctic. 
And  thus  in  the  future  as  in  the  past,  the  Florida  Straits  will  probably  re- 
main to  be  the  Southern  boundary  line  of  our  Fauna.  3rd,  It  may  be 
questioned  whether  Southern  Florida  is  essentially  tropical.  It  may  be 
a  fact  that  the  majority  of  the  species  are  connected  with  the  Tropics,  but 
it  may  be  properly  inquired,  is  this  comparativelv  the  truth.  It  is  possible 
that  it  may  have  half  the  species  found  in  New  England,  and  while  a 
majority  of  its  species  are  found  in  the  West  Indies  it  may  not  have  per- 
haps one  quarter  of  those  found  in  Cuba.  It  thus  may  be  comparatively 
more  like  New  England  than  the  West  Indies.  4th,  Southern  Florida  is 
essentially  situated  much  as  Mt.  Washington  is  in  New  Hampshire,  that 
is  it  is  cut  off  from  its  faunal  connections.  It  is  by  the  Everglades  al- 
most entirely  separated  from  the  country  which  otherwise  would  probably 
give  it  the  majority  of  its  species,  and  it  may  not  be  unfair  to  locate  it 
with  the  accident  of  real  separadon  taken  into  account.  The  Everglades 
probably  form  a  greater  barrier  than  the  Straits.  5th,  If  Southern  Florida 
is  thrown  out  of  our  Faunal  Lists,  so  must  we  throw  out  South  Western 
Texas,  Southern  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  and  California.  And  on  the  other 
hand  a  long  reach  of  the  Mountain  Region  of  Mexico  must  be  taken  in 
with  our  Fauna.  It  seems  that  though  the  line  of  National  Boundaries 
m  this  case  is  not  the  line  which  would  be  selected  by  Naturalists  as  the 
true  boundary  line  of  our  Fauna,  it  comes  pretty  near  the  truth ;  if 
Naturalists  were  to  map  out  the  line  perhaps  no  two  would  agree  as  to 
where  the  faunal  line  should  be  drawn.  And  it  probably  would  have  to 
resolve  itself  into  a  case  of  "lettins-  well  enoug:h  alone." 


—71  — 

Lycaena  Sonorensis,  Feld, 

By  W.  G.   Wright, 
San  Bernardino,  Cal. 


This  most  exquisite  of  all  North  American  diurnals  has  for  its 
habitat  the  Pacific  Coast  from  latitude  37O  to  27"  and  possibly  to  25^' 
North,  a  range  of  600  or  700  miles,  the  Southern  limit  not  being  yet 
determined.  From  the  coast  line  it  penetrates  into  the  interior  probably 
less  than  100  miles,  60  miles  being  its  limit  of  actual  observation  at 
present.  While  it  is  thus  somewhat  widely  spread  in  comparison  with 
some  coast  butterflies,  it  is  always  extremely  rare  and  difficult  to  get.  In 
ordinary  years  three  or  four  examples  are  a  fair  catch.  Only  twice,  eluring 
several  years  of  active  work,  have  I  seen  this  insect  flying  in  anything 
like  numbers.  The  first  time  was  in  February,  1883,  near  Todos  Santos 
Bay  in  Lower  California,  when  I  found  it,  as  I  thought  breeding,  and 
flying  in  plentiful  numbers,  but  so  old  and  worn  that  they  were  worth- 
less. The  second  time  was  this  past  Spring  of  1888,  30  miles  from  this 
place,  and  ovipositing  on  Cotyledon  laxa.  By  most  persistent  and  labor- 
ous  work  I  succeeded  in  getting  a  fine  case  full  of  the  insects,  and  in 
securing  eggs  and  larvae  sufficient  to  establish  all  the  stages,  fur  publica- 
tion. Nearly  the  whole  of  my  material  was  obtained  from  a  little  bit  of 
land  two  or  three  \  ards  wide  and  twenty  yards  long.  It  is  a  little  secluded 
pocket  in  the  mountains,  and  so  hidden  and  inconspicuous  that  I  iirst 
passed  by  it  on  one  side,  seeing  none  flying,  when  really  there  must  have 
been  half  a  dozen  flying  within  fifteen  yards  of  me;  but  on  returning,  my 
chance  let  me  across  the  pocket,  and  all  at  once  I  saw  them  in  numbers. 
You  may  believe  that  a  lively  time  followed.  I  got  about  a  dozen  that 
first  day.  But  before  I  had  caught  half  a  dozen  I  had  observed  the  queer 
flight  of  the  females,  close  to  the  ground,  or  along  the  face  of  a  damp 
rock,  evidently  plant-hunting.  Presently  one  alighted  on  the  thick  suc- 
culent leaf  of  a  Co/j^fe/o;?,  left  an  egg,  and  flew  away.  Catching  her  as 
she  flew,  I  dropped  upon  that  plant,  and  found  the  ^zg.  Then  I  had 
the  whole  secret,  and,  having  the  secret,  it  was  but  a  matter  of  time. 
patience  and  work,  to  get  the  rest. 

I  account  it  of  more  use  and  value  to  get  the  plant  and  the  prepar- 
atory stages  established  than  to  get  many  butterflies,  for  while  any  one 
can  catch  a  butterfly,  not  many  can  or  will  work  it  up.  So,  in  this  case, 
I  tramped  many  a  mile,  and  waded  an  icy  stream  more  than  five  hundred 
times,  to  get  a  few  little  eggs  and  caterpillars  that  altogether  weigh  but  .1 


few    grains.      But    it   is   done,   and    it  will   stand  as   long  as  books  are 
printed'. 

Cotyledon  was  once  considered  a  Seditm,  but  was  separated  because 
of  material  and  technical  variations.  The  leaves,  which  are  the  part 
eaten  by  the  larvit,  are  thick  and  juicy  with  an  insipid  watery  juice,  and 
so  soft  that  they  may  be  mashed  in  the  fingers  into  pulp  that  drips  with 
water.  The  "house-leek"  of  the  Eastern  States  is  an  approximate  and 
familiar  plant,  in  size  and  manner  of  growth,  but  the  Cotyledon  leaves  are 
fewer,  larger,  thicker  and  more  juicy.  The  larvae  eat  into  the  leaf,  and 
burrow  about  under  its  skin,  remaining  hidden  most  of  the  time  ;  but  an 
aperture  is  always  open,  and  through  it  the  ants  follow  the  larva,  per- 
sistently petting  it,  and  living  ofl"  its  juices.  Some  of  the  larva;  that  I 
have  bred  have  been  attended  all  through  their  captivity  by  some  ants 
which  would  not  leave  them.  Doubtless  these  ants  have  subsisted  en- 
tirely upon  the  nutriment  afforded  by  the  larvae.  Whether  the  larvae  are 
pleased  or  vexed  by  the  ants  I  cannot  determine.  At  any  rate  they  show 
no  positive  sign  of  either,  while  on  the  other  hand,  the  larva;  ofZ  Aniyn- 
titla,  w  hich  feed  entirely  hidden  and  shut  in,  shrink  in  dislike  or  fear  from 
the  touch  of  ants,  and  the  ants  never  caress  them  to  beg  for  food. 

It  is  a  great  pity  that  this  lovely  Lyccvna  should  be  obliged  to  carry 
the  handicapping  of  such  a  misnomer  of  a  name  as  Sonorensis.  1  doubt 
if  it  ever  flies  in  Sonora  at  all,  I  know  the  best  collectors  who  of  late 
years  have  worked  there,  and  none  of  them  have  ever  seen  it  there.  In 
the  early  days  of  this  coast,  in  the  sixties,  the  collecting  of  plants  and 
animals  and  the  labelling  of  them  were  very  carelessly  and  loosely  done. 
Even  a  collector  like  Fremont  was  often  grossly  lax  in  his  names  and 
localities,  and  especially  in  Botany  this  laxity  has  caused  immense  vexa- 
tion and  worry.  So  it  must  have  been  in  the  case  of  this  Lyccvna,  cre- 
dited to  Sonora  doubtless  through  carelessness  or  error.  Or  it  may  have 
been  collected  from  some  little  ranch  or  Mexican  settlement  called  Sonora 
in  what  is  now  the  State  of  California,  Several  such  "  Sonoras "'  still 
exist. 

But  it  cannot  now  be  helped.  We  may  at  any  rate  console  our- 
selves with  the  knowledge  that  this  butterily  is  rare  and  beaudful  enough 
to  be  able  to  stand  up  under  its  dead-weight,  careless  of  the  misnomer; 
that  its  silvery  luster  and  carmine  cheeks  are  so  gem-like  and  delicious 
that  It  will  always  be  sought  after,  so  that  after  all  the  name  is  of  little 
moment,  for  the  insect  itself  is  so  incomparable  and  matchless  that  it  shall 
live  to  fly  and  reign — a  queen — forever. 


—73- 

Note  on  the  Genus  Platythyris, 
By  a.   R.   Grote,   A.  M. 


In  an  article,  Enlo,  Am.,  Vol.  IV,  p.  27,  speaking  of  the  above 
genus,  Mr.  J.  B.  Smith,  the  author,  says,  that  this  genus  contradicts 
nearly  every  family  character  of  the  Thyridce,  to  which  Groie  and  Robin- 
son referred  it.  Boisduval,  I  believe,  figured  a  species  of  this  genus  as 
Thyris  vitrina.  Dr.  Clemens  described  the  genus  as  l)elonging  to  the 
Turtricidce.  Since  we  figured  the  more  common  species  I  have  stated  in 
print  several  times  that  the  genus  possihl}-  belongs  t<^)  the  Noc/uidce  and 
I  found  allied  Asiatic  forms  in  the  British  Museum  (as  far  as  1  recollect 
Felder  figures  one),  recorded  under  the  generic  title  Varnia.  Consult 
our  paper  in  Trans.  Am.  Ento.  Society  u])on  INIr.  Walker's  types.  Dr. 
Clemens  describes  the  singular  larva  o'i  PI ahihyr is  {Dysodea  is,  I  believe, 
preoccupied),  and  his  description  (Proc.  Acatl.  N.  S.  Phil.,  i860,  p.  350) 
says  that  the  larva  is  quite  as  peculiar  as  the  perfect  insect.  The  larva 
has  a  disagreeable  odor  and  makes  a  c^ne  cm  Eupatorium  agcraloides. 
This  accords  with  Thyris  larva  in  a  vt-r\  strddng  manner,  as  cited  by  Mr. 
Smith  in  the  article  referred  to  above.  We  made  a  tribal  or  subfamily 
division  of  the  Thyrid<e  on  account  of  the  contiadictory  characters,  viz: 
Platythyrini  ox  PlcUythyrincs  2.QCOX^\\vj,'A.<.  \\^  XAX\V  the  division.  In  my 
opinion  (I  have  no  specimens  at  the  moment)  the  moth  may  remain  as 
we  placed  it,  until  its  full  characters  be  compared  with  the  NochndcP.  It 
is  not  a  Toririx,  as  Clemens  described  it.  In  a  letter  to  me  Dr.  Clemens 
stated  that  he  could  not  retnember  his  gnmnds  for  putting  the  moth  in 
the  ToriricidcP.  He  recognized  the  moth  from  our  figure  in  the  Annals 
of  the  N.  Y.  Lyceum  and  wrote  that,  widi  our  different  estimate  of  its 
structure,  we  were  pardonable  in  not  recognizing  his  description  of  it 
previously  under  the  Tortricid<£.  I  judged  from  his  letter,  that  he  was 
satisfied  he  was  wrong  in  his  classification  of  the  moth,  and  that  the  in- 
sect belonged,  if  not  to  the  T'-^tv/f/c?,  at  least  to  the  Macrolepidoptera. 
We  afterwards  made  the  synonymical  reference  and,  on  account  oi  Dy- 
sodea being  used,  retained  for  our  P.  /asciaia  the  name  Platythyris  ocu- 
latana,  Clem.  Staudinger  credits  Boisduval's  species,  described  from 
Spain,  to  North  America.  I  think  this  is  surmise,  perhaps  an  erroneous 
surmise.  There  is  no  reason  why  Platythyris  should  not  be  R)und  in 
Southern  Europe.  As  far  as  I  recollect,  Boisduval's  figure  does  not  cor- 
respond with  our  North  American  Phitytlyris  uculatana.  In  any  event 
we  have  to  do  with  a  singular  form  but  there  is  no  reason,  I  think,  for 
separating  it  as  a  family.  It  agrees  well  enough  as  a  subfamily  of  the 
Thyridce,  until  we  have  more  information,  to  which  fainil)  we  were  the 
more  disposed  to  refer  it  since  Boisduval  preceded  us. 


—74— 

The  description  of  the  larva  of  Platythyris  by  Clemens  reveals  un- 
expected resemblances  to  Thyris,  both  in  form,  quality  and  habit.  When 
the  immature  stages  present  so  many  points  of  agreement  it  is  incorrect 
to  say  that  the  genus  contradicts  nearly  every  family  character.  The 
points  wherein  the  moth  contradicts  Thyn's  have  been  comparatively 
given  by  us.  We  lay  stress  upon  the  thoracic  and  antennal  characters  as 
being  very  different  from  Thy r is — so  much  so  that  we  consider  it  to  be- 
long to  a  distinct  tribe.  Mr.  ISmith  uses  the  characters  we  give.  He 
emphasizes  the  fact  that  we  do  not  describe  the  venation.  Of  our  type 
we  could  not  well  denude  the  wings,  but  Dr.  Clemens  describes  the 
venation  fully  (1.  c.  p.  349  seq.)  and  it  would  seem  that  putting  what 
Dr.  Clemens  says  and  what  we  say,  originally  and  subsequently,  a  pretty 
full  statement  could  be  compiled  as  tc^  the  structure  oi Platythyris.  Joined 
to  this  we  figure  the  moth,  from  both  sides,  and  Boisduval,  as  Say,  very 
probably  figures  a  second  species  of  Plathythyris  as  a  Thyris.  Subsequent 
descriptions  of  North  American  Platythyrince  are  also  extant;  the  species 
except  oculatnna  (j=/ascia/a)  are  unknown  to  me  in  nature. 


Collecting    Notes. 

liY  Chas.  Liebeck. 
I  have  noticed,  while  locking  over  my  last  volume  of  Ento.  Am. 
lately,  an  article  by  i\Ir.  A.  M.  Weeks  entitled  "Capturing  Carabus  ser- 
ni/ies.''  In  this  locality  as  well  as  in  the  neighborhood  of  New  York 
City,  it  is  infrequently  met  with,  an  occasional  specimen  during  hibernat- 
ing season,  and  must  be  collected  methodically.  The  idea  of  collecting 
them  by  sugaring  is  a  very  good  one,  but  we  have  never  tried  it.  Our 
method  of  collecting  them  will  be  explained  by  the  following  account  of 
one  of  our  trips.  On  the  loth  of  April  Mr.  Wenzel  and  myself  made  a 
trip  to  Franklinville,  situated  on  the  outskirts  of  the  upper  end  of  Phila- 
delphia, on  the  banks  of  the  Win.iidhocking  Creek.  At  the  point  of  our 
operations  the  creek  runs  between  two  lines  of  hills  with  moderately  slop- 
ing sides.  Here  we  commenced  our  search  bv  scraping  among  the  loose 
eaith,  dead  leaves,  and  general  debris  left  over  from  the  fall  season.  From 
about  half  way  up,  to  the  top  of  the  hills,  after  a  diligent  search,  we 
found  about  1 6  specimens  of  Cychnts  sicnostomus  and  a  number  of  species 
uf  P/erostichus.  While  near  the  waters  edge  at  the  foot  we  found  about 
25  specimens  of  Cr^/'c//;;^^  .s^f?;/^?///^,  a  like  number  of  limhatus  and  the 
common  vinctus.  C.  sylvosus,  the  only  other  species  of  Carabus  found 
in  this  vicinity,  has  also  been  taken  here  in  the  same  way,  but  not  on  this 
occasion.  We  also  found  besides  the  above  species  Olisthopus  parmatiis, 
Atranus  pubescens,  Platynus  ociopiinciatus,  Didelus  ovalis,  and  numbers 
of  species  of  the  commoner  Carabidas. 


-/5 


Food  -  Plants    of  Lepidoptera. 
By  Wm.  BeutenmOller. 


[No.  8.] 
APATELA  AMERICANA,    Ilan. 
Tihaceje. 
Tilia  Americana,  L.     (Basswood.)  I     Tilia  alba,   Miclix.     (White  Linden.) 

Tilia  Europeae,  L.     (European  Linden.)     | 

Sapindaceae. 

Acer  pseudo-platanus,  L.     (.Mock  Plane     |     Acer  ruhrum,  L.   (Red  Maple.) 

Tree.)  I     -Eculiis    hippocastania,    L.      (Common 

Acer  dasycarpum,  Chr,   (Silver  Maple.)     |  Horse  Chestnut.) 

Rosaceae. 

Prunus    serotina,     Ehr.        (Wild    Black     I     Amelanchitr  canadensir-,   Torr.  &  dray. 

Cherry.)  (Seivice-herry.) 

Prunus  virginiana,  L.     (Choke  Cherry.)     | 

Ericaceae. 

Vaccinium  corymbosum,    L.     (Common     I     Vaccinium  penn>ylvanicum.  L.     (Dwait 
Blueberry.)  |  Blueberry.) 

Urticaceae. 

Ulmus  americana,  L.     (Am.  Elm.)  I     UIuuh  campestris,  L.      (English  Ehii  ) 

Ulmus  fulva,  Michx.      (Slippery  Elm.)        | 


Juglandaceae. 

;ory.)     I     Car 
ut.)        I     Car 

Cupuliferae. 


Carya  alba,  Nutt.  (Shell-bark  Hickory.)     I     Carya  nmara,  Nntt.     (Bitter-nut.^ 
Carya  tomtntosa,  Nutt.  (Mocker-nut.)        \     Carya  porcii.a,  Nutt.  (Pig-nut  Hickory.) 


Quercus  alba,  L.     (White  Oak.) 
Quercus  macrocarpa,  Michx.  (Bur  Oak.) 
Quercus  rubra,  L.     (Red  Oak.) 
Quercus  coccinea,  Wang.   (Scarlet  Oak.) 
Queixus  tinctoria,  Bart.   (Black  Oak.) 


Quercu-i  palu^tris,  Du  Roi.    (Pin  Oak.) 
Castania  vesca,  L.     (Chestnut  ) 
Fagus  feriuginea.  Ait.     (Beech.) 
Fagus  sylvalica,  L.     (European  Beech.) 
Caipinus  americana,  Walt.  (Hornbeam.) 


Betulaceae. 

Betula  alba,  L.      (White  Birch.)  I     Betula  v.  populifolia,  Spach.   (American 

I  White  Birch.) 


[No.  9.] 

EMPRETIA  STIMULEA,  Clem. 

Anacardiaceae. 

Rhus  glabra,  L.     (Sumac.) 

Rosaceae. 


Prunus  serotina,  Ehr.  (Wild  Bl'k  Cherry) 
Prunus  virginiana,  L.    (Choke  Cherry.) 
Rubus  villosus,  Ait.     (Blackberry.) 
Rosa  Carolina,  L.     (Swamp  Rose.) 
Rosa  blanda,  Ait.    (Wild  Rose.) 


Pyrus  coronaria,   L.      (Crab-apple.) 
Pyrus  malus,  L.     (Apple. ) 
Crataegus  coccinea,  L.      (Thorn.) 
Amelancliier   canadensis,    L.      (June- 
beriy.) 


Hamamelaceae. 

Liquidambar  styraciflua,  L.     (Sweet-gum.) 
Cornaceae. 

Cornus  florida,  L.     (Dogwood.)  1    Cornus  stolonifera,  Michx.  (Osier  Dog- 

i  wood.) 

Caprifoliaceae. 

Viburnum  dentatum,  L.   (Arrow-wood.)     [     Viburnum  lentago,  L.    (Sheep-berry.) 

Compositae. 

Aster  corymbosus,   Ait. 

Vacciniaceae. 

Vacciniiim  corynibosum,    L.     (Huckle-     I     Vaccinium  pennsylvanicum,  L.  (Huckle- 
berry.) [  berry.) 

Myricaceae. 

Mynca  cerifera,  L.     (Bayberry.) 
Cupuliferae. 


Hetula  alba,   L.     (Birch.) 
Corylus  americana,  Walt.     (Hazel.) 
Corylus  rostrata,  Ait.   (Em-op.  Hazel.) 
Ouercus  albn,  L.     (White  Oak.) 
(^)uercus  coccinea,  Wantj.  (Scarlet  Oak.) 
(^)uercus  macrocarpa,  Michx.  (BiuOdk.) 


Quercus  palustris,  Du  Roi.  (Pin  Oak.) 
(Juercus  prinus,  L.     (Chestnut  Oak,) 
Quercus  rubra,  L.     (Red  Oak.) 
Quercus  tinctona,  Bart.     (Black  Oak.) 
Castania  vulgaris,  v.  Americana,  Michx- 
(Chestnut.) 


[No.   lo.] 

HALESIDOTA  TESSELLATA,  A.  &  S. 

Tiliaceae. 

Tiiia  americana,   L.     (Basswood.)  I     Tilia  alba.     (WHiite  Bass  wood.) 

Tilia  Europea;,  L.     (European  Linden.)     | 

Leguminosae. 

Kobinia  hispida,  L.     (Rose  Acacia.)  I     Robinia   pseudacacia,     L.      (Common 

Kobinia  viscosa,  Vent.  (Clammy  Locusil     |  Locust.) 

Hamamelaceae. 

Hainanulii  Virginiana,  L.      (Witch  Hazel.) 
Sapindaceae. 


Acer  dasycarpum,  Eiir.    (Silver  Maple.) 
Acer  p-eudo-plataniis,  L.     (Mock  Plane 
Tree.) 


Acer  rubrum,  L.     (Red  Maple.) 
Negundo   aceroides,     Moench.       (Box- 
wood.) 


Rosaceae. 

Amelaiichier  canadensis,   L.     (June-berry.) 
Ericaceae. 

Vaccinunn  corynibosum,    L.     (Huckle-     I     Vaccinium    pennsylvanicum,      Lam. 
berry.)  |  (Huckleberry.) 

Urticaceae. 
Ulmus  americana,  L.     (Am.  Elm.)  ]     Ulmus  fulva,  Michx.     (Slippery  Elm.) 


—77— 

Platanaceae. 

Platanus  occ^dentalis,  L.     (Sycamore.) 
Juglandaceae. 


Carya  alba,  L.    (Shell-bark  Hickory.) 
Carya  microcarpa,  Nutt.  (Small  Fruited 
Hickory.) 


Juglans  cinerea,  L.  (Butternut.) 
Juglans  nigra,  L.   (Black  Walnut.) 


Cupuliferae. 


Betula  alba,  L.     (White  Birch.) 
Carpinus   Americana,    Michx,      (Horn- 
beam.) 
Corylus  Americana,  Walt.     (Hazel.) 
Corylus  rostrata,  Ait.     (  Hazel.) 
Quercus  alba,  L.     (White  Oak.) 


Quercus  coccinea,  Wang.  (Scarlet  Oak.) 
Quercus  macrocarpa,  Michx.  (Bur  Oak  ) 
Quercus  palustris,   Du  Roi.     (Pin  Oak.) 
Quercus  tinctoria,  Bart.     (Black  Oak.) 
Fagus  ferruginea.  Ait.     (Beech.) 


[No.   II.] 

PYROPHILA  PYRAMIDOIDES,  Guen. 

Vitaceae. 

Vitis  cordifolia,  Miclix.   (Winter  Grape,)     I    Vitis   labrusca,    L.      Northern    Fox 

I  Grape.) 

Leguminosae. 

Cercis  canadensis,  L.     (Judas  Tree.) 
Rosaceae. 


Prunus  virginiana,    L.    (Choke  Cherry.) 
Prunus    serotina,     Ehr.        (Wild    Black 
Cherry,) 


Rubus  villosus.  Ait.   (Blackberry.) 
Pyrus  malus,  L.     (Apple.) 
Pyrus  communis.     (Pear,) 


Hamamelaceae. 

Liquidambar  styraciflua,  L.     (Sweet  Gum.) 

Caprifoliacese. 

Viburnum  dentatum,  L.     (Arrow-wood.) 

Juglandaceae. 

Carya  alba,  L.     (Shell-bark  Hickory.)       I    Carya  sulcata,  Willd. 
Carya  amara,  Nutt.     (Bitter-nut.)  | 


Cupuliferae. 


Quercus  alba,  L.     (White  Oak.) 
Quercus  macrocarpa,  Michx.   (Bur  Oak.) 
Quercus  palustris,  Du  Roi.   (Pin  Oak.) 


Q)uercus  rubra,  L.     (Red  Oak.) 
Quercus  coccinea,  Wang.  (Scarlet  Oak. ) 
Quercus  tinctoria,  Bart.  (Black  Oak.) 


Salicacese. 

Populus   balsamifera,    L.       (Balsam  j  Populus  grandidentata,  Michx.    (Large- 
Poplar.)  I  toothed  Aspen.) 
Populus  dilatata,  L.  (Lombardy  Poplar.)  I  Populus  tremuloides,  Michx.  (American 
Populus  monilifera.  Ait.  (Cotton-wood.)  |  Aspen.) 


-7S~ 

Allegheny,   Pa.,   May  31st,    1888. 
Editor  Entomologica  Americana. 

Dear  Sir  : — Permit  me  to  make  a  few  remarks  on  a  paper  in  the 
April  number  of  Ento.  Am.,  "Thoroughness  in  Entomological  Tables," 
which  I  read  with  some  amazement.  The  writer,  as  I  interpred  it,  ex- 
hibits the  Classification  of  the  Coleoptera  of  North  America,  the  various 
tables  of  genera,  synopses,  &c. ,  as  examples  of  synthetic  work,  not  very 
perfect  however;  and  classes  their  several  authors  as  "Synthesists  with  a 
philanthropic  desire,"  etc. 

A  greater  misconception  can  scarcely  be  imagined  and  how  it  oc- 
cured  is  outside  of  my  apprehension,  but  there  it  is  in  printers'  ink. 

The  slate  of  Coleopterological  Science  in  this  or  any  other  country, 
as  is  well  known,  does  not  permit  more  than  the  feeblest  attempts  at  syn- 
thetic work  ;  Dr.  Leconte  tried  a  single  genus — Nebria,  Lee,  U.  S.  Geol. 
Surv.  Bui.  4,  No.  2,  p.  473. 

'  In  Europe,  the  learned  Dr.  D.  Sharp,  after  giving  an  exhaustive 
analysis  of  the  DytiscidcB  of  the  world,  tried  his  hand  at  a  synthetic  ex- 
hibition. Any  one  desirous  of  seeing  Analysis  and  Synthesis  in  one  view 
would  do  well  to  consult  this  scholarly  memoir. 

Again,  the  author  has  trouble  with  a  hypothetical  Badister  which  he 
can  not  trace  to  the  proper  genus  by  the  tables  in  the  Classification,  page 
21,  without  resorting  to  a  lengthy  empirical  process.  How  he  expected 
to  gain  the  desired  end  from  what  he  declares  a  synthetic  composition  by 
an  analytical  method  is  not  very  evident,  but  he  states  the  scheme  would 
work  well  enough,  if  the  tables  were  "longer  and  more  complex"  and  if 
every  thing  else  was  right.  In  school  pupils  are  reprimanded  for  offering 
a  criticism  without  the  proper  correction.  Were  the  author  to  present  a 
sample  of  some  coleopterological  work  as  he  conceives  it  should  be  done 
for  comparison  with  that  done  by  others,  the  value  of  the  two  systems  or 
plans  could  be  better  estimated.  If,  as  he  says,  "the  present  method  of 
tabular  statements  of  genera  and  species  inflicts  such  great  incon- 
venience and  loss  of  time  upon  our  students,"  and  the  author  knows  of 
a  better  as  he  intimates,  by  giving  Science  the  benefit  of  his  discovery  all 
would  cordially  recognize  in  him  a  benefactor,  and  especially  the  writer. 
A  single  genus  would  do  as  a  sample,  as  Brachynus ;  or  a  small  family 
might  be  exhibited,  say  the  HeteroceridcB  or  the  Cioidce,  all  of  which  are 
as  yet  virgin  soil  as  it  were — unoccupied  territory.  The  above  is  not 
written  in  the  spirit  of  captious  cridcism  but  as  a  candid  expression  of 
the  opinion  of  the  writer  on  the  points  treated  of 

Yours  &c. , 

John  Hamilton. 


—79— 

Meeting  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement 

of  Science. 

The  Annual  meeting  of  the  above  Association  will  be  held  in  the 
citv  of  Cleveland,  Ohio,  August,  1888. 

The  entomological  section  will  hold  its  first  meeting  in  the  High 
School  Building,    9  A.  M.,    August  15th. 

It  is  very  much  desired  that  the  meeting  of  the  section  be  as  suc- 
cessful as  possible.  And  we  therefore  urge  not  only  the  attendance  ot 
Entomologists  but  as  well  specific  preparation  against  the  meetings  that 
there  may  be  a  presentation  of  papers  and  a  taking  part  in  discussion 
which  will  make  the  meetings  a  profit  and  an  inspiration.  Dr.  A.  J.  Cook 
of  Agricultural  College,  Mich,  is  the  Secretary  of  the  section  and  we 
are  earnestly  requested  by  him  to  ask  entomologists  to  send  to  him  as 
soon  as  possible  the  subjects  of  intended  papers  and  before  the  meeting, 
as  well  abstracts  of  the  same 

♦-^-♦^ 

The  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  at  Central  Park, .  New 
York,  has  secured  the  services  of  Mr.  William  Beuienmiiller  as  Curator 
of  the  Entomological  Department.  Mr.  Beutenmiiller  has  for  several 
years  made  a  general  study  of  Entomology  and  more  lately  has  made  a 
specialty  of  the  Tineidce  The  Central  Park  collection  which  formerly 
contained  manv  types  of  Giote  and  Robinson  as  well  as  those  of  Robm- 
son's  Tortricidce  has  been  almost  totally  destroyed  by  A7ithrenus—-AX\di 
what  is  left  is  practically  valueless.  The  officials  have  taken  now  the 
right  step  for  a  collection,  in  securing  for  what  is  obtained  in  the  future, 
the  care  of  a  very  promising  and  active  Entomologist. 


Book   Notices. 

We  have  received  Bulledn  No.  2  of  the  Experiment  Station  of  Florida. 

In  this  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Ashmead  of  Jacksonville  who  has  been  ap- 
pointed Entomologist  publishes  notes  on  various  insect  pests. 

We  wish  however  to  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  in  this  report  he 
describes  two  new  species  of  Diptera,  Aphidiiis  flavicoxa  and  Pachyneuron 
maidaphidis. 

We  have  no  objection  whatever  that  descriptions  of  new  species 
should  be  given  in  these  bulletins  and  corresponding  publications  and 
reports.  But  we  do  claim  that  thereby  the  author  is  doing  work  which 
will  entail  no  end  of  trouble  and  vexation  on  posterity  We  have  now 
or  soon  will  have  some  40  or  more  Experiment  Stations  each  under  law 
publishing  a  Bulletin  at  least  every  three  months.  If  original  descriptions 
made  in  these  are  to  be  recognized,  one  can  see  what  a  library — almost 
entirely  waste  paper  to  him— the  Entomologist  must  have,  if,  indeed,  he 
can  obtain  these  reports.  It  is  an  easy  matter  for  every  describer  of  new 
species  to  have  the  species  as  well  published  in  some  regular  Entomo- 
logical journal  and  in  the  interest  of  future  Scientists  we  beg  that  this  may 
always  be  done. 

This  is  said  only  as  the  report  before  us  gives  us  the  occasion.  Some 
of  our  best  Entomologists  not  recognizing  the  evil  have  described  in 
State  or  United  States  Bulletins  and  Reports  only,  and  so  have  unwitdngly 


—So- 
set  a  very  bad  example.     We  hope  such   of  our  Entomologists  as  may 
indulge  in  species  building  hereafter  will  see  that  their  descriptions  are 
published  where  students  have  a  right  to  look  for  them  and  can  without 
waste  of  time  and  labor  find  them. 


Society  News, 

The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  met  June  5th.     17  members  present. 

The  Treasurer  reported  all  bills  paid — cash  in  hand  $26.48,  and  outstanding 
credits  of  nearly  Sioo. 

The  special  order  of  the  evening — the  question  of  uniting  with  the  Brooklyn  In- 
stitute and  becoming  its  entomological  section  — was  taken  up  and  it  was  unanimously 
resolved  that  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  accept  the  invitation  of  the  Brook- 
lyn Institute  to  unite  with  it  upon  the  terms  ofTered,  with  the  underatandmg  it  would 
be  on  the  basis  that  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  will  not  surrender  it  cor- 
porate existence.  A  committee  was  appointed,  consisting  of  Messrs.  Graef,  Roberts, 
Pearsall  and  Hulst,  to  meet  with  the  authorities  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  and  make 
tinal  arrangements  for  the  completion  of  the  proposed  co-operative  union. 

A  paper  by  Dr.  John  Hamilton  of  Allegheny,  Penn..  was  read  on  the  subject 
"  Thoroughness  in  Entomological  Tables  "  *  being  a  brief  review  of  an  article  in 
Ento.  Am.  by  Lieut.  Casey  on  the  same  subject.  The  paper  elicited  considerable 
discussion. 

A  paper  by  Mr.  W.  G.  Wright  of  San  Bernardino,  Cal.,**  giving  a  very  interest- 
account  of  the  life  history  of  the  most  elegant  of  American  butterflies— Z,jr«-«fl!  sono7'- 
ensis  —  wsLS  also  read.  The  meeting  closed  with  exhibition  and  identification  of 
specimens. 

Ento.  Soc.  Washington,  June  7th,  1888.  Nine  members  present.  Prof. 
Riley  read  some  notes  on  Fromtba  and  Yucca  pollination,  in  refutation  of  Mr.  Hulst's 
conclusion  in  Ento.  Am.,  vol.  II,  p.  1S4.  He  explained  why,  in  his  opinion  pollination 
by  bees  is  almost  impossible,  and  gave  in  some  detail  the  results  of  experiments  in 
artificial  pollination.  Finally  he  is  more  than  ever  confirmed  in  his  published  views 
on  this  subject.  Some  discussion  on  this  paper  was  had  between  Prof.  Riley,  Messrs. 
Schwarz,  Howard  and  Smith,  largely  in  relerence  to  habits  of  bees. 

Prof.  Riley  exhibited  some  new  and  interesting  Micro-I>epidoptera,  among  them 
types  of  a  new  genus  which  he  will  describe  as  Walsinghaniia  and  of  a  new  Sitmrthis 
which  he  will  describe  as  S.  fernaldi.  He  also  made  some  remarks  on  the  Hessian- 
fiy  showing  that  all  references  to  the  occurence  of  the  species  prior  to  the  Revolution 
said  to  be  tound  in  the  minutes  of  the  Philosophical  Soc.  were  based  on  an  error,  and 
Dr.  Hagen's  arguments  based  on  this  point,  fail. 

Mr.  Howard  showed  drawings  of  a  new  and  remarkable  Chalcid  from  California 
which  he  proposes  to  call  Rileya  splendens.  The  genus  is  compared  with  Ceraptero- 
ccrns,  Westwood,  differing  as  follows  :  Face  not  elbowed  in  the  middle  so  as  to  give 
a  triangular  profile  to  the  head,  but  is  gently  rounded  and  has  a  strong  glistening 
transverse  clean-cut  ridge  just  above  the  insertion  of  the  antennje,  which  are  stouter, 
and  with  a  more  concave  scape  than  with  Cerapteroceriis.  The  mesoscutellum  has  a 
strong  tuft  of  erect  black  hairs  as  in  Chiloneiiriis,  but  which  is  lacking  in  Ceraptero- 
ceriis.  The  stigmal  vein  is  given  off  immediately  at  the  juncture  of  the  submarginal 
with  the  costa,  and  is  a  trifle  longer  than  the  postmarginal.  The  submarginal  is  31/2 
times  as  long  as  the  stigmal.  The  postmarginal,  the  distal  third  of  the  submarginal, 
and  the  wing  disc  just  below  this  last,  heavily  clothed  with  short,  stout  bristles.  The 
l)ody  is  highly  polished  and  the  wings  are  not  hyaline.  The  metanotal  spiracles  are 
large,  long-oval  and  oblique,  and  the  abdominal  spiracles  are  very  prominently 
tufted.     Ovipositor  protruded  only  in  specimens  killed  in  the  act  of  oviposition. 

Messrs.  Howard,  Riley  and  Schwarz  discussed  the  methods  of  oviposition  in 
some  Parasites,  and  the  uses  of  the  often  strangely  modified  antenn;^  of  the  9  • 

Mr.  Schwarz  read  a  list  of  TerDietophiliis   Coleoptera    found    in   the    U.  S.   with 
notes  on  the  species.     The  probable  habits  of  the  species  and   connection   with  their 
hosts  was  discussed  by  Messrs.  Schwarz,  Howard  and  Riley. 
John  B.  Smith,  Rcc.  Secretary. 

"  Published  in  the  present  number,  p.  -8. 
*''  Published  in  the  present  number,  pp  71  and  72. 


VOL.  IV. 


BROOKLYN,  JiUGUST,  1888. 


NO.  5. 


Preliminary  Survey  of  the  CICAD^A  of  the  United 

States,  Antilles,   and  Mexico. 

By  p.    R.   Uhler 

(Continued  from   pai;e  23,    \'ol.   IV.) 


3.   P.  minor,  new  sp. 

Form  !iearly  th;it  of  P.  piitnami  ;  color  a  lironze  black,  more  highly  polished 
c.pon  the  tergum  than  elsewliere  ;  the  surface,  excepting  the  tergum  and  notuni  in- 
v^stfd  with  long  gray,  or  yellowish  hairs  and  with  white  hairs  ai'ound  the  meso- 
thoracic  cro.-s.  Head  and  thoiax  miniilely  rough  and  wrinkled,  oveispread  with 
minute  appressed  bronze  thread-scales.  Vertex  transversely  scooped  out  anteriorly, 
and  broadly  sinuated  between  the  eyes  and  posterior  margin  ;  middle  of  the  base 
longitudinally  excasated,  and  having  a  nearly  con.plete  inipiessid  line  each  side  ;  an- 
tenna stout,  black,  the  basal  joint  tipped  with  yellow,  the  apical  joint  testaceous, 
supra-antennal  plate  orange  yellow  ;  fioiit  having  the  sulcus  distnict  from  the  base  to 
l^elow  the  middle,  aiid  thence  expanding  and  becoming  effaced,  witli  the  margins 
distinctly  carinated,  and  the  transverse  grooves  distinct  :  face  and  epistoma  with  long 
blackish  and  white  hairs  ;  outer  margin  of  the  cheeks  and  a  faint  clot  at  the  base  of 
vertex  in  the  groove  yellow.  Pronotuin  sub  quadrangular,  wrinkled,  the  middle  line 
obst)letely  impressed  anteriorly,  convex  and  polished  posteriorly  ;  the  lateral  margins 
moderately  curved,  sinuated  before  the  humeral  angles,  which  latter  are  blunt  tri- 
angular and  turned  up,  jiosterior  margin  feebly  concave  with  the  edge  yellow  ; 
pleural  pieces,  flaps  and  acetabulce  margined  more  or  less  broadly  with  yellow  ;  the 
whole  underside  bronze-black,  minutely  scabrous,  densely  coated  with  silvery  scales 
and  long  white  hairs.  Legs  flavo-piceous,  clotlied  with  long  remote  white  hairs  and 
bristles,  the  coxae,  knees,  and  tarsi  dark  piceous.  Wing-covers  hyaline,  somewhat 
tinged  with  fulvous  at  base,  the  nervures  of  the  apical  cells,  as  well  as  the  one  form- 
ing the  inner  margin,  piceous  black,  the  radial  nervure  paler  piceous  ;  posterior 
limbs  of  the  mesothoracic  cross  and  surface  each  side  thereof  while;  membrane  of 
base  of  wings  and  basal  portion  of  nervures  white. 


—82  — 

Length  to  tip  of  anal  prolongation  i6  — 17  mm. ;  to  tip  of  closed  wings  22—23 
mm.;  width  of  base  of  pronotum  S'/\—6  mm. 

Only  males  of  this  neat  little  species  have  been  brought  to  my  notice. 
The  cell  opened  by  the  separation  of  the  postcostal  ulnar  nervure  from 
the  postcostal  one  is  longer  in  this  than  in  the  other  species.  Three  spe- 
cimens examined  Irom  Southern  California. 

Mr.  Morrison  secured  for  me,  in  Nevada,  se\-eral  very  small  speci- 
mens belonging  to  this  genus  Platypedia,  which  measure  only  17 — 18 
mm.  to  the  tip  of  the  closed  wing-covers  ;  but  they  appear  to  be  only 
dwarfed  specimens  of /*. //////r7?;«'.  Thev  are  not  nearly  as  hair\- as  the 
new  species  here  described,  and  chiefly  display  in  miniature  the  charac- 
teristics o{  P.  piitnami,  as  we  find  it  in  the  same  section  of  our  country 

By  counting  the  postcostal  areole  as  the  first  ulnar,  we  have  six 
areoles  across  the  wing-cover,  instead  of  the  usual  five.  The  commonly 
cited  second  ulnar  (third  of  our  method)  is  longer  and  more  nearly  tri- 
angular in  the  new  than  in  the  other  species  previously  described. 

Platypedia  piitnami  x's,  figured  in  Proceedings  of  the  Davenport  Aca- 
demy of  Natural  Sciences,  Vol.  II,   1880,  pi.  IV,  fig.  2,  3. 

CALYRIA,  Stael. 
C.   occidentis,   Walk.   {^Cephaloxvs,)   British  Mus.  List;    Homopt.  Suppl.- p,  36. 
Calyria  virginea,  Stivl.    Stettin  Ent.  Zeit.,  Vol.  XXV,  1864,  p.  56, 
379.      Distant,  Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Homopt.,  p.   19,  i. 
Hitherto  found  only  near  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico  ;   unless  narrow  speci- 
mens o(  JAVf^w/.sv^/A?/),;?/-?'///;?,  Say,   which  lack  one  of  the  apical  areoles 
of  the  wings,  should  prove  to  be  the  same  as  the  Mexican  form  given  as 
the  type.      Several  specimens  of  J/  parvida  have  been  examined   by  my- 
self, in  which  six  apical  arciiles  were  present  in  the  one  wing  and  five  in 
the  opposite  one. 

PRUNASIS,    Stael. 
P.  venosa,  new  sp. 

Tale  green,  or  faded  stiaw  yellow,  feebly  pubescent  ;  form  nearly  the  same  as 
that  ol  yl/i/'rtw/j,-/?/,^/,?;-!'///;?,  but  witli  the  abdomen  less  contracted  at  tip.  Vertex 
with  a  belt  ot  large  dusky  spots  extending  from  eye  to  eye,  but  sometimes  obsolete, 
so  as  to  leave  only  one  large  spot  on  the  centre  and  enclosing  the  ocelli  ;  supra-anten- 
nal  plates  more  or  less  dusky  ;  front  banded  with  fuscous  between  the  transverse 
ridges,  the  middle  line  infuscated  wider  above  and  interrupted  there  by  a  dagger- 
shaped  yellow  mark  ;  antennas  yellow,  piceous  at  tip  of  second  joint  and  base  of 
third  ;  rostrum  reaching  to  near  the  tip  of  posterior  coxpe,  with  the  apex  more  or  less 
infuscated.  Pronotum  transverse,  smooth  on  the  middle  line  with  the  oblique  im- 
pressed lines  each  side  well  defined,  and  the  surface  curvedly  wrinkled  between  them; 
the  lateral  margins  feebly  sinuated,  very  narrow,  but  abruptly  expanded,  reflexed 
and  impressed  at  the  humeri  ;  meso-notum  moderately  convex,  a  little  sinuated  each 
side,  with  four  ob-deltoid   obscure   fuscous  spots,    of  which   the   two  inner  are  very 


-83- 

short,  or  even  ol^solete  ;  tlie  tip  scale-like,  arched,  and  feebly  sinuatcd  at  tip  with  the 
inner  liars  of  the  cross  terminated  wiih  black  ;  mesosternal  process  acute,  deeply  sul- 
cated,  and  with  the  edge  strongly  rellexed.  Wing-covers  milky-hyaline,  with  the 
costa,  basal,  and  ulnar  veins  green,  but  with  the  veins  of  the  discoidal  areoles  (except 
at  base),  and  ihose  of  the  apical  areoles  piceous-black,  sometimes  with  the  latter 
bordered  also  with  piceous.  Opercula  confined  to  the  basal  segment,  narrow,  placed 
obliquely,  subreniform  ;  the  metasternum  very  wide  between  them,  triangularly  pro- 
duced over  the  following  segment,  scale-like,  subtruncate  at  tip,  tymbals  delicate, 
small,  subovate,  sepai-at^-cl  by  a  wide,  pubescent  segment,  which  has  a  broad  triang- 
ular emargination  behm  i.     Superior  genital  llap^  accummate  and  recurved  at  tip. 

Length  to  tip   of  abdomen    ii  — 13    mm.      Expanded    v\ing    covers   31 — 32  mm. 
Width  of  pronotum  across  the  middle  3'/., —4  mm. 

Ffc^m  jMitidle  and  Soulhern  Texas,  nut  on  the  coast.  Only  males 
have  thus  far  been  examined  ;  three  specimens  of  which  are  at  present  in 
my  collection.  The  venation  is  coarser  than  in  anv  of  the  small  Cicadas 
whicli  1  liave  had  the  opportunity  to  examine. 

PROARNA,  Stael. 

1.  P.  pulverea,  OKv.  {Cicadd,)  Enc.  Meth.,  V,  p.  759.    No.  61,  Germar,  Thon. 
Ent.  Archiv,  II,  p.  43,  82. 

Proarna  piilvcrea,  Sta;l.  Siettin  Ent.  Zeit.,  Vol  XXV,  1864,  p.  61. 
Vera  Cruz,  Cordova  and  other  parts  of  Mexico.  I  liave  examined 
in  all  fifteen  specimens  of  this  insect  from  various  localities  and  find  it  to 
be  fully  as  variable  as  P.  alln'da,  Oliv.  from  Coota  Rica.  x\s  the  absence 
or  presence  of  the  vittoe  upon  the  vertex,  markmg  of  the  scutellum  and 
intensity  of  color  of  the  spots  on  the  wing-covers  vary  according  to  the 
condition  of  the  specimen  and  its  prefiaraticm  after  capture.  I  see  no 
reason  to  separate  it  from  the  typical  P.  gn'sea,  Fabr. ,  as  described  by 
Dr.  Slash  The  prominence  of  the  front  &c.  depends  in  part  upon  the  de- 
gree of  shrinkage  to  which  a  specimen  has  been  subjected  afier  death. 
Only  well  matured  specimens  of  the  Hemiptera  should  be  used  in  draw- 
ing up  descriptions  ;  as  all  others  will  give  only  unsatisfitctory  and  de- 
ceptive inferences.  Besides,  if  the  head  is  shrunken  a  little  into  the  thorax, 
so  as  to  raise  the  fore  part  of  the  vertex  to  a  somewhat  higher  level,  the 
front  will  appear  correspondingly  more  prominent.  The  mode  of  curing 
and  drying  specimens  of  the  G'cWtz'a  makes  an  important  difference  in 
their  value  for  classification,  as  I  have  had  occasion  to  know,  full  well  in 
the  tropics,  and  more  abundantly  in  handling  hundreds  of  specimens  of 
T.  sep/endecim  and  other  species  in  various  parts  of  North  America.  Both 
sexes,  too,  are  almost  indispensable  in  correctly  organizing  species,  as 
the  one  supplements  the  other  in  yielding  distinctive  characters. 

2.  P.   albida,  Oliv.   {Cicada,)  Enc.  Math.  V,  p.  755,  No.  39. 

Proarna  albida,  Stael.    Stettin  Ent.  Zeit.,  Vol.  XX\',   1864,  p.  61. 
One  specimen   from  Southern   Mexico.      This  seems   to  be  a   verv 


-84— 

common  species  in  Costa  Rica  and  near  Panama.  I  have  seen,  also, 
specimens  from  Demerara,  and  from  the  region  of  the  lower  Amazon, 
beyond  Para. 

It  is  a  much  narrower  form  than  the  P.  pulverca,  Oliv. ,  and  has  the 
curvetl  vein  of  the  costal  anastomosis  more  slender,  and  not  black  as  in 
that  species. 

Forms  which  partly  connect  the  two  foreg-oing  species  occur  at  San- 
tarem,  also  in  Peru  near  the  headwaters  of  the  Amazon,  also  others  in 
the  province  of  Rio  de  Janeiro,  and  near  Montevideo.  The  males  in 
this  section  of  the  genus  usually  have  a  spur  at  the  apex  of  the  teguice. 

3.  P.   sallei,  Stael.   {Proarna,)  Stetlm  Ent.  Zcit.,  Vol.  XXV,  1864,  p.  61. 
Inhabits  the  vicinitv  of  Vera  Cruz,  Mexico. 

4.  P.   championi,   Di-t.   Diol.  Cent.  Amer.  llemipt.  Homopt.  18S1,  p.  12,  No.  4. 
It  has  been  taken  in  the  province  of  Tamaulipas,  and  other  parls  of 

Mexico,  and  has  been  reported  by  Mr.  Distant  as  having  been  found  in 
(juatemala  and  Costa  Rica. 

5.  P.   signifera.  Walk.  {Cu■ada,^    British  Mu'^.  List  Homopt.  SuppL,  p.  22. 

Pioania   signifera,    Dist.     Biol.    Cent.    Amer.    Homopt.,    1881, 
p.   13,    No.  5. 
This  appears  to  be  a  common  species  in  Northern  Mexico;  but  ^Ir. 
Distant  cites  other  localities  for  it,  as  Orizaba,  V'alladolid  in  Yucatan,  and 
Torola,  Guatemala. 

6.  P.   maura,  Dist.     Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Homopt.,    1S81,   p.  13,   pi.  II,   fiir.  5. 
This  is  a  common  species  in  Mexico  and  is  very  variable  in  size.     It 

is  reported  also  from  Yucatan  by  Mr.  Distant. 

7.  P.   longirostris,  Dist.      Biol.  Cent.  Amer.  Homopt.,  18S1,  p.  13,  pi.  II,  fig.  4. 
Inhabits  Mexico.      It  resembles  the  preceeding  species  in  form,   but 

has  a  much  longer  rostrum,  and  lacks  the  broad  tract  at  the  base  of  the 
wings. 

8.  P.   valvata,  new  sp. 

Robust,  form  nearly  that  of  P.  tnaiira,  Dist.,  piceous-black.  Head  includint,^  the 
eyes  scarcely  wider  than  the  forepart  ot  the  pronotum ;  vertex  depressed,  transversely 
impressed,  and  excavated  at  each  end  of  the  impression;  three  longitudinal  deeply 
impressed  lines,  of  which  the  middle  one  is  interrupted  by  the  central  ocellus,  and 
the  lateral  ones  start  above  in  a  concavity  and  unite  below  with  the  boundary  incis- 
ures of  the  front  ;  an  oval  ochreous  spot  occupies  a  sunken  spot  before  the  central 
ocellus,  a  similar  spot  is  placed  at  the  upper  end  of  each  lateral  incised  line,  the  an- 
terior margin  of  the  supra-antennal  plate  is  also  ochreous,  and  there  is  a  long  ovate 
spot  of  the  same  color  on  the  summit  of  the  front ;  face  tawny  or  testaceous,  sericeous 
pubescent,  front  having  the  middle  impressed  line  obsolete,  the  costate  lines  sharply 
defined  each  side  ;  rostrum  reaching  to  behind  the  middle  coxje  ;  antennje  tawny 


-85- 

testaceous.  Pronotum  piceou?,  minutely  pubescent,  convex,  much  narrowed  an- 
teriorly, the  fore-margin  moderately  arcuated,  with  the  edge  reflexed,  an  interrupted 
hooked  ochroous  vitta  runs  from  near  the  inner  corner  next  the  eye  to  the  transverse 
impressed  liiiC  dividing  the  lobes,  a  spot  of  the  same  color  near  the  anterior  angle, 
and  a  diaL;oiial  vitta  near  the  humeral  angle;  the  two  exterior  areas  of  the  disk 
mai  ked  witli  cui  ved  coarse  wrinkles,  posterior  lobe  depressed,  transversely  wrinkled, 
having  the  posterior  angles  ]iroductd,  long,  wide,  with  the  outer  corners  a  little 
rounded  ;  me^onotum  convex,  minutely  pid)escent  densely  and  finely  shagreened, 
marked  with  a  twicedoopcd  ochieous  line  which  runs  back  to  behind  the  middle  of 
the  disk,  lind)s  of  the  mesothoracic  cross  yellow,  connected  anteriorly  with  a  short 
curved  streak  of  the  same  color,  reflexed  posterior  and  lateral  margins  also  ochreous, 
the  latter  covered  with  silvery  pubescence  when  fresh  ;  cavities  each  side  and  before 
the  cross  also  silvery  pubescent.  Exposed  part  of  the  metanotum,  and  adjoining 
margin  of  the  abdominal  segment  ochreous.  Wings  hyaline,  tinged  with  dull  ochre- 
ous at  base,  veins  of  the  wing  covers  testaceous  (green  when  fresh?)  more  or  less  in- 
terrupted with  fuscous,  the  costal  nervurc  fuscous,  margined  and  interrupted  with 
testaceous,  excepting  the  apical  portion,  the  two  transverse  veins  which  are  marked 
with  the  brand  a  little  curved, — the  brand  is  either  present  or  absent,  or  sometimes 
forms  only  a  faint  vestige  ;  apical  series  of  nervures  fuscous  in  old  specimens;  nerv- 
ures  of  the  wings  greenish-testaceous,  those  of  the  forward  portion  and  bases  of  all 
the  coarser  nervures  fuscous.  Beneath  testaceous  or  pale  green,  pruinose,  minutely 
pubescent.  Legs  fringed  with  close  white  hair,  the  anterior  and  middle  tibia"',  the 
anterior  femora  and  tarsi,  tips  of  the  tarsi,  nails  and  spines  piceous.  Opercula 
pale,  long  and  wide,  overlapping  along  their  inner  margin,  broadly  rounded  behind, 
extending  far  back,  so  as  to  leave  only  five  ventral  segments  fully  exposed.  Abdomen 
blunt  conical,  tergum  piceous,  but  with  the  base,  last  segment,  excepting  the  black 
patch  at  tip,  and  a  large  sub-quadrate  spot  on  the  segments  next  behind  the  tymbals, 
ochreous.  Areoles  of  the  wing-covers  generally  wider  than  in  P.  maura.  Last  seg- 
ment of  venter  and  also  the  inferior  genital  segment  of  the  male  triangular  emarginate: 
superior  genital  cover  acuminate. 

Length  to  tip  of  abdomen  28  —  30  mm.;  to  tip  of  closed  wing-covers  42  —  45  mm. 
Width  across  base  of  pronotum  l2'/„ — 13  mm. 

Several  specimens  of  this  species  have  passeci  through  my  hands, 
but  at  present  only  three  males  remain  in  my  collection.  One  of  these 
is  from  the  vicinity  of  the  Pecos  river  in  Texas,  and  the  others  were 
captured  in  Arizona.  A  male  specimen  from  Camp  Grant,  Arizona,  had 
a  much  longer  rostrum  than  the  types,  and  it  was  also  destitute  of  the 
brown  brand  of  the  winij-covers. 


To  the  Food  Plants  o{ Empretia  stimulea  given  by  Mr.  Beutenmiiller 
we  can  add  from  personal  observation  Prunus  cerasus  (Common  Cherry) 
and  Smilax  rotundifolia  (Catbrier).  Indeed,  we  have  it  found  more 
commonly  upon  the  latter  than  upon  any  other  food  plant.  Mr.  Hubbard 
reports  it  feeding  upon  the  Orange  in  Florida. 

To  the  food  plants  of  Apafela  americana  we  can  add  Riihus  villosus 
{W^'!i.c\.h&x\y)  2Lnd  Robinia  pseiidacacia  {l^ocMSi).  G.    D.    H. 


—86— 

HANDLING    WASPS    WITHOUT    HARM. 

flV.  L.    Wlldc-r  in  Scifiiw.) 

"It  is  a  fact  not  generall\-  known  that  if  one  holds  his  breath  wasps, 
bees,  and  hornets  can  be  handled  with  impunity.  The  skin  becon^es 
sting-proof,  and,  holding  the  insect  by  the  feet  and  giving  her  full  liberty 
of  action,  you  can  see  her  drive  her  weapon  against  the  impenetrable 
surface  with  a  force  that  lifts  her  body  with  every  stroke  ;  l)Ut  let  the 
smallest  quantity  of  air  escaj)e  from  the  lungs  and  the  sting  will  penetrate 
at  once.  I  have  never  seen  an  exception  to  this  in  25  years'  oliservaiion. 
I  have  taught  young  ladies  with  very  delicate  hands  to  astonish  their 
friends  by  the  performance  of  this  feat,  and  I  saw  one  so  severely  suing 
as  to  require  the  services  of  a  physician  through  laughing  at  a  witty  re- 
mark of  her  sister,  forgetting  that  laughing  required  breath.  For  a  theory 
in  explanation  I  am  led  to  believe  that  hokhng  the  breath  jiartially  closes 
the  pores  of  the  skin.  My  experiments  in  that  direction  have  nut  been 
exact  enough  to  be  of  any  scientific  value,  but  I  am  satisfied  that  it  veiy 
sensibly  affects  the  amount  of  insensible  pers{)iration.'' 

The  above  is  sent  us  by  Mr.  J.  B.  Smith,  who  adds:  — "1  triet! 
it  with  a  y  Polisles  and  got  stung  just  as  1  expected." 

We  think  it  very  probable  (if  the  whole  matter  be  not  intended  as 
a  practical  joke  to  lead  credulous  people  to  suffer  I'rom  their  credulity,) 
that  the  author  of  the  above  has  happened  to  have'  experience  only  with 
male  specimens  of  the  Hymenoptera.  In  these  parts  and  in  Washington 
also,  as  we  should  judge  from  Mr.  Smith's  experience,  it  takes  more  than 
a  holding  of  the  breath  to  cause  the  aggressive  activity  of  the  bu^ine^s  end 
of  a  9  wasp  or  hornet  to  drop  into  "  innocuous  desuetude."  We  will 
however  keep  the  matter  in  mind,  and  when  next  lime  we  find  the  irre- 
pressible "small  boy"  daring  the  wrath  of  Bumblebees  for  the  sake  of  a 
few  cells  of  honey,  will  tell  him  of  this  "easy  method,"  and  will  at  a  safe 
distance  from  boy  and  bee  watch  how  it  works.  If  we  were  given  to 
betting,  we  would  give  odds  that  after  the  experiment  there  would  be  no 
holding  of  the  "  small  bovs"  breath.  G.    D.    H. 


-*"♦-♦- 


In  the  Stettiner  Entomologische  Zeitung,  1887,  Vol.  48,  p.  314,  the 
following  "self-acting"  apparatus  for  separating  the  Insects  from  siltings 
is  described  : — "  Into  a  wide-mouthed  bottle  place  a  cork  through  which 
the  stem  of  a  wide  glass  funnel  is  fitted.  Place  the  siftings  into  a  round 
pasteboard  box  which  fits  snugly  to  the  mouth  of  the  funnel  and  punch 
into  the  bottom  a  series  of  small  holes.  The  Insects  will  make  for  the 
gleams  of  light,  get  out  through  the  holes  and  eventually  drop  into  the 
bc'ttle  below. " — All  extremely  ingenious,  whether  practical  or  not  is  an- 
other question  !  J.    B.   Smith. 


-87- 

A  Revised  Generic  Table  of  the  CHALCIDlNiE. 

By  William  H.   Ashmead. 
Jacksonville,    Florida. 


TABLE   OF  GEXERA. 

Anteniire  inserted  near  or  not  far  from  the  mouth    8 

Antennae  mserted  on  the  middle  of  the  face  or  slightly  below  it. 

Head  without  long  projections  in  front  and  not  deeply  excavated 2 

Head  with  long  projections  and  deeply  excavated. 
Metatliorax  strongly  bidentate. 

AntentiK  i2-jointcd (Gen.  I )  Dirrhinus,  Dalman. 

Antennae  13-jointed (Gen.  2)  Eniaca,  Kirby. 

2  Scutellum  armed  or  produced 7 

Scutellum  unarmed. 

Metatho:  ax  with  a  lateral  tooth  or  projections 6 

Metathorj.x  not  toothed,  without  projections. 

Ovipositor  not  long,  usually  hidden 3 

Ovipositor  exserted  longer  than  the  body. 

Posterior  femora  armed  with  about  8  teeth (G.  3)  Podagrion,   Spinola. 

Posterior  femora  with  one  large  tooth,   followed  by  several  smaller  ones 

(G.  4)  Protoceras,   Kirby. 

3  Abdomen  not  much  produced 4 

Abdomen  much  produced. 

Antennce  13-jointed  ;  abdomen  acutely  roundedly  produced 

(G.  5)   Phasgonophora,  Westwood. 
Antenna;  li -jointed. 

*Abdomen  triangularly  produced (G-  6)  Trigonura,  Sichels. 

**Abdomen  produced  into  a  long  slender  stylus   ..(G.  7)  Thaumatelia,  Kirby 

4  Middle  tibias  spurred 5 

Middle  tibite  not  spurred. 

Antennas  12-  or  13-jointed. 

Posterior  femora  armed  with  one  or  two  teeth,  followed  by  numerous  smaller 

ones (G.  8)  Smicra,  Spinola. 

AntennjB  14-jointed. 

First  abdominal  segment  occupying  most  of  its  surface 

(G.  9)  Epitranus,  Walker. 

5  Posterior  femora  armed  with  many  small  teeth. 

Petiole  long  ;  abdomen  conic  ovate (G.  10)  Spilochalcis,  Thomson. 

Petiole  very  short ;  abdomen  sub-globose (G.  11)  Chalcis,  Fabricius. 

6  Metathorax  with  2  projections  on  each  side  ;  posterior  femora  armed  with  6  to  8 

large  teeth  ;  petiole  long (G.  12)  Diplodontia,  n.  g. 

Metathorax   with  one  large  tooth  on  each  side  ;  posterior  femora  armed  with  6 
large  teeth (G.  13)  Metadontia,  n.  g. 


~S8— 

7  Scutellum  with  a  short,  thick  projection  behind. 

*PetioIe  short. 
Metathorax  with  two  teeth    on  each  side  ;  posterior  femora   armed   with   7  or  S 

teeth (G.  14)  Pseudochalcis,    Kn  liy. 

Scutellum  ending  in  a  raised  bidcntate  plate  ;  posterior  femora  re;4ularly  denti- 

cuLate  ;  antennoe  12-jointed (G.  15)  Megalocolus,  Kubv, 

**Petiole  long. 

Scutellum  bidentate, 
Metathorax  unarmed. 

Hind    coxre   with   leaf-like   projections;  antennas    i4-j6i:ited  :    posteiior 
femora  armed  with  one  large  tooth  and  several  smaller  ones      .... 

(G.  16)  Epin^us,  Kiiby. 
Metathorax  with  two  teeth  on  each  side. 

Posterior   femora  armed  with   one   large  tooth   and  5  or  6  smaller  ones  ; 

antennce   13. jointed (G.  17)   Stypiura,  Kirby . 

Posterior    femora    with    numerous    depressed    punctures    and    with  lai-t;e 

teeth;  antenna-  13-jointed (G.  18)   Epitelia,    Kiiliy. 

8  Petiole  short. 

Ovipositor  exserted  as  long  as  the  abdomen    .  (G.  19)  Acanthochalcis,   Cameron. 
Ovipositor  short,  usually  hidden  ;  posterior  tibia.'  2-spurred. 

Posterior  femora  toothed g 

Posterior  femora  not  toothed. 
Metathorax  without  spines. 

Scutellum  usually  bidentate,  seldom  simple. 

Antenna;  1 1 -jointed (G.  20)  Stomatocera,   Kirby. 

Antennre  12-jointed (G.  21)  Antrocephalus,   Kirby. 

Antenna;  13-jointed (G.  22)  Haltichella,  Spiiiola. 

Scutellum  produced  into  a  long  spine (G.  23)  Aspirhina,  Kirby. 

Metathorax  with  a  spine  on  each  side. 
AntennK  12-jointed  ;  wings  variegated   (G.  24)  Trichoxenia,   Kirby. 

9  Metathorax  with  a  projection  on  each  side 10 

Metathorax  without  projections  at  sides. 

Posterior  femora  with  a  single  large  tooth  ;  antennae   12-jointed 

(G.  25)  Notaspis,  Walker. 
Posterior  femora  with  a  prominent  projection  in  the  middle  ;  antennae  ii-jointed 

(G.  26)  Euchalcis,  Dufour. 

Antennre  13-jointed (G.  27)  Neochalcis,  Kirby. 

Posterior  femora  with  two  obtuse  teeth  and   minutely  denticidate '..... 

(G.  2S)  Hockeria,  Walker. 
Posterior  femora  armed  with  one  large  tooth  and  finely  serrated  ;  petiole  long.  . 

(G.  29)  Anacryptus,  Kirby. 

Posterior  femora  with  7  large  teeth (G.  30)  Chalcitella,  Westwood. 

Posterior  femora  with  many  small  teeth (G.  31  1  Arretocera,   Kirby. 

Posterior  femora  with  the  apical  half  minutely  denticulate 

(G.  32)  Conura,  Spinola. 

10  Antenna;  simple,  12-jointed (G.  33)  Hybothorax,  Ratzburg. 

Antenna;  flabellatc,  lo-jointed (G.  34)  Hippota,  Walker. 


-89- 

LIST  of  the  SPHINGID.^  of  TEMPERATE 
NORTH    AMERICA. 

Hv    |oH\    B.    Smith. 


The  following  s\'non3-mical  List  embodies  the  results  of  my  stiuiies 
in  this  famil\-  now  in  [)ress,  as  a  monograph  of  the  family. 

In  Older  to  assist  in  the  Cabinet  arrangement  of  the  species,  and  to 
t)ring  in  a  condensed  form  the  synonymy  this  list  is  presented  somewhat 
in  advance  of  the  monograph.  The  complete  bibliography,  as  well  as 
the  basis  of  the  synonymy  will  be  given  olsewhere. 

A  few  species  now  in  the  Grote  List  of  1882,  will  he  found  missing 
here.  Thev  are  forms  not  properly  to  be  credited  to  the  fauna  of  tem- 
parate  N\jrth  America,  as  I  hope  to  show  on  some  future  occasion. 

Family  SPHINGIDi^. 

Sub  family  MACROGLOSSINiE. 
Hemaris  Dalm. 

1  palpalis  Grt. 

2  ihetis  Bdv. 

metathctis  Butl. 

3  rubens  Ediv. 

scnhi  Strk. 

4  c\  noglossum  Edzo. 

5  tenuis  Gr/. 

fumosa  Strk. 
r.     diffmis  i3dv. 

fiicifonnis  ;|;  S.  &  A. 
u  ihra  Strk. 

7  axi'.'aris  G.  f^-'  R. 

7)1  a i-g walls  Grt. 
•  groiei  Butl. 

8  gracilis  G.  &f  R. 

9  thysbe  Fabr. 

pc/asgns  Cram. 
cimbicifonnis  Steph. 
e  to  his  Bdv. 
fiiscicaiidis  Wlk. 
var.  ruficaudis  Kirhy. 

uniforviis  G.  &  R. 


— 90— 

pyravius  Bdv. 
floridensis  G.  &  R. 
var.  buffaloensis  G.   ^f  R. 

Lepisesia  Grt. 

JO     flavofasciata  Bariist. 
1 1      ulalume  Strk. 
1  2     euterpe  Ediv. 

1 3  phaeton  G.   &■"  R. 

errata  Bdv. 

14  clarkia^  BJv. 

vic/oruE  Grt. 

1  5     circa?  Khv. 

1 6  gaurai  ^S".   &f  A. 
var.  juanita  S/rk. 

Sub-family  CHCEROCAMPINiE. 

^llopos  Hbn. 

17  tad  us  Cram. 

titan  Cram. 
annulosuin  Swains. 
baltcata  Kirtl. 

18  tantalus  Z/;/?;. 

fripiiiictata  Goeze. 
ZDiiata  Dru. 
/liv'w;/  Linn. 

Enyo  Hbn. 
18     lugubris  Linn. 

fegeus  Cram. 
earner tiis  Cram. 

luctiiosus  Bdv. 

Amphion   Hbn. 
20     nessus  Cram. 

Thyreus  Swains. 

2  I      abbotii  Swains. 

Deidamia  Clem. 

22  inscriptum  Harr. 

Deilephila  Ochs. 

23  gallii 

var.  chamainerii  Harr. 


—91— 

epilohii  Harr. 
intermedia  Kirb}'. 
catiadensis  Gn. 

24  lineata  Fabr. 

daucus  Cram, 
oxybaphi  Clem. 

Choerocampa  Dup. 

25  tersa  Linn. 

Argeus  Hbn. 

26  labrusca;  Linn. 

clot  ho  Fabr. 

Pachylia  Wlk. 

27  ficus  Linn. 

crameri  Menet. 
lyncea  Clem. 
veneziielensis  Schauf. 
Philampelus  Harr. 

28  liniiei  G.   &  R. 

vi/is  X  Cram. 
fdsciatus  \  Grt. 

29  vitis  Lmn. 

JussieucB  Hbn. 
fasciatus  Sulz. 

30  pandorus  Hbfi. 

satellitia  \  Harr. 
ampelophaga  Bdw 
3  1      achemon  Dru. 

crantor  Cram. 
Ampelophaga  Brem.   &  Gray. 

32     chcjenlus  Cram. 

clorinda  Martyn. 

azalece  S.  &  A. 
T,7,     myron  Cram. 

pampinatrix  S.  &  A. 
var.  cnotus  Hbn. 

34  versicolor  Harr. 

Sub-family  SPHINGIN^E 
Amphonyx  Foe). 

35  antceus  Dru. 


-92  — 

jairophcB  Fabr. 
hydaspes  Cram. 
niedor  Cram. 

Dilophonota  Burm. 
36     ello  Linn. 
^j     obscura  Fabr. 

stheno  Hbn. 

rhccbiis  Bdv. 

38  merianaj  Grt. 

oniphalccE  Bdv. 

39  edwardsii  Butl. 

40  melancholica  Grt. 
4  1      f'esta  Ediv. 

Cautethia  Grt 

42  grotei  Edw. 

noctuiformis  |  HS. 

Protoparce  Burm. 

43  celeus  Burm. 

quinqiiemaculata  Haw. 
Carolina  \  Don. 

44  Carolina  Linn. 

45  rustica  Fabr. 

chionanthi  S.  &  A. 

46  cingulata  Fabr. 

afinis  Goetze. 
convolvuli  \  Dru. 
pungens  Eschsch. 
drurcei  Don. 
var.  decolorata  Edw. 

Sphinx  Linn. 

47  kalmioi  ^.   ^  A. 

48  drupiferarum  6".   <Sr"  A. 

Vancouver ensis  Edw. 
var.  utahensis  Ediv. 

49  perelegans  Ediv. 

50  gordius  Cram. 

picci/a  Steph. 

51  luscitiosa  Clem. 

52  albescens  Tepper. 

53  vashti  Strk. 


—93— 

54  libocedrus  Ediv. 

55  chersis  Hbn. 

cinerea  Harr. 
o?'codaphne  Edw. 

56  insolita  Lint. 

57  pinastii  Linn. 

saniptri  Strk. 

58  sequoiae  Bdv. 

(^  coniferanim  |  Wlk. 

59  dollii  Xeiun. 

60  coloradus  Siniih. 

61  elsa  -S/rX'. 

62  canadensis  j^^A'. 

/)/w/a  Mrk 

63  lugens  Wlk. 

ereniiluidcs  Sirk. 
m crops  Bdv. 
andromedea  Bdv. 
sordida  \  Clem. 
separa/us  Neum. 

64  fiemilus  //<^;/. 

sordida  Harr. 

65  plebeius  Fabr. 

66  cupressi  i?^/^'. 

Dolba  Wlk. 

67  hylajus  Z^/v/. 

prini  S.  &  A. 

Chlaenogramma  Smith. 

68  jasminearum  j5r/rA 

Ceratomia  Harr. 

69  amyntor  Hbn. 

quadricor7iis  Harr. 

70  iindulosa  Wlk. 

brontes  \  Bdv. 
repentinus  Cleni.* 

71  hageni  Grt. 

72  catalpffi  -5f/y. 

Ellema  Clem. 

73  harrisii  67<?7;z. 

coni/erar.u/n  \  Harr. 
a(5.  bombycoides  Wlk. 


—94— 

74  pineum  Lint. 

75  coniferarum  S.   &"  A. 

Ciuia  Martyn. 

Exedrium  Grt. 

76  halicarnioe  S/rk. 

Sub  family   SMERINTHIN^ 
Triptogon   Biem. 

77  modesta  Hair. 

prill ceps  Wlk. 
popidicola  lich'. 
cablet  Von  Reiz. 
var.  occidentalis  Edw. 
iiii per  a/or  Stik. 

Smerinthus  Lair. 

78  geminaliis  Say. 

var.  jamaicensis  Dm. 

ocel/afiis  Faljr. 
var.  tripartitus  Grt. 

79  ophthalmicus  Bdv. 
var.  pallidulus  Ediv. 
var.  vancouverensis  Buil. 

80  cervsii  Kir  by 

as/ar/e  Strk. 

Paonias  Hbii. 
8r     excajcatus  ^S".  &  A. 

pavonina  Geyer. 

82  myops  S.   &'  A. 

rosacearum  Bdv. 
jamaicensis  |  Butk 

83  astylus  Dru. 

integerrivia  Hair. 
io  Bdv. 

Cressonia  G.  &  R. 

84  juglandis  S.   &'  A. 

robin sonii  Butk 
pollens  Strk. 

Arctonotus  Bdv. 

85  lucidus  Bdv. 


—95— 

Breeding  Habits  of  Amphicerus  bicaudatus. 

By  H.   (i.   Hubbard. 


I 


The  larva  of  this  beetle,  as  observed  by  me  at  Crescent  City,  Fla., 
lives  in  the  underground  stems  of  a  species  of  Smilax.  This  plant  is  a 
strong-growing  vine,  forming  at  or  just  below  the  surface  of  the  ground 
immense  tangles  of  thickened  rhizomes  which  receive  the  local  name 
"briar  root."  The  living  roola  are  receptacles  in  which  the  plant  stores 
upon  abundant  supply  of  starch  for  the  nourishment  of  the  vigorous 
young  shoots.  At  the  periods  of  grtnvth  these  exhaust  certain  portions 
of  the  subterranean  stem  which  then  die  and  become  dry  and  pithy.  The 
deatl  "roots  "  are  dark  red  i'n  color  and  appear  to  contain  a  large  amount 
of  tannin.  In  this  condition  they  form  favorite  nesting  places  for  Amphi- 
cerus  bicaudatus  and  are  riddled  wiih  their  burrows.  The  larvai  ma\  be 
found  in  large  numbers,  excavating  cylindrical  galleries  in  the  pith,  and 
traversing  its  substance  in  every  direction.  They  were  first  observed  at 
Crescent  City  in  the  Spring  and  early  Summer  1884,  boring  into  a  large 
mass  of  roots  which  had  been  grubbed  from  the  woods  the  year  before 
and  fastened  up  under  the  shelter  of  a  veranda  roof  to  form  a  rustic  orna- 
ment. During  the  Summer  of  1884  a  large  amount  of  fine  sawdust  was 
thrown  out  from  the  burrows  by  the  larvae,  but  the  latter  did  not  attain 
their  full  growth  until  the  following  year,  and  at  the  time  of  pupating 
were  certainly  two,  and  very  probably  three  years  from  the  Qg%.  Pupas 
were  found  in  March  and  April  18S5,  and  imagos  appeared  a  month 
later. 

A  description  of  the  larva  which,  in  general  appearance,  resembles 
that  of  Apaie,  Dinapate  and  allied  species,  I  hope  to  give  at  another  oc- 
casion. The  pupae  were  found  naked  in  the  galleries  made  by  the  larva:- 
or  by  the  perfect  insects.  A.  bicaudatus  is  a  rather  common  insect  in  the 
Southern  States  and  still  more  abundant  in  the  North.  The  imago  ha^ 
long  been  known  to  bore  into  the  living  twigs  of  cultivated  trees,  and  the 
injury  thus  done  is  frequently  described  in  works  on  economic  Entomo- 
logy but  the  habits  of  the  larva  have  hitherto  remained  unknown. 

I  firmly  believe  that  in  the  more  Northern  States  A.  bicaudatus  will 
likewise  be  found  to  breed  in  the  subterranean  stems  of  Smilax  whic'i 
abounds  in  our  woods.  That  allied  Bostrychid  beetles  have  similar 
habits  has  been  proven  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Schwarz,  and  I  append  here  the 
following  notes  which  he  placed  at  my  disposal  upon  his  return  from  a 
visit  to  South-eastern  Florida  : 

"On  the  island  of  Key  West  and  on  the  mainland  a  few  miles  south 
of  Miami  River  I  found  in  the  months  of  April  and  May  the  imagos  of 
Amphicerus punctipennis  and   Tetrapriocera  longicornis,   the  former  ver\- 


—  g6  — 

rare,  the  latter  in  great  abundance,  boring  into  the  living  trunks  and 
branches  o{  Rhus  meiophan  and  also  other  trees,  but  I  never  was  able  to 
find  the  larva;  of  either  species  in  the  trees  so  attacked.  Finally,  one  day 
my  attention  was  attracted  by  numerous  dead  roots  of  a  species  of  Smilax 
which  protruded  from  the  ground  in  a  newly  cleared  and  burned  tract 
within  the  hammock.  These  half-burned  roots  proved  on  examination 
to  be  inhabited  and  honeycombed  by  numerous  specimens  of  Teiraprio- 
cera  longicornis,  larvae  and  imagos,  and  after  protracted  research  1  also 
ioy\xvdi\)cLQ.\\xi2i^^oo[A7nphiceriispimctipennis  and  what  no  doubt  is  the 
larva  of  this  species.  Investigation  on  places  not  recently  affected  by  fire 
revealed  the  fact  that  among  the  living  Sniilax  roots  there  were  always 
some  dead  ones  to  be  found  in  the  ground  and  these  were  usually  in- 
fested with  the  Tetrapriocera  larvne.  The  half-roasted  roots,  which  are 
as  hard  as  stone,  had,  however,  evidently  a  greater  attraction  to  these 
Bostrychid  beetles  than  those  not  affected  by  fire. " 


In  Vol.  48  of  the  Stettiner  Entomologische  Zeitung,  18S7,  p.  315, 
is  an  interesting  account  of  how  very  dirty,  non-pubescent  beetles  mav 
be  entirely  cleaned,  when  ordinary  washing  will  not  produce  the  desired 
result,  'rhe  specimens  experimented  with  were  bright  PhancEiis  species. 
They  were  carefully  washed  in  soap  and  water,  thoroughly  rinsed,  the 
moisture  removed  as  far  as  possible  with  blotting  paper,  and  were  trans- 
ferred for  several  days  in  sulphuric  ether.  After  removal  from  this  thev 
were  again  tried  with  blotting  paper  and  the  dirty  spots  painted  with 
Collodium  so  as  to  form  a  rather  thick  film.  When  firmly  set,  this  film  can 
be  easily  loosened  at  one  edge  and  with  a  fine  forceps  removed  entirely — 
and  with  it  also  all  particles  of  dirt. 

In  the  same  Journal  Mr.  Moeschler  reviews  Elwes'  paper  on  the 
genus  Pamassms,  and  incidentally  mentions  some  good  things  :  Elwes 
cjuotes  a  translation  h'om  Sicbold,  not  having  seen  the  original:  "not 
sei(l(im  found  on  recently  dead  horses  in  the  lower  mountam  vallevs  of 
Austria  and  Hungary!  !  !"  referring  thereby  to  the  larva  of  Pamassms 
T7incinosvnc.  Moeschler  has  hunted  out  the  original  which  reads  "  sie 
sind  von  dem  jiingst  verstorbenen  Rossi  in  den  niederen  Gebirgsthalern 
Oesterreichs  und  Ungarns  nicht  selten  angetroft'en  worden."  The  intel- 
ligent translator  read  "Rossc"  (horses)  instead  of  Rossi,  hence  the 
blunder.  It  should  read — not  seldom  found  by  the  recently  deceased 
Rossi  &c. ,  &c. 

A  German  translator  of  Wallace's  travels  managed  a  sentence  so  as 
to  record  the  capture  of  "a  large  number  of  Butterflies,  many  of  which 
were  Lepidoptera. " 

Moeschler  himself,  reading  Hulst's  paper  on  Ca/oca/a,  ran  across 
the  statement  that  the  larva  of  C.  Dwiiiia  feeds  on  Locusts.  Now  the  only 
translation  of  Locust  that  he  could  get  anywhere  in  Lexicons  grasshopper 
(Heuschrecke),  and  it  was  not  until  he  applied  to  Zeller  that  he  was 
enlightened  !  J.    B.    Smith. 


—97— 

Nkwport,   R.  I.,   Jn.v  6ih,    1888. 
Editor  of  Entomologica  Americana. 

Dear  Sir:  — I  observed  in  the  July  number  of  Ento.  Am.  a  criticism 
by  Dr.  J.  Hamilton  of  AUgheny,  Penn.,  concerning  some  remarks  re- 
cently published  by  the  writer  in  this  Journal,  and  my  attention  had  but 
a  few  weeks  before  been  called  to  a  singularly  unjust  paper  relating  to 
myself  published  by  this  same  celebrated  authority  about  a  year  since  m 
the  Canadian  Entomologist.  The  latter  is  unjust  ami  discriminating  in 
that  it  extols  in  one  entomologist  that  which  it  condemns  in  another. 
To  .sav  that  these  articles  display  a  certain  ill-disguised  animus  is  surely 
superlluous.  and  I  should  have  passed  them  by  without  notice,  were  it 
not  for  the  fact  that  the  limited  powers  of  apprehension  alluded  to  by  our 
worthy  critic,  so  distort  my  meaning  that  to  refrain  from  some  sort  of  a 
rejoinder  would  only  be  an  injustice  to  myself 

It  was  not  intended  by  the  language  used  to  say  that  the  authors  of 
the  Classification  were  the  "synthesists  with  philanthropic  desire  etc.," 
and,  in  fact,  any  such  statement  would  have  been  incongruous,  for  these 
authors  differed  considerably  in  their  methods.  There  was  nothing  per- 
sonal intended,  and  none  other  than  a  disingenuous  imagination  could 
so  construe  it. 

Entomologists  in  general  may  be  ranged  into  two  classes,  the  line  of 
demarcation  being  more  or  less  pronounced,  one  of  which  is  composed 
of  those  who  devote  themselves  principally  to  analysis  or  the  discussion 
of  difterences,  and  who  patiently  explore  all  available  material  with  the 
ultimate  object  of  deriving  some  law  of  variation  which  will  enable  them 
to  perceive  more  clearly  the  solution  of  the  vexed  question  of  specific  li- 
mitation. The  components  of  the  other  class  are  more  careless  or  im- 
patient workers  who,  on  arriving  at  a  ])oint  requiring  painstaking  and 
minute  observation  in  the  separation  of  species  or  varieties,  surmount  the 
difficulty  at  a  bound  by  combining  all  these  forms  into  a  composite  entity, 
without  indicating  any  of  the  salient  points  of  difference  which  become 
so  prominent  to  those  who  are  accustomed  to  careful  observation. 

It  may  be  that  the  investigators  of  the  first  class  make  mistakes  re- 
garding the  specific  value  of  certain  characters,  but  they  are  the  real  ad- 
vancers of  the  Science,  and  are  the  ones  who  in  the  end  will  bring  to 
light  any  demonstrable  laws  of  specific  development  or  of  introspecific 
variation,  although  in  their  efforts  they  may  somewhat  increase  the  com- 
plexity of  nomenclature. 

In  the  concluding  paragraph  of  the  article  on  "Thoroughness  in  Ento- 
mological Tables,"'  the  synthesists  referred  to  were  those  comprised  in  the 
second  class  above  outlined,  called  less  euphoniously  -'slumpers''  by  the 
European  scientists. 


-98- 

I  do  not  feel  called  upon  to  dilate  upon  the  general  petulance  of 
Dr.  Hamilton's  letter,  and  will  intrude  but  a  little  further  upon  your 
valuable  space. 

All  entomological  tables  are  condensed,  synthetic  statements,  when 
regarded  in  their  entirety  as  genera  or  groups,  but  analytic  with  reference 
to  the  species  or  genera  which  respectively  compose  them,  so  that  the 
surprise  exhibited  by  our  non-captious  critic  at  my  attempt  to  use  a  syn- 
thetic table  for  analytic  purposes  is  not  very  intelligible  ;  but,  as  before 
indicated,  the  meanmg  which  I  wished  to  convey  by  the  word  synthesis, 
and  which  has  been  so  ingeniously  misinterpreted,  was  two-fold  viz:  that 
of  too  great  concentration  in  tables,  and  the  process  of  "slumping"  closely 
allied  forms  under  a  single  characterization.  In  other  wxu'ds  there  are  a 
great  man\^  entomological  tables  in  existence,  of  which  one  only  was 
cited  as -an  example,  which  might  be  slightly  less  condensed,  and,  through 
greater  completeness,  might  be  rendered  less  ambiguous.  I  am  credited 
here  with  having  possibly  made  a  discovery,  but  this  is  really  too  much 
honor  to  be  paid  the  mere  statement  of  an  axiom. 

Very  truly  }ours, 

T.    L.   Casey. 

Note  on  Species  of  Boarmia. 
By  A.    R.   Grotk,    A.  M. 

In  reference  to  my  descriptions  of  Western  forms  belonging  to  Bo- 
armia zxxcS.  which  are  brief!}'  discussed  by  Mr.  Hulst  on  page  50,  I  would 
state  that  my  remark,  on  page  124  of  Can.  Ent. ,  Vol.  XV,  printed  after 
the  description  of  ^T/.s-ft?;-?;?,  should  follow  that  of,  the  ensuing  species, 
separaiaria.  By  a  mistake,  in  transcribing  my  notes,  I  must  have  allowed 
this  comparison  to  follow  the  wrong  species.  The  remark  should  read  : 
"This  cannot  be  the  male  (not  female)  o{ pulmonaria.''  I  made  this  re- 
mark, as  I  recollect,  because  the  undersurface  was  discolorous  and  im- 
inaculaie  though  darker  i\ya\\  piili/ionaria,  but  the  color  of  upper  surface 
and  size  and  markings  in  detail  lead  me  to  consider  the  two  distinct,  not 
sexes  of  one  species,  which  IMr.  Hulst  suggests,  and  which  doubt  more 
material  will  clear  up.  As  to  riifaria,  I  rely  upon  the  more  cut  off  se- 
condaries to  prove  its  validity,  but  as  I  compare  it  wrongly  w^ith  separa- 
tai-ia,  this  character  may  not  hold  good.  As  to  its  strange  color  I  know 
of  no  such  instance  in  the  genus.  Mr.  Hulst's  remarks  as  to  these  seven 
species,  from  his  experience  in  the  family,  will  doubtless  allow^  of  their 
better  arrangement,  although  in  most  cases  my  comparisons  agree;  and 
1  am  also  of  opinion  that  the  species  should  stand  until  we  have  more 
light.    So  far  as  I  know,  the  variability  of  these  gray,  wavy-lined  spanners. 


—99— 

is  ccnlincd  lo  certain  limits  which  will  not  allow  us  to  embrace  any  of 
the  above  species  as  varieties.  But  my  experience  is  limited  and  it  would 
not  be  strange  were  the  fact  to  be  afterwards  proven. 

^-♦-o- 

Note  upon   iEgeria  impropria,  H.  E.,   and  a  description 

of  the    9. 
By  J.   J.   Rivers. 

University    of   California. 

The  habit  of  this  insect  has  hitherto  been  traced  to  the  roots  and 
lower  parts  of  the  canes  of  the  garden  Raspberries.  But  this  season  it 
was  found  equally  at  home  in  the  roots  of  the  cultivated  sorts  of  Black- 
berries, causing  foliage  and  fruit  to  be  dwarfed  and  dried  and  valueless. 
I  suspect  that  some  other  observer  will  discover  that  this  insect  is  also  ad- 
dicted to  the  native  species  of  Brambles  though  I  have  been  altogether 
unsuccessful  in  tracing  it  to  such  a  source. 

The  author  of  this  species  (Papilio,  Vol.  I,  p.  193)  described  the  J^ 
of  this  insect  and  which  is  a  good  description  of  the  t}pical  male.  But 
there  are  examples  that  occur  with  three  abdominal  bands  of  pale  yellow 
and  when  three  are  present  the  third  is  at  the  base  of  the  anal  tuft.  An- 
other variation  shows  a  tendency  in  the  male  to  imitate  the  dorsal  mark- 
ings of  the  female  by  having  well  developed  yellow  bands  on  the  2nd, 
4th  and  6th  segments  and  on  the  dorsum  of  all  the  other  segments  is  to 
be  seen  a  cluster  of  yellow  scales  forming  a  nucleus  of  a  yellow  band. 

Description  of  the  female :  Fore-wings  nearly  opaque,  the  vitreous  spaces 
being  nearly  obliterated  by  a  covering  of  dull  orange  scales  ;  though  a  coppery  tint 
is  the  general  shade  yet  a  broad  line  of  dull  purple  traverses  the  costal  region,  the 
nervules  and  the  stigmata.  Hind-wings  as  in  the  male  but  with  the  fringes  of  the 
inner  margin  more  flecked  with  yellow  which  darkens  into  a  coppery  bronze  as  an 
outer  marginal  line;  the  remainder  of  the  fringes  is  of  a  dull  bronze.  Abdomen  black 
with  purple  reflections,  yellowish  golden  bands  are  on  all  the  segments  but  the  first 
and  third  and  even  these  exempted  segments  sometimes  have  a  central  spot  of  golden 
scales.  Caudal  tuft  shorter  than  in  the  rf',  distinctly  orange  golden,  the  centre 
blackish  purple  and  towards  the  outer  portion  it  is  slightly  flecked  with  black.  Be- 
neath, wings  rich  golden  with  the  palpse,  coxaj,  and  abdominal  rings  paler.  Ab- 
domen, stigmata  and  nervules  more  or  less  dark  purple  though  the  base  of  the  fore 
wings  and  some  of  the  nervules  of  the  hind  wings  are  orange  golden.  Antennae 
shorter  than  in  the  nf  and  without  the  pectinations  found  in  that  sex.  Expanse,  I9 
to  22  mm.     Males  vary  in  expanse,  13  to  22  mm. 


Book   Notices. 

Nouveaux  Genres  et  Especes  de  Phycitid£e  et  Galleriidae,  by  E.  L.  Ragonot, 
April   1888.     Published  privately  by  the  author. 

In  the  above  pamphlet  of  52  pages  Mr.  Ragonot  publishes  very  brief 

descriptions  of  61  new  genera  and  230  new  species  of  Phycitidas  and  Gal- 


— 100 — 

leridae  from  various  parts  of  the  world.  We  call  attention  the  more  par- 
ticularly to  this  publication  as  it  is  published  privately,  and  so  can  not, 
save  by  a  chance,  be  obtained,  and  because  ni  it  are  described  two  North 
American  genera  and  species,  viz:  Diviana  eudoriella  and  Calera puncti- 
JimbeUa.  Mr.  Ragonot  also  proposes  a  substitute  for  one  of  his  American 
generic  names  previously  described  but  preoccupied,  viz  :  Dolichorrhijiia 
instead  of  Macrorrhinia.  Mr.  Grote  has  already  proposed  Ragonotia 
instead  of  Ciris. 

We  cair attention  to  one  other  thing  which  is  justly  exasperating  to 
the  American  student,  viz  :  the  carelessness  of  our  European  co-workers 
in  the  giving  of  localities.  Diviana  eudoriella  has  its  locality  given  as 
"Amerique  Sept,"  It  does  seem  that  no  longer  ought  any  European  to 
look  upon  North  America  as  corresponding  geographically  with  France, 
England  or  Palestine.  Staudinger  includes  in  the  European  Fauna, 
Europe  proper,  N.  Africa,  Northern,  Central  and  South-western  Asia,  as 
well  as  the  Amur  country.  How  delightful  it  would  be  to  have  a  de- 
scriber  give  the  locality  of  insects,  one  from  N.  Africa,  one  from  England, 
one  from  Greece,  one  from  Amur,  each  and  all  as  '"Europe."  Yet  this 
is  an  exact  parallel  to  the  giving  of  "  North  America''  as  the  locality  of 
insects  from  Greenland,  Alaska,  Florida  and  California,  as  the  chance 
may  be.  We  speak  of  this  just  now  using  Mr.  Ragonot's  work  as  a  text, 
but  it  is  an  evil  which  has  long  existed,  and  among  the  best  European 
Entomologists,  but  it  is  an  evil  which  ought  not  to  exist  any  longer. 
With  some  writers  the  evil  is  increased  as  North  America  is  taken  not  in 
the  faunal  but  in  the  geographical  sense,  and  species  from  Mexico,  the 
West  Indies  and  Guatemala  are  included  under  the  term  "North  America." 
Indeed,  Mr.  Ragonot  himself  in  his  "Diagnoses  on  N.  American  Phyci- 
tidce  and  Galleridx  "  describes  2  species  from  the  West  Indies,  and  2  from 
Mexico.  It  is  therefore  possible  that  from  the  faunal  standpoint  Diviana 
eudoriella  is  not  North  American. 


Books  and  Pamphlets  received  during  May  1888. 

Proc.  Acad,  of  Nat.   Sciences  Phila,  Part  i,  'SS. 

Proc.   Amer.   Phil.   Society,  No.  127. 

Prairie   Farmer,  May,   '88. 

Societas  Entomologica,  Part  i,  April,   '88. 

Am.   Monthly  Microscopical  Journal,  April,   '88. 

Report  of  Statitician  U.  S.   Dep't  of  Agric,  new  series,  No.  50. 

Canadian  Entomologist,   \'ol.  XX,  No.  5. 

Notes  on  Lachnosterna,  by  Dr.  Geo.  H.   Horn. 

Psyche,   Vol.  V,   No.  145. 

Natura2  novitates,   Nos.  9  and  10. 

Bulletin  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Belgium,   April  and  May,  '88. 

Some  Pests  of  the  Pomologist,  by  Prot.  J.  A.  Lintner. 


AmerigAna 


VOL.  I¥.        BROOKLYN,  SEPTEMBER,  1888. 


NO,  6, 


PROCEEDINGS    OF    THE    ENTOMOLOGICAL    CLUB 
OF  THE  A.  A.  A.  S. 


August  15,  1888. — Tlie  Club  met  as  per  announcemenl  at  9  A.  M. 
with  the  President,  Mr.  John  B.  Smitii  in  the  chair.  In  the  absence  of 
the  Secretary,  Prof.  A.  J.  Cook,  the  Club  jiroceeded  to  election  of 
Secretary  for  the  Clevehmd  meetmg,  resuUiiig  in  the  election  of  Prof 
Heiibert  Osborn, 

The  Club  then  adjourned  to  meet  at  1:15  P.  M. 

Afternoon  Session. 

The  President  delivered   his  annual   addiess. 

ANNUAL    ADDRESS. 

Gentlemen  :  The  selection  of  a  subject  for  an  annual  address  is  not 
always  an  easy  one  : — it  should  be  of  general  intere-.t,  of  actual  value, 
and  not  addressed  to  one  jiarticular  branch  of  our  very  extensive  field  of 
study.  In  looking  over  the  older  records  of  our  Clul),  and  of  the  Ento- 
mological section  of  tlie  Association,  I  find  that  it  has  been  quite  usual 
to  give  an  review  of  the  work  done  during  tlie  previous  year,  with  com- 
ments and  suggestions,-  often  of  great  value.  It  has  been  a  matter  of  ci^n- 
siderable  interest  to  me  to  find  that  in  almost  every  instance  the  presidmg 
officer  has  been  able  to  mark  a  decided  advance  in  our  Science,  and  to 
find  a  decided  increase  of  interest  in  the  studv  of  Entomoh.)g\'.  .At  our 
last  meeting,  our  then  President,  Prof  Comstock  selected  a  somewhut 
different,  but  none  the  less  interesting  subject  for  his  address,  and  thus 
furnished  a  precedent  of  which  1  gladly  avail  myself  Tlie  task  of  trving 
to  show  the  advance  in  our  Science  by  a  review  of  the  publications  during 


the  year,  is  a  very  great  one,  and  becoming  greater  and  more  involved 
each  year.  Feeling  that  I  could  not  do  such  justice  lo  that  subject  as  it 
deserved,  it  occurred  to  me  that  as  good  a  service  might  be  done  by  an 
even  cursory  glance  at  our  materials  for  work — in  other  words  our  Ento- 
mological collections.      My  subject  shall  therefor  be: 

Entomology    and    Entomological   Collections 
in  the  United  States. 

In  the  status  of  Entomology  in  our  country  a  gradual  and  great  re- 
volution has  been  accomplished  of  late  days.  It  is  not  so  long  since 
Entomologists  were  looked  upon  as  triflers,  even  by  other  students  of 
Natural  History  and  only  recently  the  launan  did  ntit  rank  him  among 
persons  of  sound  mind. 

The  steady  labor  of  our  Systematists,  the  value  of  their  results  in 
questions  of  general  Biology,  and  for  large  generalizations,  have  gradually 
won  for  us  the  respect  of  the  workers  in  other  fields,  whilst  the  value  of 
the  labors  of  the  economic  entomologist  to  the  farmer  is  becoming  con- 
stantly better  appreciated  In  the  so-called  "Hatch  Bill,"  with  the  main 
provisions  of  which  most  of  the  gentlemen  present  are  as  well  acquainted 
as  I  am — apprnpriation  was  made  to  State  Agricultural  Experiment 
Stations,  and  among  other  officers,  Entomologists  have  been  appointed 
in  many  of  the  States,  showing  a  realization  of  the  necessity  for  such  an 
(ifficer  in  each  State  to  study  the  local  needs. 

It  also  places  Entomology  into  the  rank  of  professions,  and  as  soon 
as  it  becomes  generally  known  that  money  may  be  made  by  it,  even  the 
last  and  most  weighty  reproach  showered  upon  the  rash  young  man  who 
showed  an  inclination  to  the  study  of  Entomology  will  lose  force.  It 
adds  to  the  corps  of  working  Entomologists  a  considerable  number  of 
men,  some  of  whom  at  least,  will  advantage  the  study  of  our  Science. 

It  will  iindoubtedl}'  also  add  to  our  literature,  and  it  is  a  matter  of 
some  interest  lo  watch  and  ascertain  what  the  nature  of  these  contributions 
will  be.  The  great  majority  of  those  already  issued  certainly  do  not 
promise  well,  and  are  a  misfortune  rather  than  otherwise.  Judgment 
however  must  be  suspended  until  further,  and  perhaps  better  considered 
reports  appear. 

A  certain  amount  of  compilation  will  undoubtedly  be  necessary,  but 
it  may  be  as  well  to  suggest  that  a  single  obscure  point  cleared  up,  a 
single  life-history  well  worked  out,  or  a  single  series  of  original  experi- 
ments well  carried  on  will  add  more  value  to  a  Report,  than  any  number 
of  second-hand  accounts. 

The  scientific  side  of  our  study  has  made  a  steady  advance,  not 
marked  by  any  prominent  features  calling  for  special  reference  here. 


— 103— 

The  second,  and  most  important  branch  of  my  subject,  is  the  "Ento- 
mological Colleclions  of  the  United  States." 

Considerable  has  been  written  during  the  past  year  of  the  educational 
value  of  entomological  collections,  principally  in  the  "Entomologist." 
The  collection  and  systematic  arrangement  of  any  series  of  specimens  is 
undoubtedly  educational  to  some  extent ;  but  in  entomological  collections 
neatness,  patience  and  accuracy  are  cultivated,  while,  if  the  collector  is 
at  the  same  lime  a  student,  it  brings  all  his  powers  of  observation  into 
play,  and  the  training  is  useful  in  developing  all  his  faculties. 

No  one  will  question  the  fact  that  numerous,  well  determined  and 
easily  accessible  collections  are  the  best  possible  aids  and  enciters  to  the 
study  of  any  branch  of  Science,  and  many  a  promising  young  fellow  has 
abandoned  Entomology  simply  because  there  was  no  collection  to  which 
he  could  refer  for  suggestions  or  determinations. 

Although  the  number  of  private  collections  in  the  United  States  is 
much  smaller  than  in  any  European  country  (Turkey  perhaps  excepted) 
yet  their  number  is  quite  large,  at  least  in  Coleoptera  and  Lepidoptera, 
if  the  record  in  the  Naturalist's  Directory  may  be  taken  as  a  guide. 

But — there  are  collections  and  collections.  We  have  the  acumulation 
of  handsome  specimens  arranged  in  Stars,  Eagles,  Harps  and  other  at- 
tractive forms  on  the  walls  of  rooms  and  in  Museums — save  the  mark — 
and  every  intergrade  between  that,  and  really  scientific  collections. 

Most  of  our  collections  made  by  individuals  occupy  a  somewhat 
intermediate  standpoint— that  is  they  are  rather  above  the  level  of  a  picture 
collection,  and  do  not  attain  the  level  of  a  collection  which  could  be  made 
useful  to  Science,  by  the  owner  hmiself  or  any  one  else. 

The  reasons  are  partly  want  of  time  on  the  part  of  the  owner,  partly 
the  want  of  suitable  illustrated  and  comprehensive  literature  to  bridge 
over  the  interspace  between  the  childish  collector  and  the  investigator  and 
critical  examiner  and  particularly  the  difficulty  of  overcoming  the  "col- 
lecting mania." 

This  "mania"  does  not  run  to  careful  and  thorough  field  work — 
unfortunately  not — it  runs  to  the  acumulation  of  material  in  any  way, 
collection,  exchange,  purchase— all  things  are  tried  so  that  you  can  get 
what  your  neighbor  has  and  perhaps  some  thing  on  the  list  that  he  does 
not  have.  The  result  is  that  collections  are  everywhere  much  the  same. 
The  same  Cicindelce — the  same  CeravibycidiE—ihQ  same  BombycidcB — 
much  the  same  Noctuida;—\.h.e  same  stock  rarities  are  represented  in 
all  collections. 

This  leads  to  another,  and  perhaps  the  most  grivous  fault  in  most 
of  our  collections.  Specimens  are  received  as  a  certain  species  and  placed 
as  such.     Few  collectors  will  undertake  to  verify  the  determination  of 


— 104  — 

specimens  received  and  the  species  so  named  is  liable  to  infect  any  num- 
ber of  others  in  the  same  way.  I  find  the  same  blunders  in  collection 
upon  collection  and  often  traceable  back  to  one  source,  where  a  careless 
collector  mixed  things. 

A  little  care  on  the  part  of  recipients  would  save  much  of  this. 
To  one  phase  of  the  "collecting  mania"  no  objection  can  be  made 
— on  the  contrary  it  is  deserving  of  all  encouragement — it  is  when  it  takes 
the  form  of  exhaustive  research  in  a  definite  locality,  turning  up  every- 
thing discoverable ;  or  when  it  runs  in  the  accumulation  of  all  possible 
material  in  a  limited  group.  I  wish  I  could  impress  upon  the  collectors 
the  desirability  of  careful  field  work.  The  best  material,  and  the  most 
valuable  should  be  collected  by  yourself.  It  obtains  value  from  the 
number,  the  date  and  the  locality,  from  the  variations,  individual  and 
local,  which  it  indicates. 

In  a  well  covered  locality  like  Washington  for  instance  new  species 
and  rarities  even  in  Coleoptera  are  turning  up  every  year.  This  season 
even  so  prominent  a  genus  as  Lachnosterna  furnished  a  new  species  not 
known  when  Dr.  Horn  wrote,  and  the  species  is  the  largest  that  occurs 
there. 

A  knowledge  of  what  we  have,  will  perhaps  serve  as  a  guide  to  those 
interested,  and  suggest  lines  in  which  collections 'might  be  accumulated. 
I  shall  make  no  pretence  to  completeness  in  the  enumeration,  for  I 
am  personally  unacquainted  with  an\'  of  the  Western  collections,  while 
most  of  the  Eastern  collections  containing  good  material  are  known  tome 
personally  or  by  report. 

The  center  of  population  is  rapidly  moving  westward,  and  ap- 
proaches the  Mississippi ;  but  the  scientific  life  of  the  nation  still  enters 
in  the  great  cities  along  the  Atlantic  coast.  The  good  collections  west 
of  the  Mississippi  might  almost  be  told  off  on  the  fingers  of  one  hand, 
while  all  the  really  valuable  collections  in  that  vast  region  west  of  the 
Alleghanies  can  be  counted  on  the  fingers  of  both  hands. 

Several  good  nuclei  e.xist  however  and  will  be  more  particularly  re- 
ferred to  hereafter. 

In  my  enumeration  of  collections  I  will  first  enumerate  all  the  private 
collections,  and  afte'rward  those  of  Public  Institutions.  They  deserve  se- 
parate treatment,  because  while  individual  collections  are  often  of  the 
largest  value,  they  are  always  less  accessible,  and  are  sure  to  be  either 
broken  up,  or  absorbed  into  some  public  Institution. 

The  various  orders  are  very  unequally  studied,  and  collections  are 
rare  or  numerous  accordingly.  So  far  as  I  am  aware,  there  is  not  a  single 
individual  collection  in  which  there  is  any  pretence  of  an  equal  attention 
to  all  orders.     The  day  of  general  collectors,  equally  at  home  in  all  di- 


— 105  — 

visions  of  the  Insecta  lias  gone  by,  and  while  some  few  collectors  have  starleci 
with  the  idea  of  making  accumulations  in  all  orders  lhe_v  have  gradually 
drifted  into  a  specialty  and  the  rest  of  the  collection  remains  at  a  stanilsull. 

But  what  has  become  of  the  general  collections  of  our  greai  Kiito- 
mologists  of  the  past!  Every  one  knows  the  fate  f)f  the  Say  ct)lleciion  — 
lost,  utterly  lost,  by  tlie  ignorance  and  stupicliiy  ol  those  wIk-sc  duly  .t 
was  to  secure  its  preservation. 

The  Harris  collection,  classic  and  \aluahle  from  the  work  put  uiH)n 
it  bv  its  owner,  though  not  very  extensive,  narrowly  escaped  the  same 
fate.  It  is  now  in  the  Museum  of  the  Boston  Society  of  Natural  History 
under  the  care  of  Mr.  Henshaw  ;  it  seems  but  a  wreck  of  its  former  self  yet 
valuable  as  a  guide  to  Dr.  Harris'  meaning  in  some  instances. 

The  Walsh  collection  died  a  more  heroic  death  It  perished  in  the 
Chicago  fire,  and  thus  probably  escaped  being  devoured  by  Anthreni.* 

The  Fitch  collection  was  practically  ruined  even  while  in  the  hands 
of  its  owner,  and  afterward,  its  treatment  in  the  hands  of  the  agent  who 
had  it  for  sale,  was  not  calculated  to  improve  its  value.  It  is  now  scat- 
tered in  every  direction,  and  utterly  lost. 

Prof  Riley's  collection  rests  in  the  National  Museum.  The  Professor 
was  wise  enough  to  so  dispose  of  it  by  gift  to  the  Mu^■JtlIn  in  his  life- 
time as  to  preserve  its  value  both  to  posterity  and  himseli. 

The  Hatch  Bill,  already  referred  to,  will  probably  have  the  effect  of 
starting  at  each  of  the  Ex])eriment  Stations,  a  general  collection,  mostly 
local,  and  valuable  or  valueless,  according  to  the  capacity  or  intelligence 
of  its  entomological  officer.  If  he  makes  it  the  record  of  work  done,  by 
preserving  not  only  insects,  but  immature  states,  samples  of  injury,  and 
all  the  steps  of  his  investigations,  as  well  as  his  general  collections,  the 
result  will  be  a  valuable  one.  It  will  excite  interest,  convey  information, 
and  aid  the  /yro — that  important  factor,  the  cultivation  of  which  is  so 
important  to  secure  new  workers  in  our  Science. 

Of  gen'.-ral  collections,  perhaps  the  only  one  in  whiLh  approximatelv 
equal  attention  is  paid  to  all  orders,  is  that  of  Mr.  looker,  in  Chicago 
Mr.  Bolter  is  probably  the  oldest  of  our  collectors,  his  labors  extending 
over  a  period  of  forty  \ears.  During  this  time  Mr.  Holier  has  visited 
nearlv  all  parts  of  the  United  States  on  collecting  trips  and  has  acumu- 
lated  a  large  mass  of  material  of  great  value.  This  has  been  determined 
in  all  orders  by  Specialists,  and  is  therefore  valual)le  accordingly.  ]\Ir. 
Bolter  has  done  no  original  entomological  work. 

Quite  of  a  different  character  is  the  collection  of  Mr.  Henry  Edwards, 
practically  general  in  extent,  since  it  contains  material  in  all  orders:  exce[U 
in  Lepidoptera  and  Coleoptera,  however  in  a  more  or  less  chaotic  con- 

*   Prof.  Forbes  informs  me  that  some  l)oxes  did  go  to  Anllirt'iii,   not  havint;  been 
sent  to  Chicago  in  time  to  be  burneil. 


—  io6  — 

dition.  It  is  a  store  house  of  surprises  to  the  Specialist.  Mr.  Edwards' 
work  has  been  in  Lepidoptera,  and  the  collection  will  be  again  referred 
to  under  that  order. 

So  far  as  I  am  aware  there  is  not  another  individual  general  collec- 
tion of  any  extent,  though  there  are  several  which  will  be  hereafter  referred 
to — collections  of  Specialists  who  also  sgllect  without  studying,  other 
orders. 

The  Coleoptera  have  perhaps  the  greatest  number  of  admirers  among 
the  Entomologists,  and  collections  are  therefore  most  numerous  and  ex- 
tensive. They  are  also  best  named,  the  literature  is  most  complete,  and 
the  student  has  must  encouragement  to  persevere. 

The  collection  of  Dr.  Horn  of  Philadelphia,  ranks  easily  as  the  best 
in  the  United  States.  Not  only  does  it  contain  very  nearly  all  of  the  types 
of  the  Doctor's  numerous  species,  but  it  contains  also  many  types  of  Dr. 
Leconte,  and  an  almost  complete  series  of  species  compared  with  Dr. 
Leconte's  types. 

Dr.  Horn  believes  in  small,  tight,  shallow  wooden  boxes,  with  a 
cork  lining ;  one  side  only  filled  with  Insects.  These  boxes  are  set  on 
their  sides,  in  rows,  in  plain  shelved  cabinets.  The  collection  is  acces- 
sible to  any  one  who  shows  a  sufficiently  intelligent  interest,  and  Dr. 
Horn  is  extremely  liberal  in  his  dealings  with-  other  students,  readily 
loaning  series  to  a  monographer  of  special  groups  as  soon  as  he  has 
shown  his  .nbility  to  ileal  with  it. 

Close  t(_)  tlii.s  Collection  in  extent  is  that  of  Mr.  Hy.  Ulke  of -Wash- 
ington. In  beaut}'  of  specimens  and  length  of  series,  showing  the  range 
of  geographical  variation,  the  collection  is  perhaps  without  a  peer.  A  very 
large  proptjrtion  (^f  the  sijecies  were  named  by  Drs.  Leconte  and  Horn, 
and  Mr.  Ulke's  collection  is  therefore  as  a  rule  very  reliably  determined. 
Mr.  Ulke  is  always  ready  tt)  show  his  treasures  to  whomever  may  visit  him, 
and  he  has  dcme  perhaps  as  much  as  any  one  other  man  in  accumulating 
material  lor  monographic  work,  and  in  naming  for  and  aiding  beginners. 

The  collection  of  Messrs.  Hubbard  and  Schwarz  is  unexcelled  for 
its  wealth  of  material  in  the  families  containing  small  species — Clavicornia, 
Serriconiia  and  some  families  k){  Rhynchophora.  Both  of  these  gentlemen 
are  excellent  collectors — perhaps  unequalled  in  this  country — and  an  in- 
timate knowledge  of  the  habits  of  species,  with  extreme  patience  in  work- 
ing out  the  minute  forms  have  made  their  collection  a  valuable  one. 

Both  of  these  gentlemen  have  collected  extensively  in  Florida  and 
Michigan,  while  separately  they  have  collected  in  many  other  parts  of  the 
United  States — notably  on  the  l)art  of  Mr.  Schwarz,  semi-tropical  Florida, 
Colorado,  Lake  Superior,  and  the  region  about  Washington,  his  present 
home. 


— 107 — 

The  largest  part  of  the  collection  is  in  Detroit,  and  praclically  inac- 
cessible, as  Mr.  Schwarz  is  in  Washington,  and  Mr.  Hubbard  in  Florida. 

In  essentials,  both  the  collections  above  named  are  kept  as  is  Dr. 
Horn's  and  in  generally  similar  boxes. 

The  collection  of  Lt.  T.  L.  Casey  I  have  not  seen  for  stnne  lime, 
but  Mr.  Casey  has,  since  that  time,  collected  e.xtensively  on  thi  i'acifu' 
Coast  and  in  Te.xas,  and  ha«  described  a  very  large  number  of  species  of 
which  he  has  the  types. 

Following  these,  there  are  a  considerable  number  of  collections  of 
nearly  equal  standing,  some  rich  in  special  groups,  some  more  general  : 
none  of  them  are  typical,  and  none  have  the  value  to  students  that  the 
preceding  have. 

Among  this  series  of  reliably  named  and  really  good  collections, 
may  be  mentioned  those  of  Mr.  O.  Lugger,  now  in  Minnesota,  of  Dr. 
Hamilton,  Alleghany,  Pa.,  of  Mr.  Blanchard,  Brookline,  Mass.,  of  Mr. 
Henshaw,  Boston,  Mass.,  of  Mr.  Wenzel,  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  of  Mr. 
Jiilich,  New  York  City,  of  Mr.  Dury,  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  of  Mr  Angell, 
New  York  City  and  Mr.  Roberts  of  the  same  place. 

Of  those  that  are  known  to  me  personally  the  majority  use  boxes 
similar  to  those  of  Dr.  Horn. 

The  Lepidopterists  rank  next  in  number  of  followers,  and  New  York 
City  and  vicinity  are  the  richest  in  number  and  extent  of  these  collections. 

Easily  the  best  of  the  series  is  that  of  Mr.  Henry  Edwards  of  New 
York  Citv.  It  is  extremely  rich  in  types,  both  of  his  own  descriptions 
and  of  those  of  others.  The  collection  embraces  exotics  as  well  as  natives, 
and  micros  as  well  as  macros.  It  has  been  already  mentioned  as  a  good 
general  collection. 

The  insects  practically  fill  an  entire  floor  in  Mr.  Edwards'  house, 
every  available  nook  being  filled  with  boxes  a;nd  cabinets  of  an  infinite 
variety  and  shape.  Mr.  Edwards  is  exceedingly  liberal  with  specimens 
either  in  the  way  of  gift  or  loan,  and  the  collection  is  accessilde  to  any 
one  interested  whenever  Mr.  Edwards  is  in  the  City. 

Mr.  Edwards  is  always  ready  to  assist  the  student  by  naming  Insecis 
or  otherwise. 

Nearly  equal  in  extent  is  the  collection  of  Mr.  Neumoegen.  richer 
in  some  exotic  groups,  and  perhaps  in  some  families  of  American  Insects, 
but  confined  to  the  Macrolepidoptera. 

Mr.  Neumoegen's  collection  is  in  very  large  cabinet  drawers,  of 
uniform  size  and  with  a  glass  top,  and  is  always  open  to  proper  persons. 

The  collection  is  very  rich  in  Nocluid  types,  and  no  one  can 
properly  study  this  family  without  a  knowledge  of  Mr.  Neumoegen's  col- 
lection. 


Somewhere  about  here  comes  the  collection  of  Mr.  H,  Strecker  of 
Reading,  Pa.  The  collection  is  of  great  extent,  but  richer  perhaps  in 
exotics  than  in  American  forms.  1  he  families  outside  of  the  Rhopalocera 
and  some  few  groups  of  Heterocera  are  not  well  determined,  and  the 
collection  is  not  accessible  for  study,  Mr.  Strecker,  contrary  to  all  other 
Entomologists  known  to  me  being  entirely  illiberal,  and  refusing  to  al- 
low his  spec.es  to  be  studied. 

It  is  a  pity  so  much  ami  so  rich  material  should  be  tied  up  and 
matle  inaccessible. 

Messrs.  Graef  and  l'epi)er  have  each  excellent  collections,  that  of 
Mr.  Graef  somewhat  the  larger,  and  both  confined  to  the  Macros,  native 
and  exotc,  and  both  containing  many  types.  Mr.  Tepper  is  especially 
rich  in  species  described  l)y  Mr.  Morrison. 

These  collecti(.:)ns  are  in  glass-covered  drawers  not  equal  in  size, 
and  Messrs.  Graef  and  Tepper  are  always  ready  to  aid  students  by  any 
means  within  their  power. 

The  collection  of  Dr.  Holland,  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  1  have  not  seen, 
from  what  I  can  learn  of  it,  it  ranks  among  the  first,  but  is  perhaps 
richer  in  Plxotics  than  in  American  species.  The  collection  of  Mr.  T. 
L.  -Mead,  and  \\\(t  Hesperidte  of  the  collection  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards 
have  found  a  place  in  Dr.   Holland's  collection.    , 

Among  the  Albany  collections,  so  often  referred  to  in  the  older 
literature  of  Lepidoptera,  that  of  Mr.  Meske  is  in  the  National  Museum; 
that  of  Dr.  Bailey  has  been  for  sale  since  the  death  of  that  gentleman 
several  years  since,  and  has  not  been  addetl  to  since  that  time. 

The  collection  of  Prof  Lintner  is  rich  in  local  forms,  and  has  quite 
a  number  of  types,  with  a  very  fair  representation  throughout  the  order. 
It  reall}'  ranks  as  a  general  collection,  since  all  orders  are  represented. 
Pi  of  Lintntr's  work  however  has  been  principally  in  Lepidoptera, 
save  wheie  die  economic  interest  of  some  species  matle  their  study 
necessary. 

Pidf  Lintnei's  boxes  have,  many  of  them,  glass  tops  and  bottom  : 
sm;dl  di.scs  of  cork  are  fastened  to  the  bottom  in  rows,  and  these  hold 
I  he  insects.  A  pasteboartl  cover  to  each  side  of  the  box  darkens  it. 
This  leature  never  became  po])ular,  and  manv  that  once  tried  it  have 
abandoned  its  use. 

So  lar  as  I  am  aware  these  are  all  the  more  important  general  col- 
lections of  Macro-lepidoptera.  They  have  one  essential  point  of  differ- 
ence from  the  Coleopterological  collections  of  equal  rank — they  contain 
Exotic  material,  and  some  of  the  ccjllections  are  fully  as  complete  in 
European  as  in  American  species. 

In  addition  to  those  abc~)ve  enumerated,    are  a  series  of  special  col- 


— 109 — 

lections,    of  greater  extent   in    their   field,    than   the  general  collections 
enumerated. 

The  collection  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards  I  have  not  seen.  It  is 
probably  as  nearly  complete  as  possible  in  the  Rhopalocera,  at  least  iri 
those  families  which  Mr.  Edwards  has  not  sold  to  pay  for  the  magnificent 
work  he  is  issuing.  1  must  not  lose  this  opportunity  of  giving  INIr.  Ed- 
wards credit  for  his  careful  and  painstaking  work  in  this  group.  What- 
ever our  individual  ideas  as  to  classification,  no  one  can  deny  Mr.  Ed- 
wards credit  for  sincere  and  honest  work,  for  faithful  records  and  above 
all  for  placing  the  results  of  his  studies  before  us  in  such  sumptuous 
style.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  the  collection  did  not  go  in  its  entirety 
to  some  Public  Institution— a  lasting  monument  of  his  labors. 

In  the  family  Hesperidcs  of  the  Rhopalocera,  the  collection  of  INIr. 
Eugene  M.  Aaron  of  Phi'adelphia  is  excellent.  Mr.  Aaron  has  spent 
much  time  and  money  to  complete  his  collection  in  this  family  ;  but 
owing  to  his  numerous  business  engagements  cannot  unfortunately 
devote  much  time  to  his  collection  at  present,  and  cannot  do  much  for 
Seekers  of  information  in  this  family. 

In  the  Sphmgidce,  one  of  the  most  complete  collections  that  I  have 
ever  seen,  native  or  foreign,  is  at  Albany,  in  the  possession  of  ?^Ir.  Erastus 
Corning,  preserved  by  Mr.  Wm.  Gray,  an  Entomologist  unknown  to 
fame,  but  with  a  fund  of  knowledge  on  the  subject,  not  to  be  despised. 
I  doubt  whether  there  are  half  a  dozen  collections  of  Sphingida?  in  the 
world  that  are  superior  to  this.  It  is  practically  inaccessible  to  students. 
In  the  Geometridce.  and  PyralidcB  the  collection  of  Mr.  Geo.  D. 
Hulst  of  Brooklyn  is  almost  complete.  This  gentleman  has  of  late,  by 
sacrificing  Macro-lepidoplera  in  exchange  and  by  purchase,  secured  an 
almost  complete  representation  of  described  forms  besides  many  new 
forms  for  description.  No  one  has  ever  applied  to  Mr.  Hulst  in  vam, 
either  for  a  sight  of  his  collection  or  for  determinations. 

In  the  Micro-lepidoptera  as  a  whole  the  collection  of  Prof.  C.  H. 
Fernald  of  Amherst,  Mass.,  stands  pre-eminent.  In  the  Tortricida:  the 
collection  will  probably  rank  among  the  first  in  the  world,  while  in 
American  forms  it  has  no  superior.  In  the  Tineidcn  it  also  ranks  first 
among  American  collections  while  in  the  Pyraltdce  it  is  probably  even 
better  than  Mr.  Hulst's  in  some  of  the  families. 

Prof  Fernald  is  always  willing  to  encourage  and  aid  the  student  in 
this  interesting  field. 

In  addition  to  these  are  several  collections  of  still  more  limited  scope 
— that  of  Mr.  Scudder  of  New  England  Butterflies",  and  that  of  Mrs.  C. 
H.  Fernald  of  New  England  Macro-lepidoptera. 


— no — 

There  are  also  several  collections  of  which  I  know  little  or  nothing 
and  of  which  I  therefore  avoid  all  specific  mention. 

Prof  G.  H.  French  has  probably  a  very  good  collection  and  a  num- 
ber of  his  own  types. 

These  two  orders,  Coleoptera  and  Lepidoptera,  attract  most  of  our 
collectors,  and  there  are  plenty  of  good  though  not  very  large  collections 
all  over  the  country — among  the  better  known  are  those  of  Dr.  Castle,  of 
Philadelphia,  Coleoptera ;  Mr.  Schoenborn,  Washington,  Lepidoptera  ; 
Mr.  Noble,  Savannah,  Coleoptera ;  Mr.  Schuster,  St.  Louis,  Coleoptera  ; 
Mr.  Goodhue,  Webster,  N.  H.,  Lepidoptera;  Prof  Snow,  of  Lawrence, 
Kansas,  whose  collection  of  Coleoptera  and  Lepidoptera  deserves  a  better 
description  than  I  am  unfortunately  able  to  give;  Messrs.  Reinecke  and 
Zesch,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ,  Coleoptera;  and  the  Pacific  Coast  collectors 
Messrs.  Koebele,  Coquillet,  Ricksecker,  Wright,  Rivers,  Behr,  Behrens, 
and  perhaps  some  others. 

In  Hemiptera,  the  collection  of  Prof  P.  R.  Uhler,  of  Baltimore, 
Md.,  stands  pre-eminent.  Prof  Uhler  has  been  for  many  years  gathering 
material,  and  studying  and  arranging  it  for  study.  From  him,  directly  or 
indirectly,  most  of  our  named  material  comes. 

Mr.  Ashmead,  of  Jacksonville,  Fla. ,  has  more  recenllv  begun  the 
study  of  this  order,  and,  as  I  understand,  has  accumulated  a  very  large 
material. 

Prof  Osborn,  of  Ames,  Iowa,  has  quite  a  collection  of  Hemiptera, 
and  has  devoted  considerable  time  to  their  study.  His  favorites  are  Mal- 
lophaga  and  Pediculida;,  the  exact  location  of  which  is  perhaps  still 
matter  of  dispute. 

The  collection  of  Mr.  Heidemann  of  Washington,  D.  C. ,  is  a  rapidl}- 
growing  though  somewhat  local  one.  Mr.  Heidemann,  by  careful  col- 
lecting has  accumulated  a  large  amount  of  material,  much  of  it  unde- 
scribed. 

In  this  order  there  is  a  wide  and  interesting  field  for  the  student,  the 
Homoptera  affording  some  of  the  most  intricate  and  fascinating  problems 
ever  confronting  a  Biologist. 

In  the  T/iripidcv,  assuming  them  for  the  present  to  be  undoubted 
Hemiptera,  the  collection  of  Mr.  Pergande  of  Washington  is  unique. 
There  are  about  half  a  dozen  species  described,  and  Mr.  Pergande  has  in 
his  collection  distinguished  nearly  150  species!!  Mr.  Pergande  is  noi 
troubled  with  the  mihi  itch — yet. 

In  Orlhoptera,  Mr.  Scudder's  collection  stands  first.  So  I  am  as- 
sured by  Prof  Riley  and  Mr.  Bruner,  both  of  whom  have  seen  or  studied 
it.      I  have  not  had  the  good  fortune  to  see  it  myself 

Mr.  Bruner's  collection,    at  West  Point,    Nebraska,    stands  ne.\t  in 


— Ill — 


rank,  and  so  far  as  I  know  is  the  only  other  individual  collection  worthy 
of  the  name,  in  the  United  States.  It  is  difficult  to  find  a  reason  for 
this,  since  the  species  are  not,  as  a  rule,  difficult  to  get,  and  they  are 
certainly  not  uncommon. 

The  Hymenoptera,  interesting  as  they  are,  can  boiist  of  but  few 
followers.  The  collection  of  Mr.  Cresson  in  Philadelphia,  is  the  only 
really  fine  collection  of  the  order.  Mr.  Cresson  has  had  perhaps  the 
greatest  opportunities  for  accumulating  a  collection,  and  he  has  faithfully 
used  them.  As  a  general  collection,  it  is  unexcelled.  In  some  special 
groups  it  is  not  so  full. 

In  the  Formicid.e  the  collection  of  Mr.  Pergande  probably  takes  first 
rank.  This  gentleman  has  devoted  considerable  effort  to  an  accumula- 
tion of  material  in  diis  family  and  has  an  excellent  collection  both  in 
Exotics  and  Natives.  In  other  families  of  the  order  his  collection  is  ex- 
tremel}-  rich,  while  not  so  complete  nor  as  well  worked  up,  as  in  the 
Fonnicidce. 

The  collection  of  Mr.  Ashmead  is  especially  rich  in  Parasitic 
Hymenoptera  in  which  he  has  described  many  genera  and  species.  The 
greater  part  of  Mr.  Ashmead's  collection  by  the  way  is  kept  loose,  in 
small  boxes  and  packed  away  in  drawers.  He  has  however  begun  to  get 
them  into  more  usual  and  convenient  shape  so  he  writes  me.  The  col- 
lection also  contains  besides  Mr.  Ashmead's  specialties  a  very  fair  general 
collection,  largely  local  species.- 

Prof  Cook  of  Lansing,  Mich.,  has  of  late  been  studying  ApidcB  and 
has,  I  believe,  accumulated  quite  a  considerable  material. 

The  Hymenoptera  are  awaiting  workers,  and  promise  a  rich  reward 
lo  any  one  interested.  Some  families  represent  absolutely  unworked 
fields,  while  few  are  really  known. 

In  the  Diptera  the  collection  of  Dr.  Williston  stands  first,  and  is 
really  the  only  individual  general  collection  of  the  order.  Dr.  Williston 
is  a  busy  man,  but  finds  time  for  a  great  deal  of  work  looking  to  the  as- 
sistance of  the  tyro. 

Mr.  Coquillet  of  Los  Angeles,  Calif,  has,  as  I  am  informed,  a  very 
good  collection  of  Western  forms,  and  is  especially  rich  in  the  Bombylii- 
dcB  to  which  Mr.  Coquillet  has  devoted  more  particular  attention. 

So  far  as  I  can  find,  there  are  no  other  collections  of  Diptera  worthy 
of  the  name,  and  the  Neuroptera  are  still  worse  off,  for  so  far  as  I  am 
aware  there  is  but  a  single  collection — that  of  Dr.  Hagen,  at  Cambridge. 
This  magnificent  series,  the  result  of  years  of  patient  work  in  accumulat- 
ing material,  is  practically  the  property  of  the  Cambridge  Museum.  No 
one  else  has  attempted  any  systemadc  collection  so  far  as  I  know.      Dr. 


—  112  — 

Hagen  is  a  very  busy  man  and  unfortunately  unable  to  devote  much  lime 
to  naming  insects. 

Mention  may  be  made  here  of  the  collection  of  Frii'".  Forbes  at 
Champaign,  Ills.,  which,  as  Prof  Riley  informs  me,  is  panicularl\-  rich 
in  illustrations  of  the  food  habits  of  birds  and  fishes. 

In  the  Arachnidce  the  collections  are  few  in  numl^er,  and  owing  to 
the  fact  that  the}'  must  be  preserved  in  Alcohol,  are  differently  kept.  I 
know  very  little  of  collections  in  this  class,  and  can  enumerate  only,  in 
the  order  of  their  respective  importance,  the  collections  of  .Mr.  Emertou,. 
Dr.  Marx,  Prof  Underwood,  and  Mr.  Peckham. 

The  Myriapods  also  have  but  few  adherents  :  so  far  as  1  know,  ihe 
collections  of  Prof  Underwood,  and  Messrs.  .McNeill  ami  Bullinan  are 
the  only  ones. 

In  this  brief  review  I  have  undoubtedl\-  omitte.l  many  collections 
well  worthy  of  mention,  but  it  would  have  exceeded  the  purposes  of  th_- 
address  had  I  endeavored  tt)  present  accurate  statistics. 

Now  however  good  the  collection  or  however  accessible  the  citv  con- 
taining it,  all  these  individual  collections  have  alwa\s  one  drawback  : — 
it  depends  entu'ely  upon  the  owner  whether,  when,  and  h')w  K)ng  you 
shall  see  them.  The  student  must  absolutely  submit  in  all  his  arrange- 
ments for  study  and  comparison  to  the  whims  and  caprices  of  the  owner 
of  the  collection.  There  is  the  additional  disadvantage,  which  I  hojK- 
authors  and  collectors  will  some  dav  realize — their  uncertain  duration. 
They  may  be  neglected  through  loss  of  interest  or  the\-  may  be  scattered 
after  death,  and  the  results  of  life-long  labor  destroyed.  I  have  .seen 
several  instances  of  this,  and  there  are  at  least  two  e.xcellent  collections 
of  Lepidoptera  in  great  danger  of  going  the  same  road — both  of  them 
contain  many  uniques  and  types,  but  the  relatives  of  the  deceased  owner 
hold  on  for  a  fancy  price  which  the}-  do  not  need  and  will  never  obtain. 
Meanwhile  the  collections  lose  in  value  each  year 

It  seems  tC)  me  that  all  this  points  irresistibly  in  one  direction.  All 
types  should  go  to  some  public  Institution,  offering  a  fair  guarantee  for 
its  permanent  existence,  and  at  the  same  time  assurance  both  that  the 
specimens  be  cared  for,  and  yet  open  to  all  reasonable  inspection  and 
study  by  Specialists,  at  all  reasonable  times. 

I  do  not  mean  by  this,  in  any  way  to  disparage  individual  collections 
— on  the  contrary  such  a  collection,  made  by  a  Specialist  will  in  most 
cases  soon  outrank  Museum  collections.  Everything  depends  on  special 
and  persistent  efforts  directed  to  a  definite  point — everything  must  be 
sacrificed  to  get  lacking  species  and  the  result  is  unavoidable. 

A  Museum  cannot  do  that  without  Ijecoming  a  mere  means  of  the 
Curator  to  an  individual  end. 

[To  Br  Continued.] 


—US- 
New  Genera  and  Species  of 
EPIPASCHIiE    and    PHYCITIDiE. 

By  Geo.    D.    Hulst. 


The  following,  as  far  as  I  am  able  to  determine,  are  new  to  Science. 
Yet  it  is  ver}-  probable  that  some  may  be  synonyms  of  genera  or  species 
already  described  by  European  authors,  the  determination  of  which  can 
not  at  the  present  time  be  satisfactorily  made  by  me. 

EPIPASCHI.(E. 
Winona,  n.  gen. 

Fore  wings  12  veins:  I  lurcale  near  base,  3,  4  and  5  separate,  7,  8  and  9 
stemmed,  10  separate  ;  hind  wings  8  veins  :  2  far  from  angle,  4  and  5  joined  at  angle 
which  is  at  middle  of  outer  margin  of  cell,  7  and  8  stemmed.  Type:  ii!cnis!(7iis, 
Hulst. 

Saluda,  n.  gen. 

Fore  wings  12  veins:  10  and  11  stemmed,  7,  8  and  9  stemmed,  4  and  5  joined 
at  base  ;  hind  wings  8  veins  :  4  and  5  stemmed,  7  and  8  stemmed  ;  antennal  process 
short ;  maxillary  palpi  of  (^'  with  brush  of  long  hairs  on  end.  Type  ;  aspcratella, 
Clem. 

Katona,  n.  gen. 

Fore  wings  1 1  veins  :  cell  very  short,  3,  4  and  5  separate,  6  long,  waved,  7,  8 
and  9   stemmed  ;  hind   wings  8  veins  :  4   and   5   stemmed  ;  antenna)  process  short, 
rather  slender,  closely  scaled  ;  ma.\illary  palpi  of  3"  with  brush  of  long  hairs  on  end. 
Type  :  euphemcHa^   Hulst. 
K.  euphemella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  17  mm.  Front  dark  gray  ;  antennse  blackish;  thorax  dark  blackish 
gray  ;  abdomen  yellowish  fuscous  ;  fore  wings  light  gray,  more  or  less  overlaid  with 
black  ;  base  gray  ;  basal  line  black,  diffuse,  dentate,  edged  outwardly  with  a  band 
of  blackish  gray  ;  outer  line  white,  straight  at  costa  and  inner  margin,  bent  outwardly 
and  sinuate  between;  discal  points  distinct  black  ;  outer  space  gray  with  apical  dash 
of  blackish;  tufts  blackish  gray,  or  blackish  ;  hind  wings  light  iuscous,  fuscous  on 
veins;  beneath  light  fuscous  gray,  the  markings  above  faintly  produced. —Texas. 
Tioga,  n.  gen. 

Fore  wings  II  veins  :   I  furcate  near  base,  4  and  5  separate,   5,    7,   8  and  9  on  a 
short  stem  ;  hind  wings  8  veins  :  4  and  5  stemmed,  7  and  8  stemmed  ;  antennal  pro- 
cess short  ;  maxillary  palpi  wanting.     Type  :  aplasteHa,  Hulst 
T.  aplastella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  20  mm.  Head  light  gray  ;  antennae  dark  fuscous  ;  thorax  blackish 
gray  ;  abdomen  yellowish  brown  ;  base  of  each  segment  blackish  ;  fore  wings  light 
gray  ;  basal  field  blackish,  limited  by  a  light  gray  cross  line  edged  with  black  on 
either  side  ;  basal  half  of  middle  field  of  ground  color,  outer  half  fuscous  ;  outer  line 
light  gray,  edged  within  with  black  ;  outer  field  fuscous  ;  veins  lighter,  a  row  of  sub- 
marginal  black  spots  ;  hind  wings  yellowish  brown,  blackish  along  edge.  This  is 
possibly  inelanogrammos ,  Zell. 


—  114— 

Loma,  n.  gen. 

Fore  wings  1 1  veins  :  i  not  furcate,  4  and  5  separate  or  from  a  point,  7,  8  and 
9  stemmed  ;  hind  wings  8  veins  :  3,  4  and  5  stemmed,  7  and  8  appearing  stemmed  ; 
maxillary  palpi  present.     Type  :  nephelotella,   Hulst. 

L.   nephelotella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  25  mm.  Head  light  gray,  slightly  reddish  brown  on  summit  ;  thorax 
and  abdomen  light  yellowish  brown,  the  segments  of  abdomen  fuscous  at  base;  fore 
wings  reddish  brown  at  base,  with  a  central  dark  dash,  and  dark  along  inner  margin; 
basal  hne  whitish,  edged  both  sides  with  blackish,  slightly  outwardly  oblique  towards 
inner  marg:n,  slightly  rounded  with  angle  inwardly  at  middle;  middle  and  outer 
fields  dark  fuscous  ;  outer  line  lighter,  edged  within  with  blackish  ;  hind  wmgs  dark 
fuscous.  -  Penn. 

Wanda,  n.   gen. 

Fore  wings  1 1  veins  :  7,  8  and  9  stemmed,  6  waved,  3,  4  and  5  stemmed,  the 
subdiscal  vein  to  furcadon  of  5  extraordinarily  broad  ;  cell  very  short;  hind  wings  8 
veins  :  4  and  5  stemmed,  7  and  8  stemmed  ;  antenna!  process  short,  closely  scaled  ; 
labial  palpi  thin,  erect,  extending  above  front  ;  maxillary  palpi  m  r^  with  brush  of 
long  hairs  on  end.  Type  :  haptisiella,  Fern. 
W.   tiltella,  n.   sp. 

Expands  20  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  fore  vi-ings  gray,  peppered  over  with  black 
scales,  giving  a  general  blackish  gray  color  ;  basal  space  somewhat  darker  than  the 
rest  of  the  fore  wings  ;  at  the  middle  of  basal  field  a  jet  black  cross-line  not  reaching 
costa  or  inner  margin  ;  inner  line  light  gray,  three  times  dentate  inwardly;  at  the 
midtile  of  the  middle  field  is  another  jet  black  cross-line  extending  from  inner  margin 
nearly  to  discal  spot  ;  outer  line  straight  from  costa  angulated  outwardly,  then 
rounded,  wavy  dentate,  returning  near  inner  margin,  then  with  a  single  bend  reach- 
ing the  margin.  Hind  wings  dark  fuscous.  -Texas. 
Tetralopha  callipeplella,   n.  sp. 

Expands  16  mm.  Palpi,  head,  antennte  and  thorax  uneven  fuscous  gray  ;  fore 
wings  gray,  rather  strongly  overlaid  with  blackish,  more  especially  on  the  basal  field; 
extreme  base  and  posterior  portion  of  basal  field  reddish  ;  basal  cross-line  white, 
slightly  waved,  distmct,  edged  on  both  sides  with  distinct  fine  black  lines  ;  discal 
spots  black  ;  outer  line  gray,  straight  from  costa,  then  rectangular  outward,  then 
rounding  forming  a  deep  sinus  shorter  than  usual,  then  angulateand  sUghtly  bent  to 
inner  margin  ;  veii|s  on  middle  and  outer  fields  rather  darker  than  ground  color  ; 
marginal  line  black  ;  hind  wings  light  fuscous,  darker  on  the  outer  margins. — Texas. 
This  will  I  think  prove  to  be  T.  /nili/cl/a,  Zell.  I  do  not  think  it 
at  all  likely  that  Zeller's  species  is  the  same  as  Lanthaphe plaienella,  Clem. 

PHYCITID-^. 
Pima,  n.   gen. 

Fore  wings  11  veins  :  4  and  5  separate,    10  separate  ;  hind  wings  8  veins  :  4  and 
5  stemmed,  3  appearing  stemmed  with  4  and  5,  2  at  angle  of  cell ;  tongue  wanting  ; 
palpi  horizontal,  long,  heavy,  end  member  drooping,   long  ;  antenna;  of  (j^  simple  ; 
maxillary  palpi  invisible.     Type  :  fosterella,   Hulst. 
P.  fosterella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  25  mm.  Palpi  light  gray  ;  head  light  gray,  whitish  along  eyes,  ocherish 
behind  ;  thorax  ocherish,  lighter  on  dorsum  ;  abdomen  light  ocher,  white  on  first  seg- 


—  115  — 

ment,  and  on  the  rest  on  dorium  ;  fore  wings  almost  pure  white  along  costa  to  apex, 
behind  this  very  narrowly  edged  with  black,  then  the  rest  ochreous,  darker  anteriorly 
and  basally  ;  hind  wings  clouded  white,  shining,  beneath  as  above  with  colors  shaded 
with  fuscous.  —  Colorado. 

From  jNIr.  Wm.  Foster,  in  whose  honor  the  name  is  given. 

Oreana,  n.  gen. 

P'ore  wings  ii  veins  :  8,  9  and  10  stemmed,  4  and  5  stemmed  ;  hind  wings  8 
veins:  2  near  angle,  3,  4  and  5  stemmed  ;  labial  palpi  present,  thoseof(^  with  brush 
of  long  hairs  on  end  ;  tongue  strong  ;  antenna?  of  (^  bent  above  base  with  heavy  tuft 
ot  scales  in  bend.     Type  :  unicolorella,   Hulst. 

Sciota,  n.  gen.  Fore  wings  11  veins  :  8.  9  and  10  stemmed,  4  and  5  separate  ; 
hind  wings  8  veins  :  3,  4  and  5  stemmed  ;  tongue  strong  ;  antennae  of  (^'  bent  above 
base  with  tuft  of  scales  in  I  )i'nd  ;  labial  palpi  erect,  short;  maxillary  palpi  present. 
Type  :  crocecUa,   Hulst. 

S.  croceella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  19  mm.  Palpi  and  head  fuscous  yellow  ;  thorax  of  same  color  with 
purp.'ish  stain  ;  abdomen  reddish  brown,  interlined  on  each  segment  with  dark  brown; 
foie  wings  reddish  brown,  lightest  at  base,  and  broadly  and  brokenly  washed  with 
blackish  along  anterior  half,  this  being  most  decided  on  ba-^al  part  of  middle  field  ;  a 
geminate  black  discal  spot,  and  in  place  of  outer  line  a  curved  row  of  black  points  ; 
a  marginal  line  of  black  points  also  ;  hind   wings  fuscous,  darker  outwardly. — Texas. 

Tacoma,   n.  gen. 

Fore  wing>  n  veins  :  10  separate,  4  and  5  stemmed  ;  hind  wings  8  veins  :  3,  4 
and  5  stemmed  ;  tongue  strong  ;  anteiiiiffi  of  (^  simple  ;  ocelli  present ;  labial  palpi 
erect,  long  ;  maxillai-y  palpi  present.     Type  :  ferielta,    Hulst. 

T.  feriella,   n.  sp. 

Expands  20  nun.  Palpi  gray,  white  beneath  ;  head  and  thorax  dark  gray  with 
a  liluish  shade  ;  abdomen  fuscous  gray,  interlined  with  light  gray  ;  fore  wings  dark 
gray  with  a  bluish  shade  ;  lines  whitish,  the  inner  nearly  at  middle,  angulate.  the 
outer  waved  and  dentate,  subparallel  with  outer  margin  ;  on  inner  margin  just 
beyond  basal  line  is  a  rather  large  broken  white  spot  ;  discal  spot  faint  with  outer 
edge  whitish  ;  a  marginal  line  of  black  points  ;  hind  wings  fuscous,  a  black  marginal 
line.  —Texas. 

Tallula,  n.  gen. 

Fore  wings  11  veins  :  10  separate,  4  and  5  separate  ;  hind  wings  8  veins:  3,  4 
and  5  stemmed  ;  maxillary  palpi  present  ;  labial  palpi  erect,  recurved  ;  tongue  strong; 
antenna;  of  (^  simple  pubescent  ;  ocelli  present.     Type  :  alrifascialis^   Hulst. 

Tehama,  n.  gen. 

Fore  wings  11  veins  :  2  and  3  separate,  4  and  5  stemmed  ;  hind  wings  7  veins  : 
3  and  5  separate,  2  far  from  angle,  7  and  8  stemmed  ;  tongue  strong  ;  labial  palpi 
drooping,  long  ;  maxillary  palpi  wanting  ;  antenna.*  of  (^  simple.  Type  ;  bonijatclla, 
Hulst. 

Mona,  n.  gen. 

Fore  wings  II  veins:  4  and  5  separate  at  a  point,  lO  separate  ;  hind  wings  7 
veins  ;  2  near  angle,  3  and  5  stemmed,  7  and  8  appearing  stemmed  ;  labial  palpi 
erect,  recurved,  3rd  member  short ;  maxillary  palpi  wanting  ;  antennte  of  (^  simple, 
slightly  bent  above  base  ;  ocelli  present ;  tongue  strong.     Type  :  olbiella,   Hulst. 


— ii6— 

M  .  olbiella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  21  mm.  Palpi  fuscous  gray  ;  head  ochreous  ;  abdomen  light  ochreous  ; 
thorax  reddi>h  ochreous  ;  fore  wings  along  co.^ta  to  subcostal  vein  whi;e,  with  a  few 
scattered  black  scales,  this  band  reaching  to  outer  cross-hne  ;  the  ie~t  of  the  wing 
reddish  brown,  varying  in  flifi'erent  specimens  thioiigh  reddish  ochrtous  to  ochreous, 
all  with  a  few  >cattered  b!ack  scales  ;  basal  line  indeterminate  or  indi-tinct,  outer  line 
very  close  to  nargin  and  parallel  with  it,  broad,  grayish,  more  or  less  edged  in- 
waidly  with  blackisli  scales  and  outwardly  with  blackish  nariow  marginal  space  ; 
hind  v\ings  |)el'u-id  fuscous,  margin  becoming  very  dark.  — Ccjjorailo. 

Altoona,  n.   gen. 

Fore  wings  II  veins  :  4  arid  5  stemmed,  lo  -eparate  ;  hind  wings  7  veins  :  2  at 
angle,  3  and  5  stemmed  ;  tongue  wanting  ;  labial  palpi  horizontal  ;  maxillary  palp' 
present  ;  aiUennK  of  q^  bent  over  base  with  tult  of  scales  in  Ijend.  Type  :  opacc'/a, 
Hubt. 

Welaka,  n    g.-n. 

Fore  wings  II  veins:  10  separate,  4  and  5  separate;  hii  d  \\'iiigs  7  veins  :  2  at 
angle,  3  and  5  long  stemmed,  7  and  8  stemmed  ;  tongue  wanting,  labial  palpi  long, 
ascending,  end  member  hoiizo  ital,  2nd  and  3r(l  members  long  ;  ma.xiilary  palpi  long; 
antennie  of  rj  simple.      Type:   j/niUi/iiLel.'a,    Hnlst. 

Cayuga,   n.  gen. 

Fore  wings  II  veins  :  3  and  5  separate  ;  hind  wings  7  veins  ;  2  at  angle,  3  and 
5  stemmed  ;  antenna;  of  g^  witli  mend^ers  liroad,  tootlied,  pubescent,  bent  above  base 
with  tuft  of  scales  in  bend  ;  laMal  palpi  loig,  hoi  izont'il,  end  luember  drooping; 
ocelli  present  ;  tongue  wanting.      Type  :  i^i  ntinati;,7a,    Hulst. 

Petaluma,  n.  gen. 

Fore  wings  10  veins  :  8,  9  and  10  stemmed,  3  and  5  stemined  ;  hind  wings  7 
veins  ;  2  at  angle,  3  and  5  stemmed  ;  tongue  wanting  ;  clypeus  with  a  cone  shaped 
tubercle  ;  labial  |)alpi  drooping  ;  maxillary  palpi  iiivi.-ible  ;  ocelli  present  ;  antenna; 
of  rj'  siinple.     Tyj^e  :  illibtlla,    Hulst. 

Uinta,   n.   gen. 

Fore  wings  9  venis  :  4  and  9  wanting,  3  and  5  separate  ;  huid  wings  7  veins  ;  3 
and  5  separate,  2  far  from  angle,  7  and  8  separate  to  base  ;  labial  palpi  horizontal, 
heavy,  long  ;  maxillary  palpi  strong,  heavily  scaled  on  end;  antennre  of  g  bent 
above  ba-c,  pubescent  ;  ocelli  present  ;  tongue  wanting  ;  legs  shorter  and  more  heavy 
than  usual.      Type  :  oreadella,    Hulst. 

U.  oreadella,  n.  sp. 

Palpi  fuscous  gray,  as  is  also  the  head  ;  thorax  blackish  gray  ;  abdomen  blackish 
gray,  becoming  fuscous  and  yellowish  anally,  each  segment  except  basal  edged  nar- 
rowly with  gray  ;  fore  wings  dark  fuscous,  darker  at  base  ;  basal  line  not  evident  ; 
outer  line  broad,  blackish,  a  marginal  broad  line  also  blackish  ;  at  base  of  center  of 
middle  field  a  lengthened  black  point;  hind  wings  fuscous,  shining,  margin  darker; 
beneath  even  fuscous  on  all  wings,  margins  darker. — Colorado. 

Acrobasis  albocapitella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  14  mm.  Palpi,  head  and  thorax  snow  white  ;  abdomen  white,  slightly 
stained  with  fuscous  ;  fore  wings  white  at  base,  with  a  faint  reddish  fuscous  stain  along 
costa  and  inner  margin  ;  basal    line    dark    brown,    rather    indistinct  ;  wings  beyond 


—  117— 

f\isc()u>  t,M-ay,  except  aloiii,'  liasal  line  on  inner  maririn,  whicli  is  whitish  ;  outer  Inie 
^;ray,  indistinct,  rounded  in  middle  outwardly,  edged  within  with  dark  brown  :  veins 
slightly  darker  than  ground  color  ;  hind  wings  pellucid  fuscous,  darker  outwardly.— 
Canada. 

Dasypyga  carbonella,  n.  s\>. 

Expands  15  mm.  Palpi,  head,  thorax  and  Ibrewings  gray,  heavily  overlaid 
with  black,  givint;  a  uniform  dull  black  color,  the  lines  very  faintly  or  not  at  all  sug- 
gested ,  abdomen  dark  fuscous,  interlined  with  lighter  ;  hind  wings  pellucid  fuscous, 
vein^  aiui  outi-r  -pace  darkest.  -  'Texa^. 

Lipographis  decimerella,   n.  sp. 

Expands  26  mm.  Pal])i,  collar  and  thorax  gray,  stained  with  fuscous  ;  head 
somewhat  whiter:  abdomen  light  ochreous  gray,  almo-t  yellowish  at  middle;  fore 
wings  lead  gray,  broadly  whitish  along  costa  nearly  to  apex,  whitish  with  a  reddish 
shade  along  inner  margin  ;  fringes  whitish  ;  hind  wings  dark  fuscous,  fringes  lighter. 
There  is  considerable  variation  fii  tlie  different  specimens,  some  having  generally  a 
reddish  tone,  others  being  more  inclined  to  clear  gray.— Texas. 

Lipographis  niviella,  n.  ^p. 

Expands  29  mm.  Palpi,  head  ai  d  thorax  pure  snowy  white,  with  a  slight  sprink- 
ling of  black  scales  ;  abdomen  yellowish  white  ;  fore  wings  pure  snowy  white,  more 
or  less  marked  with  black  :  costa  white  ;  posteriorly  the  wing  is  finely  marked  with 
black  on  vems,  and  on  posterior  half  stained  with  fuscous  ;  basal  line  narrow,  white, 
shaded  inwardly  along  inner  margin  with  large  black  spot  ;  outwardly  with  narrow 
line  of  black  ;  outer  line  white,  toothed  within  between  the  veins,  edged  with  a  line 
of  black  points  outwardly  along  margin  ;  apex  with  two  black  points  on  either  side 
the  outer  line  ;  hind  wings  dirty  whitish,  yellowish  at  apex  and  along  anterior  margin. 
— Coloradii. 

Anoristia  olivella,   n.  sp. 

Expands  24  mm.  Palpi  whitish  ;  head,  thorax,  abdomen  and  fore  wings  light 
fuscous  gray,  scatteringly  and  coarsely  dusted  with  a  few  black  scales,  the  whole 
wa^hed  with  a  light  olive  shading  ;  the  black  scales  are  a  little  more  plentiful  at  the 
base,  along  innei-  margin,  and  at  apex  ;  basal  line  whitish,  merely  a  break  in  the 
slight  dusting  of  black  ;  outer  line  formed  as  the  basal,  but  rendered  distinct  by  a 
heavier  shading  of  the  dusting  ot  black  within,  oblique,  subparallel  with  outer  margin, 
with  one  inner  angulation  one  third  Ij-om  costa;  hind  wings  olive  whitish. — The 
Needles,  California. 

Nephopteryx  filiolella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  16  to  18  mm.  Palpi  reddish  brown  ;  head  and  thorax  brown  ;  abdomen 
brown  with  an  ochreous  shading;  fore  wings  brown,  ochensh  gray  along  costa,  chest- 
nut red  on  posterior  median  space  and 'outer  margin  ;  basal  line  blackish,  indistinct  ; 
outer  line  dark  gray,  broad,  indistinct,  edged  on  both  sides  with  blackish  ;  hind  wings 
fuscous,  outer  margin  and  veins  much  datker. — Texas. 

Honora  glaucatella,  n.  sp. 
Expands  22  mm.  Palpi,  head  and  thorax  light  gray,  stained  with  fuscous  ;  ab- 
domen ochreous  gray  ;  fore  wings  white  along  costal  half  and  base,  stained  with 
fuscous  on  posterior  half  of  middle  and  outer  fields  ;  basal  line  rounded,  indistinct, 
edged  outwardly  with  black,  broad  and  heavy  in  middle,  obsolete  at  both  ends  ; 
discal  spot  black,  prominent ;  outer  line  oblique,   wavy,  edged  both  sides  with  dark 


— ii8— 

fuscous,  outwardly  becoming  black  at  costa  ;  hind  wings  faded  white,   pellucid,    yel- 
lowish outwardly. — Texas. 

Honora  obsipella,  n.  sp 

Expands  23  mm.  Palpi  h'ght  gray  beneath,  mouse  gray  above  and  at  tip;  thorax 
dark  brown  ;  abdomen  reddish  brown  ;  fore  wings  reddish  brown  at  base,  more 
marked  just  within  basal  line  ;  basal  line  well  out,  dentate,  distinct ;  middle  field 
reddish  brown,  discal  spot  blackish,  faint,  elongate  horizontal  ;  outer  line  strongly 
twice  dentate  inwardly  ;  outer  field  reddish  brown,  except  marginal  band  of  gray  ; 
hind  wings  dark  smoky  fuscous. — Texas. 
Honora  fuscatella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  15  mm.  Palpi,  antenna;  and  thorax  dark  gray  fuscous;  head  and  ab- 
domen lighter,  the  latter  ringed  with  very  light  fuscous  ;  fore  wings  light  gray,  almost 
entirely  overlaid  with  gray  fuscous,  the  light  gray  showing  in  the  cross-lines  and 
sparingly  over  the  surface  ;  basal  line  near  the  middle  of  the  wing,  twice  waved, 
dentate  ;  the  outer  line  lectangulai-  below  costa,  then  rounded,  angular  again  near 
inner  margin  ;  hind  wings  pellucid  smoky  fuscous-— Texas. 
Altoona  ardiferella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  18  mm.  Palpi  and  head  mouse  gray  with  scattered  black  scales;  thorax 
gray  ;  abdomen  gray  with  an  ochreous  tint  ;  fore  wings  with  a  broad  gray  stripe 
along  costa  ;  base  and  along  inner  margin  to  middle  of  vi'ing  reddish  ocher  ;  base 
with  a  black  dash  ;  outer  and  center  portion  of  middle  field  fuscous  gray  ;  outer  field 
gray  above,  fuscous  below  ;  basal  line  white,  straight,  oblique,  with  black  on  costal 
half  outwardly,  on  inner  half  inwardly  ;  outer  line  near  margin  lined  heavily  with 
black  on  both  sides  near  costa,  and  all  the  way  inwardly  ;  a  marginal  line  of  black 
points  more  pronounced  near  apex  ;  hind  wings  yellowish  fuscous.— Texas. 
Zophodia  longipennella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  25  mm.  Palpi  dark  smoky  gray  ;  head  and  thorax  same  color  ;  ab- 
domen light  clouded  gray;  fore  wings  with  a  broad  white  stripe  along  costa,  posteriorly 
striated  with  fuscous  gray,  gradually  merging  into  the  fuscous  gray  of  the  rest  of  the 
wing  ;  basal  line  hardly  discernible  ;  outer  line  faint,  waved  or  scalloped,  edged  with- 
in with  blackish  ;  hind   wings  pellucid,    stained   whitish.  — Texas. 

Hardly  a  typical  Zophodia  as  the  palpi  are  long  and  the  wings  \-er}- 
narrow  and  extended. 

Homceosoma  candidella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  20  mm.  Palpi  and  front  fuscous  ;  summit  white  ;  thorax  light  fuscous: 
abdomen  light  ocher  ;  fore  wings  pure  chalk  white,  sparingly  dusted  with  black  and 
fuscous  scales  ;  costa  at  base  very  narrowly  black  ;  basal  line  indeterminate  save  by 
3  black  points  ;  discal  spots  black,  horizontal  oval  ;  outer  line  faintly  evidenced  by  a 
slight  increase  of  black  dusting  ;  hind  wings  dark  fuscous.— Arizona. 

Bandera  cupidinella,  n.  sp. 

Expands  18  mm.  Palpi  dark  gray  :  head  fuscous  ;  thoiax  ocher  fuscous  ;  ab- 
domen ocher  ;  fore  wings,  ground  color  buff  ocher,  with  3  white  stripes,  the  first  sub- 
costal from  base  to  apex,  the  second  starting  from  first  about  1/,,  out  from  base  and 
reaching  to  middle  of  outer  margin,  the  third  on  vein  I  ;  all  these  are  edged  with 
scattered  black  scales,  and  all  became  diffuse  and  indeterminate  outwardly  so  that 
the  ocher,  white,  and  the  black  scales  are  quite  mixed  in  submarginal  space  ;  hind 
wings  fuscous  pellucid. — Colorado. 


—  119  — 

ON    THE   GENUS    DIATR^EA. 

By  Prof.   C.    H.    Fernald. 
Amherst,  Mass. 


The  genus  Diatrcca  was  established  by  Guilding  in  1S32,  for  the 
species  wiiich  he  described  as  Diatrcca  sacchari,  but  which  is  without 
doubt  the  same  species  that  Fabricius  described  in  1794,  in  his  Entomo- 
logia  S3-stematica,  Vol.  Ill,  Part  2,  p.  238,  .  under  the  name  Phalana 
saccharalis.  The  habits  and  life-history  of  this  species  have  been  given 
in  an  excellent  manner  in  the  Report  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  of 
the  United  States  for  the  year  1880. 

This  genus  may  be  characterized  as  follows  : 

Eyes  large,  hemispherical  and  naked.  Ocelli  wanting.  Labial  palpi 
horizontal,  nearly  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax.  Maxillary  palpi  tri- 
angular and  about  as  long  as  the  head.  Antennae  about  two-thirds  as  long 
as  the  costa.      Front  slightly  swollen  but  varying  in   the  different  species. 

Fore  wings  about  twice  as  long  as  wide,  the  apex  right  angled  and 
the  outer  border  slightly  and  regularly  rounded.  There  are  twelve  veins, 
of  which  vein  i  is  simple  at  the  base  and  ends  a  little  before  the  anal 
angle  ;  vein  2  arises  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  median  vein  and  ends 
in  the  anal  angle  ;  vein  3  arises  half  way  between  the  origin  of  vein  2  and 
the  end  of  the  median  vein  ;  vein  4  arises  at  the  end  of  the  median  where 
the  cross  vein  begins  ;  vein  5  arises  very  near  it  from  the  cross  vein. 
From  this  point  to  the  origin  of  vein  6,  the  cross  vein  is  very  fine  and 
turns  in  towards  the  base  of  the  wing  forming  a  right  angle.  Vein  6 
arises  quite  near  to  the  origin  of  7  which  last  arises  from  the  end  of  the 
subcostal  and  ends  below  the  apex.  Veins  8  and  9  are  from  the  subcostal 
a  little  before  the  end.  Vein  8  ends  in  the  costa  quite  near  the  apex  and 
9  ends  in  the  costa  a  little  l)efore  it.  Vein  10  runs  near  to  and  parallel 
with  the  stem  of  8  and  9,  through  the  first  half  of  its  length.  Veins  1 1 
and  12  unite  nearly  above  the  origin  of  vein  10,  and  separate  again  before 
reaching  the  costa. 

The  hind  wings  have  eight  veins,  three  inner  border  veins  and  the 
frenulum  is  single  in  the  male  but  divided  in  the  female.  The  origin  of 
veins  2,  3  and  4  is  equally  distant,  but  vein  5  arises  from  a  short  stem 
with  4.  Vein  6  arises  near  the  base  of  the  stem  of  7  and  8.  The  cross 
vein  forms  an  acute  angle  pointing  towards  the  base  of  the  wing.  The 
basal  part  of  the  median  vein  is  pectinated  on  the  upper  side. 

The  legs  are  moderately  stout  and  the  vestiture  is  smooth  over  the 
whole  surface  of  the  body  and  wings.    Genital  hook  present  in  the  male. 

The  described  North  American  species  may  be  separated  b}'  the  fol- 
lowing table  : 


120 — 

Fore  wings  pale  ocher  with  two  parallel  dusky  cross  lines .  cramhidoides 

Fore  wings  without  cross  lines .  .  2 

\  Fore  wings  pale  ocher  yellow J 

\  Fore  wings  seal  brown  or  light  brt)wnisli  yellow difierentiahs 

j  Fore  wings  with  a  terminal  row  of  brown  spots saccharalis 

^'   \  Fore  wings  with  a  terminal  brown  line alleni 

I  ha\e  not  seen  cramhidoides  and  it  may  not  belong  here.  It  was 
described  by  Prof.  Grote  in  the  Canadian  Fntomologist.  Vol.  XII,  p.  15, 
under  the  genus  Chilo,  but  in  his  New  List  he  put  it  under  the  genus 
Diatra-a,  probably  because  of  the  absence  of  the  ocelli.  Whether  it  agrees 
with  Dial)  tea  in  venation  remains  to  be  determined. 

Diatraea  alleni,  n.  ?p. 

Expanse  of  wingf,  30  mm.  Head,  palpi  above  and  middle  part  of  the  collar, 
cream  white.  Outer  side  of  the  labial  palpi,  sides  ol  the  head  and  thorax  and  the 
fore  wings,  cream-buff.  The  hinder  border  of  the  fore  wings  as  far  as  vei  1  i,  and  a 
few  longitudinal  streaks  beyond  the  dark  brown  discal  spot  are  paler  and  the  whoie 
surface  of  the  wing  is  evenly  and  sparsely  spiinkled  with  minute  brown  scales.  There 
is  a  fine  dark  brown  terminal  line  somewhat  broken.  The  frmges  are  whitish  at  the 
base  but  darker  beyond.  The  hind  wings  are  of  a  sordid  cieam  color  but  lis^htcr  oi> 
the  basal  part.  The  dark  brown  terminal  line  does  not  reach  the  anal  angle.  F/uiges 
lighter  than  the  adjacent  parts  of  the  wings.  Underside  ot  the  fore  wings,  pa'e 
fuscous  with  the  brown  terminal  line  reproduced. 

Described  from  one  male  taken  in  Orono,  IMe.,  by  the  late  INIr. 
Anson  Allen  for  whom  I  name  this  beautiful  species. 

Diatraea  differentialis,  n.   sp. 

Expanse  of  wmgs,  43  mm.  in  the  males  ;  541061  mm.  in  the  females.  Head, 
palpi,  antennae,  thorax  and  fore  wings,  seal  brown.  The  top  of  tiie  h.^ad  and  palpi 
and  the  hinder  edge  of  the  fore  wings  as  far  as  vein  i,  are  somewhat  lighter  and  the 
fore  wings  are  sprinkled  with  dark  scales.  Theie  is  a  small  dark  brown  discal  spnt 
at  the  end  of  the  cell  and  a  termmal  row  of  seven  .'^pots  of  the  same  color,  the  one  at 
the  anal  angle  being  double.  The  hind  wings  are  pale  fuscous,  lighter  towards  the 
base  which  is  of  the  same  color  as  the  abdomen.  Underside  of  the  hind  wings  like  the 
upper  side  in  color  and  the  underside  of  the  fore  wings  a  little  darker.  L  -gs  pale  seal 
l)rown,  darker  in  front. 

The  above  description  is  from  the  male.  The  female  has  the  head, 
palpi,  thorax  and  fore  wings  of  a  light  brownish  yellow  color,  the  latter 
sprinkled  with  brownish  atoms.  The  discal  and  terminal  spots  are 
similar  to  those  in  the  male.  The  remaining  parts  of  tlie  insect  are  similar 
to  those  in  the  male  except  that  the  shades  incline  to  yellowish.  The  dif- 
ference of  color  between  the  two  sexes  as  shown  above  is  most  remarkable. 

Described  from  two  males  and  two  females  taken  in  Floriiia  in  April 
and  May. 

These  two  species  differ  from  saccharalis  in  having  veins  11  and  12 
separate  though  bent  towards  each  other.  Whether  this  is  sufficient  to 
separate  them  generically  I  do  not  yet  feel  positive. 


— 121  — 

Note  on  Cerathosia  tricolor,  Sm. 

By  a.    R.   Grote,    A.  M. 

Through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Graef  I  have  several  specimens  of 
Cerathosia  tricolor,  describeii  by  IMr.  J.  1^.  Smith,  on  p.  79,  Vol.  Ill,  of 
this  Journal,  as  a  new  genus  and  species  of  Arctiidce  from  Texas.  The 
moth  is  new  to  me  and  I  do  not  venture  a  decided  opinion  as  to  its  posi- 
tion, but  I  quite  decidedly  dissent  from  the  position  assigned  it  by  Mr. 
Smith.  In  the  first  place  1  wish  to  correct  the  diagnosis  of  the  neuration. 
]Mr.  Smith  says  of  hind  wings:  "5  wanting."  Now  5  is  distinctly 
present  ;  weaker,  as  in  many  Noctuidce,  but  midway  between  4  and  6. 
In  the  Arctiidce  4  and  5  are  near  together.  On  the  primaries  there  is  a 
small  accessory  cell,  from  the  lower  and  outer  angle  of  which  6  is  given 
ofl".  From  the  upper  outer  angle  vein  7  proceeds,  throwing  oft'  8  at  a 
short  distance  to  apex  and  at  a  shorter  distance  9  to  costa.  3,  4  ^'id  5 
are  not  "nearly  equidistant,"  as  Mr.  Smith  says,  but  4  and  5  are  more 
than  twice  as  near  at  base  to  each  other  than  to  3  On  hind  wings  the 
cell  is  closed  by  a  weak  vein  Having  studied  the  neuration  of  such 
Noctuid  genera  as  Spragueia,  Grotella  and  Acopa.  the  neuration  o{  Cera- 
thosia reminds  me  of  these.  The  singular  insect  looks  like  a  Lithosian 
from  the  narrow  wings,  but  the  ocelli  exclude  it.  It  is  not  allied  to 
Psecadia  and  the  Micros,  because  the  hind  wings  have  two  internal  veins. 
The  claw  on  the  tibiae  and  especially  the  embossed  front,  the  tongue,  are 
all  much  as  we  find  them  in  the  smaller  NoctuidcF  allied  to  Grotella.  In 
the  neuration  of  primaries  I  wish  to  correct  also  Mr.  Smith's  statement 
that  "  10  springs  from  upper  angle  of  accessory  cell."  Vein  10  springs 
from  the  middle  of  the  upper  margm  of  accessory  cell.  If  we  correct 
these  neurational  characters  on  both  wings,  we  shall  incline  to  consider 
the  moth,  notwithstanding  its  Lithosii-form  look,  a  Noctuid.  The  clypeus 
with  its  lower  edge  projecting  like  a  rim  and  its  sub-central  button-like 
projection  is  quite  unlike  the  Arctiidce.  It  is  paralleled  by  genera  in  both 
Noctuidce  and  Pyralidce  which  I  have  not  by  me  to  compare.  The  weak 
vein  5  of  secondaries,  equidistant  between  4  and  6,  springing  from  the 
middle  of  the  weak  cross  vein  closing  the  median  cell,  will  not  allow  us 
to  refer  the  moth  to  the  Arctiidce.  I  am  sure  that  only  a  casual  re- 
semblance would  allow  us  to  place  the  moth,  as  Mr.  Smith  desires  us  to, 
next  to  Utetheisa  ( Deiopeia).  The  "wing  form"  is  not,  I  think,  identical 
in  these  two  genera.  The  outer  margin  of  primaries  is  somewhat  oblique 
in  Cerathosia  ;  the  secondaries  not  so  full.  While  I  should  rather  con- 
sider the  Texan  form  a  Noctuid,  I  do  not  certainly  refer  the  insect  there 
from  the  want  of  material  to  compare  it  with.  Yet  it  belongs  more  natur- 
ally to  the  NoctuidcB  from  my  memory  of  the  structure  of  many  N.  Am. 
genera.  In  my  opinion  the  comparison  of  the  insect  with  Ocnogyna  on 
account  of  the  tibial  claw  is  v.-ide  of  the  mark  and  irrelevant. 


Cerathosia  tricolor,    S/iiiih. 
By  John  B.   Smith. 


Mr.  Grote's  remarks  on  this  genus  and  species  are  really  a  matter  of 
surprise  to  me,  and  I  feel  almost  as  though  I  owed  an  apology  to  all 
Lepidopterists  for  treating  them  seriously.  However  Mr.  Grote  does  cor- 
rect me  in  one  particular,  and  one  only,  and  the  acknowledgment  of  my 
error  there  may  serve  as  an  excuse  to  mention  the  other  points.  Mr.  Grote 
is  correct  in  stating  that  vein  5  of  secondaries  is  present.  It  is  however 
so  weak  that  in  the  specimens  I  looked  on  it  as  a  fold,  and  in  the  recent 
slides  it  was  totally  invisible.  Later  it  became  visible  on  the  liardening  of 
the  balsam,  but  very  faintly,  and  variable  in  the  specimens  and  in  one 
scarcely  visible.  This  does  nut  control  or  modify  the  family  reference  in 
any  way,  however,  since  in  the  Arctiidte  the  location  is  not  constant, 
while  in  the  LithosiidcE  with  which  this  genus  has  great  affinities — so  great 
indeed  that  the  presence  of  ocelli  alone  excludes  it — the  venation  is  ab- 
solutely paralleled,  and  vein  5  is  present  or  absent  in  the  same  genus. 
This  Mr.  Grote  should  have  known,  and  he  should  have  known  also 
that  the  location  of  vein  5  in  the  Nocfuidce  is  by  no  means  a  constant 
factor  either  as  to  strength  or  location. 

Mr.  Grote  however  utterly  fails  to  refer  to  the  important  family 
character  found  in  the  costal  vein,  which  in  no  Noctuid  arises  from  the 
subcostal,  but  always  from  the  base,  though  sometimes  forming  a  con- 
nection with  the  subcostal  further  on.  In  this  genus  the  origin  of  the 
Costal  is  su  plainly  from  the  subcostal,  remote  from  base,  that  this  feature 
ahjne  wuuld  locate  the  insect  as  to  family  were  it  the  sole  character.  The 
so-called  corrections  to  my  description  of  the  venation  of  primaries  are 
purely  verbal  and  imaginary.  Mr.  Grote  knows,  if  he  has  studied  venation 
in  any  group  other  than  the  so  often  cited  genera  allied  to  Spragueia, 
that  the  accessory  cell,  even  in  the  same  species,  often  vanes  in  size  and 
form,  and  that  in  the  same  insect  it  may  be  present  on  one  side  and  ab- 
sent on  the  other.  In  Callimorpha  I  have  drawn  attention  to  this  fact  in 
my  paper  on  the  species.  The  differences  pointed  out  by  Mr.  Grote  are 
due  wholly  to  individual  variation,  and  though  great  in  sound,  are  great 
in  no  other  way.  In  reference  to  vein  7  and  its  derivatives,  renewed 
examination  bears  out  my  description  fully.  I  am  ready  to  believe  how- 
ever that  Mr.  Grote's  description  is  also  correct.  As  to  vein  10  again, 
he  says  that  it  arises  from  the  middle  of  the  upper  margin  while  I  say 
upper  angle.  Another  wt^-f^irt/ correction.  The  specimen  from  which  I 
described  had  a  short  but  rather  wide  accessory  cell  somewhat  diamond 
shaped,  the  widest  part  considerably  toward  outer  margin.      The  lower 


—  123— 

angle  of  this  diamond  gives  off  6,  the  tip  of  cell  7  and  derivatives,  the 
upper  angle  gives  off  10.  In  a  specimen  in  which  the  angle  of  the  dia- 
mond is  more  near  the  middle,  vein  10  while  still  arising  from  the  upper 
angle,  will  also  arise  from  the  middle.  To  make  so  much  of  so  little 
illustrates  the  character  of  Mr.  Grote's  entire  criticism.  Finally  Mr.  Grote 
utterly  fails  to  state  that  in  most,  if  not  all  the  ArcliidiB  with  accessory 
cell  the  neuration  is  practically  the  same  as  in  the  Nociiddce,  except  in 
one  important  particular,  for  while  in  the  Noctuidce  the  dorsal  or  internal 
vein  is  forked  at  base,  in  the  Arctiidce  and  LiihosndcB  it  is  simple.  Now 
of  these  two  really  family  characters,  viz:  character  of  dorsal  vein  of 
primaries  and  origin  of  subcostal  of  secondaries  which  make  this  genus 
distinctively  ^/T//y<r/  Mr.  Grote  says  absolutely  nothing,  while  "from 
memory  "  he  allies  it  in  venation  to  Grotella  et  al,  with  which  it  has  not 
even  a  habital  resemblance. 

The  characters  of  head  structure  and  tibial  armature  are  Noctuiform 
as  Mr.  Grote  says,  and  when  I  first  called  attention  to  this  insect  as  a 
new  Arc/lid,  before  the  Entomological  Society  Washington,  Prof  Riley 
at  once  challenged  the  location  on  these  grounds.  I  proved  to  his  and 
my  own  satisfaction  that  this  structure  was  not  controlling,  and  he  at 
once  agreed  that  I  was  probably  correct.  1  cite  this  as  showing  that  the 
point  was  not  overlooked.  The  tibial  armature  is  not  unique — several 
of  the  Arcfiid  gentxz,  including  Ocnogyna  have  a  similar  armature — nor 
indeed  is  the  clypeal  structure,  for  Cydosia  has  almost  identically  the 
same — a  point  prob;ably  unknown  to  Mr.  Grote. 

1  have  gone  full\  into  this  matter  in  a  paper  presented  8-10  months 
ago  for  publication  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum,  but  not  yet  reached. 
Wherever  Cerathosia  goes  there  must  Cydosia  go  also. 

1  have  replied  thus  at  length  to  Mr.  Grote's  remarks  because  they 
were  so  utterly  absurd  that  their  very  baselessness  might  challenge  belief 
Also  to  prove  that  "memory"  is  a  bad  staff  to  rely  on  in  scientific  work, 
and  especially  when  it  is  in  the  form  of  criticism  of  another's  work. 


Collecting  Notes  on  Lepidoptera. 

By  a.    G.   Weeks,   Jr. 


Among  the  White  Mountains  from  July  8th  to  the  20th,  I  found  the 
following  species  of  diurnal  Lepidoptera  : — Pap.  turnus,  Lim.  proser- 
pina,  var.  arthemis,  Lim.  dissipus,  Grapta  comma,  Grapia  /-album,  Van. 
anliopa,  Van.  milberti,  Mel.  phaeton,  Chion.  semidea,  Mel.  Harrisii, 
Phyc.    tharos.    Lye.  pseudargiolus,    Arg.    cybele,    Arg.   atlantis,    Arg. 


— 124 — 

idalia,    Colias  philodice,   Pieris  rapcB,    Chrys.   amerkanus,    Arg.    myriiia. 
and  several  common  species  of  the  Hesperidce. 

Lim.  arthe??iis  was  very  common,  frequenting  tlie  beds  of  brooks, 
open  lanes,  and  sunny  spots  in  the  woods.  On  damp  sandy  spots  they 
were  often  gathered  in  bunches  of  fifteen  to  thirty,  ami  especially  about 
bits  of  decaying  matter  and  the  dung  of  wild  animals.  Other  varieties  of 
this  species  were  not  seen. 

At  the  summit  of  Mt.  Kearsage,  I  tdok  Li?n.  arthemis,  Mel.  Har- 
risii,  Van.  antiopa.  Pap.  tiirnus,  &c.  In  fact  the  altitude,  3200  feet,  does 
not  interfere  with  the  habits  of  valley  butterflies. 

I  reached  the  summit  of  Mt.  Washington  on  July  iith.  Chion. 
se?nidea  were  unusually  abundant  there  this  season,  and  their  numbers 
were  remarked  by  all  visiting  there.  Undoubtedly  the  best  locality  tor 
them  is  the  "Alpine  Garden,"  about  two  miles  from  the  summit  on  the 
right  of  the  carriage  road  (see  Ento.  Am.,  Vol.  Ill,  No.  i,  p.  12).  The 
majority  taken  were  females  heavily  laden  with  eggs.  Presuming  these 
were  the  first  brood,  emerging  from  July  ist  to  the  loih,  it  is  reasonable 
to  suppose  that  a  second  brood  is  perfected  before  their  season  closes, 
about  the  middle  of  August.  How  peculiar  the  habiis  of  this  butterfly  ! 
In  times  of  distress,  they  seek  the  rocks,  and  (ailing  into  the  crevices 
among  small  stones,  they  show  the  agility  and  nimbleness  of  spiders  in 
secreting  themselves.  On  the  13th,  a  severe  storm  swept  over  the 
mountain,  the  heaviest  July  storm  for  thirteen  years.  The  wind  travelled 
90  to  120  miles  an  hour,  and  at  times  140  miles.  '1  he  thermometer  fell 
to  24"  F. ,  and  snow  was  piled  a  foot  deep,  extending  two  miles  below 
the  summit.  The  effect  of  this  extreme  weather  on  C.  semidea  was 
scarcely  perceptible,  as  far  as  their  number  was  concerned,  for  after  the 
storm  on  the  15th,  they  were  out  as  thickly  as  before,  but  badly  broken 
and  worn.  I  found  them  also  on  neighboring  summits,  but  not  abund- 
antly. 

I  spent  nearly  two  days  on  these  summits  in  a  fruitless  search  for 
A7-g.  montinus.  Reports  from  other  collectors  preceding  me  this  summer 
were  equally  disappointing  as  to  this  butterfly. 

I  took  Lim.  arthemis  and  Pap.  turnus  at  an  altitude  of  6000  feet. 
At  an  altitude  of  400c  feet  one  finds  nearly  all  varieties  of  butterflies  com- 
mon to  the  valleys,  flies,  mosquitos,  midgets,  and  other  plagues  almost 
unknown  1000  feet  higher.  In  the  vicinity  of  "Crawford's,"  I  found  the 
food  plant  of  Met.  phaeton  and  took  several  worn  out  specimens. 

Arg.  atlaiitis  was  undoubtedly  the  commonest  fly  seen,  with  Lim. 
arthemis  a  good  second.  Grapta  J-alhwi,  Colias  philodice,  and  Pieris 
rapie  were  scarce.  As  to  Arg.  monti?ius,  I  was  greatly  disappomted  in 
not  getting  some  points  of  interest. 


Americana 


VOL  lY. 


BROOKLYN,  OCTOBER,  1888. 


NO.  7. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  CLUB 
OF  THE  A.  A.  A.  S. 

[President's  Address.] 


(Continued  from  page  112.] 


S(ime  arguments  and  suggestions  against  individual  collections  have 
been  made  in  "The  Entoniolc)gi>l "  for  1887,  and  in  "Psyche"'  for  June 
1888  there  is  an  approving  citation  of  such  an  expression. 

1  do  not  at  all  aj^ree  with  such  ideas.  The  advantages  of  individual 
collections  for  scientific  purposes  are  immense,  and  the  best  work  ever 
done  has  been  done  in  private  collections,  even  in  countries  witli  manv 
and  large  Museum  collections.  A  Museum  cannot  allow  its  specimens  to 
be  handled  as  an  individual  can — it  cannot  consent  to  any  destruction  of 
any  except  really  duplicate  material,  even  to  clear  up  questions  ofscientific 
value— it  must  limit  the  times  of  work. 

An  individual  collection  is  always  at  the  service  of  the  owner  for  any 
purpose  :  he  can  mutilate  or  destroy  his  specimens  ad  libitum.  He  can 
remount,  denude,  dissect  or  do  anything  else  he  chooses.  Best  of  all,  his 
collection  is  always  handy.  He  can  go  to  it  at  any  hour  of  die  dav  or 
night  to  solve  a  doubt— to  verify  an  idea  or  to  test  a  theory.  Museum 
collections  in  this  country  too  are  not  so  numerous  that  any  arguments 
made  for  the  London  collectors  could  be  given  much  weight  here. 

I  would  say  therefore,  make  individual  collections  by  all  means  and 
make  them  as  extensive  as  time  and  scientific  work  will  permit.  Preferablv 
make  a  special  collection  and  try  and  complete  that,  even  at  the  expense 
of  the  other  groups. 

And  let  me  suggest  too  that  in  making  such  a  collection  the  date  of 
capture,  the  exact  locality  and  some  indication  as  to  habit  be  given.    This, 


— 126  — 

with  a  series  of  early  stages  and  a  sufficient  number  of  specimens  to  show 
the  variation  will  make  an  almost  ideal  collection. 

Private  collections  must  largely  remain  the  gatherers,  therefore — the 
Public  Museum  must  be  the  conservator — the  keeper  and  preserver  of 
the  life  labors  of  the  student,  the  open  record  of  work  done,  to  be  veri- 
fied by  subsequent  workers  in  the  same  field.  A  place  of  resort  for 
students  to  see  the  material  with  which  their  predecessors  worked,  and 
to  remember  in  their  greater  knowledge,  when  they  contemptuously  cast 
aside  the  earlier  conclusions  that  but  for  these  incomplete  observations 
their  own  results  would  not  be  so  lull,  and  to  coi.s  dcr  too  that  a  future 
generation  will  be  apt  to  treat  the  present  much  as  the  present  now  treats 
t!ie  past. 

This  does  not  mean  at  all  that  a  museum  should  be  unlv  a  record  — 
it  should  also  seek  in  all  wa\s  to  accummulate  material  and  to  become  a 
known  and  influential  element  in  the  progress  of  Science. 

In  his  able  address  to  the  Ent.  Soc.  of  London.  Dr.  .''harp  speaks 
of  die  aims  of  public  collections  and  emphasizes  the  fact  of  their  being  a 
record.  He  prominently  urges  the  fact  that  collections  innv  made  are  im- 
portant and  should  be  urged,  as  civilization,  especially  in  Islands  is  en- 
tirely changing  the  faunal  condition,  so  that  in  a  few  years  no  trace  of  the 
peculiarities  now  existing  will  be  discoverable.  No  collector  in  the  vicinity 
of  rapidly  growing  American  cities  can  fail  to  be  struck  by  Dr.  Sharp's 
arguments.  He  says  that  a  single  pair  of  goats  on  an  Island  previously  un- 
inhabited by  them  can  change  the  entire  fauna.  I  know  that  a  herd  of 
cows  introduced  into  my  favorite  collecting  ground  near  Brooklyn,  pro- 
duced this  effect  in  a  single  year,  and  within  my  experience  the  fauna  of 
the  Western  end  of  Long  Island  has  undergone  a  complete  change. 

The  observations  of  Dr.  Hamilton  on  this  subject  recorded  some 
vears  smce  in  the  Canadian  Entomologist,  strikingly  illustrate  the  same 
subject. 

The  importance  to  a  museum  of  acquiring  intlividual  collections 
thus  exemplified,  local  C(^llectors,  even  with  but  small  collections, 
should  see  to  their  deposit  in  a  Museum  to  preserve  in  that  way  a  record 
of  the  fauna  at  a  definite  period. 

The  curator  of  such  an  institution  should  be  a  working  systematist, 
and  he  will  find  his  hands  full  in  keeping  his  charge  abreast  of  the  tmies. 
He  should  also  be  a  specialist,  able  by  his  scientific  work  to  inspire  con- 
fidence and  attract  material — in  his  own  specialty  at  least,  to  render  the 
collection  in  his  charge,  pre-eminent — not  however  to  the  neglect  of 
branches  outside  of  his  specialty. 

There  are  several  Institutions,  but  only  two  which  seem  to  me  to  fill 
all  of  the  requisitions  to  invite  deposit  of  collections,  viz  :  the  Museum  of 


—  127— 


Comparative  Zoology  at  Cambridge,  and  the  National  Museum  at  Wash- 
ington, 

In  many  Stales  there  are  colleges  and  other  institutions  having  col- 
lections, but  in  the  rarest  instances  have  they  a  competent  person  in 
charge,  and  the  usual  fate  of  the  collection,  after  the  retirement  of  the 
pei-son  making  it,  is  dust  ami  decay.      I  know  several  such  collections. 

The  collection  in  Cornell  University  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  is  a  shining 
exception.  Here  Prof.  Comstock  is,  by  earnest  and  persistent  labor 
gelling  together  a  good  collection,  deter  nined  by  >pecialisls  in  each  order. 
Prof.  Comstock  has  original  ideas  on  Museums,  and  his  block  s\stem  for 
cabinet  boxes,  and  the  bent  neck  vials  have  been  ilc^cribed  and  figured 
by  him.  Whether  Prof  Comstock's  successor  will  appreciate  and  carry 
out  his  work  is  of  course  another  question. 

The  Boston  Society  of  Natural  Histt)ry  has  a  general  colleciion  of 
considerable  extent,  but  no  special  curator  of  insects.  Mr.  Henshaw, 
the  present  curaior  of  invertebrate  Zoology,  is  fortunately  an  Entomo- 
logist, and  able  to  appreciate  the  valuable  material  now  in  the  Museum. 

The  American  Museum  of  Natural  History  has  allowed  onet\pical 
collection  to  go  to  ruin  in  the  most  unwarrantable  manner,  and  has  al- 
lowed individuals  to  handle  the  material  whose  knowledge  of  the  subject 
was  such  that  they  took  off  the  labels  on  the  few  still  existent  types  of 
Robinson's  Tortricidae,  and  thus  destioyed  the  value  of  the  imperfect 
remnants  of  what  was  once  a  valuable  collection  of  Lepidopiera.  The 
treatment  of  other  orders  and  collections  was  not  more  enlightened.  They 
have  just  ajipointed  a  curator  at  a  very  small  salarv  and  have  not  as  yet 
shown  any  disposition  to  give  him  any  facilities  for  w'ork. 

In  Missouri,  60  drawers  prepared  for  the  State  by  Prof.  Riley  con- 
taining a  large  lot  of  Biological  material  of  value  was  allowed  to  go  to 
ruin  by  simple  neglect. 

The  American  Entomological  Society  has  a  large  collection  of  Insects 
owned  by  it,  or  on  deposit,  but  no  salaried  officer  to  take  care  of  it.  So 
much  intelligent  care  has  however  been  accorded  the  collection  that  there 
has  been  little  loss.  In  Coleoptera,  the  Wilt  collection  has  given  them  a 
large  material  in  addition  to  the  large  lot  of  species  previously  on  hand. 

In  Lepidoptera  there  is  a  large  amount  of  material  well  determined 
by  Grote  and  others,  typical  of  many  of  the  older  described  species. 
There  are  also  many  of  the  types  of  Clemens'  Micros. 

In  Hymenoptera  the  Cresson  collection  is  on  deposit,  and  they  have 
also  a  very  fair  lot  of  species  in  some  other  orders.  Altogether  there  is  a 
fair  nucleus  for  a  collection,  needing  only  a  competent  salaried  curator 
to  develop  and  increase  it.  The  insects  are  in  large  cabinet  drawers, 
cork-lined. 


Of  the  two  Public  Institutions  first  above  mentioned,  the  Cambridge 
l\[useum  is  very  much  the  older  and  more  extensive,  an(]  in  the  choice 
of  the  curator  of  Entomology,  has  been  singularly  fortunate,  not  only  in 
the  character  and  ability  of  the  gentleman  placed  in  charge,  but  also  in 
the  fact  that  he  has  been  able  to  spend  so  man\'  aciive  \eais  in  developing 
and  perfecting  his  plans  fur  a  comprehensive  collection. 

Dr.  Hagen  has  well  appreciated  the  responsibilities  of  a  Museum 
and  its  aims,  and  has  labored  to  accumulate  and  preserve,  allowing  his 
personality  to  interfere  singularly  little  with  his  duties  to  the  Museum. 

A  brief  statement  of  what  American  material  the  Museum  has  and 
the  manner  of  its  preservation  may  be  interesting. 

The  Collections  are  all  in  cabinet  boxes  of  uniform  size,  16x19 
inches,  glass  covered,  and  painted  inwardly  with  white  zinc  paint.  Dr. 
Hagen  docs  not  approve  of  cork,  and  the  insects  are  pinned  directly  into 
the  bottom  made  of  Linden,  I  believe,  or  some  oiher  sc>ft  white  wood. 
The  frame  of  the  box  is  of  Poplar,  and  the  cover  fits  into  the  frame  by 
inems  of  a  tongue  and  groiwe,  making  a  very  tight  joint.  The  cabinets 
are  uniform  in  size  and  each  contains  2  sections  of  9  drawers  each.  The 
drawers  are  interchangeable,  ami  the  cabinets  close  with  a  door  to  each 
section.  Tight  boxes  and  care  are  Dr.  Hagen's  reliances  to  preserve  from 
damage  by  Museum  pests,  and  they  are  sufficient  where  the  material  is 
not  in  constant  use. 

Among  the  Museum's  treasures  is  the  Leconte  collection  of  Coleop- 
tera,  and  its  place  here  illustrates  one  of  the  uses  of  a  Museum — it  per- 
petuates the  collection,  and  allows  access  to  it  by  students  desirous  of 
following  in  the  footsteps  of  this  illustrious  leader.  I  have' not  seen  the 
collection  since  its  installation  in  the  Museum,  but  believe  it  is  left  in  its 
original  boxes,  they  being  placed  in  the  Museum  boxes.  The  other  col- 
lection ofColeoptera  is  good  ;  but  the  knowledge  that  one  day  the  Leconte 
collection  would  rank  aniong  its  treasures  has  prevented  any  special  at- 
tention to  this  order.  One  of  the  advantages  of  a  Museum  is,  gentlemen, 
it  never  dies — it  can  afiford  to  wait. 

Next  in  order — perhaps  actually  superior  in  completeness  and  cer- 
tainly superior  in  showing  a  full  seiies  of  exotics — is  the  collection  of 
Neuroptera.  This  is  Dr.  Hagen's  specialty  and  shows  the  advantage  of 
having  the  curator  a  specialist — it  puts  it  in  one  group  at  least  on  a  some- 
what better  footing  temporarily — a  future  curator  will  probably  have  some 
other  specialty  ;  but  the  advantage  gained  in  the  Neuroptera,  will  never 
be  lost. 

In  the  Diptera,  a  glance  at  Osten-Sacken's  catalogue  will  show  the 
wealth  of  the  collection.  Osten-Sacken  deserves  the  sincere  thanks  of 
American    students   for   his  liberal   and    enlightened    course    of  placing 


— 129  — 

American  types  where  American  sludents  could  get  hold  of  them — an 
example  by  no  means  generally  followed  by  Americans  themselves. 

In  the  I.epidopiera,  the  collection  does  not  rank  high.  I  have  been 
over  tlie  Heterocera  several  times  and  over  the  Rhopalocera  on  one  oc- 
casion and  it  ranks  far  behind  the  individual  Lepidopterological  collec- 
tions enumerated.  It  has  however  many  types  of  Packard's  description, 
mostly  in  miserable  condition,  and  many  species  named  by  Zeller,  which, 
considering  that  this  author  wrote  considerably  on  our  species,  are  valuable. 

The  Chambers'  types  of  Tineidce  add  little  perhaps  to  the  value  of 
the  collection  owing  to  their  poor  condition. 

What  the  representation  is  in  the  other  orders,  I  confess  I  do  not 
know.  It  is  certainly  good,  without  having  any  special  claims  to  high 
rank.  In  the  Myriapods  Meinerl's  recent  paper  shows  the  collection  of 
Chilopoda  to  be  a  good  one. 

Dr.  Hagen  has  also  devoted  much  time  to  the  formation  of  a  biolo- 
gical collection,  and  has  accumulated  an  extremely  interesting  and  in- 
structive series,  largely  however  of  European  species. 

The  Cambridge  i\Iuseum  is  well  worthy  a  visit  by  any  entomologist, 
and  specialists  in  some  orders  cannot  afford  not  to  visit  it. 

'I  he  last  branch  of  my  subject  and  the  end  of  my  tax  on  your  pati- 
ence is  a  review  of  the  insect  collections  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum, 
with  which  I  have  the  honor  to  be  connected  as  assistant  curator. 

By  the  courtesy  of  Prof  Riley  the  Honorary  Curator,  I  have  per- 
mission to  tell  all  that  I  know  myself;  as  I  have  learned  in  the  three  years 
that  I  have  worked  in  it  to  love  and  know  the  collection  as  though  it 
were  my  own  I  may  be  pardoned  if  I  speak  somewhat  enthusiastically  of 
this  collection  and  its  future. 

I  will  first  give  an  account  of  how  our  collection  is  kept,  and  this 
subject  was  a  matter  of  very  full  discussion  between  Prof  Riley  and  my- 
self before  a  final  standard  was  agreed  upon.  Prof.  Riley  had  care- 
fully studied  the  methods  in  use  in  museums  here  and  abroad,  and  the 
standards  adopted,  seemed  to  him  most  practical  and  safe. 

Two  styles  were  finally  adopted  as  most  convenient  and  best  adapt- 
ed for  the  varying  wants  of  various  orders. 

The  one  is  a  small,  8x13  inches  wooden  box  2^l.-,_  inches  deep,  calcu- 
lated for  the  temporary  reception  of  Coleoptera,  Hymenoptera,  Diptera  and 
Hemiptera;  the  other  a  square,  glass  covered  drawer  18x18  outside  meas- 
urement, for  Lepidoptera  and  the  other  orders  containing  large  insects  and 
as  permanent  cabinet  drawer.  Our  small  boxes  are  all  cork-lined,  since 
all  concerned  are  believers  in  the  convenience  and  utility  of  that  material, 
the  top  and  bottom  are  of  cross-grained  thin  pine  stuff,  the  two  thick- 
nesses calculated  to  control  warping.      Inside  they  are  lined  with  white 


—ISO- 
glazed  paper  and  they  close  over  a  tongue  forming  a  perfectly  tight  joint 
all  around.  The  rows  of  insects  are  transverse,  and  the  boxes  set  on 
shelves,  a  neat  label  in  a  brass  holder  indicating  the  contents.  The  shelv- 
ings  are  closed  by  glass  doors,  excluding  dust  and  pests,  and  }et  allow- 
ing the  legends  on  the  labels  to  be  plainly  seen,  We  have  seen  no  reason 
to  find  fault  with  this  scheme  thus  far,  it  has  worked  perfectly  anti  given 
complete  satisfaction. 

The  Museum  Cabinet  drawers  are  a  modification  by  Prof  Riley  o' 
the  British  Museum  box.  They  were  adopted  as  combining  convenience, 
durability  and  saiety  in  an  unusual  degree.  They  consi>t  really  of  two 
boxes,  the  inner  about  y^  inch  from  the  outer  and  of  '/«  inch  poplar,  a 
tongue  from  the  cover  fitting  into  the  interval.  Na})lhaline,  or  any 
other  repellant  can  be  placed  in  the  chamber  between  tiie  inner  and  outer 
box  without  soiling  the  paper  or  specimens.  The  bottoms  are  cork  lined 
and  papered  with  a  white  glazed  paper. 

The  drawers  run  in  grooves  and  are  inter-changeable.  They  are  m 
cabinets  containing  2  sections  of  lo  drawers  each,  each  section  closed  by 
a  door.  The  materials  now  used  are  cherry  for  cabinets  and  mahogany 
for  drawers,  save  the  bottoms  which  are  of  3-ply  pine  veneer. 

It  is  almost  impossible  for  museum  pests  to  get  into  these  drawers 
with  reasonable  care  in  excluding  infested  specimens,  and  Napthaline 
constantly  kept  in  the  space  between  the  boxes  retards  or  controls  devel- 
opment to  such  an  extent  as  to  render  damage  practically  impossible. 

The  most  important  feature  however  is  the  collection  itself  and  few 
have  any  idea  of  the  wealth  of  material  awaiting  arrangement.  The  ac- 
cumulation of  material,  considering  the  time  of  existence,    is  wonderful. 

For  many  years  Government  expeditions  had  been  collecting  mate- 
rial which  wandered  into  individual  collections,  or  was  stored  until  de- 
stroyed. The  Smithsonian  Institution  allowed  one  collection  at  least  to 
go  to  ruin  and  others  would  have  been  lost  had  they  not  been  distributed, 
A  few  years  ago  Prof.  Riley  induced  the  authorities  to  establish  a  De- 
partment of  Insects.  As  a  nucleus  to  a  national  collection,  he  first  de- 
posited, and  afterwards,  when  provision  was  made  for  a  salaried  officer, 
donated  his  entire  collection. 

This  collection  forms  the  starting  point  of  the  Department  of  In- 
sects, and  most,  if  not  all  of  the  gentlemen  present  have  seen  a  detailed 
statement  of  its  contents,  published  in  most  scientific  journals  at  the  time. 

In  this  collection  was  contained  not  only  the  material  accumulated 
by  25  years  of  collecting  and  labor,  but  also  the  Burgess  collection  of 
Diptera  purchased  by  Prof  Riley,  and  the  American  collection  of 
Mr.  Belfrage  also  purchased  by  that  gentleman,  altogether  representing 
15328  species  in  1 15058  specimens  besides  nearly  3000  vials  of  alcoholic 
material  and  about  3000  slides  of  microscopic  insects. 


—131— 

The  Exotics  of  the  Belfrage  collection  were  also  purchased  by  the 
Department  of  Agriculture  and  turned  over  to  the  Museum.  Since  that 
time  there  has  been  acquired  the  Lepidoptera  collection  of  Mr.  O.  Meske, 
in  its  day  one  of  the  best  and  most  complete,  my  own  collections  in  Co- 
leoptera  antl  Lepidoptera,  rich  in  both  orders  and  typical  in  some  fami- 
lies of  each,  and  the  remnants  of  the  Morrison  Collection,  principally 
Coleo[)tera. 

Tl'e  sources  of  income  in  addition,  have  been  from  the  continuous 
breeding  and  collections  of  the  Entomological  Division  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  and  its  agents,  the  deposit  of  types  described  in 
Museum  jtulilications  and  the  ordinary  accessions  from  Government  ex- 
peditions and  Smithsonian  correspondents. 

To  review  special  orders — we  are  most  rich  in  Lepidoptera,  both 
Macn.)S  and  Micros,  without  reaching  the  level  of  the  best  individual  col- 
lections in  either  branch.  In  the  American  series  however,  we  have  a 
very  large  proportion  of  unique  and  typical  material. 

In  Coleoptera  our  material  is  richer  than  in  any  individual  collection 
save  those  especially  enumerated  in  the  first  part  of  this  paper. 

In  the  Diptera  we  have  an  exceedingly  rich,  if  somewhat  unarranged 
material.  In  Syrphidce  we  have  nearly  all  of  Dr.  Williston's  types  and 
an  almost  if  not  quite  complete  representadon  of  described  species. 

In  Boinbyliidce.  we  have  many  of  Mr.  Coquillett's  types,  and  fully 
twice  as  many  species  as  are  enumerated  in  Osten-Sacken's  Catalogue.  In 
many  other  families  the  collection  is  proportionately  rich. 

In  Hynienoptera  we  have  a  very  large  material,  much  of  it  well  de- 
termined. The  numerous  parasitic  forms  bred  in  the  Department  work 
have  all  passed  through  Mr.  Howard's  hands  and  are  accurately  determ- 
ined, the  Cyiiipids  have  been  arranged  by  Mr.  Ashmead,  and  in  Apidce 
our  material  is  especially  rich. 

Specialists  in  all  these  orders  will  find  much  that  is  new  and  rare  in 
our  collections. 

In  Orthoptera  our  collections  are  especially  rich  and  well  determ- 
ined ;  Thomas,  Riley  and  Bruner  having  been  over  parts  or  all  of  it. 
Mr.  Bruner  has  been  of  late  in  connection  with  Prof.  Riley  accumuladng 
material  for  a  monograph  of  the  Acrididcc  and  this  material  will  also  go 
to  the  Museum. 

In  Hettiipiera  our  collection  is  good,  without  being  remarkable  in 
any  particular:  it  has  been  w^orked  over  by  Prof.  Osborn,  and  parts  of  it 
by  Prof.  Uhler. 

In  Neuroptera,  our  collection  is  undeniably  poor,  except  perhaps  in 
early  stages,  though  probably  next  in  importance  to  that  at  Cambridge 
as  the  order  is  so  very  generally  neglected  by  collectors. 


—  132— 

In  Arachnida  we  have  the  advantage  of  Dr.  Marx's  collections  and 
labors.  Our  material  is  largely  in  his  hands  for  determination  and  will 
prove  an  excellent  one.  In  the  Scorpiones  we  have  probably  all  but 
one  or  two  of  Wood's  types,  and  several  new  species. 

In  Myriapoda  our  material  is  very  rich  in  species  and  specimens. 
Many  of  Wood's  types  are  still  here,  and  our  older  material  has  been  de- 
termined for  us  by  Prof.  L.  M.  Underwood.  The  same  gentleman  on  a 
recent  collecting  trip  through  parts  of  Georgia,  added  a  considerable 
quantity  of  material  in  this  sub-class. 

Mr.  C.  H.  Bollman  of  Bloomington,  Indiana,  has  within  die  last 
}ear  or  two  described  many  species  of  Myriopoda,  a  large  proportion  ol 
the  types  of  which  are  in  our  collection. 

In  addition  to  this  there  is  a  very  large  and  important  class  of  material 
which  has  not  yet  been  mentioned  at  all  —viz  :  the  Biologic  material.  In 
this,  the  collection  is  incomparably  rich,  nearly  all  of  the  resulis  of  Prof. 
Riley's  breedings  and  of  the  work  done  in  the  Department  of  Agriculture 
being  represented  in  it. 

Nowhere  else  is  there  such  an  abundance  of  adolescent  stages  in  all 
orders,  blown  and  in  alcohol. 

This  vast  mass  of  material  is  being  slowly  put  into  shape.  The  de- 
mands upon  the  time  of  the  Museum  officers  in  routine  work,  answering 
inquiries,  making  determinations  t'tc. ,  are  so  gieat  that  progress  is  not  so 
rapid  as  desirable.  However,  the  Orthoptera  are-  completely  arranged. 
The  Hemiptera-Heleroptera  are  also  in  good  shape.  In  the  Lepidoptera 
about  half  the  work  is  done.  In  Coleoptcra  a  good  beginning  has  been 
made — in  Hymenoptera  and  Dipiera  isolated  families  only  have  been  put 
into  shape.  It  is  expected  however  that  greater  facilities  will  be  provided 
hereafter  in  laboratory  space  which  will  advance  work  much  more 
rapidly. 

A  great  demand  upon  time  is  caused  by  the  necessity  of  preparing 
an  Exhibition  collection  for  the  Public  at  large.  The  Museum,  being  a 
Government  Institution,  of  course  demands  a  visible  result  in  its  Exhibi- 
tion Halls  from  all  its  Departments,  and  with  this  aim  a  large  number  of 
boxes,  24  x  30  inches,  has  been  prepared  and  is  being  prepared.  In 
all  we  have  nearly  100  such  boxes  besides  a  large  quantity  of  other  Exhi- 
bition material. 

It  has  been  deemed  wise  in  this  series  to  separate  the  scientific,  pract- 
ical, and  merely  interesting  sides. 

For  the  first  we  have  prepared,  and  very  nearly  finished,  a  complete 
synopsis  of  the  class.  A  single  box  defines  the  sub-classes  and  orders, 
each  illustrated  by  specimens  or  drawings.  Following  this,  in  each  order 
all  the  families  and  higher   divisions  are  defined  on   printed  labels,   and 


—133  — 

nearly  each  family  is  represented  by  specimens  and  drawings  of  structural 
peculiarities.  50  of  these  boxes  will  constitute  this  series  which  will  thus 
be  a  complete  text  book  of  North  American  Entomology,  illustrated  by 
the  insects  themselves,  l^hirty-seven  of  these  boxes  are  complete,  and 
for  the  balance  the  labels  are  printed,  most  of  the  drawings  made,  and 
many  of  the  specimens  selected. 

For  the  practical  or  economic  side  we  have  a  series  of  8  boxes,  illu- 
strating insect  injuries  to  forest  trees.  So  far  as  possible  all  stages  of  the 
insects  as  well  as  samples  of  their  work  are  shown.  Brief  descriptive 
labels  are  added  in  a  large  propornon  of  cases.  14  boxes  illustrate  insects 
injurious  to  cultivated  plants,  and  the  arrangement  is  similar,  save  that 
here  the  insect  enemies  of  the  injurious  species  are  also  given.  A  printed 
label  directs  to  the  chief  article  on  the  subject  and  gives  in  brief  words  the 
nature  of  the  remedies  to  be  used.  8  boxes  are  devoted  to  native  and 
foreign  silk  producers. 

In  all  we  have  on  Exhibition  about  3,200  species  in  about  10,000 
specimens,  beside  architecture  of  insects.  16  boxes  contain  Exotic  Co- 
leoptera  and  Lepidoptera,  and  6  contain  American  Lepidoptera,  furnish- 
ing the  third  part  of  the  series. 

In  describing  the  objects  and  aims  of  the  National  Museum  collec- 
tions 1  cannot  do  better  than  quote  from  Prof.  Riley's  Report  as  Curator,  for 
1886.  He  says:  "Collections  of  objects  intelligently  brought  together, 
are  necessarily  educational  in  influence;  but  a  National  collection  of  In- 
sects, on  acci)uiu  of  ihe  very  great  number  of  species,  and  the  exceeding 
minuteness  and  fragility  of  the  great  majority  ol  the  .species,  as  compared 
with  oiher  animals,  must  needs  have  a  dual  characier,  and  slmuld  con- 
sist of  (1)  the  cabinet  or  study  collection  piii[)Lr,  and  (2)  the  exhibit  col- 
lection." 

'<The  ideal  G^/^zw^/ collection  of  a  National  Museum  should  repre- 
sent, as  completely  as  possible,  the  insect  fauna  of  the  country  properly 
classified  and  determined.  It  can,  necessarily,  have  little  interest  for  the 
public  at  large  and  should  be  consecrated  to  the  use  of  the  Specialist, 
and  to  the  advancement  of  the  Science  jDf  Entomology.  For  this  purpose 
it  should  be  most  carefully  guarded  and  conserved  in  the  best  made 
drawers  and  cases,  and  secured  alike  from  light  and  the  too  constant 
handling  of  the  mere  curious.  It  should  constitute  a  study  collection  tc» 
\vhich  workers  are  drawn  for  unpublished  facts,  and  for  comparisons  anti 
determinations.  It  should  be  so  well  conserved  and  provided  for,  as  to 
induce  describers  of  new  species  to  add  to  it  their  types  or  auttientic 
duplicates  thereof.  It  will  be  many  years  ere  such  an  ideal  collection  can 
be  got  together,  and  none  now  living  may  witness  it ;  but  the  material  on 
hand,  forms  a  good  foundation  for  it." 


—  134  — 

"The  ^.v/«(5// collection  should  be  something  entirely  independent 
and  apart  from  the  other,  and,  on  account  of  the  rapid  deterioration  of 
insect  specimens  constantly  on  exhibition  and  nece^saiily  much  exposed 
to  light,  should  consist  as  far  as  jiossible,  of  duplicates  only,  or  of  such 
commoner  species  as  can  be  easily  replaced.  Intended  for  the  instruction 
and  edification  o(  the  lay  visitor  to  the  IMuseum,  it  should  illustrate  in  the 
boldest  possible  way  the  salient  characters  of  the  class,  the  larger  classi- 
ficatory  divisions  and  the  structure  on  which  they  are  based,  the  woiuler- 
lul  metamorphoses  and  economies  of  the  commoner  and  more  easily 
recognized  species,  and  particularl)-  in  their  relations  to  man  either 
directly  or  indirect)}-  through  injury  c>r  benefit. 

The  value  of  such  an  exhibit  collection  depends  very  much  on  con- 
spicuity,  and  this  can  best  be  obtained  by  the  liberal  use  of  diagrams  and 
enlarged  drawings,  as  the  majority  of  the  most  interesting  species  and 
those  which  concern  man  are  almost  microscopical  m  size.  Such  an  ex- 
hibit collection  will  miss  its  mark  and  object  whenever  it  exceeds  these 
limits  and  by  too  much  detail  seeks  to  interest  and  instruct  the  Specialist 
or  in  other  ways  trenches  on  the  function  of  the  study  collection." 

Prof.  Riley  then  further  shows  what  a  vast  source  of  increase  to  the 
IMuseum  colleclicm  is  the  Department  of  Agriculture  at  which  the  most 
interesting  material  is  constantly  received,  especially  in  specimens  of  bio- 
logic interest,  which  renders  necessary  and  extremel}-  desirable  the  form- 
mation  of  a  separate  Biological  collection. 

Parallel  therefore  with  the  study  collection  will  be  the  BioK)gic  collec- 
tion illustrating  so  much  as  is  possible  of  the  life  history  of  each  species. 

The  aim  will  be  to  create  and  develope  a  truly  National  Collection,  in 
which  American  Entomologists  can  take  pride,  to  which  they  can  resort  for 
study  at  all  times  and  in  which  they  can  feel  a  certain  right  of  property. 

To  accomplish  this  it  will  be  necessary  to  obtain  the  cheerful  assist- 
ance of  all  American  Entomologists.  If  each  collector  or  student  would 
send  duplicate  series  of  types,  the  collections  would  soon  reach  a  very 
high  standard:  and  if  students — specialists  with  large  collections  would 
provide  for  a  transfer  of  their  collections  to  the  Museum,  when  they  can 
not  further  need  them,  the  results*of  their  w^ork  would  be  preserved  to 
their  fellows  and  successors,  and  the  aims  of  the  INIuseum  would  be  in  a 
fair  way  to  fulfillment. 

The  INIuseum  as  a  Government  Institution  is  reasonably  certain  to 
grow  and  continue  while  the  Government  exists,  and  no  better  place  it 
seems  to  me  can  be  found  to  deposit  collections. 

Its  connection  with  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  will  enable  it  also 
to  accumulate  original  collections  specially  made  for  it  and  will  give  it 
an  importance  as  a  stutly  collection  second  to  none  in  the  world. 


—  133— 

ON    THE   GENUS   SCHCENOBIUS. 

By  PRt)K.   C.    H.    Fkknald. 

Amherst,  Mass. 


The  genus  Sc/i€Cfio5ius  was  established  by  Duponchel  in  1844,  in 
his  Catalogue  Methodique,  page  312,  with  the  'Em-openn  ^i^/gan/e///is\  S. 
v.,  as  the  t}-pe.  For  the  purpose  of  re-arranging  our  North  American 
species,  I  have  made  a  careful  study  oji  gigatih'i/us,  and  would  characterize 
the  genus  as  follows  : 

Head  of  medium  size.  Eyes  lart^c,  globose,  naked  and  witlioiit  lashes  OLelli 
present ;  proboscis  short  or  rudimentary.  Front  clothed  with  a  vvedge-sha[ied  tult  of 
hairs  extending;  forward.  Labial  palpi  horizontal,  as  long  as  the  head  and  thorax  ; 
ma.xillary  palpi  triangular,  as  long  as  the  head  and  re-ting  on  the  labial  palpi.  An- 
tenna; ciliated  and  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  the  eosta  in  the  males,  simple  and 
nearly  half  as  long  as  the  costa  in  the  females.  Thorax  smooth  ;  abdomen  ending  in 
a  dense  tuft  in  the  females,  simple  in  the  males.  Claspers  somewhat  spoon-shaped 
and  clothed  with  scales  on  both  sides.  The  genital  hook  is  present  with  an  accessory 
hook  curving  up  and  meeting  it  at  the  apex. 

Legs  long  and  slim,  with  the  inner  spurs  twice  as  long  as  the  outer. 

Wings  long  and  narrow.  Foie  vvings  with  twelve  veins.  Veins  5  and  6  remote 
from  each  other  and  the  cross  vein  between  them  is  tine  and  forms  a  right  angle 
pointing  towards  the  base  of  the  wing.  Veins  8  and  9,  ari-e  from  a  common  stem 
and  8  ends  in  or  very  near  the  apex,  while  9  ends  in  the  costa  before  it.  Tlie  other 
veins  are  separate. 

The  hiiid  w-ings  have  eight  veins,  3,  4  and  5  separate  at  their  origin  liut  near 
each  other ;  7  and  8  from  a  common  stem,  and  6  arises  near  the  angle  of  the  cell. 
The  cross  line  makes  an  acute  angle  into  the  cell.  Frenulum  smgle  in  the  male,  di- 
^ide^l  in  the  female.     Median  vein  not  pectinate  above. 

The  sexes  differ  so  much  in  some  of  the  species  and  there  is  so  great 

variauon  that  the  following  table  for  separating  the  species  is  only  given 

provisionally : 

Hind  wings  gray  with  a  silky  luster sordidellus. 

Hind  wings  white  or  nearly  so 2. 

j  Fore  wings  yellowish  fuscous  with  a  broad  whitish  costal  stripe,  .albicostellus. 
(  Fore  wings  without  a  whitish  costal  sti^ipe 3- 

^    j  Fore  wnigs  without  terminal  dots 4- 

■'■  J  Fore  wings  with  termuial  dots 5- 

Fore  wings  dark  fuscous  with  a  prominent  discal  dot unipunctellus,  {^ . 

Fore  wings  bright  yellow,  usually  without  a  discal  dot    melinellus,  O  . 

f  Fore  wings  pale  straw  yellow longirostrellus. 

I  Fore  wings  light  ocher  yellow  with  a  fuscous  shade  through  the  middle    

']                                                                                                          dispersellus,  C  . 
(^  Fore  wings  fuscous 6. 

I  Fore  wing  with  three  dark  dots  on  the  surface tripunctellus. 

j  Fore  wing  with  one  dark  discal  dot • 7- 

j  Terminal  points  present  on  the  hind  wings clemensellus. 

j  Terminal  points  wanting  on  the  hind  wings unipunctellus,  q  . 


'■) 


'•] 


—136— 

S.  sordidellus,  Zinck. 

This  species  has  not  hitherto  been  observed  since  Zincken  first  de- 
scribed it  in  1 82 1  in  the  4th  volume  of  Germar's  Magazine  der  Ento- 
raologie,  page  247. 

Neither  of  Clemens'  species  could  be  refeiTed  to  it  nor  was  it  known 
to  Robinson,  but  I  have  just  received  a  series  from  Prof.  Forbes,  taken 
in  Illinois  and  two  from  Mr.  Hulst,  taken  in  Florida.  There  are  thirty- 
one  males  and  two  females  in  the  series  from  Prof.  Forbes.  Zincken"s 
description  was  of  a  male  and  he  says  that  "the  female  probably  has 
pointed  wings,'"  which  proves  to  be  true.  I  have  drawn  up  the  follow- 
ing description  from  the  series  before  me. 

Expanse  of  wings,  25  to  33  mm.  in  the  males  ;  32  to  43  mm.  in  the  temales. 

Head,  palpi,  thorax  and  fore  wings,  ashy  gray,  but  tinged  with  ochreous  in  some 
specimens.  The  hind  wings  and  abdomen  are  of  the  same  color  as  the  fore  wings 
but  perhaps  a  shade  lighter  and  without  any  ochreous  tinge.  The  fringes  are  much 
lighter,  especially  those  of  the  hind  wings.  There  is  terminal  row  of  nine  bhick  or 
dark  brown  spots  which  rest  on  the  ends  of  the  veins  and  a  similar  row  of  dark  spots 
on  the  hind  wings,  all  of  which  are  visible  on  the  underside.  There  is  also  a  dark 
brown  spot  resting  on  the  lower  outer  angle  of  the  cell,  and  fresh  examples  show  a 
sprinkling  of  minute  brown  scales  over  the  upper  surface  of  the  fore  wings.  In  addi- 
tion to  the  above  markings,  some  ot  the  specimens  have  a  spot  of  the  same  color  on 
the  middle  of  the  base  of  the  wing,  one  on  the  upper  outer  angle  of  the  cell ;  two  on 
the  subcostal  vein  rather  nearer  to  each  other  than  to  the  base  or  end  of  the  cell ; 
three  on  the  fold,  one  near  the  base,  one  on  the  outer  third  and  one  rafher  within  the 
middle  of  the  fold  ;  two  on  vein  I,  the  first  on  the  middle  and  the  second  half  way 
between  this  and  the  anal  angle.  There  is  also  an  arcuate  row  of  eight  spots  resting 
on  the  veins  beyond  the  end  of  the  cell,  the  first  one  restmg  on  the  end  of  vein  9,  on 
the  costa  a  little  before  the  apex,  the  last  on  vein  2,  a  little  beyond  its  origin  where 
there  is  another  spot.  All  these  spots  are  of  the  same  color  but  a  little  larger  than 
the  terminal  points. 

The  underside  of  the  wings  and  body  as  well  as  the  legs  is  a  shade  lighter  than 
above,  and  the  whole  surface  of  the  insect  has  a  silky  lu-ter. 

S.   unipunctellus,   Robs.     Ann.  Ly.  N.  H.,  N.  Y.,   Vo  .  IX,  1870. 

Robinson's  description  is  a  follows  : 
"Palpi,  head  and  thorax  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  uniform  dark  fuscous  with  a 
large  prominent  black  dot  at  the  end  of  the  cell  on  the  middle.  Posterior  wings  and 
fringes  pure  white.  Abdomen  and  anal  tuft  white  or  very  pale  fuscous.  Expanse, 
20  mm.  Habitat,  Texas.  The  unilorm  dark  color  and  prominent  black  discal  dot 
readily  distinguish  this  species." 

Robinson's  three  types  which  I  now  have  before  me,  are  females  in 
rather  poor  condition.  I  have  two  females  and  several  males  from 
Florida  in  somewhat  better  condition  than  the  types  but  have  nothing 
to  add  to  the  above  description. 

S.  tripunctellus,  Robs. 

"Palpi,  head  and  thorax,  whitish  cinereous,  the  former  white  beneath.  Anterior 
wings  whitish  cinereous,  finely  powdered  with  pale  fuscous  scales.     On   the  told  at 


—137— 

basal  third  an  improminent  dark  dot,  a  similar  more  prominent  dot  on  the  middle  at 
the  end  of  the  disk,  and  a  third  below  it,  near  internal  margin.  Terminal  dots  dark 
fuscous,  minute.  Posterior  wings,  fringes  and  undersiirface  of  both  pairs  glossy 
white.     Abdomen  and  anal  tuft  white.     Expanse  22  mm.     Habitat,  Texas." 

Robinson  wrote  the  above  description  from  three  females  in  very- 
poor  condition.  I  now  have  three  males  from  Texas  before  me  with 
the  tyj)es  and  would  add  that  fresh  specimens  have  terminal  dots  on  all 
the  wings,  a  dot  on  the  fold  near  the  base,  another  on  the  outer  third 
of  the  median  vein  and  an  oblique  stripe  from  near  the  apex  down  to 
the  hind  margin  through  the  outer  dot  on  the  fold,  all  of  a  dark  brown 
color. 

S.  melinellus,  Clem. 

This  species  was  described  by  Clemens  in  the  Proceedings  of  the 
Academy  of  Natural  Science  of  Philadelphia  for  the  year  i860,  p.  205. 
The  following  is  his  brief  diagnosis  ; 

"Ochreous  yellow.  Fore  wings  with  a  pale  fuscous  streak  along  the  middle  of 
the  fold,  extended  nearly  to  the  tip,  and  a  faint  oblique  line  of  the  same  hue,  from  the 
tip,  not  extended  to  the  hind  margin.  Hind  wings  pale  yellowish  white.  Abdomen 
tufted." 

The  type  of  this  species  is  not  in  existence  and  was  probably  de- 
stroyed before  the  Clemens  collection  was  given  to  the  Am.  Ent.  Soc. 
Dr.  Clemens  does  not  say  whether  there  are  terminal  dots  or  not.  It 
may  ha\e  had  them,  since  in  the  same  paper  he  described  6".  longirostrel- 
lus  which  has  terminal  dots  and  he  did  not  mention  them.  His  type 
was  undoubtedly  a  female  since  he  mentiones  the  abdominal  tuft. 

Robinson  in  his  paper  in  the  Annals  of  the  Lyceum  of  Natural 
History  of  N.  Y.,  Vol.  IX,  1870,  described  what  he  believed  to  be 
melinellus  as  follows  :  "Palpi,  head  and  thorax  ochreous,  the  palpi  pale 
internally.  Anterior  wings  varying  from  pale  to  dark  ochreous,  shaded 
more  or  less  prominently  with  fuscous  above  the  middle  from  the  base 
to  the  apex.  A  dark  fuscous  dot,  sometimes  obsolete,  at  the  end  of  the 
cell,  and  a  more  or  less  prominent  oblique  streak  from  the  apex  to  the 
middle  of  the  wing.  There  are  no  terminal  dark  dots  before  the  ochreous 
fringes.  Posterior  wings  and  fringes  white  or  pale  yellowish  white. 
Expanse,  9  24  to  28  mm.  Habitat,  Penn.,  N.  Y.  This  species  agrees 
most  nearly  of  any  in  my  collection  with  Dr.  Clemens'  brief  description. " 

I  have  before  me  Robinson's  two  examples  from  which  he  wrote 
the  above  description  and  also  eight  other  examples  from  Mass.  and 
London,  Ontario.  Robinson  lays  stress  on  the  absence  of  terminal 
points  in  this  species,  but  in  some  of  the  specimens  before  me  there  are 
faint  indications  of  terminal  points,  and  in  fact  this  species  grades  so 
imperceptably  into  dispersellus  that  I  am  not  able  to  separate  them.  It 
is  impossible  to  say  which  of  these  forms  Clemens  made  his  description 


-138- 

from,  but  I  believe  it  to  have  been  from  one  of  them.  I  am  therefore 
disposed  to  regard  melinellus  and  disperselliis  as  varieties  of  the  same 
species. 

S.  dispersellus,  Robs. 

I  have  forty-seven  females  including  the  types,  and  three  males  of 
this  type  before  me.  I  was  disposed  to  think  at  first  that  1  had  several 
species  but  now  conclude  that  they  all  belong  to  one  very  variable 
species.  The  following  description  will  cover  the  varieties  before  me. 
Expanse  of  wings,  22  to  26  mm.  in  the  males  ;  25  to  38  mm.  in  the  females. 
Head,  palpi,  thorax  and  lorewings  testaceous  in  some  specmiens  and  tawny  in 
others,  more  or  less  sprinkled  with  minute  fuscDUS  scales  in  some.  A  dark  brown 
discal  dot  rests  on  the  lower  angle  of  the  cell  and  there  is  a  terminal  row  of  the  same 
color  scarcely  visible  in  some  of  the  specimens.  An  oblique  stripe  of  dark  brown  ex- 
tends from  near  the  apex  down  to  or  in  the  direction  of  a  dot  on  the  outer  thiid  of  the 
fold.  A  more  or  less  prominent  dark  brown  stripe  extends  from  the  base  of  the  wing 
along  the  cell  to  the  outer  margin  near  the  apex.  This  marking  has  every  degree  of 
prominence,  from  a  heavy  stripe  to  complete  obliteration.  In  some  specimens  the 
costal  portion  of  the  wing  above  this  stripe  is  yellowish  white,  much  lighter  than  the 
rest  of  the  wing.  This  variety  may  be  called  albicostelhis.  There  is  another  dark 
brown  dot  resting  on  the  fold  below  the  middle  of  the  cell. 

The  hind  wings  are  white,  somewhat  sordid  or  yellowish  in  some  of  the  speci- 
mens and  there  is  a  row  of  dark  points  quite  prominent  jn  some,  scarcely  visible  in 
others  and  entirely  wanting  in  others. 

The  abdomen  and  anal  tuft  are  white,  more  or  less  sordid.  The  underside  of  the 
hind  wings  is  of  the  same  color  as  above,  and  the  fore  wings  are  nearly  of  the  same 
color  and  showing  to  some  extent  the  markings  of  the  upperside. 

The  males  have  the  fore  wings  somewdiat  suffused  with  fuscous  and  tiie  terminal 
points  are  more  pronounced  on  both  the  fore  and  hind  wings. 
The  synonomy  will  be  as  follows: 
Schcenobius  melinellus. 

Chilo  melinellus,  Clem.     Proc.  Phil.  Ac.  Sc.  (1S60). 
SchcEuobiiis  meliiiellits,  Robs.     Lye.  N.  H.  of  N.  Y.   (1870). 
var.  dispersellus. 

Sc/twHobius  dispersellus,   Robs.     Lye.  N.  H.  of  N.  Y.    (1870). 
var.  albicostellus.  Fern. 

S.  clemensellus,  Robs. 

Robinson  gave  this  name  to  the  species  called  Chilo  aquilellus  by 
Clemens,  because  the  latter  name  was  pre-occupied,  and  states  that  he 
has  recognized  the  insect  and  therefore  appends  the  original  description 
which  is  as  follows  : 

"  Dark  fuscous.  Fore  wings  with  an  ochreous  streak  along  the  sub-median 
nervure  and  its  nervules,  and  those  beneath  likewise  touched  with  the  same  hue. 
Hind  wings  yellowish  fuscous." 

I  have  before  me,  belonging  to  the  collection  of  the  Am.  Ent.  Soc. , 
a  specimen  on  a  short  pin  with  a  small  label  marked  Chilo  n.  sp.  .?,  in 
Dr.  Clemens'  hand-writing:  and  also  a  lartj-e  label  in  Robinson's  hand- 


—139— 

writing  marked  Schcenobtus  ckmenscUiis  Rob.  It  is  evident  that  Robin- 
son founii  this  specimen  and  considered  it  the  Clemens  type  after  he 
luul  pubHshed  his  paper. 

1  have  four  male  examples  before  me  which  liavc  an  expanse  of 
wings  22  to  24  mm.  The  head,  palj)i,  thorax  and  fore  wings  are  of  the 
color  of  burnt  umber,  lighter  along  the  middle  of  the  thorax  and  hinder 
part  of  the  fore  wings.  There  is  a  minute  dark  brown  point  at  the  lower 
outer  angle  of  the  cell  and  the  terminal  points  are  of  the  same  color. 
The  surface  of  the  wing  is  s])rinkled  with  umber  colored  atoms  and 
there  is  an  obscure  oblique  dark  stripe  from  near  the  apex  not  reaching 
across  the  wing.  The  hind  wings  are  yellowish  white  with  minute 
terminal  dark  dots  in  two  of  the  specimens  but  wanting  in  the  type, 
underside  of  the  wing  lighter  than  above. 

While  I  am  disposed  to  believe  with  Robinson  that  this  is  the  type 
of  Clemens,  I  should  not  be  greatly  surprised  if  it  eventually  proved 
to  be  oiily  an  extreme  variety  of  S.  longirostreUiis,  Clem. 

S.  longirostrellus,  Clem. 

I  have  eleven  males  and  three  females  of  this  species  before  me,  in- 
cluding the  types  of  Clemens  and  the  material  that  Robinson  had  when 
he  made  his  studies  on  this  species.  I  also  have  four  specimens  of  the 
European  S.  forficellus,  to  which  it  is  closely  related. 

Expanse  of  wings,  22  to  24  mm.  in  the  males  ;  25  to  27  mm.  in  the  females. 

Head,  palpi  and  thorax  straw  yellow,  tinged  more  or  less  with  fuscous  on  the 
side.  Fore  wings  in  the  temale  straw  yellow,  sparsely  sprinkled  with  fuscous  dots  in 
one  specimen,  with  a  terminal  row  of  brown  dots,  a  similarly  colored  one  on  the  lower 
an:.^le  ot  the  cell,  one  on  the  outer  third  of  the  fold  and  another  on  the  fold  near  the 
middle  of  the  wing.  An  oblique  brown  stripe  extends  from  the  apex  down  to  the 
outer  spot  on  the  fold.  Fore  wings  in  the  male,  yellowish  white,  more  or  less  sparsely 
sprinkled  with  fuscous  atoms.  The  space  above  the  subcostal  vein  from  the  base  to 
the  outer  fourth  of  the  costa  is  more  or  less  tinged  with  fuscous.  There  are  three 
brown  dots  on  the  fold  :  one  near  the  base,  the  second  a  little  within  the  middle,  and 
the  third  on  the  outer  third  of  the  fold.  A  similar  dot  rests  on  the  lower  angle  of  the 
cell  al  the  outer  end  of  the  median  vein  and  in  some  specmiens  there  is  one  on  the 
upper  angle.  A  minute  brown  dot  rests  on  the  end  of  veins  i  to  9.  An  oblique  stripe 
of  the  same  color  extends  from  the  apex  to  the  dot  on  the  outer  third  of  the  fold  and 
there  is  sometimes  a  curved  shade  band  between  this  and  the  outer  margin.  An 
oblique  line  nearly  parallel  to  the  apical  stripe  extends  from  the  dot  near  the  middle 
of  the  fold  up  and  out  to  near  the  middle  of  the  cell  where  it  forms  an  acute  angle 
and  then  extends  obliquely  up  and  in  till  it  is  finally  lost  in  the  costal  shade. 

Hind  wings  cream  white  and  without  markings  in  the  females  but  with  a  terminal 
row  of  dark  points  in  the  males  and  in  one  specimen  there  are  two  faint,  parallel 
fuscous  bands  from  the  costa  just  within  the  apex,  which  do  not  reach  beyond  vein  2. 
Underside  of  the  wings  pale  fuscous  with  the  terminal  points  repeated. 

I  can  find  no  constant  differences  between  this  species  and  the 
European yb;y?c^///«,  in  the  material  before  me,  and  believe  they  will 
yet  prove  to  be  identical. 

Perstrialis,  Hiib.  =  ?nacri?teUus,  Zell. ,  and  opalescalis,  Hulst,  do 
not  belong  to  this  genus. 


— 140 — 

A   GENERIC   SYNOPSIS    OF   THE   CICADIDiE. 

By  Wm.    H.   Ashmead. 


Family  I.     CICADID/E. 

Head  usually  short  and  broad,  somewhat  triangular,  the  front  convex.  Ocelli  3 
on  the  disk  of  the  vertex.  Thorax  large,  broad.  Scutelluni  moderate.  Wings  long, 
vitreous  or  opaque,  with  sixteen  cells  or  areas,  or  with  numerous  irregular  net-like 
meshes.  Tegulre  present.  Anterior  coxae  oblong,  prismatic,  inserted  in  the  anterior 
angle  of  the  prostethium  ;  middle  and  posterior  coxre  shorter,  sub-conic,  sub-contigu- 
ous, not  reaching  the  sternum.  Anterior  femora  thickened,  toothed  beneath.  Tiliia? 
cylindric.  Tarsi  two  or  three  jointed  ;  no  pulvilli  between  the  claws.  Males  with  a 
pair  of  stridulating  organs  at  the  base  of  the  abdomen,  called  drums  or  tympana; 
consisting  of  cavities,  more  or  less  completely  covered  with  parchment-like  lids, 
termed  the  opercules. 

Following  Amyot  et  Serville,  the  family  may  be  divided  into  three 
subfamilies  of  nearly  equal  value  as  follows  : 

TABLE    OF  SUBFAMILIES. 

Fore  wings  having  but  sixteen  cells  or  areas. 

Elytra  entirely  membranous Subfamily  I.     CICADINiE. 

Elytra  more  or  less  coriaceous  or  opaque Subfamily  II.     TOSENIN^E. 

Fore  wings  having  their  posterior  half  composed  of  a  net-work  of  hexagonal  meshes, 
numerous  and  irregular Subfamily  III.     POLYNEURINiE. 

Of  these  subfamilies,  the  last  two  are  apparently  strictly  tropical 
forms,  neither  being  represented  in  the  European  or  North  American 
faunas. 

Subfamily  I.     CICADIN.®. 

This  group  is  an  extensive  one  and  species  have  been  described  in 
it  from  all  parts  of  the  world.  Many  species  have  already  been  de- 
scribed from  our  fauna,  and  others  yet  remain  undescribed. 

The  following  table  compiled  principally  from  the  writings  of 
Amyot  et  Serville,  Fieber,  Stal,  and  Uhler,  comprises  the  genera  found 
in  Europe  and  North  America,  and  will,  it  is  hoped,  enable  the  student 
to  readily  recognize  them. 

TABLE   OF  GENERA. 

Prothorax  not  dilated  at  sides 2. 

Prothorax  dilated  at  sides. 

Lateral  dilation  of  the  prothorax  angulated. 

Ulnar  veins  contiguous  at  base  ;  interior  ulnar  area  narrowed  posteriorly 

G.  I.    Zammara,  A.  et  S. 
Ulnar  veins  somewhat  distant  at  base  ;  the  lateral  margins  of  the  interior  ulnar 

areas  parallel G.  2.     OdopcEa,  Strel, 

Lateral  dilations  of  the  prolhurax  rounded. 
Meta.-.ier,.uu.  eL-\auil. 


—141  — 

Mesosternum  short,  transversely  broadened,  lozenye-slinped  ;  roitruni  ex- 
tending to  the  middle  of  the  mesosternum  ;  anterior  femora  with  3  teeth 
beneath ti.  3-    Triglena,  Ficber. 

Mesosternum  broadly  triany;ular,  convex  with  a  short  and  feeble  apical 
groove  ;  rostrum  extending   to   first   ventral  segment  ;  anterior  femora 

with  2  teeth  beneath G.  4.     Tettigia,   Kolhir. 

Meta>tei  num  not  elevated. 

Head  broad,  short ;  body  hairy G.  5.    Tettigades,   A.  et  S. 

2  Mesothorax  not  semilunately  hollowed  out  posteriorly 3- 

Mesothorax  semilunately  hollowed  out  posteriorly. 

Metasternum  transversely  elevated,  the  elevated  part  longitudinally  impressed, 

slightly  produced  anteriorly,  the  same  truncate  or  sinuate 

G.  6.     Fidicina,  A.  et  S. 

3  Pronotum  a  parallelogram "• 

Pronotum  trap.^zoidal, 

Mesosternum  flattened,  sometimes  slightly  transversely   convex  behind  without  a 

groove 4- 

Mesosternum  convex  with  a  groove. 

Costal  and  radial  veins  toward  apex  contiguous,    apical   appendage  of  wings 

moderate.     Ocelli  remote  from  base  of  head  ;  drums  all  uncovered    

G.  7.     Tibicens,  Latreille. 

4  Clypeus  at  apex  truncate  or  subsinuately  truncate 5- 

Clypeus  at  apex  acuminate. 

Lateral  margins  ol  thorax  distinct :  last  ventral  segment  in  O  not  or  only  slightly 
emarginate  ni  the  middle G,  8.    Tympanoterpes,  Sttel. 

Lateral  margins  of  thorax  not  distinct.  Transverse  vein  closing  the  second  apical 
cell  not  or  scarcely  oblique;  costal  margin  of  wing  before  the  middle  nearly 

straight  or  very  slightly  rounded.     Front  somewhat  prominent 

G,  9.     Proarno,  St;T;l. 

5  Tympanum  present, 

Anteri-or  femora  with  2  large  teeth  and  a  minute  one  at  the  extremity  ;  rostram 
extends  only  to  the  extremity  ot  the  mesosternum  ;  q'  opercules  moderately 

large,  hiding  the  mesosternum G,  10.     Cicada,   Linn. 

Anterior  femora  with  3  teeth  beneath  ;  rostrum  extends  only  to  the  middle  of  the 

mesosternum  ;  rf  opercules  semioval  or  broadly  triangular 

G.  II.    Cicadatra,  A.etS. 
Tympanum  wanting  or  rudimentary. 

Elytra  with  S  apical  cells G,  12,     Melampsalta,  Kollar. 

Elytra  with  6  apical  cells. 

Ulnar  veins  separate  at  base G.  13.     Platypedia,  Uhler. 

Ulnar  veins  united  at  base G.  14.    Carinata,  A.  et  S. 

Elytra  with  5  apical  cells G.  15.     Calyria,  Stael. 

Elytra  with  4  apical  cells G.  16.     Prunasis,  Stael. 

6  Margins  of  pronotum  joined  to  the  sides  in  a  prominent  lobe. 

Anterior  femora  with  3  teeth  beneath,  rj^  opercules  abortive 

G.  17.    Cicadetta,  A.  et  S. 

7  Head  small,  forming  a  very  acute  angle,   much  narrower  than   the  prothorax,  the 

median  lobe  prolonged  into  a  long  point  in  front  of  the  lateral  lobes,     rf  oper- 
cules small,  not  entirely  covering  the  sonorous  cavities 

G.  18.    Cephaloxys,  Signoret. 


142— 

The    Determination    of   Hesperidas. 

By  Eugene  jM.    Aaron. 


It  is  with  much  pleasure  that  I  have  read  the  first  instalment  of 
i\Ir.  f.  R  Smith's  novel  ami  very  instructive  address  to  the  Entom.  Club 
of  the  A.  A.  A.  S.  The  younger  students,  as  well  as  some  of  us  who 
have  been  in  the  tield  for  some  years,  owe  Mr.  Smith  a  vote  of  thanks 
for  the  address,  showing,  as  it  does  so  clearly,  where  we  can  find  willing 
specialists  with  capable  collections  to  whom  we  can  refer  our  unde- 
termined specimens. 

On  page  109  Mr.  Smith  speaks  as  follows  of  my  own  collection  : 

'' In  the  hmlly  //espen'dcp  of  the  Rhopalocera,  the  collection  of 
Mr.  Eugene  M.  Aaron  of  Philadelphia  is  excellent.  Mr.  Aaron  has 
spent  much  time  antl  money  to  complete  his  collection  in  this  family  : 
but  owing  to  his  numerous  business  engagements  cannot  unfortunately 
devote  much  time  to  his  collection  at  present,  and  cannot  do  much  for 
seekers  0/' in/ori?ia/iun  in  this  faniih'." 

The  italics  are  mine  ;  and  it  is  of  the  accuracy  of  the  statement 
contained  in  this  last  clause  of  which  1  wish  to  write.  When  it  was 
penned  by  W\.  Smith  it  was  an  exact  statement  of  the  facts  of  the  case 
as  they  have  existed  for  the  past  three  years.  Fortunately  for  my  peace 
of  mind,  for  my  collections  have  been  at  all  times  in  my  thoughts,  I 
have  been  able  to  make  business  arrangements  during  the  past  summ.M- 
which  will  give  me  for  the  six  months  to  come,  a  considerable 
amount  of  time  to  give  to  tlie  study  of  the  HesperiJw  and  to  ,the  e.yam- 
ination  and  determination  of  material  from  collectors  of  this  puzzling 
familv. 

I  have  explained  elsewhere  (Papilio,  Vol.  IV,  p.  171)  the  methods 
adopted  by  me  in  1880  for  the  determination  of  all  Hespcrida;,  and  in 
fact  all  Rhopalocera  from  America  north  of  the  Isthmus  of  Panama. 
These  methods  are  still  pursued  l)y  me,  and  at  this  writing,  my  Ed- 
wards" and  Kirby's  Catalogues  are  complete  so  far  as  it  is  possible  to 
make  them  from  the  Zoological  Records  and  from  the  unequaled  libraries 
of  the  American  Entomological  Society  and  The  Academy  of  Natural 
Sciences  of  Philadelphia.  In  print  or  in  ]\IS.  copy  I  have  the  original 
description  of  every  species  of  the  Rhopalocera  in  America  north  of 
Mexico,  and  in  the  HcsperidLe  north  of  the  Isthmus.  For  ready  refer- 
ence I  have  had  the  leading  writings  of  Hiibner,  (je}er,  Felder,  La 
Sagra,  Boisduval,  Herrick-Schaffer,  Poey,  Speyer,  Mabille,  Oberthiir, 
Staudinger,  et  al.,  carefully  translated  into  English  and  these  INISS. 
brought  together  in  a  bound  form  and  copiously  indexed.      All  corre- 


—143— 

spondence  from  specialists  and  MS.  information  relative  to  habits  and 
geographical  distribution  arc  also  gathered  together  in  this  manner  and 
indexed. 

Many  of  the  more  obscure  species  have  the  labels  of  determination 
affixed  by  such  students  or  collectors  as  Edwards,  Slrecker,  Morrison, 
et  al. ,  and  in  the  HesperidiB  a  majority  of  the  species  are  represented  by 
series  of  from  12  to  50  or  more  specimens.  In  this  family  only  the 
genus  Pamphila  has  more  than  one  absentee  in  the  collection.  Begin- 
ningwith  the  genus  Amblysciries,  as  arranged  in  Edward's  Catalogue  of 
1884,  Eudamus  Electra,  Lintn.,  and  Erycides  Sanquinea,  Scud.,  are  the 
only  missing  species.  In  the, four  genera  preceeding  Pamphila  all  the 
sj)ecies  are  represented.  In  the  Lyccenidce  and  Eiyanidce,  catalogued 
as  above,  the  collection  is  nearly  as  full  ;  the  latter  family  is  complete. 
These  data  are  given  to  illustrate  the  working  condition  and  my  literary 
material. 

If  anything  in  the  above  shall  encourage  any  collector  with  material, 
the  determination  of  which  is  not  satisfactory  to  him,  to  entrust  me 
therewith  for  the  purp)oses  of  identification  and  study  I  shall  be  amply 
repaid  by  the  benefits  of  the  latter  and  shall  do  my  best  to  see  that  he 
is  promptly  benefited  by  the  former. 


Book  Notice. 


"Insect  Life,  Vol.  I,  No.  i.  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Entomology.  Periodical  Bulletin, 
July,  i888.  Devoted  to  the  econon'iy  and  life  habits  of  Insects,  especially  in  their 
relations  to  Agriculture,  and  edited  by  the  Entomologist  and  his  Assistants,  with 
tliL-  sanction  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture.     Washington,  D.  C." 

l"he  above  pretty  fully  ex})lains  the  prospectus  of  a  new  Journal 
devoted  to  Entomology  and  issued  by  the  Entomological  Department 
at  Washington.  Under  the  personal  supervision  of  Dr.  Riley  it  cannot 
fail  to  be  well  edited  ;  and  giving  more  or  less  the  details  of  the  De- 
partment experiments  and  researches,  it  cannot  fail  to  be  of  great  and 
lasting  value. 

^^'e  have  only  one  exception  to  note.  Having  the  name  "Insect 
Life"  given  it,  an  impression  might  be  given  that  it  is  to  be  a  scientific 
Journal  in  the  ordinary  sense  of  the  term,  and  not  what  it  professes  and 
aims  to  be  a  "periodical  Bulletin";  this  im})ression  is  strengthened  by 
the  fact  that  in  the  very  first  number  there  are  given  descriptions  of  new 
species  of  insects  w'hose  types  are  entirely  out  of  the  possession  of  the 


—144— 

Government  and  of  no  economic  importance;  moreover  it  has  become 
a  rule  almost  universally  recognized  and  regarded  that  no  original  de- 
scription should  be  made  save  in  a  standard  scientific  publication,  and 
the  existence  of  these  descriptions  at  once  seems  to  carry  "Insect  Life' 
beyond  its  prospectus  and  professed  aims. 

At  the  same  time  we  would  be  glad  if  this  could  be  carried  out  and 
made  a  continuance  and  in  this  way  be  the  beginning  of  a  new  departure 
on  the  part  of  our  Government,  that  thus  our  country  might  become  an 
aid  much  more  than  she  has  been  to  systematic  Science.  Under  those 
at  present  connected  with  the  Division  of  Entomology  the  new  Journal 
would  be  of  permanent  S3-stematic,  as  it  cannot  fail  to  be  of  permanent 
and  great  economic  value. 

The  numbers  would  in  our  opinion  be  in  better  shape  if  the  custom 
of  the  close  cutting  of  margins  prevalent  in  the  Government  printing 
office  were  remedied.  There  is  hardly  room  left  for  recutting  after 
binding. 

The  work  is,  we  believe,  issued  gratuitously  by  the  Government, 
and  as  such  publications  ought  to  go,  as  far  as  possible,  to  those  most 
interested  and  most  to  be  benefitted,  and  as  this  is  the  desire  and  aim 
of  the  Department,  we  advise  our  readers  to  make  the  proper  application 
which  will  bring  them  the  Journal  as  it  is  issued.  G.  D.  H. 


Publications  Received. 


Prairie  Farmer,     June,  July  and  August. 

Bulletin  Acad.   Nat.   Sci.  Cordoba  Arg.   Rep.  S.  A.     Vol.  X,  pt.  2. 

Annals  Ento.  Soc.   of  France.      1887. 

Annals  Nat.  Mus.  Costa  Rica.     Vol.  I,   1S87. 

Naturae  novitates.     Nos.    11-15. 

Bulletin  Ento.  Soc.  Belgium.     June,  July  and  August. 

Deutsche  Ento.  Zeitschrift.     1888. 

Journal  Nat.  Hist.  Soc.  Wurtemburg.     1888. 

Archives  Nat.  Mus.  Rio  Janeiro.     Vol.  VII,   1887. 

l8th  Ann.  Rep.  Ento.  Soc.  Ontario-     1887. 

Can.  Naturalist.     No.  619,  Vol.  XX. 

Le  Naturaliste  Canadien.     June  and  July,   1888. 

West  American  Scientist.     No.  3,   1888. 

Journal  N.  Y.  Micros.  Soc.     Vol.  IV,  No.  3. 

"         Cincinnati  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.     Vol,  II,  No.   i. 
Trans.  Conn.  Acad.  Arts  and  Sciences.     Vol.  VII,  pt.  2. 
Annual  Rep.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.     1887-8. 
Bulletin  Ohio  Agr.  Exper.  Station.     Nos.  3-4. 
Psyche.     Vol.  V,  Nos.   145-148. 


HTOROGlt 


¥0L.  lY.         BROOKLYM,  NOVEMBER,  1888, 


NO.  8, 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  CLUB 
OF  THE  A.  A.  A.  S. 


{Continued  from  page   134.3 


Thursday,  i  p.  m. — Club  met  as  per  adjournment  and  tlie  minutes 
of  previous  meetings  were  read  and  approved. 

Mr.  L.  O.  Howard  and  Dn  D.  S.  Kellicott  were  appointed  a  Com- 
mittee to  arrange  programs  for  the  meetings  to  be  held  during  the  week. 

In  the  discussion  of  the  President's  Address  Prof.  Osborn  mentioned 
the  Putnam  collection  in  the  Davenport  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences, 
Davenport,  Iowa,  as  containing  the  material  in  Cocddce  and  Solpugidce, 
worked  by  Mr.  J.  Duncan  Putnam,  as  also  his  collections  in  Utah, 
Montana,  Idaho,  etc, 

Mr.  Howard  remarked  upon  the  material  used  by  Dr.  Hagen  for 
bottoms  of  cases  as  being  Italian  Poplar,  imported  for  the  purpose, 

Mr.  Fletcher  spoke  of  the  use  of  Basswood  for  the  same  purpose. 

Dr.  Riley  remarked   upon  the  cases  used  in  European  collections. 

At  the  request  of  the  President,  Mr.  James  Fletcher  made  some  re- 
marks upon  Canadian  collections.  Of  those  available  for  reference  by 
students  he  spoke  particularly  of  the  collection  of  the  National  Museum 
of  the  Geological  Survey  at  Ottawa.  The  nucleus  of  this  was  a  large 
collection,  chiefly  exotic  diurnal  Lepidoptera,  purchased  from  Mr. 
Gamble  Geddes.  To  this  however  had  been  added  many  valuable  col- 
lections made  by  the  members  of  the  Survey  staff,  notably  by  Prof.  J. 
Macoun  and  Messrs.  G.  M.  Dawson,  Tyrrell  &  Dowling,  and  J,  M. 
Macoun.  It  contained  about  10,000  specimens  and  some  types.  He 
also  spoke  of  the  collection  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Ontario, 
which  he  characterized  as  a  good  working  general  collection,  containing 


— 146 — 

specimens  in  all  Drders.  Great  pains  had  been  taken  to  have  the  identi- 
fications verified.  Many  valuable  additions  had  been  lately  made  by 
members  of  the  Society. 

Speaking  of  "types'  or  rare  species,  Mr.  Fletcher  spoke  very 
sirongly  in  favor  of  their  being  deposited  for  safe-keeping  in  Public 
Museums,  where  they  might  not  only  be  preserved  from  destruction  but 
would  be  accessible  for  examination  by  students.  It  was  well  that  now 
Entomologists  had  both  in  the  National  Museums',  at  Washington  and 
at  Ottawa,  depositories  where  rarities  might  be  thus  preserved  from 
loss. 

He  further  asked  for  opinions  from  those  present  as  to  the  technical 
meaning  of  the  word  "type;"  his  own  view  was  that  nothing  should  be 
labelled  "  type''  even  by  the  describer  of  a  new  species,  except  the  actual 
specimens  before  him  at  the  time  of  drawing  up  the  description,  and  if 
there  were  more  than  one  specimen  each  should  be  carefully  labelled  at 
the  time,  with  a  consecutive  number.  He  suggested  that  the  number 
of  specimens  used  might  also  be  given  beneath  this  consecutive  number. 
Example — If  a  species  had  been  described  from  3  specimens  these  would 
be  labelled  :  Type  No.  ^,  Type  No.  |,  Type  No.  f.  He  was  of  the 
opinion  that  if  a  describer  subsequently  distributed  other  material,  even 
although  he  considered  it  quite  typical  of  his  species,  he  was  not  justified 
in  labelling  it  "Type,"  but  it  might  be  labelled  "Typical."  He  had 
received  from  one  author  a  specimen  marked  as  "type  "  of  a  species  de- 
scribed some  years  before,  which  turned  out  not  even  to  belong  to  that 
species  at  all,  but  was  a  specimen  wrongly  named  from  memory  and 
without  even  examination  of  the  original  material. 

Mr.  Howard  expressed  his  agreement  with  Mr.  Fletcher  in  the 
matter  of  types. 

Dr.  Riley  expressed  as  his  opinion  that  specimens  determined  by 
the  author  as  identical  with  original  specimens  which  served  as  basis 
for  description  or  as  representative  of  the  species  might  also  be  con- 
sidered as  typical,  but  not  as  the  original  types  of  the  species. 

Prof  Webster  thought  types  should  be  deposited  in  Public  Institu- 
tions or  Collections  as  a  guard  against  loss  of  correct  specimens.  He 
urged  also  the  importance  of  examining  amateur  collections  where  rare 
species  may  sometimes  be  buried  under  common  names. 

Mr.  Smith  would  consider  no  specimens  that  were  after  determina- 
tions, even  by  the  author,  as  types. 

Mr.  Osborn  preferred  to  indicate  a  difference  between  specimens 
determined  as  typical  of  a  species  and  those  which  served  as  the  basis 
for  the  original  description  and  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  the  spe- 
cimen first  described   often  proved  to  be  not  representative  of  the  spe- 


—  147  — 

cies  when  a  greater  amount  of  material  had  been  gathered.    In  such  case 
the  later  specimens  were  the  safer  guides  for  comparison. 

Mr.  Smith  instanced  as  illustrating  this  point  the  descriptions  of 
Arciia  anna,  Grote,  and  persephone,  of  the  same  author,  the  former 
species  proving  to  be  simply  an  aberrant  form  o^ persephone. 

Herbert  Osborn  presented  notes  on  the  origin  of  the  wing  in  Aicu- 
rodes,  and  exhibited  slides  to  illustrate  the  points  observed.  *' Slight 
pressure  upon  fresh  adults  of  Aleurodes  causes  the  protrusion  of  pleural 
folds  upon  the  pruthorax  and  the  abdominal  segments.  These  pro- 
trusions agree  precisely  in  outline  and  position  with  the  ex[)anded 
pleural  portions  of  the  same  parts  as  seen  in  prepupal  and  pupal  stages. 
Specimens  in  different  stages  of  development  show  a  modification  of 
this  pleural  portion  in  meso-  and  meta-thorax  during  prepupal  and 
pupal  stages  to  form  more  contracted,  denser  and  darker  colored  parts 
from  which  the  wings  of  imago  are  produced.  The  pleural  expansions 
of  prothorax  and  abdomen  are  simply  contracted  to  conform  to  the 
outline  of  the  body  when  the  imago  issues  from  the  scal^,  but  are  readi  y 
extended  by  pressure.  No  such  protrusit)ns  occurring  on  the  meso- 
and  meta-thorax  would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  portion  thus  extended 
on  the  other  segments  has  in  these  been  transformed  into  the  sack-like 
expansion  of  wings. "' 

The  time  for  the  convening  of  section  "F' having  arrived  it  was 
decided  hj  motion  that  the  Club  should  meet  again  immediately  after 
adjournment  of  the  section  and  also  at  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  and 
after  adjournment  of  section  "F"  in  the  afternoon  of  the  followuig  day. 

The  Club  reconvened  at  3:30  and  a  paper  by  Clarence  M.  Weed 
on  the  parasites  of  the  honey-suckle  Sphinx,  Hemaris  dijffinis,  Boisd, , 
was  read  by  the  Secretary. 

On  the  Parasites  of  the  Honey-Suckle  Sphinx,    Hemaris  diffinis,  Boisd. 
By  Clarence  M.   Weed. 

Last  August  my  attention  was  called  to  a  parasitic  attack  upon  the 
lar\'3e  of  Hemaris  diffinis  which  were  then  abundant  upon  the  bush 
honey-suckle  ( Diervilla  irifida )  on  the  grounds  of  the  University  of 
Illinois;  and  a  large  number  of  the  larvae  were  collected  and  the  para- 
sites bred.  So  far  as  I  am  able  to  learn  from  an  examination  of  the 
Uterature  at  hand  no  parasites  of  this  Sphinx  have  as  yet  been  recorded. 

The  insects  engaged  in  the  attack  belonged  to  three  different  spe- 
cies— two  being  primary  parasites  and  the  third  a  secondary  parasite. 
The  first  two  were  Rhogas  fiimipcnuis,  Cresson,  and  an  apparently  un- 
described  variety  o^ Apanteles  limettilidis,  Riley;  while  the  third,  which 
attacks  the  Apanteles  is  a  species  of  Hemiteles,  probably  undescribed. 


— 14»— 

Rhogas  fumipennis.  Cresson. 

This  insect  was  described  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  Vol.  II,  p.  378) 
in  1869  by  Mr.  E.  T.  Cresson  from  a  specimen  (9)  collected  in  Illi- 
nois, and  I  believe,  has  not  since  been  especially  mentioned  in  our 
literature,  so  that  its  host  is  now  first  reported. 

The  only  other  North  American  species  of  Rhogas  whose  life- 
histories  have  been  observed  so  far  as  known  to  me  are  [i]  the  par- 
<;5///c«5  of  Norton  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  Vol.  II,  p.  327),  and  [2]  the 
ri/eyi  of  Cresson  (Ibid,  p.  383).  The  former  was  bred  from  Lophvrus 
abietis,  Harr.,  by  its  describer  ;  and  the  latter  from  Acronycia  oblinita, 
Sm.  &  Abb.,  by  Dr.  Riley  (Third  Kept.  St.  Ent.  Mo.,  p.  71).  The 
breeding  of  a  Rhogas  from  a  tenthredinid  is  exceptional,  and  though  it 
has  twice  been  reported  in  Europe, — once  by  S.  V.  Vollenhoven,  who 
bred  R.  drcumscripitis,  Nees,  from  a  Lophyrus  cocoon,  and  again  by 
Brischke,  who  mentions  the  breeding  of  a  Rhogas  from  a  Nematus  co- 
coon,— the  fact  Jias  commonly  been  discredited  by  European  Entomo- 
logists (Marshall,  Monogi'aph  of  Brit.  Braconidae,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc. 
Lond.,  1885,  Pt.  I,  p.  87).  This  additional  testimony  however  by  so 
reliable  an  observer  as  Norton  renders  it  almost  certain  that  some  spe- 
cies attack  Hymenopterous  larvae. 

But  the  normal  habit  of  this  interesting  genus  is  to  attack  young 
Lepidopterous  larvce  and  kill  them  before  they  are  ready  to  become 
pupEe.  Marshall  remarks:  "The  insects  of  this  genus  manifest  a 
peculiar  economy.  They  are  solitary  parasites  of  young  lepidopterous 
larvse,  the  bodies  of  which  they  do  quit  at  the  time  of  pupation,  but 
make  their  cocoons  inside  protected  by  the  indurated  skins  of  their 
victims.  The  perfect  Rhogas  ultimately  escapes  through  a  hole  bored 
in  the  posterior  dorsal  segments  of  the  caterpillar."  And  Dr.  Riley  says 
that  R.  rileyi  causes  "the  larva  of  the  Smeared  Dagger  to  die  when 
about  full  grown,  and  its  contracted  and  hardened  skin,  which  may 
often  be  seen  during  the  winter  with  its  head  attached  fastened  to  the 
twigs  of  apple  and  willow  trees,  forms  a  snug  little  house,  where  the 
parasite  undergoes  its  transformations,  and  through  which  it  gnaws  a 
round  hole  to  escape  the  latter  part  of  April." 

The  habits  of  Rhogas  fu7nipennis  correspond  very  well  with  those 
of  the  species  just  mentioned.  The  dead  Hemaris  larvae  may  be  found 
attached  to  the  twigs  of  their  host  plant  greatly  shriveled,  and  with  the 
skin  hard  and  dry.  Inside  of  this  is  the  Rhogas  pupa,  and  when  the 
insect  is  ready  to  emerge  it  gnaws  a  circular  opening,  about  two  mm. 
in  diameter,  in  the  posterior  dorsal  segments  and  comes  forth.  I  judge 
that  the  time  spent  in  the  pupa  state  is  about  a  fortnight.   Our  specimens 


— 149— 

were  collected  during  the  latter  part  of  August,  and  the  adults  emerged 
early  in  September. 

Apanteles  limenitidis,  Riley,  var. 

On  the  under  surface  of  the  leaves  infested  by  the  Hemaris  larvae, 
there  were  frequently  found  solitary  yellow  cocoons,  which  were  at  once 
recognized  as  belonging  to  some  of  the  Microgasterince.  From  numer- 
ous specimens  collected  there  emerged  early  in  September  two  speci- 
mens of  an  Apan/eles,  and  ten  specimens  of  a  Hemiteles.  The  former 
approach  nearly  to  A.  Imienitides,  bred  by  Dr.  Riley  from  Lwienitis 
disippus,  (Third  Rept.  St.  Ent.  Mo.,  p.  158),  differing  principally  in 
the  color  of  the  posterior  femora,  which  are  reddish  with  black  tips, 
while  in  typical  liinenitidis  they  are  wholly  black.  The  cocoons  in  shape, 
color  and  position  are  apparently  similar  in  the  two  forms. 

The  secondary  parasite  is,  as  I  have  already  stated,  an  apparently 
undescribed  Hemiteles,  but  I  prefer  to  wait  until  the  genus  can  be  more 
thoroughly  worked  up  before  speaking  of  it  definitely. 


A  second  paper  by  Mr.  Weed  on  the  Hymenopterous  parasites  of 
the  strawberry  leaf-roller  Phoxopteris  cotnptana,  FroL,  was  read  by 
Mr.  Howard. 

On  the  Hymenopterous  Parasites  of  the  Strawberry  Leaf-Roller 

PHOXOPTERIS    COMPTANA,    Frol. 

By  Clarence  M.   Weed. 

So  far  as  I  can  learn  the  only  positive  record*  of  a  parasite  attacking 
the  common  strawberry  leaf-roller  {Phoxopteris  comptana,  Frol.)  to  be 
found  in  American  literature  occurs  on  page  97  of  the  Report  of  the 
Michigan  State  Horticultural  Society,  where,  in  an  article  concerning 
this  insect.  Professor  A.  J.  Cook  wTites  : 

"There  is  an  Ichneumon  fly  that  is  very  abundant  in  Michigan, 
which  preys  upon  this  leaf-roller.  I  think  it  is  undescribed.  It  cer- 
tainly is  not  referred  to  as  a  destroyer  of  the  leaf-roller.  I  have  not  ac- 
cess to  Cressons  description  of  the  genus  Eiphosoma,  but  from  the  very 
short  description,  and  figure,  given  by  Packard,  this  species  would  seem 
to  belong  to  that  ^enus." 


*  The  only  other  mention  of  possible  parasitism  upon  this  species  I  have  met 
with  is  by  Professor  S.  A.  Forbes,  who  writes  :  "  *  *  *  from  a  breeding  cage  contain- 
ing larvae  of  this  and  another  leaf-roller  {Cacacia  obsoletana)  ***  I  obtained  last 
July  specimens  of  a  hymenopterous  parasite  belonging  to  the  genus  Bracon.  Un- 
fortunately, however,  it  is  impossible  to  tell  from  which  of  these  species  this  parasite 
was  bred."— Thirteenth  Rept.  St.  Ent.  111.,  p.  92. 


— 150— 

"This  species  is  black,  with  legs,  ventral  surface  of  abdomen,  ring 
about  the  eyes,  and  base  of  the  wings  yellow.  The  antennae  are  4  mm. 
long,  the  wings  about  3  mm.  The  ovipositor  is  black  and  about  as 
long  as  the  wings.     The  thorax  and  abdomen  are  finely  punctured." 

In  working  over  the  Ichneumonidce  in  the  Laboratory  collection  I 
found  many  examples  of  a  species  oi  Cremastiis  which  had  been  bred  from 
Phoxopieris  comptana.  I  was  at  first  disposed  to  refer  them  to  C.  piceus, 
Cresson,  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  .Vol.  IV,  p.  176),  but  on  sending  a 
specimen  to  Mr.  Cresson  for  comparison  with  the  type,  was  kmdly  in- 
formed that  it  diffeied  materially  from  this  species,  and  in  fact  from 
everything  else  in  the  collection  of  the  American  Entomological  Society. 
I  had  seen  the  Michigan  species  and  from  my  recollection  of  it  togeiher 
with  the  above  description,  surmised  that  it  was  the  same  as  ours,  and 
on  comparing  a  specimen,  kindly  submitted  to  me  by  Prof  Cook,  found 
my  surmise  to  be  correct. 

Besides  this  Cremasius  we  have  bred  from  P.  comptana  a  single  spe- 
cimen of  a  very  well  marked  species  of  Glypia  which  is  also  apparently 
undescribed.  The  first  mentioned  species  is  described  below  under  the 
name  Cremashis  cookii,  the  specific  name  being  given  in  honor  of  the 
gentleman  who  first  called  attention  to  the  insect ;  and  the  second  is 
treated  of  as  Glypta  phoxup/eriJis,  being  so  called  because  of  the  insect  it 
infests. 

Cremastus  cookii,  sp.  n. 

The  North  American  species  of  Cre??iasftis  have  as  yet  received  little 
attendon.  Eight  species  are  recognized  by  Cresson  in  his  Synopsis  of  the 
Hymenoptera  (pp.  204,  328),  five  of  which  were  described  by  Provancher 
from  field  specimens  ;  two  by  Mr.  Cresson;  one  (61  retinice)  having  been 
bred  from  Retinia  rigidana,  Fernald,  and  the  other  {C.  piceus)  collected 
in  the  field  ;  and  one  (C.  forbesi)  by  myself,  it  having  been  bred  from 
Teras  ?nimiia,  Robinson.  Hence  it  appears  that  but  two  of  the  eight 
American  species  now  known  have  had  their  hosts  recorded. 

A  lot  of  leaf-roller  larva:;  were  collected  on  blackberry  at  Anna,  111., 
June  6,  1884.  Transferred  to  breeding  cages  at  Normal  tnree  of  the 
parasites  emerged  June  28,  two  more  July  i,  and  one  more  July  3.  The 
moths  {P.  coinptana)  began  emerging  June  21  and  continued  to  appear 
until  July  i.     Both  sexes  of  the  parasites  were  represented. 

Another  lot  of  the  same  Tortricid  collected  on  raspberry  at  the  same 
time  and  place  yielded  two  specimens  {(^ (^)  of  the  parasite,  differing 
somewhat  in  the  color  of  the  face  from  the  others,  which  are  treated  of 
below  as  variety  rufiis. 


—151  — 

From  larvae  of  this  leaf-roller  collected  on  strawberry  at  Villa  Ridge, 
April  4,  1883,  a  (^  Cremaslus  was  bred  April  21,  and  a  9  of  the  same 
species  appeared  May  5.  Another  specimen  was  bred  in  August,  1883, 
from  Phoxopteris  larvae  taken  at  Anna. 

Besides  these  bred  specimens  this  parasite  has  been  taken  by  sweep- 
ing in  strawberry  fields  at  Normal  during  May  and  June,  1883  ;  and  at 
Urbana  during  July,   1885. 

Description. — The  imago  may  be  described  as  follows  : 
Len>,'th  6  to  7  mm.  9-  Black  ;  clypeus,  mandibles,  maxillEc,  palpi  and  upper 
two-thirds  of  eye-orbits,  yellow.  Antennae  almost  as  long  as  body,  piceous,  yellowish 
brown  beneath  near  base.  Face  punctate.  Metathorax,  including  scutellum,  shm- 
ing,  punctate.  Metathorax  with  the  elevated  lines  well  developed,  and  posterior 
portion  of  central  dorsal  area  transversely  aciculate,  while  anterior  portion  of  same 
area,  and  the  greater  portion  of  the  other  areas,  rather  coarsely  punctate.  Posterior 
margins  of  abdominal  terga,  behind  the  second,  sometimes  brownish.  Ventrum  of 
abdomen  yellowish.  Ovipositor  %  as  long  as  abdomen.  Anterior  and  middle  legs 
including  coxse,  light  yellow,  with  tarsi  dusky.  Posterior  legs  dull  yellowish  red, 
with  coxje,  except  at  tip,  and  basal  portion  of  trochanters  black,  and  tarsi  dusky. 
Tegulee  and  base  of  veins  whitish  yellow  ;  rest  of  veins,  and  stigma,  except  whitish 
spot  at  base,  pale  brown. 

Described  from  many  specimens  bred  in  Illinois  from  Phoxopteris 
comptana;  and  one  specimen  bred  by  Prof.  A.  J.  Cook  from  the  same 
Tortricid  in  Michigan. 

The  male  differs  from  the  female  in  having  the  entire  face  below  the 
insertion  of  the  antennae  and  a  line  below  a  spot  in  front  of  the  tegulae 
vellow,  and  another  yellow  patch  which  varies  much  in  size  (being  some- 
times wanting)  on  each  side  of  the  front  of  the  mesonotum. 

In  a  well  marked  variety  of  the  male  of  the  male,  of  which  we  have 
bred  two  specimens,  the  face,  eye-orbits  and  under  surface  of  scape  are 
distinctly  reddish,  almost  approaching  vermillion.  It  may  be  called 
variety  riifus. 

Glypta  phoxopteridis,  sp.  n. 

From  a  number  of  larvae  of/*,  comptana  collected  on  blackberry  at 
Anna,  July  14,  1884,  there  was  bred  early  in  August  a  single  specimen 
of  an  apparently  undescribed  species  of  Glypta  for  which  I  propose  the 
above  name.  The  species  is  so  well  marked,  and  is  of  such  economic 
interest  in  this  connection,  that  I  describe  it  now,  notwithstanding  my 
belief  that  the  fewer  are  the  descriptions  that  are  drawn  up  from  single 
specimens  of  parasitic  Hymenoptera,  the  better  will  it  be  for  Science. 

Length  7  mm.  9-  Black,  varied  with  white;  face  except  space  beneath  an- 
tennae, broad  eye-orbits,  clypeus,  mandibles  except  teeth,  palpi,  ventrum  and  sides 
of  thorax,  (eguliie  and  wide  line  running  forward,  scutellum,  post  scutellum,  lateral 
and  posterior  margins  of  metanotum  with  space  on  meson  reaching  two-thirds  the 
way  to  the  anterior  margin,  basal  and  apical  margins  of  abdominal  terga,  with  vent- 


—  152— 

rum  of  abdomen,  white.  Legs  yellowish  red,  with  coxae  and  trochanters  of  anterior 
and  middle  pairs,  whitish,  as  are  the  posterior  tarsi,  except  the  basal  half  of  first  joint 
which  is  dusky.  Wings  hyaline,  irridescent  ;  nervures  and  stigma  dark  brown. 
Ovipositor  as  long  as  abdomen. 

The  antenncie  are  broken  off  of  the  only  specimen  at  hand,   so  I  am  unable  to  de- 
scribe them  now. 

Described  from  one  specimen  bred  from  Phoxopteris  comptana,  Frol., 
August,  1884. 


Herbert  Osborn  presented  a  paper  on  the  "Food  Habits  of  tlie 
Thripidce.  "* 

Mr.  Smith  remarked  that  he  considered  the  habits  of  the  group  as 
very  important  economically  and  hoped  additional  information  could  be 
stated  here. 

Mr.  Howard  mentioned  the  supposed  occurence  in  Europe,  in 
Phylloxera  Galls,  of  the  species  called  Thrips  phylloxerce  by  Prof  Riley. 

Mr.  Webster  stated  that  he  had  kept  a  species  of  Thrips  for  several 
weeks  on  wheat  without  other  nutriment. 

Mr.  Fletcher  mentioned  the  injury  done  on  exhausted  meadow 
lands  in  Canada  to  June  Grass  {Poa  prafcnsis)  '\x\6.  to  Timothy  {Phkiim 
pratense)  which  was  apparently  due  to  Thrips. 

Mr.  Howard  had  seen  the  species  mentioned  by  Prof  Comstock 
and  had  known  cases  where  every  stalk  of  grass  showing  injury  would 
be  found  on  examination  to  contain  Thrips. 

Mr.  Smith  said  he  had  t)bserved  Thf-ipidcB  in  galls  but  had  not  con- 
considered  them  as  the  authors  of  the  galls  or  as  feeding  upon  the  larvae. 

Mr.  Smith  asked  Mr.  Westcott  for  information  concerning  Illinois 
collections. 

Mr.  Westcott  remarked  that  there  were  a  few  good  collecdons  in 
Illinois  and  invited  the  President  and  others  to  examine  them  in  person. 

Mr,  Smith  remarked  upon  the  collection  of  Mr.  Bruce,  especially 
commending  the  rich  series  in  certain  species  which  were  represented  by 
such  number  of  specimens  that  the  lines  of  variation  could  be  very 
clearly  followed. 

Adjourned  to  meet  the  following  morning. 

Friday  Morning. — Club  met  at  nine  o'clock,  and  the  reading  of  the 
minutes  having  been  deferred,  the  Club  listened  to  a  paper  by  Mr.  D.  S. 
Kellicott  on  Hepialiis  argeniioniaculata. 


To  be  published  in  Insect  Life. 


—153— 

Note   on    Hepialus  argentiomaculatus. 

13y    D.     S.     KELLICt)TT. 

At  the  Ann  Arbor  meeting  of  this  Club  1  described  the  larva  and 
pupa  of  an  unknown  species  of  moth,  supposed  to  be  one  of  the  Cossidce. 
I  provisionally  called  it  Cossus  alni.  I'he  examples  were  obtained  in 
Oswego  Count\-,  N.  Y.,  from  the  roots  and  stems  of  Alnus  incana.  I 
showed  that  the  larva  probably  requned  three  years  to  complete  its 
growth  and  that  the  habits  were  substaniially  those  of  the  better  known 
species  of  its  group. 

Efforts  to  obtain  the  imago  were  fruitless  until  this  present  summer. 
A  pupa  sent  to  me  from  Hastings  Center,  Oswego  County,  N.  Y.,  June 
ist,  gave  a  female  imago  June  2nd  and  it  proved  io\)Q  Hepialus  argentio- 
maculatus. 

I  have  little  to  add  to  what  I  have  already  said  in  the  Club  concern- 
ing its  history.  I  have  found  the  wood-peckers  most  successful  rivals  in 
collecting  the  mature  larvi\?.  In  the  Fall  before  the  final  changes  are  to 
occur  tliey  bore  up  into  the  stems  and  the  birds  then  seek  them  and  suc- 
cessfuU)'  re^nove  them  from  burrows  that  are  deep  in  the  wood.  As  the 
larva  does  not  then  open  the  way  to  the  surface  the  bird  must  locate  it 
by  sounding.  The  larvoe  occur  in  abundance  in  the  locality  where 
found.      1  have  sought  for  it  at  Buffalo  and  elsewhere  without  finding  it. 


Mr.  Schwarz  stated  that  he  had  collected  the  species  on  ihe  shore  of 
Lake  Superior,  near  Marquette,  July  29th  of  the  present  year. 

Mr.  Smith  stated  that  he  had  met  with  it  in  various  places  and  he 
believed  it  to  be  probably  quite  generally  distributed,  and  breeding  in 
Oak,  Willow  and  Poplar. 

Mr.  Kellicott  remarked  that  he  had  taken  Prionoxystus  querciperda 
from  the  lunbs  of  Red  Oak. 

Herbert  Osborn  presented  a  note  on  the  occurrence  o'i  Cicada  riniosa. 
Say,  in  Iowa. 

"  During  the  present  summer  1  have  received  from  a  student,  Mr. 
F.  A.  Sirrine,  living  in  Tama  Co. .  Iowa,  a  lew  specimens  of  Cicada 
rimosa,  Sav.  As  this  is  the  first  time  I  have  met  with  specimens  collect- 
ed in  the  State  and  as  I  had  supposed  its  distribution  did  not  cover  any 
portion  of  the  State  it  is  perhaps  worth  while  to  put  its  occuirance  on 
rec(Md  Its  distribution  must  be  local  or  else  its  occurance  quite  rare, 
otherwise  it  would  probably  have  been  noticed  by  some  of  the  collectors 
in  the  manv  years  during  which  insects  have  been  collected  in  low^a. 
The  specimens  received  were  collected  in  a  grove  in  the  North  Eastern 
part  of  Tama  Co.  and  said  to  be  quite  abundant  there.    Another  student, 


—  154— 

living  in  Worth  Co.,  is  quite  sure   he   has  seen   the  same  species  there, 
but  I  have  seen  no  specimens."* 

Prof.  O.  S,  Westcutt  presented  the  following  Entomological  Mem- 
oranda. 

ENTOMOLOGICAL    MEMORANDA. 

By  Prof.  O.  S.  Wkstcott. 
L 
While  at  Port  Arthur.  Ontario,  Canada,  in  July,  1888,  I  was  in- 
formed by  Mr.  John  Merrill  f)f  that  place,  that  in  June  of  this  year  his 
attention  was  called  to  a  great  gathering  of  butierfiies.  On  close  investig- 
ation he  discovered  that  the  centre  of  attraction  for  ihe  butterflies  was  a 
dead  dog.  The  fondness  of  many  diurnals  for  carrion  is  already  a  matter 
of  rect)rd  and  this  memorandum  is  made  onlv  as  corroborative.  So  near 
as  could  be  learned  from  Mr.  Merrill's  descriptions,  the  gathering  con- 
sisted ma.\v\\y  o(  Danai's  arc/i/ppus,  supplemented  by  Limenitis  arthemis, 
Melitcea  and  Colias.  In  all,  Mr.  Merrill  counted  one  hundred  and  ten 
examples. 

n. 

At  the  same  place,  July  20th  to  23rd,  1888,  I  took  nineteen  e.xamples 
of  IMelifiPa.  Of  these  one  was  nvcteis,  and  seventeen  tharos,  eight  of 
the  form  niarcia,  and  nine  of  the  form  ni07-pheus.  Query  : — Should 
marcia  and  morpheus  be  found  abundantly  together  during  the  latter 
part  of  July,  if,  as  supposably  demonstrated  by  Wm.  H.  Edwards,  they 
are  seasonal  variations,  due  to  the  varying  degrees  of  temperature  to 
which  the  pupx'  have  been  subjected } 

in. 

On  a  gravel  work  in  the  park  at  Sault  St.  Marie,  Mich.,  Aug.  ist, 
1888,  I  gathered  twenty  pups,  apparently  of  some  Agrotis.  The  cater- 
pillars had  selected  a  nearly  solid  foundation  on  which  to  pupate,  but, 
e.xposed  as  they  were  to  the  foot  of  every  pedestrian,  many  others  had 
been  crushed.  Why  should  thev  leave  the  grass  plots  and  resort  to  the 
gravel  walk  as  a  preferred  place  for  their  transformation  .? 

IV. 

In  the  monograph  of  the  genus  Lac/nioslcrna*^  Dr.  Horn  remarks 
o{  L.  ftisca  :  "This  species  is  probably  the  most  widely  distributed  of 
any  in'  our  fauna  and  at  the  same  time  the  most  abundant  wherever  it 
occurs."  This  opinion  is  doubtless  concurred  in  by  most,  if  not  all  col- 
lectors, and  yet  some  observations  I   have   made   for  the  last   two  years 


*  Since  this  note  was  read  I  have  seen  specimens   from   Worth  County  collected 
the  present  season  by  the  student  above  mentioned. 

**  Transactions  of  the  American  Entomological  Society,  Vol.  XIV,  p.  245. 


—155— 


may  be  regarded  by  some  as  casting  a  shadow  of  doubt  on  this  belief. 
Having  taken  occasion  to  capture  L. /iisca,  Frol.,  and  L.  gihbosa,  Bur- 
meister,  in  considerable  numbers  during  the  last  two  seasons  and  having 
preserved  memc>randa  of  numbers  taken  and  dates  of  capture,  I  embrace 
this  oppoitunity  of  putting  such  memoranda  on  record. 

In  the  June  issue  of  "Entomolocica  Americana"  (Vol  IV,  p.  56,) 
Mr.  J.  B.  Smith  remarks  that  ."observations  made  by  several  Entomo- 
logists indicate  that  the  species  \o{  Lachnosterna\  relieve  each  other, — 
i.  e.  appear  successively,  though  a  few  will  have  a  long  life  and  overlap. 
*  *  *  It  will  be  a  valuable  addition  to  knowledge  if  collectors  would 
note  dates  of  first  appearance,  of  greatest  abundance  and  of  last  capture." 
The  memoranda  I  have  made  wil',  in  a  small  way,  relieve  collectors  from 
this  implied  criticism. 

My  captures  were  made  at  Maywood,  Cook  Co.,  Illinois,  a  suburb 
of  Chicago,  a  place  about  12  miles  West  of  Lake  Michigan.  I  used  a 
large  funnel-shaped  trap,  made  to  fit  around  a  street  lamp.  In  fair 
weather  the  trap  was  allowed  to  remain  out  all  night.  It  was  so  con- 
structed that  any  beetle  flying  against  the  inwardly  sloping  glass  sides  of 
the  street  lamp  would  inevitably  be  taken. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  date  of  capture  and  the  number  of 
L.  fiisca  and  L.  gibbosa  taken  in  this  trap. 

— o  ^  8  87.  o  — 


MAY                                   JUNE        1 

9 

II 

12 

15  16 

18  19 

20 

21 

23 

24 

25.  9 

11 

12 

13 

14 

Fusca 

27 

52 

20 

9398 

22  90 

125 

83 

37 

48 

613 

20 

33 

29 

12 

Gibbosa 

1028 

2  25 

39 

35 

37 

46 

9    I 

31 

28 

17 

5 

It  is  unfortunate  that  these  observations  were  not  conducted  daily 
for  a  series  of  months.  But  moon-light  takes  the  place  of  gas-light  for 
a  respectable  fraction  of  each  month  and  occasional  storms  as  well  as 
persistent  foul  weather  dampen  the  ardor  of  both  victim  and  collector. 
This  table  indicates  the  correctness  of  the  statements  of  both  Dr.  Horn 
and  Mr.  J.  B.  Smith. 

The  greater  abundance  o^  fusca  and  the  overlap  of  the  species  are 
both  sufficiently  evident. 

Similar  collections  the  present  jear  are  shown  by  the  following  table. 

o  1888.  o 


JUNE 

JULY   1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

4 

38 

7 
I 

19 

8 

24 
264 

9 

ID 

371 

10 
2 

4 

II 

2 
86 

12 
6 

355 

13 

9 

204 

25 
84 

29 
20 

30 

3 

65 

I 
I 
152 

2 

54 

Fusca 

I 

4 
35 

5 
75 

I 
10 

Gibbosa 

-156- 


This  table  presents  a  very  different  appearance.  While  the  observa- 
tions of  1887  indicate  the  greater  abundance  oi/usca,  those  of  1888  in- 
dicate the  far  greater  abundance  of  gibbosa.  It  is  not  unnoticed  that 
these  observations  began  later  in  the  seaison.  Constant  cold  and  storm}' 
weather  in  the  month  of  May  prevented  the  use  of  the  trap,  but  the  con- 
tinuity of  the  dates  in  June  1888  is  more  satisfacttiry  than  the  somewhat 
broken  series  of  1887,  ant!  a  comparison  of  the  two  \ears  may  be  very 
satisfactorilv  instituted  to  about  tlie  middle  of  June.  If  the  excess  of 
gibbosa  as  compared  with  fusca  in  the  present  season  is  exceptional, 
there  must  have  been  some  strong  influences  at  work,  meteorological  or 
other,  to  have  occasioned  this  surprising  disparity  in  numbers.  Many 
speculations  might  be  indulged  in  but  none  tlint  occur  to  me  seem  to 
suflficientlv  satisfactory  to  warrant  their  presentation  as  explaining  what 
may  be  abnormal  in  the  comparative  abundance  of  these  two  species  in 
my  locality  the  present  year. 

V. 

With  the  1^2  gibbosa  taken  on  July  ist,  1888,  among  other  insects 
I  took  great  numbers  of  CrambiiLe.  They  were  too  numerous  to  be 
counted  with  any  reasonable  expenditure  of  time,  but  I  counted  the  con- 
tents of  a  small  box  closelv  packed  with  them,  and  using  this  box  as  a 
measure,  estimated  their  number  in  excess  of  eight  thousand. 

VI. 

As  indicative  of  the  omnivorous  capacity  of  m)'  trap  I  append  a  list 
of  its  contents  on  the  night  of  June  13th,   1888. 

1.  Clivina  impressit'rons,   Lee...      3 

2.  "       aniericana.  Dej 2 

3.  Loxopeza  grandis,  Hentz  ....      i 
Lebia  viridis,   Say 2 

"       iileuritica,  Lee 2 

"       fu>cata,   Dej i 

riatynii-;  obsoletus.   Say    18 

Pterosticlms  sp.  ? 40 

9.     Badister  pulchellu';,  Lee 3 

10.  Agonoderus  comma,  Fab 730 

11.  '•  partiarius.  Say  ..     4 

12.  Anisodactyhis  diseoideus,  Dej.    11 

13.  "  sericeus,  ILarr..   23 

14.  Beinbidium  eordatum,  Lee.. .  .  i 

15.  Cnemidotns  edentukis,    Lee...  i 

16.  Colymbetes  seulptiiis,   Harr. .  .  i 

17.  Gaurodytes  obtiLsatus,   Say...  4 


847 


For'd  847 

18.  Cryptobium  pallipes,  Grav. . . .  2 

19.  Heterocerus  substriatus,  Ries  i 

20.  Copris  anaglypticus,  Say  .....  2 

21.  Apliodius  j^ranarius,  Linn    ...  19 

22.  Tro.v  unis.triatus,   lieauv 2 

23.  "     capillaris.  Say    I 

Laehnosterna  gibbosa.  Burm.  .204 

"              fusca,  Fiol. ...  9 

"              ilicis,   Burm. ...  i 

Ligyrus  relictus,   Say i 

Melanotus  communis,  GylL  ...  i 

Diabrotica  vittata,  Fabr 2 

Notoxus  anchora,  Ilenlz.    ...  i 

Pyrrarctia  isabelia.  Abb.&Sm.  I 

Telea  polypliemus.  Cram i 

Opliion  bilineatum,  Say 5 


24. 

25- 

26. 
27. 
28. 
29. 


and  92  as  yet  undetermined  examples,  representing  not  less  than  32  dif- 
ferent species.     This  list  of  65  species  and   11 92  specimens  enumerates 


—157— 

only  recognizable,  mostly  good  material,  no  account  being  made  of  a 
mass  of  damaged  and  microscopic  material  which  found  its  way  imme- 
diately in  the  waste  basket.  Lachnosierna^  so  abundant  presence  is  of 
course  thoroughly  destructive  of  the  respectability  of  any  Bombycid  or 
Noctuid  which  is  wheedled  into  the  crowd.  My  best  moth-catches  with 
the  trap  are  hence  confined  to  the  evenings  before  the  advent  o'i  Lachno- 
stcrna  and  after  its  exodus.  Unfortunately,  no  angesthetizer  that  I  have 
tried  is  so  promptly  effective  with  vigorous  Coleoptera  as  to  allow  the 
trap  to  furnish  undamaged  Lepidopiera,  when  beetles  are  abundant.* 


Prof.  Kellicott  slated  that  he  had  frequently  observed  butterflies  at- 
tracted to  carrion. 

Mr.  Smith  had  noted  the  location  of  a  dead  dog  and  after  removal 
of  dog  had  observed  that  butterflies  collected  at  the  spot. 

Dr.  Peabody  had  observed  artheviis  collected  on  foul  smelling 
objects. 

Dr.  Kellicott  had  taken  cresphontes  in  barn  yards  in  Michigan  and 
found  them  there  in  July  last  more  common  than  Asterias. 

Mr.  Smith  expressed  his  opinion  that  extensive  collecting  would  re- 
veal about  equal  numbers  of  both  forms  ol  MelitcBa. 

Dr.  Kellicott  inquired  if  the  pupae  of  the  insects  occurring  in  such 
numbers  on  gravel  walks  were  formed  there. 

Mr.  Westcott  stated  that  he  was  sure  they  yxQXQ  there  and  completely 
exposed  and  that  knew  of  no  way  to  account  for  their  occurrence  but 
that  they  pupated  there. 

iNIr.  Osborn  stated  that  in  Iowa  Lachnosterna  gibbosa  was  more 
abuntlant  than  usual  this  year.  Fusca  has  been  most  abundant  every 
three  years,   1880,  1883  and  1886. 

]Mr.  Schwarz  remarked  that  the  notes  showed  that  much  can  be 
done  bv  thorough  collecting  for  certain  species  and  urged  collecting 
more  systematical h*. 

Mr.  Smith  remarked  that  he  had  collected  Lachnosterna  carefully 
the  present  summer  and  had  observed  that  the  females  appeared  first,  for 

*  Since  writing  the  above  I  have  unearthened  a  few  memoranda  made  in  1886. 
For  a  few  days  I  took  in  my  trap //«<■«  and  gibbosa  as  follows  : 


MAY 

JUNE 

26 

36 
196 

27 

3 
18 

28 
47 
94 

29 

4 
12 

30 

■  5 
58 

I 

Fusca 

24 

Gibbosa 

56 

My  notes  say  that  the  27th  of  May  was  cold  and  stormy.     Of  these /z/j-^-a  care- 
fully examined  for  sex  I  found  the  ratio  of  males  to  females  7  to  i.  O.  S.  W. 


-158-   ■ 

fusca,  a  week  previous  to  the  males,  then  the  males  were  more  abundant 
for  a  time  and  after  that  the  females  more  abundant.  The  males  appear 
to  be  short-lived  as  compared  with  the  females.  He  would  take  females 
fresh  and  full  of  eggs,  then  old  and  full  of  eggs  and  then  very  old  battered 
with  few  eggs.  Gibbosa  is  not  common  at  Washington.  Ilicis  is  rather 
rare  wherever  known  but  a  few  may  be  beaten  from  trees.  In  New  York 
he  collected  in  early  evening  and  watched  for  movements  of  the  insects 
in  grass  and  the  most  collected  were  ilicis  while  but  very  few  of  these 
were  taken  at  the  lamps.  Many  species  are  absolutely  local.  Fusca  and 
inversa  are  everywhere.  Ajffinis  occurs  in  very  limited  spots.  He  had 
observed  in  Washington  one  particular  tree  where  it  was  almost  certain 
to  be  found.    Mr.  Ulke,  collecting  later  in  the  sason,  had  \.d.V.Qn  fra/erna. 

Mr.  Webster  remarked  that  he  had  collected  many  years  in  Eastern 
Illinois  (DeKalb  Co.)  without  getting  gibbosa  but  found  it  common  in 
the  Western  part  of  the  State  (Stark  Co. )  and  he  was  somewhat  surprised 
at  Mr.  Westcott's  securing  it  in  such  large  numbers. 

Mr.  Westcott  stated  that  he  had  collected  gibbosa  for  twenty  years 
near  Chicago. 

Dr.  Peabody  had  no  doubt  that  the  condition  of  weather  would 
affect  the  numbers  o'i Lachnosterna  which  would  appear  on  certain  nights. 
He  doubted  whether  it  would  influence  the  numbers  that  would  appear 
in  a  given  season.  These  insects  transform  to  imagos  in  autumn,  and 
hybernate  in  that  stage;  after  having  endured  the  cold  and  wet  of  a  long 
winter,  it  is  hardly  possible  that  their  emergence  would  be  prevented  by 
a  little  cold  or  wet  in  May  or  June,  unless  they  should  be  actually  drown- 
ed out.  When  a  warm  night  gives  them  their  opportunity  they  will  ap- 
pear in  numbers  determined  chiefly  by  the  conditions  affecting  m  their 
larval  growth. 

Mr.  Smith  said  conditions  of  weather  have  a  great  influence;  the 
beetles  transform  in  Fall  and  it  takes  wet  hot  weather  to  bring  them  out 
in  the  Spring. 

A  motion  to  continue  the  session  of  the  Club  through  the  morning 
was  lost,  many  of  the  members  wishing  to  attend  meeting  of  section  "F." 

Mr.  Howard  made  a  few  remarks  upon  the  recent  successful  ex- 
periments made  under  Dr.  Riley's  direction  at  Washington  with  kerosene 
emulsion  against  white  grubs.  (A  fuller  account  of  these  experiments 
than  that  given  by  Mr.  Howard  has  since  been  published  in  Insect  Life, 
Vol.  I,  No.  2.) 

Mr.  Webster  expressed  his  doubt  of  the  practicability  of  this  plan 
on  large  farms. 

Mr.  Howard  said  it  could  probably  be  used  only  on  lawns  or  where 
special  value  of  ground  warranted  the  necessary  expense. 


—159— 

Dr.  Peabody  stated  that  he  was  sorry  that  Prof.  Forbes  was  not 
present  to  tell  his  own  story,  as  he  had  used  the  kerosene  emulsion  with 
success,  but,  as  he  remembered,  the  conclusion  was  that  it  would  cost 
too  much  per  acre,  to  be  of  general  service. 

INIr.  James  Fletcher  gave  a  descriptive  account  of  an  expedition  he 
had  made  with  Mr.  S.  Scudder  to  Nepison,  North  of  Lake  Superior,  in 
(juest  of  the  eggs  of  diurnal  Lepidoptera ;  but  particularly  fpr  those  of 
Chionobas  macotmii,  Carterocephalus  niandan,  and  Colias  interior.  This 
expedition  had  been  eminently  successful.  Not  only  had  eggs  been 
procured  of  all  the  species  mentioned,  but  of  many  others  besides.  An 
account  was  given  of  the  methods  of  capturing,  caging  and  general 
treatment  which  had  given  the  best  results.  It  was  found  most  con- 
venient to  place  all  the  cages  near  together  in  the  woods,  so  that  they 
could  all  be  visited  and  examined  without  loss  of  time,  and  also  that  fe- 
males might  be  carried  a  long  lime  in  smaller  boxes  before  caging.  Eggs 
had  even  been  procured  from  Colias  interior  which  had  been  sent  from 
Sudbury  to  Ottawa  (323  miles)  by  mail  in  a  tomato  can.  In  speaking 
of  cages  it  was  pointed  out  that  these  could  be  made  with  great  ease. 
Mr.  Scudder  had  given  most  valuable  suggestions  in  this  line.  Cages 
for  all  small  species  can  be  made  in  a  few  minutes  by  cutting  off  the  top 
and  bottom  of  a  tomato  can  and  then  fastening  a  piece  of  netting  over 
one  end,  either  by  slipping  an  elastic  band  over  it  or  tying  it  with  a  piece 
of  string.  The  female  is  then  placed  in  this  over  a  growing  plant  of  the 
species  the  larvae  are  known  to  feed  upon.  These  cages  had  answered 
well  for  all  the  skippers  which  feed  on  grass,  and  the  small  Argynnides. 
For  such  species  as  lay  on  the  foliage  of  shrubs  or  trees  bags  had  to  be 
tied  over  living  branches,  care  being  taken  that  the  leaves  were  not 
crowded  up  ;  but  that  they  should  stand  out  freely  so  that  the  female 
could  lay,  if  such  were  her  habit,  either  upon  the  upper  or  lower  side  or 
the  edge  of  the  leaves.  In  this  way  eggs  were  obtained  oC  Nisoniades 
icelus  and  Papilio  tiirnus.  Another  cage  for  insects  which  lay  upon  low 
plants  and  which  is  easily  constructed,  is  to  cut  two  flexible  twigs  and 
bend  them  into  the  shape  of  two  arches  which  are  put  one  over  the  other 
at  right  angles  to  each  other  with  the  ends  pushed  into  the  ground;  over 
this  pent-house  so  formed  a  piece  of  gauze  is  thrown  and  the  edges  are 
kept  down  either  with  pegs  or  earth  laid  upon  them.  This  kind  was 
useful  for  larger  insects  than  could  be  placed  in  tomato  cans.  In  these, 
eggs  of  Chionohiis  macounii,  Colias  eurytheme,  etc.,  were  secured. 

Interesting  notes  were  given  on  the  habits  of  some  of  the  species 
collected,  and  the  larvae  of  Carterocephalus  matidan,  Pamphila  hobo?nok 
and  P.  mystic  were  exhibited  as  well  as  specimens  of  Chiojiobas  macounii 
and  Colias  interior.  Out  of  19  species  of  Diurnals  caged  eggs  had  been 
obtained  from  17. 

(to  be  continued.) 


— i6o — 

On  a  New  and  Interesting  Spider. 

By  Geo.   Marx,   M.  D. 

Washineton,  D.  C. 


The  family  Pholcidce  has  been  hitherto  placed  in  close  relation  with 
the  Theridiidce,  but  the  peculiar  structural  characters  of  this  small  but 
well  marked  family  have  made  this  affinity  doubtful  to  some  of  our 
systematists.  In  fact,  the  right  place  for  the  PholcidiS  has  »ot  been 
found  so  far,  and  all  our  modern  arachnologists  content  themselves 
with  leaving  it  where  it  was,  near  the  ThendudcB.  Duges  alone  placed 
it  with  Fiiisiata,  but  for  what  reason  I  do  not  know. 

In  July  last  I  received,  from  the  vicinity  of  Lookout  Mountain, 
Tenn. ,  a  few  males  and  females  of  a  spider,  which  were  collected  in 
the  forests  of  that  mountainous  region,  where  they  had  constructed,  at 
the  underside  of  projecting  cliffs  and  rocks,  large,  white,  saucer-  or 
lampshade-like  webs,  in  which  they  dwelt,  assuming  an  inverted  posi- 
tion, and  shaking  the  web  like  a  Pholcus,  when  one  approaches. 

This  spider  appeared  at  the  first  glance  to  be  a  Pholcus  from  its 
long,  slender  legs,  the  shape  of  the  body  and  the  arrangement  of  the 
eyes  ;  but  a  closer  study  showed  that  it  was  an  entirely  new  animal, 
with  characters  widely  differing  from  any  known  spider,  and  yet  com- 
bining in  itself  some  of  those  characters  upon  which  a  certain  number 
of  families  form  a  natural  group,  viz  :  Dysderidce,  Filistatida:  and  the 
Territelaritv.  Moreover,  this  spider  brings  into  this  group  the  Pholcidce 
and  ScytodidiX,  since  it  possesses  characters  which  belong  to  these 
families. 

The  principal  and  peculiar  characters  of  this  interesting  spider  are 
as  follows  :  //  has  four  true  lamellar  trachete  or  lungs  like  the  Territel- 
aricB.  It  has  a  cribellum  and  calamistrum  like  the  FilistatidiC.  It  has 
the  nearly  vertical  mandibular  claws  and  the  male  palpus,  like  the 
Dysderidce.  It  has  the  legs  and  body  shape  and  the  arrangement  of  the 
eyes  of  the  Pholcidce. 

But  it  is  unlike  the  hitherto  known  Territelari.c  in  the  presence  of 
a  cribellum  and  calamistrum,  in  the  slenderness  of  the  legs  and  in  the 
shape  of  the  body.  It  is  unlike  the  FilistatichE  from  its  four  lungs,  the 
position  of  the  mandibular  claws  and  the  form  of  the  labium.  It  is  un- 
like the  Dysderidce  from  the  number  of  the  eyes,  the  presence  of  the 
cribellum  and  calamistrum  and  the  length  of  the  tarsi.  It  is  unlike  the 
Pholcidce  by  the  presence  of  four  lungs,  the  cribellum  and  calamistrum 
and  the  direction  of  the  mandibular  claws. 

The  fact  that  our  spider  has  four  lungs   places   it  at   once   in   the 


6  \ra  fx  i  fir 


HypocJiilus  Thorellii.  Marx. 


— i6i  — 

sub-order  Teirapneiimones,  but  the  fact  that  it  spins  a  web  Hke  a  Tubi- 
Jelaria  excludes  it  from  the  Terri/elan'ce  and  demands  at  least  a  new 
family. 

I  have  named  this  interesting  spider,  at  the  suggestion  of  Prof. 
Thorell,  Hypochihis,  and,  in  appreciation  of  this  distinguished  naturalist, 
Hypochihis  thorcUii,  and  the  new  famil}-  I  have  called  Hypochilidcc. 

Family  HYPOCHILID^,   nov.   gen. 

Four  lamallar  tiacbere,  the  anterior  pair  close  the  base  of  the  abdomen,  the 
posterior  in  the  middle  res^ion  of  the  venter.  .Mandibular  claws  nearly  vertical.  Legs 
lon^  and  slender.     Cribellum  and  calamistruni  present. 

Spiders  which  make  saucer- or  lampshade-like  webs. 

HYPOCHILUS,  nov.   gen. 
Iliipo  below,   cheilos  lip  :   from  the  position  of  the  labium. 

Cepha'x  with  a  flattened  dorsum,  dei^ressed  in  the  median  region  ;  sub- 
circular,  posteriorly  slightly  emarginate  ;  pai  s   cephalica   rising  abruptly.     Eyes,   8. 

3  in  a  cluster  on  each  side  and  two  in  the  middle  between  them  ;  the  anterior  lateral 
eyes  about  as  far  from  the  margin  of  the  clypeus  as  their  diameter.  These  eyes  are 
directed  downward.  The  two  middle  eyes  a  little  lighter  than  the  anterior  lateral. 
Mandibles  cylindrical,  slightly  tumid  in  the  middle  region.  Claws  long,  nearly 
vertical.  Maxillaf  longer  than  broad,  parallel  ;  palpus  inserted  in  the  middle  of  the 
external  bolder,  Labium  broad,  short  and  straight,  situate  below  the  maxillce 
which  stand  upon  it.  Abdomen  long,  subcylindrical  ;  cribellum  semicircular,  un- 
divided.    Coxre  nearly  vertical,  not  free.    Legs  long  and  slender,  not  spiney.    1.2.4.3. 

Hypochilus  thoreliii,  nov.  species. 
Female'. — Measurement:  Cepha'x  long  5.4.  broad  4.4,  abdomen  long  9.2  mm. 

Femur         Patella         Tibia  Metatarsus         Tarsus         Total 

Leg        L     22  mm.       2.4  mm.      19. 2  mm.       13.2  mm.  6  mm.       62.8  mm. 

"       IL      16    "  2.2    "  145    "  10.4    "  5      "         48.1    " 

"     III.     13    "  2.2    "         II       "  8.6    "  5      "        39.8    " 

"      IV.      15    "  2.2    '•         13       '■  10.6    '•  5.4  "         46.2    " 

Cepha'x  flattened,  with  a  dcpres-ed  venlral  area,  light  yellowish  gray  with 
a  star-shaped  darker  colored  ventral  figure.  Pars  cejih^a  shorter  and  about  half  as 
wide  as  the  thoracic  part.  Lateral  sides  vitical.  Clypeus  low.  The  two  smaller 
median  eyes  black,  the  others  large  and  white. 

Maridibles  whitish  gray  with  a  black  indistinct  figure  at  the  front,  as  loiiti  as 
patella  I,  about  as  thick  as  femur  I,  and  nearly  vertical  in  position  ;  claws  long, 
groove  bordered  at  the  anteiior  side  by  5  long  and  strong  teeth,  at  the  niternal  border 
by  4  small  tubercles.  Maxillre  nearly  twice  as  long  as  broad,  parallel,  with  straight 
inner  borders,  truncate  at  the  tip  and  standing  with  their  narrow  and  pointed  base 
upon  the  labium.  Sicrnum  ovate,  truncate  anteriorly  by  the  bioad  labium,  its  sides 
with  depressions  and  a  blunt  |ioint  between  coxk  IV.  Palpi  long,  equal  to  meta- 
tarsus II.  Abdomen — upperside  mottled  with  black  indistinct  lines  and  figures  which 
leave  a  somewhat  lighter  dorsal  region.     Underside  whitish  gray  ;  the  borders  of  the 

4  lungs  distinct  ;  no  vulva,  but  the  area  between  the  anterior  pair  of  lungs  covered 
with    long    dark    hair.     Spinnerets  short  ;  median    pair    very    small.     Legs  whitish 


162 

yeliow,  Fpotted  with  iiregular  black  dots  ;  tlie    discal    ends    of   the  joints   somewhat 
thickened  and  darker  coloied  ;  all  legs  with  a  fine  and  rather  long  pubescence.     No 
spines.     Calamistrum  of  metatarsus  IV  short  and  consisting  of  long  but  slender  hairs. 
Male.—  Cepha'.x,  long  4.     Abdomen  6  mm.     Palpi  as  long  as  abdomen. 

Ley 


Femur 

Patella 

Tibia 

Metatarsus 

Tarsus 

Total 

I. 

24.5  mm. 

2.4  mm. 

24    mm. 

20.4  mm. 

8    mm. 

79.3  mm 

II. 

17-5    " 

2.2     " 

17       " 

14.6    " 

6       " 

57-3    " 

III. 

13 

2        " 

12.8   " 

II         " 

4.6  " 

43-4    " 

IV. 

15.6    " 

2.2     ■' 

15       " 

14.4    " 

6.6  " 

53-8    " 

Cepha'.x  and  abdomen  like  in  the  female  in  form  and  color,  trophi  also. 
Palpi  long,  tibial  joint  with  an  elbow  at  base  ;  tarsal  joint  short,  club-shaped  ;  at  its 
underside  near  the  tip,  a  long  spiral  bulbus,  thick  at  the  base  and  drawn  out  in  a 
slender  point,  hanging  free  from  the  palpal  tarsus.  Legs  longer  and  much  thinner 
than  in  the  female. 

EXPLANA  HON  OF  THE  PLA  TE. 
Fig.  I. — Dorsal  aspect  of  a  female,  much  enlarged. 

2. — Clypcus  with  the  arrangement  of  the  eyes.     Mandibles. 

3.  — Lateral  view  of  Cepha'.x  showing  the  dorsal  depression  and  the  vertical  posi- 
tion of  the  coxre. 

4.  —Sternal  side  of  Cepha'x. 


13 


— Maxilla  and  labium  showing  insertion  of  labial  palpus. 

— Ventral  aspect  of  abdomen. 

— Spinnerets  and  cribellum. 

— Male  palpus. 

— Genital  part  of  the  same  from  the  other  side. 

—  Claw  of  female  palpus. 

— Claws  of  first  pair  of  legs. 

— Calamistrum. 

— An  enlarged  female. 


Zeuzera  pyrina,  Fabr.   and  Z.   Canadensis,  Herr.-Sch. 
By  E.  L.  Gr.\ef. 


From  my  friend  INIr.  Angelmann  I  received  two  males  of  the  genus 
Zeuzera  Latr. ,  and  as  I  had  not  heard  of  the  capture  of  Z.  pyi-ina  in 
the  United  States  and  not  knowing  Herrich-Schafer's  species  Z.  cana- 
densis I  concluded  it  was  the  last  named.  On  comparing  it  with  my 
specimens  of  the  European  Z.  pyrina  I  at  once  once  concluded  it  to 
be  that  species. 

I  have  yet  to  compare  the  females  but  the  males  differ  in  nothing 
that  I  can  discover.  Whether  this  species  is  one  of  the  many  introduced 
into  this  country  or  whether  it  is  an  indigenous  species  is  difficult  to 
determine.      In   my  long  e.xperience   in   field   collecting  I  have  never 


— 163— 

taken  il  ami  I  now  hear  of  a  number  of  specimens  being  taken  in  tlie 
vicinity  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  where  the  two  specimens  now  represented  in 
my  cabinet  were  also  captured.  From  this  last  circumstance  I  would 
infer  the  species  was  introduced  from  Europe  as  the  larva  lives  in  the 
trunks  of  the  Walnut,  Chestnut  and  Appletree. 

Grote,  in  his  last  Check-List  does  not  cite  A.  pyrina  as  being  found 
in  the  U.  S. ,  while  Dr.  Morris  (Synopsis  Lepidoptera,  page  125),  and 
Dr.  Packard  (Proceedings  Phil.  Ent.  Socy.  Vol.  3,  p.  390, ) both  enum- 
erate it  among  the  American  species. 

For  those  who  do  not  possess  a  copy  of  Dr.  J.  G.  Morris  Synopsis 
of  Lepidi)ptera  I  append  a  description  of  Z.  canadensis,  H.  Sch. 

"Male.  Straw  color;  primaries  thickly  covered  with  little  trans- 
parent brown  streaks  ;  fore  part  of  the  disk  white,  hind  part  grayish. 
Secondaries  white,  with  straw-colored  veins.      Hab.  Canada." 

I  should  very  much  like  to  see  a  specimen  of  the  true  Z.  cariaden- 
sis  and  any  of  my  friends  possessing  the  species  would  confer  a  favor 
by  sending  me  a  specimen  for  examination. 


Klateridae  in  the  vicinity  of  Cincinnati,   Ohio. 
By  Charles  Dury. 

Species  of  the  sub-family  Eucnemincs  occur  in  numbers  in  the  vi- 
cinity of  this  city.  The  following  species  have  been  identified  from  this 
locality. 

Melasis  pectinicornis,  Melsh.     Taken  as  it  emerged  from  dead  Beech 
which  was  riddled  with  holes  made  by  it.     June. 

Tharops  rujicortiis,  Say.     Abundant,  taken  as  it  emerged  from  dead 
Beech  logs.     June. 

Stethon  pechrosus,  Lee.      Taken  from  fungus  growing  on  the  under- 
side of  Poplar  logs.     July. 

Deltometopus  amoenicornis ,  Say.      May,  July. 

' '  rttfipes,  Mlsh.  June,  found  running  about  on  dead  Beech. 

Dromceolus  cylmdricolUs ,  Say.     June. 

"  siriatus,  Lee.     June  and  July. 

"  harrmgloni,  Horn.      June  and  July. 

All  occur  on  Beech. 
Fornax  calceatus,  Say,  June. 

"      honiii,  Bonv.  =  (9  calceatus.     June. 
"      new  species.     June. 
"      orchesides,  Newm.     June. 
All  taken  on  dead  Beech.    Calceatus  and  orchesides  are  very  variable 
in  color  and  size. 


— 164 — 

Microrrhagus  humeralis,  Say.      June,  July. 
•'  sjibsiniiatus,  Lee.      June. 

"  impressicollis.  Bonv.     June. 

"  pectinatus,  Lee.      June. 

All  taken  on  dead  Beech.      400  humeralis  were  taken  out  of  a  small 
Beeeh  limb  that  had  broken  from  a  neighboring  tree. 
Hypoccehis  ierminalis,    Lee.      Dead  Beeeh. 
Nematodes  afropos,   Say. 
' '         penetrans,    Lee, 
Many   of  both  speeies  taken  while 'running  up  and  down   dead 
beaeh  trees.      Some    atropos  taken  from  Syeamore  were  very  large  in 
size. 

While  the  sun  shines  warm  and  bright  from  the  latter  part  of  May 
until  the  middle  of  July  members  of  this  interesting  sub-family  are 
found  actively  running  about  on  the  dead  and  dying  timber,  generally 
Beeeh.  Late  in  the  afternoon  they  conceal  themselves  in  crevices  and 
under  loose  bark  where  they  rest  for  the  night. 


Book  Notice. 


Entomology  for  Beginners,  by  A.  S.  Packard,  M.  D.,  Ph.  D.     8vo.  pp.    367. 
Henry  Holt  &  Co.,  New  York. 

The  above  work  is  by  the  generosity  of  the  Author  in  our  posses- 
sion.     It  is  a  compact  handy  volume,  well  printed,  neat  and  attractive. 

In  its  subject  matter  it  is  what  it  professes  to  be,  but  its  profession 
has  a  strong  flavor  of  modesty.  It  is  a  well  conceived,  well  arranged 
compendium  of  Entomology  for  beginners,  but  it  reaches  very  often 
and  very  far  into  the  deep  things  of  the  science. 

What  the  work  treats  of  can  be  in  no  better  way  summarized  than 
by  giving  the  table  of  contents  by  chapters.  This  is  as  follows  :  Chap. 
I,  the  structure  of  Insects  ;  Chap.  2,  growth  and  metamorphosis  of  In- 
sects ;  Chap.  3,  classification  of  Insects  ;  Chap.  4,  Insect  Architecture  ; 
Chap.  5,  Insects  mjurious  and  beneficial  to  Agriculture  ;  Chap.  6,  di- 
rections for  collecting,  preserving  and  rearing  Insects  ;  Chap.  7,  Mode 
of  dissecting  Insects;  Chap.  8,  Cutting  and  mounting  microscopic  sec- 
tions of  Insects,  and  mounting  them  whole,  etc.  ;  Chap.  9,  the  Ento- 
mologists Library. 

The  work  is  a  summary  of  most  that  is  best  in  the  experience  of 
entomologists  up  to  the  present  time,  compactly  arranged  and  clearly 
stated.  It  is  a  work  to  which,  so  far  as  our  knowledge  goes,  no  work 
heretofore  published,  can,  in  the  carrying  out  of  the  special  purpose  of 
its  existence  be  compared.  There  certainly  is  no  work  so  well  adapted 
to  the  needs  of  the  beginner,  no  work  so  well  fitted  as  a  text  book  for, 
schools  and  colleges.  Many  of  us  will  no  doubt  differ  from  the  learned 
Author  on  certain  matters  of  opinion,  but  not  one  of  us  but  will  ac- 
knowledge his  great  indebtedness  for  what  Dr.  Packard  has  so  ably  done. 

We  give  the  work  the  unstinted  praise  it  deserves,  and  recommend 
it  to  all  beginners  or  veterans  in  the  science  of  Entomology.    G.  D.  H. 


Americana 


VOL.  IV. 


BROOKLYN,  DECEMBER,  1888, 


NO.  9. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  CLUB 
OF  THE  A.  A.  A.  S. 


[Co.itinued  from  page   159.] 


Dr.  Kellicoti  commended  the  methods  employed  in  breeding. 

Mr.  Smith  said  he  was  specially  interested  in  the  methods  employed 
for  securing  eggs. 

Dr.  Kellicott  stated  that  he  used  earthen  flower  pots  in  rearing 
insects. 

Mr.  Fletcher  mentioned  the  use  of  lamp  chimneys  as  very  con- 
venient cages. 

Mr.  E.  A.  Schwarz  presented  a  paper  on  the  Insect  Fauna  of 
Southern  Florida. 

THE  INSECT  FAUNA  OF  SEMITROPICAL  FLORIDA  WITH 
SPECIAL  REGARD  TO  THE  COLEOPTERA. 

I3y  E.  a.  Schwarz. 
"Synopsis  of  the  Hymenoptera  of  North  America  north  of  Mexico;'" 
'Revised  Catalogue  of  the  diurnal  Lepidoptera  of  America  north  of 
Mexico  ;"  "Monograph  of  the  Aphodiini  of  America  north  of  Mexico"' — 
such  are  a  few  samples  of  the  titles  of  numerous  works  treating  on  North 
American  insects,  the  authors  thereby  intimating  that  the  fauna  of  North 
America  represents  on  all  sides  a  well  limited  area  except  along  the 
Mexican  frontier,  and  that  here  it  has  been  found  convenient  to  sub- 
stitute the  political  boundaries  of  the  two  countries  in  the  absence  of  a 
natural  dividing  line.  I  have  not  yet  come  across  a  similar  work  en- 
titled :  JMonograph  or  Catalogue  of  a  certain  family  of  insects  of  North 
America  north  of  Mexico  and  the  West  Indies,  and  it  cannot  be  denied 
that  hitherto  very  little  attention  has  been  paid  to  the  insect  fauna  of  the 


— 166— 

region  forming  the  extreme  southeastern  point  of  North  America;  where- 
as a  great  deal  of  interest  has  been  shown  for  many  years  in  tlic  study 
of  the  insects  of  all  Orders  inhabiiing  the  south-western  extremity.'  Of 
course,  it  has  long  been  known  that  there  exsisted  in  southern  Florida 
a  colony  of  West  Indian  forms  but  no  one  knew  how  large  or  small 
this  colony  was,  nor  how  far  north  it  extended.  Most  entomologists 
considered  this  colony  as  a  very  small  one,  or  as  having  only  a  temporary 
character,  the  insects  having  flown  or  having  been  in  some  t.ther  way 
brought  over  from  Cuba  to  disappear  again  from  the  Florida  coast  with- 
in one  season  or  two.  In  fact  some  of  die  species  reported  in  former 
times  from  southern  Florida  are  now  again  dropped  from  our  lists  as 
doubtfully  belonging  to  our  fauna.  Aside  from  this  West  Indian  colony 
quite  a  number  of  species  have  been  described  from  southern  Florida 
as  being  peculiar  to  that  section,  thus  creating  the  impression  of  the 
presence  of  a  distinct  endemic  fauna  in  southern  Florida.  A  few  of 
these  insects  came  from  Kev  West  but  most  of  them  are  simply  recorded 
from  "Southern  Ploritla,"  a  rather  indehnite  and  somewhat  mysterious 
locality,  since  it  must  be  remembered  that  by  far  the  largest  part  of 
southern  Florida  consists  of  unproductive  Cypress  or  Mangrove  swamps, 
or  impenetrable  sawgrass  savannahs,  or  overflowed  land  like  the  immense 
stretch  of  the  Fverglades. 

Thus  when  last  year  I  had  the  opportunity  of  sjjcnding  a  few  weeks 
on  an  exploring  trip  to  southern  P'lorida,  a  preparatory  study  of  what 
was  known  of  the  insects  of  that  region  furnished  hardl}^  any  ini'"ormation, 
and,  in  fact,  I  started  on  my  trip  quite  ignorant  regarding  the  general 
character  and  extent  of  that  fauna.  To  make  sure  of  striking  the  semi- 
tropical  part  of  Florida  I  proceeded  at  once  to  Key  West  and  here  I 
found  indeed  a  fauna  entirely  difterent  from  any  I  had  found  on  various 
previous  trips  to  Florida.*  Of  course,  the  island  of  Key  West  contains 
also  a  great  many  species  well  known  to  me  but  all  these  are  species  of 
general  distribution,  either  in  our  Southern  States  or  distributed  through 
both  North  and  South  America.  After  a  study  of  this  peculiar  fauna 
of  Key  West  which  I  also  found  on  many  other  localities  farther  north 
and  which  constitutes  the  semitropical  fauna  of  Florida,  I  have  come  to 
the  conclusion  that  it  is  entirely  of  West  Indian  origin,  and  that  the 
region  I  shall  hereafter  circumscribe  as  Semitropical  Florida  does  not 


*  The  following  remarks  pertain  only  to  the  Coleopterous  fauna,  to  the  study  of 
which  most  of  my  time  and  attention  was  paid ;  but  from  what  I  collected  or  saw  in 
the  other  orders  I  feel  confident  that  the  character  and  extent  of  the  semitropical  in- 
sect fauna  as  a  whole  does  not  differ  in  the  least  from  that  of  the  Coleoptera.  The 
strong  flyers  among  the  insects,  viz  :  certain  LepidopterazwA  Odonata,  differ  of  course 
in  the  moile  of  immigration  but  their  number  is  comparatively  small. 


-i67- 

contain  anv  endemic  forms.  In  other  words,  the  ilistinctive  fauna  of 
Soutlicni  l'"iorida  is  a  permanent  colony  of  West  Indian  forr.y  ,  much 
more  numerous  m  species  than  it  has  hitherto  been  supposed  ;  the 
number  in  C'o]eoj)tera  alone  amounting,  according  to  a  very  low  estimate, 
based  upon  my  collection,  to  at  least  300  species  not  yet  in  our  cata- 
logues. In  describing  sjiecies  from  Southern  Florida  the  point  I  have 
just  mentioned  has  l)een  t 'O  much  overlooked,  the  result  being  that 
manv  of  these  species  prove  to  liaxe  been  jireviously  described  from  the 
West  Indies. 

Tliis  conclusion  which  of  course  cannot  be  fully  proven  before  we 
have  acquired  a  more  complete  knowledge  of  the  West  Indian  faima, 
but  which  is  fully  sustained  by  the  peculiar  composition  and  mode  of 
occurrence  of  the  semitropical  insect  fauna  of  Florida,  forms  the  starting 
point  of  the  following  remarks. 

Before  entering  on  a  discussion  of  the  character  and  extent  of  this 
West  Indian  colony  in  Florida  it  seems  worth  while  and  instructive  to 
give  a  glance  at  the  south-western  extremity  of  North  America  where 
our  fauna  comes  also  in  contact  with  a  semitropical  fauna.  The  great 
faunal  regions  known  as  Nearctic  and  Neotropical  are  connected  or 
divided  by  the  Central  American  fauna  which  from  the  nature  of  the 
conditions  participates  in  the  ciiaracters  of  both  regions,  but  is  more 
nearly  allied  to  the  latter  than  to  tlie  former.  It  is  again  divided  into 
the  fauna  of  the  Central  American  continent  and  the  Insular  fauna  of 
Central  America,  more  commonly  called  the  West  Indian  fauna  ;  these 
two  faunal  regions  being  related  to  each  other  in  the  same  degree  as  is 
the  fauna  of  our  Atlantic  slope  to  that  of  die  Pacific  slope.  At  the  zone 
of  contact  between  the  North  American  fauna  and  that  of  Mexico  the 
conditions  are  as  follows  :  The  ocean  current  along  the  Pacific  coast  of 
North  America  runs  from  north  to  south,  thus  facilitating  the  spread  of 
more  northern  species  southward.  It  loses  its  force  and  disappears 
before  reaching  southern  California  and  thus  the  North  American  launa 
along  the  coast  does  not  come  into  contact  with  that  of  the  Mexican 
coast.  On  the  mainland  we  find  between  CaUfornia  and  the  largest 
portion  of  Arizona  on  the  one  side  and  Mexico  on  the  other,  a  broad 
tract  of  the  most  barren  and  sterile  country  *  which  proves  to  be  a  most 
effectual  barrier  between  the  two  faunal  regions.  Farther  east,  and 
more  especially  along  the  Rio  Grande,  a  complete  intermingling  of  the 
two  faunas  takes  place  in  such  a  way  that  species  of  all  families  partici- 
pate in  this  intermingling.  It  it  thus  impossible  to  decide  whether  a 
collection  of  insects  comes  from  Texas  or  the  State  of  Tamaulipas,   or 

*  See  Dr.  G.  H.  Horn's  "Notes  on  the  '  Biulot^ia  Centrali-Americana,' "  Trans. 
Anier.  Ent.  Soc,  Vol.  XIII,   Month.  Proc,  p.  VII. 


— 168— 

whether  it  comes  from  southern  New  Mexico,  from  south-eastern 
Arizona,  or  from  Sonora.  The  Morrison  collection,  for  instance,  has 
been  distributed  among  North  American  entomologists  as  coming  from 
south-eastern  Arizona  and  is  worked  up  in  the  "  I-)it)logia  Centrali- 
Americana"  as  coming  from  Sonora,  Mex. 

Returning  to  Florida  and  the  West  Indies  we  find  a  quite  different 
state  of  affairs.  Florida  is  apparently  well  separated  from  Cuba,  the 
nearest  of  the  West  Indian  islands,  by  an  ocean  which,  at  its  narrowest 
place,  is  90  miles  wide.  In  realty,  however,  this  wide  arm  of  the  ocean 
does  nut  separate  but  c>innects  the  West  Indies  with  Florida  ;  in  lact  it 
is  not  an  ocean  but  the  mightiest  river  on  this  globe,  with  a  strong 
current  :  in  short  it  is  the  Gulf  stream.  As  everyone  kmiws,  the  valleys 
of  large  streams  are  most  favorable  for  distributing  different  faunas. 
Take  the  Mississippi  River  ior  instance  :  it  has  often  been  pointed  out 
that  along  its  banks  and  its  valley  the  fauna  and  flora  of  the  Southern 
States  extends  well  up  into  the  Norihern  States  as  far  as  Iowa  and 
Nebraska,  while  the  current  of  the  river  constantly  carries  numerous 
species  of  northern  plants  and  insects  into  the  Southern  States.  The 
Gulf  stream  has  neither  banks  nor  a  valley  and  a  distribution  or  migra- 
tion against  the  current  or  up  stream  is  not  possible  but  a  distribution 
with  the  current  takes  place  as  in  any  other  large,  river.  The  result  is 
that  Floridian  insects  and  plants  cannot  migrate  southward  into  the 
West  Indies,  while  numerous  species  of  West  Indian  plants  and  insects 
are  easily  carried  with  the  current  on  to  the  shores  of  Florida  where  the 
insects  find  a  permanent  lodgement  because  their  original  food-plants 
have  also  established  themselves  at  the  same  place. 

In  looking  for  the  original  home  of  this  colony  of  West  Indian  in- 
sects and  plants  we  have  been  hitherto  too  much  accustomed  ta  con- 
sider the  island  of  Cuba  as  the  only  place  from  which  this  immigration 
has  taken  place.  In  the  task  of  determining  my  South  Floridian  Co- 
leoptera  it  was  found  over  and  over  again  that  these  immigrants  may 
have  been  described  not  only  from  Cuba,  but  from  any  other  of  the 
West  Indian  islands,  or  from  the  Central  American  continent  south  of 
Yucatan,  or  even  from  Columbia  and  Venezuela — in  other  words  from 
all  parts  of  Central  America  which  come  under  the  influence  of  the  Gulf 
stream.  As  can  be  seen  from  any  physical  atlas,  the  warm  equatorial 
current  enters  the  Caribbean  sea  through  the  Windward  Islands  and  at- 
taining by  this  contraction  a  considerable  velocity  forms  the  Gulf  stream 
which  flows  between  the  southernmost  chain  of  the  West  Indies  and 
the  Leeward  Islands  and  strikes  the  Central  American  continent,  flow- 
ing northward  along  the  coast.  Deflected  by  the  projecting  peninsula 
of  Yucatan,  the  stream  turns  eastward  and  reaches  the  coast  of  Cuba 


— 169 — 

and  the  southernmost  part  of  Flori(hi.  Thus  the  West  Indian  colony 
of  insects  in  Florida  may  come  from  any  part  of  this  vast  area  swept  by 
the  Gulf  stream,  although  the  largest  proportion  comes  of  course  from 
Cuba  since  this  island  is  the  nearest  to  Florida.  This  immigration  by 
the  aid  of  the  Gulf  stream  explains  the  following  interesting  phenomenon 
in  geographical  distribution.  We  have  seen  that  insects  from  the  coast 
of  Central  America  south  of  Yucatan  may  occur  in  Southern  Florida  ; 
but  the  same  species  often  had  the  power  of  extending  their  geographi- 
cal distribution  northward  on  the  Central  American  mamland  through 
Mexico,  thus  reaching  the  south-western  limits  of  the  United  States. 
Certain  species  may  occur,  therefore,  in  the  United  States,  in  Western 
Texas  or  South-eastern  New  Mexico  and  in  Southern  Florida,  being 
however,  absent  in  the  intervenmg  Southern  States,  viz  :  Eastern  Texas, 
Louisiana.  Alabama,  Georgia,  and  Northern  and  Central  Florida.  This 
curious  distribution  has  never  been  pointed  out  so  far  as  I  am  aw-are 
but  can  be  exemplified  by  numerous  species,  not  only  among  the  Co- 
leoptera  but  also  other  Orders  of  insects. 

The  distance  between  Cuba  and  Florida  is  not  very  great,  the  current 
of  the  Gulf  stream  is  very  swift,  and  logs  and  other  debris  swept  out  to 
sea  from  the  rivers  of  Cuba  may  reach  the  coast  of  Florida  within  three 
or  four  days  ;  from  Yucatan  in  about  double  that  time.  It  is  evident 
that  within  this  short  time  all  such  insects  may  safely  be  carried  from  the 
West  Indies  to  Florida  which,  in  the  imago  or  praeparatory  stages,  live 
under  bark,  or  within  the  wood  of  trees,  or  within  seeds  and  similar 
slieltered  conditions,  or  whose  eggs  are  firmly  attached  to  trees  and  cover- 
ed with  viscous  liquid.  But  it  is  evident  that  this  sea  voyage  is  too  long 
for  all  such  insects  as  do  not  live  in  such  sheltered  positions.  As  a  con- 
sequence, all  adephagous  Coleoptera,  further  all  those  living  under  old 
leaves,  in  the  ground,  in  very  rotten  wood  and  similar  places,  and  finally 
most  of  the  CbrysomelidcB  which  lay  their  eggs  either  on  to  the  leaves  or 
in  the  ground  are  not  brought  over  from  the  West  Indies.  There  are, 
therefore,  no  West  Indian  Carabidce,  Lampyrida,  Staphylinidce  and  other 
rhypophagous  Clavicorn  families  and  very  few^  West  Indian  ScarabccidcB 
and  Chiysomelidir  to  be  found  in  Southern  Florida.*  This  is  a  most 
characteristic  feature  of  the  semitropical  Coleopterous  fauna  of  Florida, 
strikingly  contrasting  with  the  state  of  affairs  in  the  south-western  ex- 
tremity of  North  America.  I  have  stated  before  that  along  the  Texan 
and  New  Mexican  frontier  there  is  a  perfect  intermingling  of  the  North 

*  The  absence  of  fresh  water  in  the  coral  region  of  the  Keys  and  tlie  mainland 
south  of  Miami  River  necessitates  the  absence  of  Dytiscidie  and  most  other  aquatic  or 
semi-aquatic  families.  Even  the  Everglades  and  the  rivers  draining  the  same  at  the 
northern  end  of  Biscayne  Bay  seem  to  be  almost  destitute  of  acquatic  Coleoptera. 


—  IJO— 

and  Central  American  faunas  so  that  it  is  impossible  to  decide  whether  a 
miscellaneous  collection  of  Coleoptera  comes  from  Western  Texas  or  the 
adjacent  parts  of  IMexico.  A  miscellaneous  collection,  consisting  nnly 
of  about  loo  species  but  made  promiscuously  in  semitropical  Florida  can 
at  a  glance  be  distinguished  from  a  similar  collection  made  in  Cuba  or 
any  other  part  of  the  West  Indies.  Further,  the  peculiar  composition  of 
this  fauna  at  once  precludes  the  assumption  that  nny  agencies  other  than 
the  current  of  the  Gulf  stream  could  have  been  active  in  assisting  the  im- 
migration from  the  West  Indies. 

To  find  out  the  geographical  extent  of  this  semitropical  fauna  in 
Florida  was  the  chief  object  of  my  trip  and  since  I  was  fortunate  enough 
to  transverse  the  whole  length  of  the  region  to  be  taken  into  consitlerat.on, 
I  have  been  able  to  contribute  to  the  solution  of  this  question.  But  long 
before  I  got  through  with  my  trip  I  had  come  to  the  conclusion  that  in 
the  course  of  my  first  expeditions  to  Floritla  in  the  \ears  1875  and  1876 
I  had  been,  in  the  vicinity  of  Fort  Capron  and  other  points  on  the  Indian 
River,  in  the  very  midst  of  this  West  Indian  colony  of  insects  without 
capturing  any  of  them,  except,  accidentally,  a  few  stray  specimens.  I 
feel  quite  sure  that  my  companions  and  myself  passed  then  within  a  few- 
yards  of  places  where  we  might  have  collected  scores  of  species  belonging 
to  this  semitropical  fauna.  But  at  that  lime  we' did  not  know  anything 
about  the  peculiar  mode  of  occurrence  of  this  fauna.  Some  years  later, 
Mr.  H.  G.  Hubbard  instituted  a  careful  search  at  several  points  on  the 
narrow  strip  of  land  lying  between  the  ocean  and  the  Indian  River  between 
Capron  and  Jupiter  inlet.  He  found  then  for  the  first  time  quite  a  num- 
ber of  these  species  which  I  now  recognize  as  West  Indian  immigrants. 
All  these  occured  exclusively  in  small  and  isolated  thickets  of  hammock 
land  found  at  wide  intervals  in  the  dense  shrubbery  back  of  the  ocean 
beach.  INIr.  Hubbard  recognized  several  trees  composing  these  thickets 
as  West  Indian  species,  but  the  relation  of  the  insects  to  this  flora  was  at 
that  time  not  fully  recognized,  and  some  of  the  more  striking  species 
found  by  Mr  Hubbard  were  shortly  afterwards  described  by  Dr.  Leconte 
as  belonging  to  the  Floridian  fauna. 

IMost  of  the  more  southern  Keys  are  covered  with  semitropical 
forest,  i.  e.  forest  composed  of  West  Indian  trees,  while,  as  I  stated  be- 
fore, the  true  Floridian  fauna  and  flora  are  almost  entirely  absent.  I'hese 
islands  are,  therefore,  by  no  means  favorable  to  a  study  of  the  relation  of 
the  semitropical  to  the  true  Floridian  fauna.  However,  a  stay  of  a  few 
weeks  on  the  shores  of  Biscayne  Bay  fully  sufficed  to  settle  this  question. 
Here  as  well  as  on  the  mainland  farther  south  and  the  northernmost 
Keys  (Key  Largo  and  Elliott's  Key)  the  Floridian  flora  largely  infringes 
upon  the  semitropical  forest  and  reduces  the  same  to  smaller  or  larger 


—  171  — 

islaiui-like  patches  lying  close  to  the  shore  or  occupying  similary  isolated 
patches  on  the  shore  of  the  P^verglades  and  the  few  islands  in  the  Ever- 
glade-^. The  bulk  of  the  mainland  is  covered  by  pine  woods*  with  an 
undergrowth  composed  almost  entirely  of  true  Floridian  plants.  There 
are  (uither  vast  stretches  of  what  is  called  "the  prairie,"  /.  e.  land  quite 
recently  formed,  partly  by  the  accumulation  of  seaweeds  swept  ashore  by 
the  waves,  and  partly  by  the  advance  of  the  Mangroves.  This  prairie  is 
covered  with  the  same  lierbaceous  vegetation  which  we  see  in  similar 
places  in  Central  Florida  and  does  not  contain  a  single  semitropical 
plant.  Even  the  hammock  is  invaded  by  several  true  Floridian  trees  : 
the  Eive  Oaks,  several  Palmettos,  the  Hackberry  and  others  make  their 
appearance  and,  on  higher  ground  we  find  plenty  of  Persea  carolinensis. 
Now  on  all  these  trees,  m  the  pine  woods  and  on  the  prairie,  in  short 
wherever  there  is  the  Floridian  flora  we  meet  the  true  Floridian  insect 
fauna  whereas  the  semitropical  fauna  is  confined  to  the  semitropical 
forest.**  This  fact  once  recognized,  it  becomes  evident  that  the  north- 
ward extent  ot  this  fauna  is  identical  with  that  of  the  semitropical  forest, 
a  fact  fully  borne  out  by  subsequent  experience. 

\\  e  have  seen  that  the  semitropical  forest  occupies  the  chain  of  the 
Ke\s  and  island-like  spots  on  the  shores  of  Biscayne  Bay  and  farther 
south  on  the  mainland.  North  of  Miami  River  the  coral  formation 
rapidly  sinks  below  the  level  of  the  ground  and  the  land  is  covered  with 
vast  stretches  of  Mangrove  and  saw-grass  swamps  until  it  is  lost  into  the 
Everglades.  The  semitropical  forest  is  no  longer  to  be  found  here  but  it 
is  continued  northward  in  a  remarkable  way  on  the  narrow  and  sandy 
coast  strip  beginning  with  Cape  Florida.  Here  we  meet  for  the  first  time 
with  the  semitropical  maritime  flora  in  its  fullest  development.  It  covers 
as  a  dense  shrubbery  the  land  back  of  the  beach  ;  but  to  my  surprise  I 
was  unable  to  discover  any  peculiar  Coleoptera  on  this  flora  although  in 
Hemiptera  I  found  here  quite  a  number  of  the  most  striking  species. 
But  in  the  very  midst  of  this  shrubbery,  at  a  distance  of  from  2 — 300 
yards  from  the  beach,  there  occur  little  patches  of  the  semitropical  forest, 
these  patches  being  only  about  one  acre   in  size,    rarely  larger  and  often 


*  While  it  is  true  that  the  Pine  of  Southern  Florida,  Finns  cuhensis^  is  also  of 
West  Indian  origin,  its  distribution  in  Florida  is  quite  different  from  the  rest  of  the 
semitropical  flora  and  its  introduction  evidently  of  a  very  ancient  date.  Its  fauna 
does  not  differ  from  that  of  the  Yellow  Pine  (P.  palustris) . 

**  There  is,  in  addition,  in  Southern  Florida  a  maritime  fauna  of  semitropical 
character  but  the  number  of  species  composing  the  same  (about  12  in  Coleoptera)  is 
so  small  that  it  is  hardly  worth  while  considering.  Its  northern  extent  is  still  uncer- 
tain but  it  is  safe  to  say  that  on  the  eastern  coast,  it  does  not  reach  beyond  Musquito 
Inlet  at  New  Smyrna. 


—  172— 

smaller  but  always  widely  distant  from  each  other  and  difficult  to  find  in 
the  high  and  dense  shrubbery  of  the  maritime  flora.  At  Lake  Worth, 
about  lOO  miles  north  of  Cape  Florida  the  semitropical  forest  attains  a 
most  unusual  development  extending  for  8  or  9  miles  on  the  narrow 
space  between  the  lake  and  the  sea.  In  their  northward  extent  along  the 
Indian  River  these  semitropical  thickets  become  smaller  and  scarcer,  one 
species  after  another  of  the  semitropical  trees  disappears  and  with  their 
food-plants  the  semitropical  insects  become  gradually  scarcer  in  individuals 
as  well  as  species.  Before  reaching  Cape  Canaveral  this  peculiar  fauna 
and  flora  may  be  said  to  have  disappeared.  I  desire  to  emphasize  here 
once  more  as  one  of  the  principal  characteristics  of  ttiis  flora  and  fauna, 
that  north  of  the  Everglades  they  nowhere  appear  inland  but  always  close 
to  the  shore.  Even  along  the  inner  bank  of  the  Indian  River  there  are — 
or  rather  were — but  a  very  few  spots  covered  with  semitropical  forest, 
viz  :  on  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Lucie  and  Sebastian  Rivers,  at  the  southern 
end  of  Merritt's  Island  and  perhaps  some  others  ;  but  they  are  now 
mostly  destroyed  by  cultivation. 

What  I  have  hitherto  said  of  the  extent  of  the  semuropical  fauna 
refers  only  to  the  eastern  and  south-eastern  coast  of  Florida.  I  know 
nothing  from  personal  experience  how  far  north  this  fauna  extends  on  the 
western  coast.*  In  fact  the  south-western  part  of  Florida  south  of  the 
Caloosahatchee  River  is  at  present  the  most  unknown  and  least  accessible 
portion  of  the  whole  United  States  and,  entomolo.yically,  still  terra  in- 
cognita.  I  rely  here  entirely  on  a  statement  by  Prof.  C.  S.  Sargent  pub- 
lished in  his  "Report  on  the  forests  of  North  America"**  and  quote  it 
herewith  ;  but  I  wish  to  say  that  long  before  I  saw  it  I  had  worked  out 
from  my  own  experience  and  with  the  aid  of  Mr.  Hubbard's  notes  the 
extent  of  the  semitropical  fauna  and  flora  along  the  south-eastern  coast. 
Says  Prof.  Sargent:  "A  group  of  arborescent  species  of  West  Indian 
origin  occupies  the  narrow  strip  of  coast  and  islands  of  Southern  Florida. 
This  belt  of  semitropical  vegetation  is  confined  to  the  immediate  neigh- 
borhood of  the  coast  and  to  occasional  hammocks  or  islands  of  high 
ground  situated  in  the  savannahs  which  cover  a  great  portion  of  Southern 
Florida,  checking,  by  the  nature  of  the  soil  and  want  of  drainage,  the 
spread  of  forest  growth  across  the  peninsula.  This  semitropical  forest 
belt  reaches  Cape  Malabar  on  the  east,  and  the  shores  of  Tampa  Bay  on 
the  west  coast,  while  some  of  its  representatives  extend  fully  two  degrees 


*  The  distribution  of  semitropical  insects  on  the  western  coast  is  facilitated  by  a 
counter  current  which,  originating  at  Cape  Florida,  runs  in  a  south-westerly  direction 
between  the  Keys  and  the  mainland  to  Cape  Sable,  thence  northward  along  the 
coast. 

**  Tenth  Census  of  the  United  States,  Vol.  IX,   1884,  p.  6. 


—  1/3- 

farthcr  noilli.  Il  is  rich  in  cmiiposition  ;  nearly  a  (juarter  of  all  the 
arborescent  species  (.jftlic  Atlantic  forest  are  found.within  this  insignificant 
region. " 

In  these  few  wortls  the  extent  of  the  semiiropical  insect  fauna  is  also 
sketched,  but  Prof  Sargent  omits  to  emphasize  the  island-like  distribution 
of  the  semitropical  forest  which  as  a  matter  of  course  exists  on  the  Keys 
but  is  maintained  tliroughout  on  the  mainland. 

This  distribiinon  of  the  semitropical  fauna  uhich  surrounds,  like  a 
necklace  of  pearls  by  far  the  largest  portion  of  the  penincula  of  Floriila 
is  certainlx-  a  mo'-t  remarkable  one,  and  lias,  1  think,  no  parallel  in  any 
odier  Country  oi  ihe  gkibe. 

Id  a  f)aper  read  at  the  March  (iS88)  meeting  of  the  Kntomological 
Society  of  Washington,  Mr.  Uhler,  while  speaking  on  the  Hemiptera  col- 
lected l)y  my>ell  in  souih-eastern  Florida,  stated  that  the  present  Hemip- 
terous  fauna  of  Ntirih  Auieiica  IS  largely  derived  from  the  neo-tropical 
fauna,  ami  that  the  comparatively  few  leally  nearctic  forms  in  Southern 
Floiida  have  a  hard  snuggle  with  the  invaders  from  the  South.  His  first 
assertion  is  undoubtedly  correct  and  holds  true  also  of  the  other  Orders 
ofmsects;  but  ?*Ir.  Uhler  omits  lo  state  that  the  immigration  to  which 
he  refers  and  which  shaped  the  character  of  the  present  fauna  of  the  North 
American  continent,  took  place  at  a  very  remote  age,  viz  :  at  the  end  of 
the  Ice  period,  long  before  ttiere  existed  a  Southern  Florida.  The  settle- 
ment of  West  Indian  plants  and  insects  which  has  been  the  subject  of 
my  communication  is,  geologically  speaking,  of  quite  recent  date  and, 
in  fact,  is  still  going  on.  This  West  Indian  colony  occupies,  as  we  have 
seen,  a  very  modest  place  in  Florida  and  certainly  does  not  infringe  upon 
or  contend  with  the  continental  foims.  Some  species  have  acquired,  and 
some  others  no  doubt  will  acquire  the  power  to  change  their  food-habits 
and  extend  their  geographical  range  northward,  but  the  majority  will  re- 
main confined  to  the  isolated  spots  covered  by  the  semitroi)ical  forest 
and  will  never  compete  with  the  North  American  forms.  Yes,  this  semi- 
tropical  flora  and  fauna  stands  even  in  imminent  danger  of  being  con- 
siderably restricted  by  the  agency  of  Man  since  the  hammock  land,  on 
account  of  its  rich  soil,  is  rapidly  brought  under  cultivation.  Thus  the 
once  famous  semitropical  hammock  of  Lake  Worth  will  have  entirely  dis- 
ap})eared  ere  long. 

During  my  stay  on  the  shores  of  Biscayne  Bay  I  witnessed  myself 
the  destruction  by  cultivation  of  some  of  the  prettiest  pieces  of  semitrop- 
ical hammock  land,  "and  if  on  the  island  of  Key  West  the  building  boom, 
which  flourished  at  the  time  of  my  visit,  holds  on  for  only  three  or  four 
years,  not  the  slightest  trace  will  then  be  left  of  the  hammock,  and  the 
semitropical  insect  fauna  of  that  island  will  be  a  thing  of  the  past.      Still, 


—174— 

there  is  no  clanger  that  this  niuna  will  become  entirely  extinct  in  Southern 
Florida,  since  many  spots  covered  with  semitropical  forest  are  siiuaied  in 
the  most  inhospitable  and  inaccessible  parts  of  the  country  which  will 
never  have  any  attraction  to  the  settler. 

One  moie  question  remains  to  be  briefly  touched,  viz  :  What  shall 
we  do  with  these  colonies  of  semitropical  insects  in  the  south-western  and 
south-eastern  extremities  of  our  country  ?  Shall  we  include  them  in  the 
lists  of  North  American  insects  or  shall  we  exclude  them  therefrom? 
From  the  standpoint  of  systematic  Entomoloi;)-  it  would  no  doubt  be  ad- 
vantageous to  include  as  much  as  possible  or  the  whole  of  the  semitrop- 
ical faunas  since  the  s\stematic  position  of  many  miw  isolated  species  or 
genera  or  higher  groups  could  then  be  established  in  a  much  tp.ore  satis- 
factory way  than  it  is  possible  from  the  study  of  the  North  American  fauna 
alone.  Some  of  our  authors,  dealing  with  whole  Ortlers  of  insects,  have 
indeed  included  this  sen.itropical  fauna,  e.  .^.  Dr.  Hagen  in  his 
Synopsis  of  the  Neuroptera  of  North  Anieric;i,  Baron  Osten-Sacken  in 
his  Catalogue  of  Diptera,  and  Mr.  Uhler  in  his  Check  List  of  Hemiptera, 
These  authors  could  do  so,  however,  without  much  inconvenience  since 
the  material  at  their  commantl  from  Central  America  and  the  West  Indies 
was  very  limited  as  to  the  number  of  species.  Iftlieyhad  now  the  im- 
mense material  from  the  continent  of  Central  America  that  has  been  ac- 
cumulated by  the  entei  prise  and  energy  of  the  editors  of  the  "  Biologia 
Centrali-Americana"  they  would  no  longer  include  the  Central  American 
fauna  into  a  Monograph  or  Catalogue  of  North  American  insects,  for  the 
the  simple  reason  that  the  true  North  American  fauna  would  then  appear 
as  an  insignificant  appendix  to  the  much  richer  fauna  of  the  Semitropics. 
The  fauna  of  the  West  Indies  is  as  yet  but  very  imperfectly  known  ;  but 
it  is  safe  to  say  that,  although  poorer  than  the  Central  American  fauna, 
the  number  of  its  species  also  exceeds  that  of  the  North  American  con- 
tinent. 

This  inclusion  would,  in  Coleoptera  alone,  involve  the  addition  of 
at  least  20,000  species.  Our  systematists  would  thus  be  utterly  over- 
whelmed by  this  abundance  of  material,  and,  moreover,  after  this  in- 
clusion we  would  be  in  the  same  trouble  as  before,  since  there  is  again 
no  dividing  line  between  the  Central  American  faunas  and  the  adjacent 
portions  of  the  tropical  fauna  of  South  America.  This  inclusion  is,  there- 
fore, impracticable  but  so  is  also  a  wholesale  exclusion,  for  the  reason 
that  the  many  semitropical  species  found  along  our  south-western  frontier 
and  the  few  species  that  were  hitherto  known  of  the  West  Indian  colony 
in  Florida,  have  already  been  included  into  our  own-  fauna,  and  it  would 
cause  considerable  confusion  and  inconvenience  to  exclude  them  again 
from  our  lists  and  synopses.      Moreover,  a  portion  of  these  species  have 


—175— 

acquired  a  more   or  less  wide  distribution   in   our  Southern  States  and 
could,  therefore,  be  still  less  conveniently  excluded. 

Thus  some  intermediate  way  must  be  found  to  deal  with  this  semi- 
tropical  colony.  Mr.  J.  B,  Smith,  in  a  recent  paper  in  the  Entomologica 
Americana  proposes  to  admit  only  such  species  as  are  found  breeding 
within  our  territory  and  to  reject  all  temporary  visitors.  This  would  ad- 
mit, so  far  as  the  Coleoptera  are  concerned,  the  whole  fauna  of  the  semi- 
tropical  forest  of  Southern  Florida  which  has  been  the  subject  of  this 
communication.  I  am  fully  in  accord  with  Mr.  Smith  though  I  can 
foresee  that  there  will  be  considerable  dissent  among  Entomologists,  and 
especially  Lepidopterists,  whether  certain  species  are  to  be  considered  as 
perinanenc  residents  or  temporary  visitors.  Still  I  would  like  to  add  an- 
other restriction,  viz  :  to  exclude  also  all  such  species  which  add  a  strange 
or  disturbing  element  into  the  classification  of  North  American  insects. 
Under  disturbing  elements  I  understand  all  such  species  or  genera  which 
in  their  characters  contrast  more  or  less  strongly  with  those  of  the  nearest 
North  American  species  or  genera  and  which  would  thus  occupy  a  more 
or  lei-s  isolated  position  in  our  monographs  and  synopses.* 


Dr.  Riley  remarked  that  he  thought  there  was  little  room  for  differ- 
ence of  opinion  regarding  the  exclusion  of  West  Indian  species  from  the 
Floridan  fauna.  We  can  no  more  exclude  them  from  consideration  than 
the  ^Mexican  species  in  Southern  California.  As  we  extend  our  realm  we 
are  obliged  to  recognize  additional  forms  as  connected  with  the  fauna  of 
the  United  States.  The  United  States  does  not  have  a  natural  geograph- 
ical limit  and  embraces  portions  of  different  great  faunal  regions.  Where 
the  presence  only  of  species  has  been  recorded  they  should  be  included 
in  our  lists  simply  as  visitors  and  when  breeding  here  as  residents. 

Mr.  Fletcher  asked  what  the  object  could  be  in  excluding  them.  He 
thought  the  occurence  of  a  species  in  our  territoiy  sufiicient  reason  to  in- 
clude it  in  our  faunal  list.  As  information  might  be  at  any  moment  re- 
quired concerning  its  habits.  There  was  no  difficulty  in  indicating  in 
such  lists  that  it  was  an  accidental  visitor. 

Mr.  Bethune  cited  cases  in  Canada,  where  some  essentially  Southern 
insects  occur  as  Aletia  argillacea,   Erebus  odora,    Sphinx  ello,    etc.      He 

*  For  the  benefit  of  those  who  have  the  opportunity  of  studying  the  fauna  of  our 
south-western  frontier  I  append  here  the  following  statement  by  Prof.  C.  S.  Sargent 
(Report  on  the  forest  trees  of  N.  A.,  p.  6),  as  it  may  help  to  throw  some  light  on  the 
distribution  of  Mexican  forms  in  Western  Texas  :  "  The  Mexican  forest  belt  of  Texas 
extends  from  the  valley  of  the  Colorado  River,  near  the  98th  msr'dian  to  the  Rio 
Grande.  It  touches  the  coast  not  far  from  the  Nueces  River  and  extends  to  the  eastern 
base  of  the  mountain  ranges  west  of  the  Pecos  ;  here  the  species  of  which  it  is  com- 
posed mingle  with  those  peculiar  to  the  Pacific-Mexican  forest." 


— 176 —  ^""i 

would  not  omit  them    altogether  but   admit    them   as   visitors.      In  the 

Florida  fauna  he  thought  it  would    be    best    to    include   all  found  there.  '. 

He  was  of  the  opinion  that  any  difficult}'  might  be  obviated  by  writers  of  | 

Monographs  stating  on  their  title-pages  that   they   treated    of  the  insects  J 
inhabiting  the  Northern  temperate  region  of  the  U.  S.    rather   than    "the 

U.  S.  north  of  Mexico"  as  is  now  customary.  i 

Mr,  Howard  believed  it  best  to  separate  mere  captures   from   faunal  j| 

lists  which  should  be  based  on  residence  of  a  species,  and  inquired  how  j 

such  species  could  be  a  disturbing  element  in  monographic  works.  \ 

Mr.  Schwarz  replied  that  they  represent  groups  of  genera  or  species  > 

which  have  their  nearest  allies  in  the  semitropics  but   not  in   our  fauna.  \ 

It  is  important  to  recognize  them  as  belonging  to  a  tropical  fauna.   Faunal  i 

limits  are  often  very  sharply  drawn  and  we  should  exercise  more  care  in  \ 

defining  such  limits.  I 

Mr.  Smith  stated  that  he  agreed   in    the    main    with    I\Ir.    Schwarz.  j 

There  is  a  difference  in  the  semitrojiical  and  north  temperate  fauna?,  some  i 

small  part  of  our  fauna  belongs  to  semitropical  but  nearly  all  to  the  North  -r 

temperate.    There  is  no  distinction  between  the  United  Slates  and  Canada  1 

but  there  is  a  very  distinct  difference  between   north  temperate  and  semi-  1 

tropical  faunce.      He  would  not  exclude  Mexican  from   American  insects  1 

when  they  belong  to  the  north  temperate  fauna.     He  thought  we  should  i 

define  not    the    fauna  of  a  political  boundary  but   that  of  a  zoological  ) 

boundary.  5 

Dr.  Riley  remarked  that  the  trouble  is  there  is  no  definite  boundary.  ; 

The  people  of  this  country  desire  to  study  insects  occurring  in  the  country,  | 

no  matter  what  their  relationship  outside.      Include  them   in  our  faunal  1 

studies  but  indicate  their  relations.    In  short,  do  with  them  as  Mr.  Schwarz  \ 

has  done  in  making  a  special  study  of  iheir  limits.  .  1 

Mr.  Osborn  remarked  that  species  of  one  fauna  so  lap  over  into  the  j 

region  of  another  that  it  is  difficult  to  draw   a    line    between    zoological  ;< 

regions.      Intermediate  forms  may  occupy  nearly  equal  territory  in  con-  -.. 

tiguous  faunal   regions.      It    is    important    that    these    intruding   species  -, 

should  be  included,  jjcrhaps  with  special  note,    for  the  very  purpose  of  ': 
indicating  their  extreme  limits. 

Dr.  Riley  suggested   the  practical   question,    should    a    resident  of 

Florida  expect  to  find  such  species  mentioned  in  a  work  on  Florida  in-  ' 
sects  or  must  h#  search  in  foreign  works  for  them. 

Dr.  Peabody  asked  if  the  tropic  of  Cancer  is  a  dead  wall  separating  ^ 

north  temperate  from   tropical  forms.      He   believed   fixed    lines   do   not  j 

exist  in  nature.  I 

Mr.  Smith  said  in  certain  species  limitation    is  fixed   by   food-plant  ■ 

and  that  may  be  fixed  by  temperature  as  a  wall.  J| 


—177— 

Mr.  Fletcher  remarked  thai  zoo-geographical  lines  are  not  strictlv 
drawn  like  territorial  boundaries  but  that  such  papers  as  the  one  by  Mr. 
Schwarz  are  great  helps  in  defining  their  hmits. 

IMr.  Howard  slated  that  in  the  Coccidce  a  student  would  find  re- 
presentatives of  the  Australasian,  Asiatic  and  European  faunoe  as  well  as 
the  American  represented  here.  This  is  an  extreme  case,  but  can  we 
omit  such  species  from  monographic  works  .' 

Dr.  Riley  considered  that  introduced  species  become  fiimly  establish- 
ed in  our  fauna  and  must  be  included  in  all  monographic  treatment. 

Mr.  Smith  said  the  CoccidiV  follow  their  food-plants  when  introduced 
and  as  they  become  established  must  be  considered  as  part  of  our  native 
fauna. 

Mr.  Westcott  described  a  moth-trap  by  means  of  black-board 
figures  and  answered  numerous  questions  as  to  its  construction. 

The  Club  then  proceeded  to  the  election  of  Officers  for  ihe  ensuing 
year  which  resulted  as  follows  :  President,  James  Fletcher,  Ottawa, 
Canada ;  Vice-President,  L.  O.  Howard,  Washmgion,  D.  C. ;  Secretary. 
D.  S.  Kellicott,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

On  motion  the  Club  adjourned  si?ie  die. 

Herbfrt  Osborx,    Sccre/<iry. 


"A  Monograph  of  the  Sphingidae  of  North  America, 

North  of  Mexico.      Bv  John  B.   Smith." 

By  Prof.   C.    H.    Fernald. 

The  above  is  the  title  of  a  very  valuable  paper  in  the  Transactions  of 
the  American  Entomological  Society,  Vol.  XV,  consisting  of  194  pages 
and  10  plates  of  structural  details.  After  a  pretty  thorough  characteriza- 
tion of  the  family,  in  which  the  genitalia  are  described  and  published  for 
the  first  time,  so  far  as  I  know,  Mr.  Smith  gives  a  comparatively  full 
history  of  the  publications  on  this  group,  from  the  lime  of  Linnaeus  down. 
In  this  I  fear  Mr.  Smith  has  been  too  much  governed  by  prejudices,  for 
the  work  of  Mr.  Grole  is  handled  without  gloves,  while  my  own  little 
paper  on  the  New  England  species  certainl}'  receives  too  great  commenda- 
tion. The  work  of  P.  Maassen  receives  no  greater  praise  than  it  probably 
deserves. 

The  subfamilies  Macroglossuue,  CfuFrocampime,  SphinguiLe  and 
SrnerinthincB  are  recognized  and  quite  full  characteristics  given,  but  the 
lines  of  demarkation  between  them  are  not  so  clear  but  that  some  of  the 
species  may  require  further  transj  osition.  Mr.  Smith  does  not  seem  to 
have  found  subfamily  characters  in  the  genitalia,  which  is  quite  remark- 
able since  the  Tortricidce,  in  their  genitalia,  furnish  subfamily,  generic, 
and  specific  characters. 


—178— 

Keves  are  given  for  the  determination  of  the  sub-families,  genera 
and  species,  which  will  prove  of  great  assistance.  The  genera  are  well 
characterized  and  the  history  of  the  name  discussed  more  or  less.  A 
complete  synonomy  of  each  species  is  given  and  a  full  description,  with 
the  habitat.  The  early  stages  are  not  given  but  references  are  made 
to  them. 

The  work  is  a  model  in  its  way,  and  a  similar  work  on  the  Noctiii- 
dce  would  be  a  god-send  to  American  entomologists.  A  few  typo- 
graphical errors  have  crept  in  which  will  doubtless  be  corrected.  By  a 
slip  of  the  pen  (or  types)  the  first  two  letters  of  the  generic  name  Aello- 
pos  are  contracted  into  a  diphthong  thus  doing  away  with  one  syllable, 
and  the  specific  name  '•Inscn'ptum'  should  be  in  the  feminine  form  to 
agree  with  that  of  the  genus  Deidamia  under  which  it  is  placed. 

Vlx.  Smith  rejects  the  generic  name  Phlegethonthis  and  adopts  the 
later  name  Protoparce,  because,  as  he  sa}S,  "Hubner's  term  is  not  one 
expressing  a  distinct  idea,  and  the  three  American  species  now  referred 
as  congeneric,  were  placed  in  three  distinct  coiti  by  him."  What  gen- 
eric name  over  twenty-five  years  old  in  any  department  of  zoology  can 
stand  under  this  ruling  !  It  has  been  the  work  of  modern  zoologists  to 
take  the  old  generic  names  and  selecting  some  species  under  each  as  a 
type,  bring  together  under  it  the  conspecific  names  and  thus  purify  them. 
Mr.  Smith  appears  to  have  an  especial  hatred  for  Hiibner,  but  unfortu- 
nately there  were  Hiibners  in  every  department  of  zoology,  so  that 
there  is  now  no  course  to  pursue  but  to  observe  the  rules  closely,  and 
treat  all  authors  alike,  for  unless  this  is  done,  some  later  writer  will 
overthrow  the  work.  Zoologists  have  formulated  and  cr^stalized  their 
ideas  on  nomenclature  very  much  within  the  last  ten  years  as  is  shown 
in  the  Code  of  the  American  Ornithologists'  Union. 

The  genus  Daremma  is  sunk  as  a  synonym  of  Ceraloma  which  I 
believe  to  be  correct.  I  could  find  no  satisfactory  characters  to  separate 
them  and  1  think  Mr.  Smith  is  right  in  writing  them.  The  system  of 
venation  adopted  is  that  used  by  the  entomologists  on  the  continent  of 
Europe  and  bv  most  of  the  English  and  Americans.  Dr.  Packard 
claims  that  this  method  is  unscientific  and  only  used  by  amateurs.  All 
I  have  to  say  on  this  point  now,  is  that  the  professionals  are  in  an  ex- 
ceedingly small  minority. 

At  the  close  is  given  a  List  of  the  Sphingidae  of  Temperate  North 
America,  which  introduces  some  few  changes  from  the  body  of  the 
book.  With  such  an  admirable  work  on  the  Sphingida?  we  can  aflbrd 
to  let  these  insects  take  a  long  breathing  spell. 


I 


—179— 

Partial  Preparatory  Stages  of  Dryopteryx  rosea,    W/k. 

By  Harrison  G.    Dvar. 

Rliinebcck,  N.  Y. 

■Egg. — Elliptical,  flattened  above  and  below,  8  mm.  long  and  4 
broad,  finely  punctured.  Color  white.  Laid  singl\,  or  in  t\\  os  or  threes 
on  either  surface  of  the  leaf.  When  more  than  one  is  laid  at  once  they 
are  in  a  line  in  the  direction  of  their  longest  diameters. 

Newly  hatched  larva. — Body  somewhat  wrinkled,  swelled  at  joint  2 
which  has  two  short  conical  processes.  A  single  process  on  top  of  joint 
4.  Body  terminates  in  a  single  prolongation.  Color  brown,  blackish 
laterally.  Head  rounded  and  black.  Head  and  body  thinly  covered 
with  very  short  and  whitish  hairs.  The  larva  eats  the  upper  half  of  the 
leaf  at  the  t(\gQ,  resting  on  this  portion  which  becomes  withered  and 
brown,  much  resembling  the  color  of  the  insect  at  this  stage. 

After  1st  moult.- — Transversely  wrinkled,  four  wimkles  tn  each  joint. 
and  roughened  with  numerous  small  yellowi>h  points.  C'olor  vtilowish 
dorsally,  l-rownish  laterally;  two  conical  processes  e>n  joint  2,  one  on 
joint  4.      Head  notcheti  on  to]),  roughened.      Color  brown. 

A/ier  2nd  moult.— Sun\\ar  to  the  preceeding.  The  larva  now  feeds 
on  the  entire  leaf,  but  when  not  feeding  rests  on  the  witheied  portion 

A/ter  jrd  moult. — Color  more  even  uniform  brown  but  lighter  dors- 
ally,  ilie  lateral  color  extending  upwaid  on  joint  8.  1  he  yellowish  points 
are  now  very  numerous. 

A//er  4th  moult. — Similar,  but  nearly  uniform  biown,  the  head  a 
little  lighter  and  a  narrow  blackish  dorsal  line.  Head  surmounted  by 
two  conical  processes,  the  process  on  joint  4  rather  shorter  in  proportion 
than  before,  but  the  prolongation  to  the  last  segment  one-third  as  long 
as  the  body.      Body  wrinkled  as  in  the  previous  stages  and  rough. 

After  this  moult  the  larvae  become  lethargic  and  hybernate,  resting 
on  the  stem  of  the  plant.  They  spin  a  very  slight  web  on  the  bark  to 
which  they  cling.      Their  color  closely  resembles  that  of  the  bark. 

i\Ir.  CJrote  has  given  a  description  of  the  mature  larva  in  Canadian 
Entomologist,  Vol.  XIX,  p.  50.  There  are  probably  two  broods  of  the 
insect  in  a  season  as  the  moths  occur  in  June  and  August,  but  1  have  not 
found  any  larvaj  of  the  first  brood. 

Eood  plants  :    Mburnum  uni/olium  and    T.  lentago. 


NOTICE  TO  SUBSCRIBERS. 

The  next  number,  January,  18S9,  will  begin  Vol.  \,  and  the 
Volumes  thereafter  will  correspond  with  the  year.  Vol.  \'  will  be  com- 
posed of  12  numbers  for  which  the  usual  subscription  price  of  $2.00 
will  be  charged.  Subscribers  will  ver}-  much  oblige  the  Society  by  a 
prompt  remittance  for  the  Volume  to  the  treasurer,  Chris.  H.  Roberts, 
II  West  123rd  Street,  New  York. 


INDEX  TO  AUTHORS  AND  SUBJECTS. 


Aaron.  Eugene  M. 

1  Ifsperida?,  determinatiun  ot   142 

Ashmead,   Wm.  H. 

l)e^cn■plions  of  Florida  ('halcids  15 
(lenera  and  species  of  Eurytominre  41 
ClaM-ification  of  Hemiptera  6-5 
Crineric  Table  of  Chalcidina;  87 
Synopsis  of  Cicadcea  140 

Beutenmue'ler,  Wm. 

N.  A.  Tiiieida-  21) 

Food -plants  of  Lepidoptera  7r> 

Bollman,  Charles  H. 

Li>t  of  Myriaporla  ot  Arkansas  1 

Books  received  59,  100. 

Brooklyn  Ento.   Soc. 

Reports  of  Meetings  59,  80 

Bruce,  David. 

Larva  of  Gnophela  vermiculata  24 

Butler.  A.  G. 

Note  on  Bolina  fasciolaris  13 

Casey,   T.   L. 

Thoroughness  m  Entomological  Tables 

18,  97. 

Crane,  M.   S. 

Note  on  Eut^onia  alniaria  13 

Dietz.   Ottomar. 

Callida  pur|)urea  23 

Dury,  Charles. 

Elaterida;  of  Cincinnati  163 

Dyar,  Harrison  G. 

Dryopteryx  rosea,   larva  179 

Edwards,   Henry. 

Enproserpinus  euterpe  25 
Early  stages  of  N.  A.  Moths  (51 
Notes  on  Lepidoptera  63 

Entomological  Club  A.  A.  A.  S. 

Report  ot  Proceedings   101,    125,  145, 
165. 
Fernald,   C.  H. 

Monograph  of  Sphingidte,  Notice  of  177 
N.  A.>yralidre  37 
Notes  on  CrambidK  44 
The  genus  Diatrjea  119 
The  genus  Schoenobius  135 

Fernald,   H.  T. 

Erebus  odora  36 

Fletcher,  James. 

Canadian  collections  145 


Type  specimens  146 
Collecting   Expedition  to  North  Lake 
Superior  159 

Graef.  Edw.  L. 

Hyparpax  aurostriata  58 
Zeuzera  pyrina  162 

Grote,  A.  R. 

The  genus  Platythyris  73 
Species  of  Boarmia  98 
Cerathosia  tricolor  121 

Hagen,   H.  A. 

The  genus  Sympetrum  31 

Hamilton,  John. 

Thoroughness  in  Ento.  Tables  78 

Horn,  Geo.  H. 

Note  on  Chanopterus  48 

Hubbard,   H.   G 

Amphicerus  bicaiidatus  95 

Hulst,  Geo.  D. 

Book  Notices  38,  79,  99,  143,  160 
Notes  45,  47,  48,  63,  64,  79,  85 
Notes  onGeometridse  (No.  4)  49 
Faunal  limits  of  U.  S.   70 
Handling  wasps  without  harm  86 
New  genera  and  species  of Epipaschia; 
and  Phycitidfe  113 

Jiilich,  Wm. 

Phlivophagus  spadix  35 

Kellicott,  D.  S. 

llepialus  argentiomaculatus  153 

Liebeck,   Charles. 

Collecting  Notes  74 

Marx,  George. 

A  new  Spider  160 

Moeschler,   H.  B. 

A  more  wicked  worm  34 

Osborn,   Herbert. 
Aleurodes  147 

Pearsall,   R.   H. 

Scopelosoma  moftatiana  59 

Rivers,  J.  J. 

Aegeria  impropria  99 

Schaus,  Wm.,  Jr. 

Larva  of  Phassus  triangularis  64 

Schwarz,   E.  A. 

Insect   fauna   of  semitropical  Florida 
165 


i 


INDEX    TO     AUTHORS     AND    SUBJECTS. 


Smith,  John  B. 

Introiluctioii  to  classification  of  N.  A. 

L(.-pi(l()ptera  9,  27 
A  (lisclaiiner  14 
]!.)ok  Notices  52,  56.  58 
Notes  8fi.  9G. 

List  ofSpiiiniiidL^of  N.  A.  89 
Presidents  Address,  Ento.  Club  of  A. 

A.  A.  S.  101 
Cerathosia  tricolor  122 

Uhler.  P.  R. 

Cicadiea  of  U  S.  21,  81. 

Washington  Ento.  See. 

Reports  of  meetings  20,  40,  60,  80 


Weed,  C.  M. 

Parasites  of  Hemaris  diffinis  147 
Parasites  of  Phoxopteris  comptana  149 

Weeks,  A.  C. 

Acontia  delecta  46 

W^eeks,  A.  G.,  Jr. 

Collecting  Notes  123 

Westcott,  O.  S. 

Ento.  Memoranda  154 

Wright,  W.  G. 

Lyc;ena  sonorensis  .71 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Acerata  65 

Acidalia  hepaticaria  49 

Acontia  delecta  46 

Acrobasis  albocapitella,  ii.  sp.   116 

Acrolophiis  mexicanella,  n.  t,p.  29 

^'Egeria  impropria  99 

^geridiK,  classification  of  9 

Agrotis,  pupation  of  154 

Albuna  12 

Alcathoe  11 

Aletia  argillacea  45 

Aleurodes,  wing  origen  147 

Altoona,  n.  gen.   116 

"       ardilerella,  n.  sp.   118 
Aniphicerus  bicaudatus  95 
Anisopteiyx  veinata  51 
Anoristia  olivella,  n.  sp.  117 
Antepione  imitata  49 
Apanteles  limenitidis  149 
Apatela  americana,  food -plants,  75,  85 
Aphycus  chiysopa;,  ii.  sp.   15 

"         niger,  n.  sp.   15 

"        unicolor,  n.  sp.  15 
Aplodes  conitcraria  49 

Bandc-ra  cupidinclla,  n.  sp.    118 
Bembecia  11 
Bephrata  42,  43 
Boarniia,  species  of  50,  98 
Bolina  cunearis  13 

"      fasciolaris  13 

"      nigrescens  13 

"      ochripennis  13 
Botis  plumbosignalis,  n.  sp.   37 
Brooklyn    Ento.     Society,     Union    with 

Brooklyn  Inst.   80 
Bruchophagus,  n.  gen.  42,  43 
Butteiflies,  attracted  to  carrion  154,  157 

Calera  punctilimbella  100 
Calledapteryx  dryopterata  63 
Callida  purpurea  23 
Callimorplia  14 
Calothysanis  aniaturaria  63 
Calyria  occidentis  82 
Carmenta  12 

"  parvula  22 

Cayuga,  n.  gen.  116 
Cerata  65 

Cerathosia  tricolor  121,  122 
Chalcidinfe,  Generic  table  87 
Chalcids,  from  Florida  15 
Chanopterus  48 
Chilo  decorellus  44 
"     plejadellus  45 
Choreia  flavicincta,  n.  sp.  17 
Cicada  rimosa  153 
Cicadtea  of  U.  S.  21,  81 


117 


121) 


Cicadidje,  Genera  of  140 
Citheronia  mexicana  62 
Classification  of  N.  A.  Lepidoptera, 

Sesiida;  9,     Thyrididse    27 
Cleora  pulchraria  50 
Clisiocampa  fragilis  62 
Collections  of  insects  in   U.  S.  105-129, 

in  Canada  145 
Collecting  notes    74,    86,    96,    123,  153, 

154,  163 
Coloradia  pandora  61 
Comys  cyanea,  n.  sp.   17 
Cossus  alni  153 
Crambidiis,  Notes  on  44 
Crambus  decorellus  44 
Craspedosoma  flavidum,  n.  sp.  2 
Creniaslus  cookii,  n.  sp.   150 
Cryptolechia  concolorella,  n.  sp.  30 
Cryptops  hyahnus  5 
Cry])torhync  hus  lupathi  24 
Cydosia  61) 

Dasypyga  carbonella,  n.  sp. 
Decatonia  42.  43 
Diatrtea  alleni,  n.  sp.  1'20 

"        dilTerentialis,  n.  sp. 

"        Syfuipsis  ot  119 
Dinocarsis  pulcher,  n.  sp.    17 
Diplax  31 
Diphryx  45 

Diplodontia,  n.  gen.   87 
Diviana  eudoriella  100 
Dolichorrhinia  100 
Dryopteryx  rosea,  lai  va  179 

Eggs  of  butterflies,  how  ohlaii.ed  loO 
Elateridre  of  Cincinnati  163 
Empretia  stiniulea,  food  plants  75,  85 
Entomology    and    Ento.     Collectiniij    i 

U.  S."  102 
Entomology  for  beginners  164 
EpipaschiiK,  new  species  of  113 
Erebus  odora  36 
Eubyia  quernaria  50 

"        pienulataria  50 

"        cupidinaria  50 

"        mexicanaria  51 
Eucyrtus  pyralidis,  n.  sp.   15 
Eudecatoma,  n.  gen.  42,  43 
Eugonia  alniaria  13 

"         magnaria  49 
Euhagena  11 
Euproserpinus  euterpe,  n.  sp.  25 

"  phaeton  25 

Eurytoma  42,  43 
Eurytoniince,  genera  of  41 
Eurytomocharis,  n.  gen.  42,  43 
Evoxysoma,  n.  gen.  42,  43. 
Exelis  pyrolaria  50 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


Falua  11 

Fauna  of  Florida  20,  40,  60 

Faiinal  limi(s  of  U.  S.   70 

Fidicina  21 

Florida,  I^xpeiiment  Station  Report  79 

Florida,  Insect  life  of  semitropical  165 

Food  plants  of  Lepidoptera  75 

Frontaria  viriiniicu-^is  3 

Ga'leriida;  of  N.  A.   38 

Geometrida;,  Notes  on  49 

Geophiliis  okulonai,  ii.  sp.  5 

Gluphisia  tearlei  (53 

Gno|>liaela  vermiculata,  larva  24 

Gracilaria  nigristriella,  n.  sp.  30 
"         sanguinella,  n.  sp.   30 
"         shastella,  n.  sp.   30 
"         riiptistriirella,  n.  var.  30 

Glypta  phoxopteridis,  n.  sp.   151 

Halesidola  tessellata,  food  plants,   76 
Harmonia  12 

Hemaris  diffinis,  Parasites  of  147 
Heniiptera,  Classification  of  65 
Hfnicops  fulvicornis  7 
Hepialiis  argentiomaculatus  153 
Hesjieridae,  determination  of  142 
Heterogynidae,  Classification  of  28 

"  Note  on  50 

Heteroptera,  Families  of  67 
Homoeosoma  candidella,  n.  sp.   118 
Homoptera,  Families  of  68 
Honora  iuscatella,  n.  sp.   118 

"       glaucatella,   n.  sp.   117 

"       obsipella.  n.  sp.    118 
Hydrocampa  propiialis,  n.  sp.   37 
Ilyparpax  aurostriata,  n.  sp.   50 
Hy]:)ei-cliiria  pamina  62 
Hypocliilidae,  n.  fam.   161 
Hypochilns,  n.  gen.   161 

"  thorellii,  n.  sp.   161 

Ice  worm  24 

Insect  fauna  of  semitropical  Florida   165 

Insect  Life  143 

Isosoma  42,  43 

Isosomocharis,  n.  gen.  42,  43 

Isosomodes,  n.  gen.  42,  43 

Isosomorpha,  n.  gen.  42,  43 

Katona,  n.  gen.   113 

"       euphemella.  n.  sp.  113 

Lachnosterna  fusca  154,  157 
"  gibbosa  154,  157 

"  species  of  52 

Larunda  11 

Lepiodes  interruptaria  49 
Leptomastix  tineaevora,  n.  sp.  16 
Linotaenia  bramneri,  n.  sp.  4 

'•  robusta,  n.  sp.  4 

Lipocosma  fuliginosalis,  n.  sp.  37 
Lipagraphis  decimerella,  n.  sp.   117 


Lipographis  niviella,  n.  Sp.   117 
Lithobius  celer,  n.  sp.  7 
"         oedipes,  n.  sp.   8 
"         pingiiis,  n.  sp.  7 
Loma,  n.  gen.  114 

"       nephelotella,  n.  sp.   114 
Lycaena  sonorensis  71 

Mecoceras  peiiinsularis  50 
•Melittia  11 

Metadontia,  n.  gen.  87 
Mira  longipennis,  n.  sp.  17 
Mona,  n.  gen.   115 

"      olbiella,  n.  sp.  116 
Monograph  of  Sphingidre,  Notice  of  177 
Myriopoda  of  Arkansas  1 

Nebraska,  Experiment  Station  Report  56 
Nephopteryx  filiolella,  n.  sp.   117 

Oreaiia,  n.  gen.   115 
Ortholophus  variabilis  29 

Penthetria,   28 
Petaluma,  n.  gen.   114 
Phaenodiscus  armatus,  n.  sp.  17 
Phassus  triangularis  64 
Phemenoe  11 
Phigalia  olivacearia  51 
Phiiachyra  42,  43 
Phlaeophagus  apionides  35 
"  minor  35 

"  spadix  35 

Phoxopterys  comptana,  parasites  of   149 
Phycitidae,  new  genera   and  species  114 

of  N.  A.  38,  99 
Pima,  n.  gen.   114 

"      fosterella,  11.  sp.  114 
Platypedia,  n.  gen.   23 
"  areolata  23 

"  minor,  n.  sp.  81 

"  putnami  23,  82 

Platypsilla  castoris  40 
Platythyris  27,  73 
Pleocoma  40 
Podosesia  12 
Poiydesmus  minor,  n.  sp.  2 

"  pinetorum,  n.  sp.  3 

Prionomastix  americana,  n.  sp.   16 
Proarna,  species  of  83 
albida  83 
"         pulverea  8.3 
"         valvata,  n.  sp.  84 
Pronuba  80 

Prunasis  venosa,  n.  sp.  82 
Psecadia  monticola  29 

"         obscurella,  n.  sp.  29 
"         subcaerulea  29 
Pseudanapliora  arcanella  29 
Psilophrys  armatus,  ii.  sp.   l(') 

"  pvilchripennis,  n.  sp.    If'i 

Pyralidae,  new,   37 

Pyropliila  pyramidoi  les,   food  p'ani<   ',7 
Pyrrhotivnia  12 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


Ragonotia  100 
Rhogas  lunnipennis  148 
Rileya,  n.  gen.  42,  43 
"       proposed  genus  80 

Saluda,  n.  gen.  113 

Sannina  12 

Saturnia  galbina  61 

Schoenobius,  species  of  135 

"  albocostelliis,  n.  var.   138 

"  clemensellus  138 

"  dispersellus  138 

"  longirostrellus  139 

"  meiinellus  137 

"  sordidelliis  136 

"  tripunctellus  136 

"  unipunctellus  13ti 

Sciapteron  11 

Sciota,  n.  gen.   115 

"      croceella,  n.  sp.   115 

Scopelosoma  moftatii  59 

Sesia  12 

Sesiidae  9 

Sphaeriodesmus  piidicus,  n.  sp.   3 

Sphingicampa  4-lineata  62 

Sphingidae  of  N.  A.,  List  of  89 

Sphinx  elsa,  larva  61 

Spider,  a  new  160 
"       bites  40 

Sympetrura  31 

Synopsia  pliigaliaria  50 

Systole  42,  43 

Systolodes,  n.  gen.  42,  43 

Tacoma,  n.  gen.  115 


Tacoma  fenella,  n.  sp.  115 
Tallula,  n.  gen.  115 
Tehama,  n.  gen.   115 
Tetralopha  callipeplella,  n.  -p.  114 
Tettigia  21 

"        hieroglyphic  a  22 
Thia  28 
Thoroughness   in    entomological    tables 

18,  78,  97 
Thrypidae,  Habits  of  152 
Thyrididae  27 
Thyris  27 

Tinddae  of  N.  A.  29 
Tioga,  n.  gen.  113 

"       aplas-tella,  n.  sp.   113 
Trochilium  11 
Type,  application  of  the  word   146 

Uinta,  n.  gen.   116 

"       oreadella,  n.  sp.    116 

Wanda,  n.  gen.   114 

"        tiltella,  n.  sp. 
Wasps,  Handling  without  haini  86 
Welaka,  n.  gen.  116 
White  Mountain  Lepidoptera   12:'. 
Winona,  n.  gen.  113 

Xanthosoma,  n.  gen.  42,  43 
Xyloborus  20 

Zenodoxus 13 
Zeuzera  canadensis  162 

"        pyrina  162 
Zophodia  longipennella,  n.  sp.   118 


AmerigAna 


PUBLISHED    BY  THE 


AT   BROOKLYN,   N.  Y. 


VOL.  v.— JANUARY  TO  DECEMBER,    18S!K 


EDITORS  : 

Rev.  Geo.  D.  Hulst,  John   B.   Smith, 

asst  editors  : 
Chris.  H.  Roberts.  Frank  H.   Chittenden. 

[Nos.  1 — 4.]  [Nos.  5—12.] 


•H 


AmerieAna 


VOL  V. 


BROOKLYN,  JUNUfiRY,  1889. 


NO.  1, 


A    GENERIC   SYNOPSIS    OF   THE   FULGORIDiE. 


By  Wm.    H.   Ashmead. 


[Continued  from  page  141,  Vol.   IV.] 


Family  II.     FULGORIDiE. 

Head  of  various  forms,  often  with  a  ceplialic  prolongation  and  sometimes  lumin- 
ous. The  irons  nearly  always  keeled.  Ocelli  2,  rarely  3  or  wanting,  placed  beneath 
the  eyes  or  sunken  in  the  cheeks  close  to  the  eye,  the  third  ocellus,  when  present, 
placed  in  the  middle  of  the  frons.  Antennae  always  beneath  the  eye,  usually  large, 
distinct,  the  joints  of  which  are  frequently  long  and  dilated,  sometimes  with  an  ap- 
pendage. Thorax  weak,  usually  keeled  ;  scutellum  small.  Wings  usually  long  and 
strongly  veined,  often  short  but  rarely  entirely  wanting.  Tegulse  most  frequently 
present.  Anterior  coxae  generally  elongated  ;  posterior  coxre  transverse,  contiguous, 
extending  from  the  sides  of  the  body.  Tibiae  prismatic  or  foliaceous.  Tarsi  3-jointed, 
generally  spined. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  extensive  of  the  homopterous  families,  well 
represented  in  North  America,  and  comprises  some  of  the  most  curious 
and  interesting  forms  to  be  found  among  insects. 

The  family  may  be  divided  into  ten  subfamilies,  recognizable  by  the 
aid  of  the  following  table  : 

TABLE  OF  SUBFAMILIES. 

Wings  when  at  rest  not  lying  perpendicular  in  repose 2. 

Wings  when  at  rest  lying  perpendicular  in  repose. 

External  border  of  elytra  without  transverse,  parallel  nervures 

Subfamily  I.    ACANONIINiE. 
External  border  of  elytra  with  transverse,  parallel  nervures. 

Vertex  not  -leparated  from  the  frons  by  a  transverse  keel,  or  greatly  prolonged 
into  a  point  beyond  the  eyes  ;  clavus  at  apex  usually  obtuse  and  usually 

confounded  with  the  corium Subfamily  II.    FLATIN^E. 

Vertex  very  short,  front  part  narrow  or  generally  rounded  before  the  eyes, 
separated  from  the  frons  by  a  transverse  keel  ;  clavus  at  a|)ex  acute, 
distinct Subfamily  III.     RICANIIN^E. 


2  Frons  separated  from  the  clieeks  liy  a  sharp  mar<jin. 

Clypeus  with  marginal  keels 3. 

Clypeus  without  marginal  keels,  or  when  keeled  anterior  legs  dilated. 

Legs  simple   Subfamily  IV.    ISSINJE. 

Legs  dilated  or  foliaceous   Subf.^mii.y  V.     CALOSCELINiE. 

3  Head  not  prolonged  beyond  llie  eyes  into  a  di^tinct  cephalic  prolongation;  or,   if 

prolonged  then  the  anal  area  not  reticulated .4. 

Head  prolonged  beyond  the  eyes  into  a  more  or  less  distinct  cephalic  prolongation; 
or,  if  not  prolon^^ed  then  the  anal  area  is  reticulated. 
Prothorax  notably    shortei"   and    narrower   than   the  mesothorax  ;  elytra  usually 
transparent  and  much  longer   than    the    abdomen,    seKlom   coriaceous  or 

shortened   Subfamily  VI.    DICTIOPHARIN2E. 

Prothorax  and  mesothorax  forming   a   rhomb   nearly    as   long   as   liroad  ;  elytra 
usually  horny Subfamily  VII.    FULGORIN/E. 

4  Fust  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  without  a  large  movable  spur  at  base 

Subfamily  VIII.    CIXIINiE. 

First  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  with  a  large  movable  spur  at  the  base    

Subfamily  IX.    DELPHACIN-flE. 

Frons  not  separated  from  the  cheeks  by  a  sharp  margin 

Subfamily  X.    TETTIGOMETRINiE. 

Subfamily  I.    ACANONIINiE. 
TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

Vertex  long,  thorax  not  covered 2. 

Vertex  short,  thorax  covered (i.  i.     Acanonia,   A.  et  S. 

2   Head  conical,  vertex  oblong  ;   wings  semicircular,  large..  .  .    G.  2.    Thiscia,   Still. 
Head  angularly  produced. 

Vertex  slightly  transverse  ;  wings  outvvanlly  rounded,    vertex   roundedly   trunc- 
ated      G.   3.     Philatis,   Stal . 

Vertex  very  slightly  concave  ;   wings  toward  the  middle  gradually  rountled,  from 
thence  somewhat  narrow,   apex  truncate G.  4.     Chlorochara,   Stal. 

Subfamily  II.    FLATIN.^. 
TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

Basal  joint  of  the  antennoe  very  small,  not  easily  distinguishable 2. 

Basal  joint  of  the  antennse  elongated. 

Basal  joint  shorter  or  as  long  as  the  second  joint. 

Second  joint  much  longer  than  the  basal G.   i.     Phromnia,   St.al. 

Second  joint  as  long  as  the  basal G.   2.     Cerynia,   St.ll. 

Basal  joint  longer  than  the  second G.   3.     Cenestra,   Stiil. 

2  Second  antennal  joint  very  long,  at  least  as  long  as  the  breadth  of  the  frons. 

G.  4.    Delapax.  Spinola. 
Second  antennal  joint  twice  as  long  as  broad  ;  frons  without  a  median  keel  ;  clypeus 

convex,  with  a  feeble,  sharp,  median  keel  towards  apex    

G.  5.     Meenoplus,   Fieber. 
Second  antennal  joint  short  or  somev^'hat  short. 

Posterior  tibia;  unarmed,  without  spines 6. 

Posterior  tibise  armed,  with  one  spine 5- 

Posterior  tibiae  armed,  with  two  spines. 


—3— 

Vertex  produced  with  an  acute  margin,  flat  or  slightly  convex 4. 

Vertex  not  produced,  short,  thrice  keeled. 

Thorax  elevated  on  the  disk,  compressed  with  an  acute  keel  on  each  side.  .3. 
Thorax  transversely  convex. 
Ocelli  distinct. 

Wings  with  two  series  of  transverse  moderately  regidar  veins,  the 
longitudinal   vein    behind    and    between    these   series,    simple,  not 

forked G.  6.    Dascalia,  Sial. 

Wings  between  the  clavus  at  apex  and  tlie  intercostal  longitudinal  vein 
with  a  regular  series  of  distinct  transverse  veins,  before  this  series 
nowdiere  wanting   in    irregularly    disposed    veins,    but  between  the 

second  series,  veins  regularly  transverse  ;  head  truncate  

Ci.  7.    Ormenis,  Still. 

Wings  without  series,  or  then  with  irregular  transverse  veins,    series  in 

that  case  not  reaching  the  intercostal  vein    ...G.   8.     Flata,   Fabr. 

Ocelli  wantnig  ;  transverse  veins  of  wings  irregularly  ai  ranged 

(!.  9.     Pceciloptera,   Latreille. 

3  Veins  of  wings  irregularly  transversely  arranged (i.    10.     Sarpanta,   Slitl. 

4  Head  triangularly  produced  ;  frons    flat,    convex    nt    base  ;  wings    with    irregvdar 

transverse  veins  ;  marginal  suture  straight,  the  angle  of  the  suture  very  longly 

produced .    G.    11.     Carthaca,   Stal. 

Corium  hardly  longer  than  the  clavus. 

Head  transversely  quadrately  produced,  anteriorly  somewhat   roundedly    trunc- 
ated ;  frons  somewhat  concave G.   12.     Phlebopterum,   Still. 

Head  truncate  ;  wings  reaching  somewhat  beyond  the  apex  of  abdomen 

G.   13.    Bryllis,  Still. 
Corium  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  clavus. 

Wings  elongated,  narrowed,  very  gradually  narrowed  toward  the  apex 

(j.   14.     Cyarda,   Walker. 

5  Antennae  somewhat   elongated,    reaching   anteriorly    beyond    the    margins    of   the 

cheeks  ;  ocelli  subobsolete  or  wanting G.    15.     Copsyrna,   Still. 

Antennas  short,  distinct. 

Transverse  veins  of  wings  irregularly  arranged. 

Vertex  flat,  produced,  but  the  tlisk  of  thorax  and    scutellum  not   lying  in  the 

same  plane G.   16.     Siphanta,  Still. 

Vertex  not  prominent,  but  the  frons  at  base  prominently  gibbous  ;   thorax  and 

scutellum  convex G.   17.     Gyaria,  Still. 

Transverse  veins  in  a  regular  contiguous   series   toward   apex   ol  wings,  between 

the  apex  of  the  clavus  and  the  uitercostal  veins G.   18.     Petrusa,  Still. 

Clavus  without  a  distinct  transverse  vein. 

Wnigs  with  an  oblique  transverse  vein  before   the   middle,    between    the   interior 

ulnar  veins  and    the  ramus  of  the  exterior   ulnar  veins    

G.   19.     Atella,  Slill. 

»'i  Frons  and  clypeus  without  a  median  keel 8. 

Frons  and  clypeus  with  a  median  keel. 

Clypeus  and  frons  with  a  suture  between , 7. 

Clypeus  and  frons  without  a  suture  between. 

Vertex  triangular  with  a  median  keel ;  mesonotum  lozengoidal  with  a  median 
keel  and  straight  diverging  lateral  keels  ;  rostrum  prolonged  nearly 
between  the  middle  coxce G.  20.     Hemitropis,   Fieber. 


Vertex  i-hoit,  concave  ;  frons  but  slightly   prominent  ;  wings   from   within  be- 
hind the  apex  of  clavus  no;  enlarged  ;  clavus  from  the  exterior  vein  oi)- 

soletely  granulated G.  21.     Lamenia,  Stal. 

7   Face  straight;  side   keels  of  ])ron(itum  curving  around   the  eyes.     Basal  antennal 
joint  very  small,  annular  ;  second  joint  short,  cylindrical.    Elytra  much  longer 

and  much  narrower  than  the  abdomen,  and  narrowly  roundfd  at  apex 

G.  22.     Haplacha.   Fieber. 
Vertex    narrow,    quadrangularly    elongated  ;    eyes    reniform  ;  rostrum    piolonged 

between  the  posterior  coxse G.   23.     Myndus,   Stal. 

Vertex  nearly  an  i>o-celes  triangle  ;   fr>jns  trape/oidal  :  eyes  oval 

G.  24.     Trigonocranus,   Fieber. 
S  Vertex  very  short,  gradually  rounded  off  Into  the  frons  ;  clavus  long,  acute,  reach- 
ing nearly  to  apex  of  wings  with  one  longitudinal  vein    and    transverse    veins  ; 
wings  large,  roundedly  truncate  behind G.   25.     Amphiscepa,   Germar. 

Subfamily  111.     RICANIINiE. 

TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

Frons  with  one  or  three  keels  or  keels  wanting 2. 

Frons  with  two  distinct  keels,  slightly  converging  toward  apex,  much  longer  than 
broad  ;  vertex  before  the  eyes  distinctly  prominent;  lateral  margins  of  clypeus 
only  keeled  at  base.  Wings  as  broad  as  long,  broadly  rounded  at  apex,  with 
a  contiguous  series  of  transverse  veins  between  the  apex  of  clavus  and  the 
transverse  vein  of  costal  area,  the  costal  area  of  normal  breadth  ;  the  interior 
vein  of  the  coi  ium  forked  belore  the  middle. 

Wings  vitreous  ;  posterior  tibiaj  with  three  spines G.    i.     Miriza,   Stal. 

Wings  opaque  ;  posterior  tibia;  with  four  spines G.   2.     Mindura,   Stiil. 

2  Lateial  margins  of  clypeus  keeled 5- 

Lateral  margins  of  clypeus  not  keeled. 

Wings  much  enlarged  toward  apex 4- 

Wings  not  much  enlarged  toward  apex. 

Wings  as  broad  as  long,  with  a  regular  series  of  transverse  veins  towards  apex; 

posterior  tibife  with  two  spines  behind  the  middle..  .G.  3.     Pricesa,   Stal. 

Wings  toward  apex  very  gradually  enlarged  ;  posterior  tibire  with  three  spines 

behind  the  middle G.  4.     Ricania,   Germar. 

3  Marginal  area  with  very  narrow  transverse  veins 4- 

Marginal  area  with  normal  transverse  veins. 

Longitudinal  veins  of  wings  much  forked,  with  two  regular  series  of  tran>verse 
veins  toward  apex,  joining  the  apical G.   5.     Porchazia,   A.  et  S. 

Longitudinal  veins  of  wings  rarely  forked,  witli  twt)  series  of  irregular  transverse 
veins,  remote G.  6.     Tarundia,  Sial. 

4  Longitudinal  veins  rarely  emitting  a  forked  vein  from  base  of  areole,  the  fis:  forkrd 

before  the  base  ;  transverse  veins  very  rare G.   7.     Armacia,   .Stiil. 

5  Wings  nearly  two  and  a  half  times  longer  than  broad,  apex  subtruncate  ;  marginal 

area  with  narrow  transverse  veins  ;  frons  as  broad  as  long 

G.  8.    Bladina,   Stal. 
Wings  circular,  half  as  long  as  broad,   apex  broadly  rounded  ;  marginal  area  with 
broad  tran>verse  veins. 

Wings  vitreous,    transverse  veins  remote G.   9.     Nagodina,   Still. 

W'ngs  opaque,  transverse  veins  very  numerous G.   10.    Vutina,  Stal. 


— 5— 

SOHKAMIl.V    IV.       ISSINiE. 

TABLE  OF  GENERA. 
Wings  much  shortened,    not  reaching   the  tip   of  abdomen,    or   rudimentary  ;  the 

head  prod  need 4- 

Wings  not  unusually  shortened,  complete. 

Head  produced 3. 

Head  truncated,  before  the  eyes  not  or  scarcely  prominent  ;  wings   strongly  de- 
cmubent. 

Posterior  \.\\nx  with  three  spines 2. 

Posterior  tibiie  wiih  two  spines. 

Costa  bffore  the  middle  or  anteriorly  beneath,  very  distinctly  dilated  ; 
interior  ulnar  vein  simple,  exterior  ulnar  vein  and  the  radial  vein  near 
the  base,  torked  ;  verte.x  smooth.  . .  G.  i.  Hysteropterum,  A.  et  S. 
Costa  simple  beneath  towards  the  base,  excepting  a  very  obsolete  dilation  ; 
wings  behind  the  apex  of  the  clavus  oblique,  very  obtusely  rounded,  the 
interior  ulnar  vein  nearly  simple  ;  first  joint  of  posterior  tarsi  short   .  .  . 

G.  2.     Falcidius,   Sliil. 
Thorax  at  base  slightly  and  broadly  sinuated. 

Wings    vitieous,    regularly    reticulated,    obtusely    rounded    at  apex  ;  costa 
dilated,  membiane  of  costa  with   transverse   veins,   ulnar   vein    in   the 

middle  of  wing,  forked    G.  3.     Neaethus,  Stal. 

Wings  at  apex  very  slightly  deeply  angulately  emarginated   or   incised,  and 
riUtly  with  transverse  veins,  not  reticulated  ;  the  vein  of  the  anal  area 

forked  :    anterior    femora    simple,    sul)Compressed 

G.  4.    Thionia,  S'al. 

Wings  at  apex  entiie  ;  frons  and  clypeus  lying  nearly  in  the  same  plane,  the 

frons  somewhat  reclining  and  slightly  rtflexed         G.   5.    Issus,   Fabr. 

2  Vertex  very  short,  sublunate,  anterior  margin  strongly  carinated  ;  frons   rounded, 

prominent,  the  cential  plate  almost  circular,   flattened   and   very  much  raised" 
above  the  surrounding  area,  exterior  margins    strongly  carinate,   curving  con- 
foi-mable  with  the  central  plate.     Pronotum    longer    than    the   vertex,  lunate, 
bluntly  curved  on  anterior  margin,  po>terior  margin  deeply  sinuated.     Hem- 
elytra  long  and  narrow,   a  little  obliquely  rounded  at  tip,   costal  and  sutural 

mar!.;ins  nearly  straight G.  6.     Aphelonema,  Uhler. 

Vertex  suliquadrate,  deeply  scooped  out,  anterior  angles  rectan_^ular   with  bound- 
ing keels  high,  anterior  mari^in  arched  in  the  centre  ;  frons  longer  than  wide, 
sides  convexly  curved,  middle  keel  extends  2 1/3  its  leiiL;th  downwards.     Pron- 
otum acutely  triangiila'-,  exiending  forward  almost  to  front  line  of  eyes,  deeply 
emarginaied  behind.      Hemelyira  long  and  narrow,  vitieous,  hispid,  regularly 
parabolic  on  the  costal  margin,  from  the   base  to  the    inner  apical  angle,   the 
inner  margin  straight  ;  field  with  a  net  work  of  large  rounded    aieoles;  costal 
area  obliterated    ...  ...  G.  7.     Dictyonissus,  Uhler. 

Abdomen  distinctly  compressed  ;  costa  remote  from  the  margin  ;    anterior   tibiai 
longer  thin  the  fenioi a  and  trochanters  togeiher   .  G.  8.    Tylana,  Stal. 

3  Costa  occupying  the  same  margin,  beneath  anteri(jrly  or  before  the  middle,  dilated; 

po  t  -rior  tibin?  wi  h  one  >pine   ...  G.  9.     Mycterodus,  Spinola. 

4  Wings  tailed,  apical  angle  of  tli'-  commissural  produced,  slightly  curving  upwards; 

clavus  not  attaining  the  apex  of  the  wing.  Costa  dilated,  remote  from  the 
margin,  dilated  part  with  transverse  veins,  not  inflexed  ;  po-terior  tibiae  with 
two  spines G.   10.     Conosimus,  Mulsant. 


—6— 

Vertex  before  the  eyes,  produced. 

Wings  very  much  shortened,  truncated  ;  frontal    disk    largely   elevated  ;  thorax 

anteriorly  produced  beyond  the  middle  of  the  eyes 

G.   II.     Peltonotus,   Mulsant. 
Wings  oblong,  apex  extending  somewhat  beyond  the  abdomen  ;  frontal  disk  not 

or  very  slightly  elevated  ;  thorax  produced  to  the  middle  of  the  eyes 

G.   12.     Ommatiotus,  Spinola. 
Vertex  before  the  eyes,  not  prominent  ;  body  cylindrical  ;  wings  much  shorter  than 
abdomen. 
Frons  and  vertex  formmg  an  obtuse  angle,    very    gradually    produced    towards 

apex  ;  clypeus  large,  towards  the  horizontal  portion  largely  inflexed 

G.   13.     Bruchomorpha,  Newman. 
P'rons  prolonged,  globularly  enlarged  at  apex (j.   14.     Naso,   Pitch. 

Subfamily  V.    CALOSCELINiE. 
TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

Posterior  tibice  with  more  than  three  spines,  multispinous 2- 

Posterior  tibia?  with  not  more  than  three  spines. 
Anterior  legs  strongly  dilated,  foliaceous. 

Posterior  tibiae  with  one  spine    G.    i.    Caloscelis,  Lapoite. 

Posterior  tibiie  with  three  spines. 

Lateral    margins    of  vertex    dilated,    elevated 

G.  2.     Elasmoscelis,  Spinola. 

Lateral    margins    of  vertex  not  dilated,    not  elevated    

G.  3.     Lacusa,   Stal. 
Anterior  femora  and  tibise  somewhat  dilated. 

Head  before  the  eyes  promuient  ;  frons  elevated,  compressed  ;   posterior   tibite 

with  two  spines G.  4.     Lophops,  Spinola. 

Clypeus  much  longer  than  its  breadth  at  base  ;  legs  long  or  somewhat  lengthened. 
Head  with  a  very  distinct  callosity  behind   the  eyes  ;  anterior  femora   and  tibite 

slightly  compressed,  dilated G.   5.     Almana,  Stal. 

Head  without  or  scarcely  with  a  callosity  behind  the  eyes  ;  anterior  leniora  alone 
compressed,  body  bioadly  oval  ;  head  somewhat  triangularly  produced.  .  . . 

G.  6.     Orgerius,  Stal. 
Clypeus  a  little  longer  than   its   breadth   at  base,    legs    short,    anterior    ie^is  com- 
pressed   ' C.  7.     Risius,  Stal. 

[TO  BE  CONTINUED.] 


Change  of  Name. 

In  Proc.  Cal.  Acad.,  2nd  Series,  Vol.  i,  issued  June  5th,  1888,  I 
described  a  new  genus  and  species  of  N.  A.  Scarabaeidse  under  the  name 
oi  Anoplognatho  Dun7tia7ius  but  now  finding  tliis  to  be  already  in  use  I 
desire  to  substitute  that  oi  Aphonides  Dunniana.  J.   J.    Rivers. 

University  of  California,  Oct.  2J,  1888. 


— 7— 

A  New  Species  of  Euphanessa. 
By  Annie  Trumuull  ^losson. 


Euphanessa  meridiana,  ii.  sp. 

I  have  been  familiar  for  two  or  three  years,  in  South  Florida,  with 
the  insect  to  which  I  give  the  above  name.  1  thought,  at  first,  that  it 
might  be  merely  a  southern  variety  of  E.  mendica,  Walk  ,  but  am  now 
confident,  afier  careful  study  and  comparison,  that  it  is  a  different  species. 
It  is  uniformly  smaller  than  mendica,  none  of  my  specimens  exceeding 
.9  inch  in  expanse.  The  anterior  wings  are  longer  and  narrower  pro- 
portionately than  in  mendica,  outer  margin  more  oblique,  and  they  are  of 
a  dee[)er  ochreous  tint,  sometmies  almost  orange.  The  two  rows  of 
dusky,  semi-transparent  spots  are  quite  difierent  in  appearance  and  ar- 
rangement. The  outer  row  is  composed  of  very  small  separate  spots, 
which  never  coalesce  ;  it  is  a  mere  dotted  line,  very  regular  in  its  course, 
w  ith  none  of  the  blotchy  unevenness  of  the  same  line  in  mendica.  The 
inner  row  has  only  three  spots,  a  large  one  in  discal  cell,  and  two  much 
smaller,  which  are  nearer  the  base  and  inner  margin.  Secondaries  con- 
colorous  and  immaculate.  My  description  is  comparative,  rather  than 
scientific,  but  will,  I  think,  serve  to  identify  the  insect  for  all  who  know 
our  common  northern  species.  I  have  found  this  moth  at  Charlotte 
Harbor,  Tampa,  and  Winter  Park,  but  no  farther  north.  I  know  nothing 
as  vet  of  the  larva. 


Note  on  Zeuzera  pyrina. 
By  a.   R.   Grote. 


In  reference  to  Mr.  Graef's  interesting  article  (Ento.  Americana, 
Vol.  IV,  p.  162)  I  would  state  that  I  did  not  include  Zeuzera  crsculi 
(pyrina)  in  my  list,  because  I  believed  its  occurence  to  be  quite 
accidental.  I  believe  cesculi  and  pyrina  to  be  synonyms  for  the  European 
species.  With  regard  to  canadensis,  I  do  not  think,  from  Herrich- 
Schiififer's  figure,  that  it  is  a  Zeuzera  ;  certainly  it  is  not  cescuH.  I  have 
never  seen  the  species.  It  is  not  yet  certain  that  cesculi  breeds  in  North 
America.  The  sjiecimens  observed  may  have  been  imported,  as  larvae 
or  pupae,  in  wood.  If  it  were  indigenous  to  North  America  it  would 
surely  have  been  taken  before  this;  the  fact,  that  in  Morris'  Synopsis, 
pyrina  is  credited  to  North  America,  is  probably  due  to  an  original  mis- 
take in  the  habitat.  I  have  alluded  elsewhere  to  the  chance  finding  of  a 
specimen  o'i  cbscuUxw  Hoboken  and  I  thought  at  the  time,    that  it  must 


have  been  imported,  either  purposely  or  accidentally.  The  question  is 
now,  whether  cesculi  breeds  with  us,  as  for  instance  the  Asiatic  PhUosamia 
cynthia  does.  Whichever  way  this  question  is  answered  1  am  disposed 
to  believe  that  its  occurrence  in  North  America  originally  will  be  found 
to  be  due  to  a  comparatively  recent  importation. 


Editor  of  Entomologica  Americana. 

Dear  Sir  : — After  a  knowledge  of  Mr.  Grote's  criticisms  of  my  lo- 
cation of  my  genus  Cera/hosia,  in  Ento.  Am.,  and  afterwards  in  the  Can. 
Ento.  ,  I  sent  a  specimen  of  the  species  to  Mr.  H.  B.  Moeschler,  the  well- 
known  European  Lepidopterist,  requesting  him  to  give  me,  for  publica- 
tion, his  opmion  of  the  family  location  of  the  genus.  Mr.  Moeschler 
wriies  me  under  date  Sept.  28th,  —  "To-day  I  received  the  parcel  con- 
taining the  two  moths.  I  have  examined  them  and,  there  is  no  doubt, 
you  are  right ;  this  species  belongs  to  the  ArctiidtB,  as  llie  costal  nervule 
is  not  derived  from  the  base  of  the  hind  wings,  but  from  the  discoidal 
cell;  this  characteristic  separating  the  Arctiidce -Awdi.  Lithosiidce  from  the 
Noctuidce,  which  have  this  nervule  derived  from  the  base  of  the  wing,  only 
a  little  connected  wuh  the  fore  edge  of  the  cell.  I  do  not  doubt  this 
species  is  an  Arctiid  nearly  allied  to  Deiopeia  and  Emydia." 

Under  date  Sept.  3cth,  Mr.  Moeschler  again  wrote  me:  —  "I  re- 
ceived Ento.  Americana,  No.  6,  to-day,  and  it  was  with  great  interest  I 
read  yours  and  Mr.  Grote's  paper  on  Cerathosia  tricolor,  Sin.  If  Mr.  Grote 
had  looked  into  '  Lederer's  Noctuinen  Europa's,'  he  could  read,  page  2, 
'sie  {d^\Q.  Noctidnen)  unterscheiden  sich  von  den  Liihosiden  (\\\c\.  No/a, 
Sarro/hn'fa  und  Ayc/eoli,)  und  Arc/iiden  durcti  die  bei  diesen  aus  der 
Mitte  oder  Ys  des  Vorderrandes  der  Mittelzelle  entspringenden  Rippe  8 
der  Hinterfliigel.'  Mr.  Grote  would  have  spared  much  effort  to  prove 
something  not  existing,  by  reasons  which  are  not  of  any  value,  if  lie  had 
remembered  the  only  important  characteristic  separating  the  Li/hosiidcB 
and  ArctiidiF  from  the  Kociiiidce.  1  am  much  surprised  that  so  distingu  sii- 
ed  a  writer  as  Mr.  Grote,  could  omit  so  important  a  characteristic,  but — 
the  systematic  position  of  the  genera  of  the  so-called  Zyganidce  in  h:s 
New  Check  List,  is  sufficient  to  prove,  that  Mr.  Grote's  >ystematic  views 
are  sometimes  more  than  singular  1"— Seeing  the  specimens  of  C.  tricolor, 
my  first  thought  was,  that  it  is  a  genus  very  closely  allied  to  Deiof)eia 
(Utetheisa)  and  Emydia,  and  I  shciuld  have  bten  much  surprised  if  an 
exact  examination  had  given  another  result." 

So  far  as  I  am  concerned,  this  closes  the  matter,  eNce[)t  for  the  paper 
now  in  the  hands  of  the  printer,  for  the  Proc.  U.  S.  National  Museum. 
Washington,  D.  C,  Oct.  18,  1S8S.  John  B.   Smith. 


— 9— 

ON  NORTH  AMERICAN  TINEIDiE. 

By  VVm.   Beutenmullek. 


Tinea  seminolella.  n.  sp. 

Head,  thorax  anti  palpi,  deep  fuscous.     Primaiies,    fu>LOus,   covered   will)    deep 
fuscous  scales,  without  any  markings,  except  an  indistinct  i)iackish  discal  spot  with  v. 
paler  margin.     Legs,  body,  secondaries  and  wings  beneath,  fuscous. 
Expanse,  17  niiii. 

I   9.      Coll.  W.  B.      Hah.— Central  Horida. 

Acrolophus  plumifrontellus,  Clem. 

The  undescribcd  (j:'  of  this  species  differs  from  tlie  r-/  only  in  iiaving  long  por- 
rected  labial  palpi,  and  the  markings  of  the  prmiaries  much  suffused  with  the  ground 
color.     Expanse.  19  mm.     Length  of  palpi,  5  mm. 

I  example.  Coll.  W.  B  Taken  at  PaikviUe,  L.  I.,  N.  Y. ,  July, 
1888.  Another  specimen,  much  larger  than  the  one  I  possess,  is  in  the 
collection  of  Mrs.  A.  T.  Slosson,    taken  in  the  White  Mountains,  N.  H. 

Psecadia  albicostella,  n.  sp. 

Head  white,  with  a  black  spot  on  the  vertex  ;  palpi  black,  second  and  third  joints 
tipped  with  white,  thorax  ochreous  fuscous  with  two  black  spots,  one  on  each  side 
about  the  middle  ;  teguli^  tipped  with  white.  Body  ochreous,  tuft  orange  yellow. 
Primaries  ochreous  fuscous  with  a  median,  scaly,  white  basal  streak,  running  to  the 
apical  third.  Beyond  this  streak  is  a  small  black  spot  and  one  at  the  basal  third  of 
the  wing  below  the  fold.  Extreme  costa  and  cilia  white.  Before  the  apex  on  the 
costa  are  four  small  black  spots  and  seven  on  the  margin.  Secondaries  and  under;>'de 
of  wings,  ochreous  fuscous.      Expanse,  22  mm. 

I  J^.     Coll.  W.  B.      Hab.— Colorado. 

Psecadia  walsinghamella,  n.  sp. 

Head  white  ;  palpi  white  ;  first  and  second  joint  with  a  black  ring  at  the  base  ; 
thiid  with  a  black  ring  before  the  tip.  Antennie  fuscous.  Thorax  white  with  four 
black  spots.  Body  and  legs  ochreous.  Primaries  pure  white,  shining,  with  a  number 
of  black  spots  and  four  long  black  streaks  ;  one  at  the  base  below  the  costa  ;  one  a 
little  below  and  beyond  ;  one  in  the  cell,  and  one  above  and  beyond  nearly  reaching 
the  outer  margin  about  the  middle  ;  at  the  end  of  the  discal  cell  a  small  black  spot 
and  one  below  and  beyond  ;  below  the  fold  are  three  spots  ;  one  about  the  basal 
fourth  ;  one  before  the  middle  and  one  below  and  between  the  two. ;  on  the  fold  at 
the  base  of  the  wing  a  small  spot.  Above  the  long  streaks  through  the  middle  of  the 
wing  beyond  the  basal  one  are  a  number  of  black  subcostal  spots,  and  on  the  costa 
before  the  apex  a  series  of  small  spots  running  along  the  margin  to  the  inner  angle. 
Cilia  white.     Primaries  beneath,  fuscous,  shining.     Expanse,  21  mm. 

I  (^.     Coll.  W.  B.      Hab.— West  Virginia. 

Named  in  honor  of  Lord  Walsingham,  who  has  contributed  much 
to  the  knowledge  of  American  Tineida;. 


lO 

Psecadia  semilugens,  Z-ll.,  r'n?-.  plumbeella,  n.  var. 

Tiiis  lonii  can  l>e  disiinguished  from  tlic  type  by  the  lead  colored  secondaries  and 
dor-'-ai  lialf  of  the  primaries.     Expanse,  20  mm. 
I  J.      Coll.  W.  B. '    Hab.  -Texas. 

Depressaria  curvilineella,   n.  sp. 

Head  white,  thorax  and  le^s  grayish  ojhreoiis.  Primaries  gray,  thickly  clouded 
with  grayish  ochreoiis  scales,  e.-pecially  at  the  base  beyond  the  pale  basal  field  which 
extends  to  the  costal  third  ;  on  the  disk  before  the  middle  of  the  wing  is  a  curved 
black  stieak  and  a  little  beyontl  a  small  white  spot  edged  with  black  ;  costa  sprinkled 
whh  fuscous  scales.  Cilia  grayisii  ochreous.  Secondaries  gray  fuscous  ;  cilia  white. 
Underside  of  prim.iiics  fusions  ;  costa  and  cilia  white.  Secondaries  paler  than  above 
with  loui-  apieal  black  s])ot,^.      Ex|-)an>e,   18  mm. 

I  example      Coll.  \V.  B.      Hab. — New  York. 

Graci  aria  fuscoochrella,   n.  ^p. 

Head  and  palpi  ochl■eou^  ;  k-gs  o.hreous  annulated  with  fuscous  ;  thorax  and 
antennse  iuscous.  Primaries  and  secondaiies  fuscous,  as  also  the  underside  of  all  the 
wings.     Exjianse,  14  mm. 

I  example.      Coll.  W.  B.      Hab. — California. 
Cosmopteryx  floridanella,   n.  s|>. 

Head  olive  iucwn  wiili  three  fine  white  stripes  ;  one  on  the  middle  and  one  on 
each  side  behnul  the  eyes.  These  stripes  are  continuous  with  the  three  on  the  thorax 
whi  h  i-^  also  olive  brown.  Face' silvery  oclireou-;,  as  are  also  the  palpi,  underside  of 
thorax  and  body;  legs  nniuilated  wilh  brown.  Body  above  olive  brown,  in  some  lights 
yellowish  oehreous.  Piimaries  olive  brown  with  three  silvery  white  l)asal  streaks  : 
one  on  the  suliC(»ta,  one  on  ihe  dorsal  margin  and  one  above  the  fold  ;  ali  running 
to  about  the  ba-al  third.  Hftween  the  two  latter  streaks  is  another,  beginning  abo  it 
the  basal  lonrlh  and  reaching  the  broad,  pale  yellow  tran-verse  patch  beyond  the 
middle  of  ihe  wing  ;  at  the  internal  ]->orti()n  of  th.-  band  below  the  cosia  is  a  snail 
black  margined  meiallic  silvery  spot  and  a  larger  one  below  and  beyond  ;  the  external 
niaii:iii  ot  the  band  is  limited  by  a  narrow  tran-verse  metallic  silvery  band,  about  the 
middle  ol  which  commences  a  narrow  white  streak  running  to  the  extreme  apex  ot 
the  winu'.  Secondaries  grayi-h.  Cilia  olivaceous,  as  is  also  the  underside  of  ihe 
wings.      Expanse,  g  mm. 

I   9.      Coll.  W.  B.      Hab.— Central  Florida,    May,  1887. 

Cosmopteryx  minutella,   n.  sp. 

Head  deep  brown  with  three  fine  vvhite  stripes  ;  (scales  abraded  on  the  tlio-ax); 
palpi  white  wilh  a  few  brown  scales  ;  legs  oehreous  annulated  with  brown.  Primaries 
deep  brown  with  two  fine  white  basal  streaks  ;  one  running  along  the  costa  for  a  ^h  )rt 
distance,  then  gradually  bending  downward  and  running  along  the  subcosta  to  about 
ihe  basal  third  ;  the  second  streak  runs  along  the  fold  to  nearly  the  middle  of  the 
wing  ;  a  third  white  streak  begins  below  the  fold  about  the  basal  third  and  bejonies 
orange  yellow  as  it  reaches  the  very  broad  transverse  band  of  the  same  hue  ;  on  the 
internal  margin  of  the  band  are  two  violet-hued  silvery  s])Ots  ;  the  one  below  the 
costa  is  limited  by  a  conspicuous  black  discal  spot  ;  before  the  external  margin  of  tlie 
band  which  is  prolonged  into  an  angk%  is  a  co>tal  and  dorsal,  violet-hued  bilvery  sp:)t; 
beginning  at  the  a.ngle  of  the  band  is  a  fine  white  stripe  reaching  the  extreme  apex  of 
the  wing.  Secondaries  ami  wings  beneath  fuscous.  Expanse,_7  mm. 
1(5^.      Coll.  W.  B.      Hab.— Central  Florida. 


Some  Studies  of  the  Development  of   Lixus  concavus,  Say, 
and  L.    macer,  Leconle. 

By  F.  M.    Wkbster. 


Concernino;  the  hal)its  and  transformations  of  the  twenty-five  species 
of  the  genus  Z/a-«5,  inliabiting  North  America,  North  of  Mexico,  very 
little  appears  to  have  been  learned  ;  the  hmited  information  we  possess 
relating  exclusively  to  but  three  species. 

From  the  fact  that  adults  o[  Lixus  rubellus,  Rand,  have,  on  two  oc- 
casions, been  observed  in  considerable  numbers  clinging  to  the  blossoms 
anil  leaves  of  an  aquatic  p'ant,  Pulvjs^onuin  amphibium,  this  insect  is  sus- 
pected of  infesting  that  plant,  the  theory  being  strengthened  somewhat  by 
the  fact  thit  Z.  parapleclicus,  an  European  species,  breeds  in  the  stems  of 
.S'/«/«,  or  Water  Parsnip.  (Rep't  Com.  Agr.,  1870,  p.  71.)  The  larva:? 
of  another  European  s[)ecies,  L.  angusta/us,  is  said  to  mine  in  the  stalks 
of  beans. 

Lixus  pivciis,  a  native  of  California,  is  said  by  Prof  Riley  to  form 
galls  in  the  stems  of  J;«^/<;z;zc,^?'i?/'.     ( Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  Vol.  I,  p.  2,2)) 

A  single  short  notice,  printed  in  1866,  by  Mr.  Townend  Glover, 
contains  all  the  published  information  we  have  respectmg  the  life-history 
o^ concavus.  Mr.  Glover  states  that  he  observed  the  female  beede  '"bur" 
rowing  into  the  foot-stalks  of  rhubarb,  or  pie-plant,  and  there  depositing 
a  single  egg  in  each  hole."  The  ol)server  failed  to  rear  the  young,  how- 
ever, as  the  htter  died  in  a  few  davs,  as  soon  as  the  stalks  became  with- 
ered.     (Rep't  Com.  Agr.,   1865,  p.  90.) 

Of  the  early  stages  of  ;/W(:6?/",  we  likewise  have  but  little  published 
information.  Prof  Riley  reared  it  in  1872  from  Chenopodium  hybridum, 
but  the  girdling  habit  of  the  larvai  was  not  observed  by  him.  (Loc.  Cit. ) 
Mr,  D.  W.  Coquillett,  in  a  short  article  published  in  18S3,  (Can.  Ent., 
Vol.  XV,  p.  113),  states  that  on  July  13th,  i88r,  near  Wood>tock,  Mc- 
Heary  Countv,  Illinois,  he  observed  a  fe  iiale  of  this  species  busily  engag- 
e  1  in  giawing  holes  in  the  stems  of  a  green  Helianfhus  grosseserratus,  or 
Wild  San-flower.  There  were  several  holes  in  the  stem,  and  in  each  he 
found,  one  or  two  ej[g-;,  of  an  elliptic  ovoid  form,  polished,  pale  yellow, 
an  1  measuring  about  two  and  one-fourth  mm.  in  length.  In  the  stems 
of  other  similar  weeds  growinj;  near  by,  he  found  several  recently  hatched 
larvae.  Stems  of  the  sime  species  of  weed  were  examined  during  the 
Summer,  and  larvje  in  different  stages  of  their  growth  were  observed- 
Sometimes  two  or  three  in  the  sime  plant.  Late  in  (Jctober,  pieces  of 
these  stems,  from  one  and  a  half  to  three  feet  long,  were  found  lying  about 
on  the  ground,  evidently  having  been  gnawed  off  from  within,   excepting 


the  thin,  outer  bark,  which  had  apparently  lieen  broken  by  the  wind. 
These  pieces  coniained  a  larva,  evidently  of  the  same  species  as  those 
previoLislv  observed  ;  and  similar  larvte,  but  no  pupa?,  were  observed  in 
the  prostrate  stems,  on  the  25th  of  the  followin--;  April.  From  these  ob- 
servaticMis,  Mr.  Coquillett  opmed  that  the  beetles  deposited  their  eggs  in 
mid  summer  ;  the  hivvat;,  hatching  in  a  few  days,  reached  tlieir  full  growth 
in  three  or  four  months,  and,  hibernating  in  the  stems  in  that  stage,  chang- 
ed to  pupa?  early  the  following  Summer,  emerging  as  adults  soon  after. 

At  the  time  Mr.  Coquillett  was  making  these  observations,  we,  in 
an  adjoining  County  of  the  same  State,  were  similarly  engaged,  although 
as  Ignorant  of  his  studies  as  he  was  of  ours.  However,  with  the  exception 
of  securing  more  facts  relative  to  the  mode  of  oviposition,  and  the  number 
of  eggs,  and  the  grouping  o(  the  egg  chambers,  we  did  not  materially  im- 
prove upon  his  observations,  as  afterwards  published. 

In  Northern  Illinois,  where  we  always  found  7nacer  to  be  the  hiost 
common  species  of  Z/av/.s.  co;/C(ro«.s  seldom  occu red  in  our  collections. 
In  Central  Illinois,  in  1882  and  1883,  we  found  the  latter  to  be  the  more 
abundant  species,  while  the  former  was  seldom  observed.  We  were  more 
surprised  to  here  observe  concavus  ovipositing  in  the  stems  of  Helian/hus, 
exactlv  as  we  had  observed  its  congener  do  in  the  Northern  part  of  the 
Slate. 

The  female,  of  either  species,  in  depositing  her  eggs,  first  places  her- 
self, head  downward,  upon  the  sialk  in  which  she  intends  to  oviposit, 
and,  wuliout  moving  the  feet,  commences  a  series  of  l>ackward  and  for- 
ward movements  of  the  rostrum,  gouging  out  a  narrow  channel,  varying 
from  three-fourths  to  about  an  inch  in  length,  penetrating  through  the 
woodv  portion  of  the  siem  to  the  pith.  This  channel  is  not  clean  cut, 
but  is,  when  finished,  filled  with  matted  fibre,  not  detached  and  not  easily 
removed.  From  near  the  upper  end  of  this  channel,  the  female  next  ex- 
cavates a  burrow,  of  the  diameter  of  her  rostrum,  directly  into  the  pith, 
for  a  considerable  distance;  thence  upward  as  far  as  she  can  reach. 
While  we  have  never  observed  the  sexes  in  coi/u,  nor  the  placing  of  the 
egg,  the  male  is  almost  invariably  present  in  situ,  and  we  have  often 
interrupted  the  female  in  the  midst  of  her  work,  and  found  an  egg  partly 
in  place  in  the  stem.  These  observations  leave  little  room  for  doubt  that 
the  eggs  are  fecundated  just  prior  to  the  act  of  oviposition,  and  dropped 
bv  the  female  at  the  mouth  of  the  burrow,  being  afterwards  pushed  in 
place  by  aid  of  her  rostrum. 

Wherever  there  was  good  evidence  of  the  nidus  having  been  com- 
pleted, we  have  always  found  a  second  chamber  or  burrow,  at  the  lower 
extremitv  of  the  channel  also,  but  not  extending  far  enough  upward  to 
come  in  contact   with   the  upper.      In  each  of  these  chambers  we  have 


—13— 

al\va\s  fouiul  two  eiigs  ;  i,hc  first  at  the  upper  extremity,  and  fastened  by 
some  adhesive  substance  on  the  egg  itself.  Back  of  this  egg,  a  piece  of 
pith  seems  to  be  shoved  in,  to  aid  in  holding  it  in  place,  and  to  hold  it 
from  the  second  egg,  which  is  jtlaced  directly  behind  this,  and  frequently, 
but  not  always,  a  piece  of  pith  is  placed  behind  the  latter  also.  While  it 
might  be  too  much  to  say  that  the  invariable  number  of  eggs  is  two,  in 
each  chaml^er,  and  that  there  are  always  two  chambers  connected  with 
each  channel,  with  a  single  exception  we  have  found  this  to  be  the  case. 
In  the  exce[>tional  case,  there  was  a  channel  fully  twice  the  ordinary 
length,  and  four  chambers  connected  with  it ;  the  second  and  third,  how- 
ever, being  much  more  distantly  placed  than  the  first  from  the  second,  or 
the  third  from  the  fourth.  Just  why  si>  much  method  should  be  followed 
m  this  arrangement,  it  is  difficult  to  understand.  Possibly  the  female ' 
ma\-  comprehend  that  were  she  to  place  herself  in  a  reverse  position  on 
the  plant,  the  chambers  wc)uld  extend  downward  and  a  drop  of  water  or 
dew.  on  its  wav  downward  on  the  outside  of  the  stem,  might  penetrate 
the  latter  and  destrt)y  the  eggs,  the  young  larva;,  or  even  the  entire  plant. 
As  it  is,  the  chamber  extends  upward,  and,  besides,  the  gum,  which 
exudes  h-oin  the  plant,  collects  in  the  mass  of  fibres  in  the  channel,  and 
as  this  gum  hardens  it  tends  to  seal  the  whole  entrance.  The  secret  of 
the  number  of  egg  chambers,  per  each  channel,  may  lie  in  that  the  latter 
is  as  long  as  the  female  can  make  it  without  changing  her  position,  as, 
w'th  the  weight  of  the  male  adtled  to  her  own,  moving  about  would  prove 
too  laborious.  With  two  eg,<is  in  each  chamber,  there  need  be  no  con- 
flict among  the  \()ung  larvae,  as  one  can  work  upward  and  the  ottier 
downward  ;  the  only  chance  for  a  conflict  here  being,  that  the  lower  one 
of  the  ufiper  chamber  might  come  in  contact  with  the  uppermost  larva.* 
of  the  louder  chamber.  They  are  certainly  not  quarrelsome,  however,  as  ' 
we  have  taken  thirteen  full  grown  larvae  from  a  section  o{  Heltanthus 
onlv  about  as  many  inches  in  length. 

The  egg  o'i  Lixus  concavus  is  oblong-oval,  smooth,  of  a  very  light 
yellow  color,   1.5  mm.  long,  and  i  mm.  in  diameter. 

As  to  the  time  required  for  these  eggs  to  hatch,  after  being  deposited, 
I  have  no  exact  data,  but  think  Mr.  Coquillett's  opinion  respecting  those 
of  L.  macer,  would  apply  to  concavus  also,  as  my  own  observations  in- 
dicate that  the  period  covers  only  a  few  days. 

In  the  latitude  of  LaFayette,  Indiana,  the  eggs  are  deposited  during 
July  and  early  in  August,  the  larvae  becoming  full  grown  by  the  20th  of 
October.  In  the  stems  of  the  plant,  these  larva;  are  rather  contracted, 
and  remain,  when  quiet,  in  a  somewhat  curved  position,  being  then  only 
about  18  mm.  in  length. 


— 14-  - 


The  extended  larva  is  21  to  23  mm.  long,  of  a  nearly  white  color; 
head,  smaller  than  first  segn.ent  of  body,  somewhat  oblong,  slightly 
narrowed  anteriorly,  brown,  with  inverted  Y  mark,  and  sutures  at  base  of 
mandibles,  white  ;  at  the  juncture  of  the  two  branches  of  tl)e  Y  mark,  is 
a  crescent  shaped,  white  space,  thickly  blotched  with  brown  ;  the  concave 
side  of  this  space  is  downward,  and  the  branches  of  the  Y  mark,  in  a 
measure,  form  its  outline  ;  front  de[)ressed  between  branches  of  Y  maik 
with  a  narrow,  straight  dark  line,  extendmg  from  their  confluence  to  near 
frontal  suture,  lower  margin  strongly  ridged.  (3n  each  side  of  this  dark 
line  are  three  setigerous  depressions,  and  there  are  several  longer  sera;  on 
the  sides  and  vertex.  Antennae  rudimentary.  Just  above  each  ol  tlie^e 
is  a  setigerous  puncture,  and  again  just  above  these  is  a  smidl  semi-irans- 
lucent  spot.  Eyes  wanting.  Mouth  parts,  light  brown  ;  mandibles 
darker,  stout,  concave  on  inner  side,  bifid  at  tip,  the  lower  portion  bemg 
shorter  and  more  cuived,  with  a  small,  broad  tooth  on  inner  margin. 
Body,  wrinkled,  increasing  from  head  to  third  segment,  then  decreasing 
to  fifth,  sixth  to  eighth  equal,  ninth  larger,  tenth  still  larger,  eleventh 
smaller,  twelfth  much  smaller,  sub-convex  and  cypeilorm  behind,  with 
anal  aperture  in  center  of  disc.  The  first  ten  segments  are  divided  above 
by  two  transverse  wrinkles,  forming  two  long  and  one  slioit  iransver>e 
folds  on  each,  the  latter  being  placed  anteriorly.  'The  eleventh  segment 
has  but  one  wriidde,  and  the  twelfth  none  at  all.  The  first  segment  is 
larger  than  the  head,  with  light  brown  patch  resembling  a  cervical  shieUI, 
which  is  dividetl  by  a  median,  lineal  white  line,  and,  bearing  on  front 
and  posterior  margins,  a  transverse  row  ol  short  bri>tlts.  There  is  also 
a  cluster  of  four  bristles  at  each  end  of  the  cervical  shield,  and  Itetweeii  it 
and  the  spiracle  ;  on  the  second  fold  are  two,  small,  light  brown  patches, 
divided  by  a  dorsal,  white  line,  each  patch  bearing  a  sin.i^le  l)ri>tle.  Tlie 
second  segment  has  also  a  transverse  row  of  bristles,  and  besides  there  is 
also  one  placed  singly  on  each  side  of  a  slight,  medial  depression.  Seg- 
ments three  to  eighth  with  similar  row  of  small  bristles  only,  the  ninth 
having  a  single  bristle  on  each  side  of  the  fold  near  the  ndddle  of  the 
back.  The  tenth  segment  has  a  row  of  larger  bristles,  ami  two  on  each 
side  of  fold.  On  the  eleventh,  the  bristles  are  still  longer,  and  inclinul 
to  form  clusters  at  the  sides,  near  the  s])iracles.  On  twelfth  segment, 
the  bristles  form  a  semi-circular  clus  er.  On  each  segment,  except  the 
second  and  twelfth,  is  a  double  row  ol  obtuse,  \elIowish  pustules, 
placed  just  below  the  spiracles,  each  bearing  a  few,  short,  scattering 
bristles.  Between  these  rows  of  pustules  is  a  deep,  lateral  groove,  and, 
where  this  crosses  the  segmental  wrinkle,  a  deep,  quadrangular  fossa 
is  produced. 

Beneath,   the  feet  are  wanting,   and  their  place  supplied    by    pust- 


—15— 

ules,  upon  each  of  which  are  eighth  ambulator}'  setce,  one  of  the 
luiinher  being  somewhat  isolated  and  near  the  middle  of  the  segment. 
( )n  all  twelve  segments  are  four,  short  seti^,  placed  in  pairs  each  side  of 
tlie  middle  ;  those  cm  the  thoracic  segments  being  between  the  isolated 
setce,  just  indicated. 

The  pupiv  average  i6  mm.  in  length.  In  the  female,  the  rostrum 
reaches  considerably  beyond  the  base  of  anterior  femora,  while  in  the 
male  it  extends  very  little  beyond.  On  the  rostrum,  head  and  thorax 
are  a  few,  sparsely  j)Iaced  bristles. 

Beneath,  the  nine  segments  are  smooth,  distinctly  separated,  and 
with  a  few  short  bristles.  Above,  the  first  segment  is  smooth,  with  ex- 
ception of  the  scutellar  lurbucle;  the  second  is  smooth,  but  on  the 
third,  fourth  and  fifth,  each,  is  a  transverse  row  of  fleshy  spines,  ending 
with  chitinous  points,  and  placed  near  the  posterior  margins  of  the  seg- 
ments. On  the  sixth,  the  s[)ines  are  larger  and  almost  dactyliform, 
being  placed  on  a  transverse,  fleshy  ridge.  On  the  seventh  segment, 
this  ridge  assumes  a  comb-like  appearance,  and  is  divided  at  middle, 
and  on  each  of  the  parts  thus  constituted  are  five  fleshy  spines,  all  much 
larger  and  longer  than  any  on  the  preceeding  segments.  The  eighth 
segment  is  nearly  vertical,  unarmed,  but  slightly  wrinkled  and  con- 
spicuously setigerous.  The  ninth  segment  is  nearly  horizontal  btlow 
and  opixisite  the  eighth,  or  curled  under,  as  it  may  be  called.  This  is 
armed  with  two,  widely  se])arated  proleg-like  appendages,  each  ter- 
minating in  a  stout,  chitinous  hook,  with  the  point  turned  directly 
backward.  Abdomen,  slightly  bioadest  at  third  and  fourth  segments. 
The  spines  above  describetl  are  doubtless  to  enable  the  pupa  to  fuish 
itself  into  a  positicjn  favorable  to  the  escape  of  the  adult,  which,  within 
the  stems  of  the  plants,  must  be  well  nigh  helpless. 

When  full  grown,  the  larvx"  girdle  the  stems  from  within,  at  ir- 
regular intervals,  much  as  does  the  larva:;  of  Elaphidion  within  the 
twigs  of  oak,  hickoi}- and  other  trees,  except  that  only  the  thin  outer 
bark  is  left  intact,  to  be  broken  ofl"  by  the  winds  ;  the  object  being  to 
give  the  larva  time  to  witlidraw  into  its  burrow  and  plug  up  the  open- 
ing. In  proof  of  this  the  ends  of  the  stems  are  filled  with  fibrous 
matter,  taken  from  within  the  stem.  Doubtless  this  girdling  is  done 
during  a  calm  time,  else  the  wind  would  surprise  the  larva  with  its  work 
but  half  finished,  but  how  it  obtains  a  knowledge  of  the  state  of  the 
weather  outside,  is  a  pr(»blem. 

Notwithstanding  all  their  precautions  in  filling  the  cavities  at  the 
ends  of  the  stems,  they  are  far  from  safe  in  their  woody  abodes,  as, 
while  j)rotecting  them  from  enemies  of  their  own  kind,   even   the  thick 


— 16— 

walls  are  no  protection  from  the  cruel  beak  of  the  wood-pecker,  and 
hundreds  of  these  larvae  are  dragged  from  their  Winter-quarters  to  satisfy 
the  insatiable  greed  of  these  birds. 

The  stems  of  the  plant  are  not  girdled  by  the  larvie  until  the 
former  are  quite  dead,  and  hence,  the  plant  is  not  materially  affected, 
and  sections  are  not  to  be  found  scattered  about  on  the  ground  much 
before  October. 

As  a  rule,  concavus,  and  probably  macer  also,  hibernate  in  the 
larval  stage,  but  the  former,  at  least,  sometimes  live  over  in  the  adult 
stage,  as  we  have  elsewhere  shown  to  be  true  of  another  species  of 
Curctilionidce  (Rep't  Com.  Agr. ,  1886,),  whose  transformations  are 
cpiite  similar  in  point  of  time.  I  have  found  adults  of  concavus,  on 
December  4th,  and  again  in  April  of  the  following  year,  while  in  May 
I.  could  find  only  larvae.  I  have  found  healthy  larvae  in  stems  dug  out 
of  ice  and  frozen  snow  in  January,  and  found  them  during  the  four 
months  following,  but  have  never  been  able  to  ascertain  the  time  re- 
(juired  in  which  to  pass  the  pupae  stage,  or  the  exact  season  during  which 
this  takes  place,  but  opine  that  it  will  prove  to  be  late  m  May  and  dur- 
ing June.  My  examples  of  the  pupae  were  from  stems  containing 
larvae,  kept  in-doors.  These  transformed  in  January,  and  the  pupae 
])eriod  occupied  only  a  few  days. 

I  have  found  larva;  only  in  Helianihus  and  have  repeatedly  ob- 
served the  adults  feeding  upon  the  foliage.  In  a  single  instance  I  ob- 
served a  female  ovipositing  in  Si/phium,  or  Rosin  weed,  and  it  is  quite 
probable  that  they  may  be  found  in  the  stems  of  other,  similar  plants, 
besides  Chcnopodiutn,  as  observed  by  Prof  Riley. 

I  have  not  studied  the  larvae  of  viacer  enough  to  find  a  ready 
distinction  between  them  and  concavus.  They  are  usually  more  slender 
and  less  wrinkled,  but  it  is  doubtful  if  this  holds  true  in  all  classes.  The 
pupae  are  more  slender,  and  the  rostrum  and  anterior  femora  are  much 
longer,  and  these  afi'ord  a  good  basis  of  separation. 

The  knowledge  which  I  have  obtained  regarding  the  habits  of  both 
these  species,  would  indicate  a  closer  relationship  between  the  two, 
than  now^  accorded  them,  but  much  more  remains  to  be  learned  of  their 
habits  in  other  localities,  and,  especially  where  both  are  common, 
if  such  a  place  can  be  found,  before  the  question  of  relationship  can  be 
satisfactorily  settled  :  and  it  is  with  a  hope  of  inciting  such  researches 
that  these  notes  are  given. 


Notes  upon  the   Habit  of  Pleocoma. 

By  J.   J.    Rivers. 

(Univt-rsity  of  C;ililoriu;i.) 


It  is  known  that  the  autumn  lain,  wlien  copious,  makes  the  Pleocoma 
season  and  during  the  hitler  pait  ol  last  week  from  the  I4lh  to  the  17th 
of  November  there  was  a  rain-fall  (jf  five  inches.  The  i8th  was  a  fine 
Pleocoma  day  with  warmth  and  sunshine.  1  visited  well-known  haunts 
of/'.  Behreiisi  \nn  without  reward.  I  found  some  burrows  tliat  had  the 
correct  look  of  a  beetle  tunnel  but  my  tools  were  unequal  to  a  proper 
investigation.  The  same  day,  meeting  a  friend,  I  was  informed  he  had 
a  '"bug"  for  me  that  wlis  drowned  in  a  i)oe)l,  lormed  bv  the  heavy  rain. 
This  [)roved  to  be  a  large  male  of/*.  Belirensi.  Mr.  Oscar  Baron  fi)und 
that  P.  fimbriata  took  wing  in  the  rain,  which  observation  is  new.  The 
late  Dr.  [.  L.  Leconte,  in  a  letter  some  \ears  ago,  told  me  to  try  for  the 
capture  of  Pleocoma  by  the  means  of  artificial  light  in  the  night  time. 
This  method  was  not  credited  by  some  of  my  confreres  because  the  general 
experience  had  been  to  find  them  flung  in  the  day  time  and  usually  on 
the  first  fine  day  following  the  first  heavy  rain  of  the  season.  But  the  ex- 
perience of  Mr.  Oscar  Baron  again  steps  in  and  corroborates  Dr.  j.  L. 
Leconte's  account  of  the  habit  of  flying  b}'  night.  Mr.  Baron  occupied 
a  tent  during  a  rain-storm  in  November,  1887,  and  while  taking  his 
evening  meal  was  surprised  by  a  visitation  of  a  number  of  P.  fimbriata 
enteiing  his  tent,  charging  upon  his  light  and  e.xtinguishing  it  and  then 
falling  into  his  soup — thus  becoming  an  unruly  visitor. 

These  observations  go  to  show  that   the  habit  of /'/e'ocowa   is   not 
strictly  diurnal,  nor  is  it  nocturnal,  but  that  their  habit  is  to  travel  both 
by  day  and  night  and  that,  too,  either  in  the  sunshine  or  in  the  rain. 
November  21st,    1888. 


A  New  Pleocoma. 

Bv  J.   J.    Rivers. 

(University  of  California.) 


This  insect  through  the  form  of  its  antenna?  shows  a  special  affinit}- 
with  two  others  of  the  genus  and  these  three  possessing  fundamental 
correlated  characters  naturally  come  together  as  as  a  specialised  section. 
The  three  referred  to  are  P.  Rickseckeri,  P.  fimbriata  and  the  one  now 
to  be  described.     The  new  one  is  most  like  P.  Rickseckeri. 

Pleocoma  puncticollis,  n.  sp. 

Broadly  oval,  shinins^  black,  fimbriate  with  long  black    hair,    havint;    a  tendency 
to    rustincss.     Head    small,    eyes    large,    clypeal    liorn    reflexed    bifurcate   w  deeply 


— 18— 

cmarginate,  the  apices  being  obtuse  :  vertex  with  horn  only  ini]iressed  at  lip  and 
■scarcely  emarginate,  face  of  horn  flat  and  granulated  ;  genK  have  the  trout  margin- 
straight  with  their  apices  obtuse  or  truncate.  Antenna  stouter  than  in  the  allie-, 
the  3rd  joint  being  longer  than  the  4th  and  5th  combined,  the  6tli  tran-ver-e,  com- 
pressed on  the  upper  part  from  vvliich  proceed  several  short  seti^.  the  yth  joint  trans- 
verse with  longer  and  more  numerous  settv,  the  8th  joint  shorter  and  mucli  narrower 
than  the  nth,  the  gth  and  loth  being  nearly  equal  and  longest.  The  color  of  the 
lamellate  portion  dull  brown.  Thorax  twice  as  wide  as  long  and  wider  than  the 
elytra  at  their  juncture  ;  hind  angles  prominent,  sides  arcuate,  front  angles  rounded: 
on  the  front  margin  originates  a  median  channel  intercei)ted  by  a  bokl  swelling  on 
the  discal  area  ;  there  are  also  slight  depressions  at  the  side  a.id  front  maigin-  :  the 
whole  area  of  the  thorax  is  coarsely  and  closely  punctured  (almost  rugosely  punctate). 
Elytra  of  the  usual  form  but  the  whole  surface  is  smooth  and  shining,  the  gennnat'- 
stria}  being  represented  by  rows  of  punctures  at  wide  intervals  and  the  general  >culpt- 
ure  is  of  the  faintest  kmd.  The  legs  and  abdominal  surface  clothed  witli  long  black 
hair,  having  a  slight  rustine;-s  of  tone.      One  specimen.      Length,  26  nv.n. 

Collected  in  November  by.G.  W.  Dunn  in  the  Cuyamaca  Mts. , 
8  miles  from  Julian,  Cal. 

P.  piincticoUis  iliffeis  from  P.  Rkkscckeri  by  the  former  l)eing 
heavih-  punctured  all  over  the  di.sc  of  the  thorax,  while  in  the  latter  the 
.same  part  is  sparsely  and  lightly  punctured  :  there  is  also  the  same 
amount  of  difference  between  the  sculpturing  of  the  elytra  of  the  two 
but  in\-erseh',  the  surfaces  of  P.  piinclicoUis  being  smooth  while  in  P. 
Rickseckcri  thev  are  ornamented  with  wrinkled  elevations. 


North  American  Microlepidoptera. 
By  Prof.   C.    H.   Fernai.d. 

(Amherst,   Mass.) 


Tortrix  citrana,   n.  -i?. 

Expanse  ot  wings,  20  mm.  Head,  palpi,  thorax  and  fore  wings,  cinnamon 
brown,  varying  somewhat  in  different  specimens.  The  palpi  are  porrect,  compressed 
laterally,  and  the  la>t  joint  is  short  and  blunt.  The  thorax  has  a  very  small  tuft  be- 
hind wliich  is  tipped  with  ferruginous.  The  foie  wings  are  cro-sed  by  an  oblique, 
dark  brown  band  which  ari~es  from  the  middle  of  the  co^ta  and  the  outer  edge  ends 
near  the  anal  angle  while  the  inner  side  becomes  diffuse  and  shades  the  basal  portion 
of  the  wing  below  the  subcostal  more  or  less  completely.  A  triangular  brown  spot 
rests  on  the  outer  fourth  of  the  costa.  The  surface  of  the  wing,  when  viewed  obliriuely 
appears  to  be  crossed  by  a  large  series  ot  irregular  stripes  of  lead -colored  scales.  The 
termin  d  line  i^  dark  brown  when  present,  and  the  fringes  are  cinnamon  brown. 
Hind  wings  white,  tinged  with  steel-gray  on  the  anal  portion.  Underside  of  the  body 
and  wings,  pale  yellowish. 

Bred  from  Orange  in  California,  by  Mr.  Coquillett.  I  have  also 
seen  one  frcjm  the  leaves  of  Solidago  and  one  from  Willow,  all  from 
California. 


—19— 
Book   Notice. 


An  Introduction  to  Entomology,   By  John  Henry  Comstock,  Ithaca,  N.  Y., 
iSSS.      I'liMislit-d   by  the  author.     Part  I,  pp.  I  to  VI  and  i  to  234,   ff.  201. 

I  li!s  book,  so  far  as  il  t^oes,  fills  one  of  the  spaces  so  long  left 
vacant  by  American  writers.  It  presents  in  a  form,  suitable  for  use  in 
the  cla.ss-mom,  the  ts.sential  parts  of  Insect  .\natomv  and  even  goes 
further,  and  lays  the  basis  for  an  ability  to  continue  independant  and 
original  observation.  Not  only  to  the  student  in  the  class-room  is  it 
valuable  however — il  had  missed  a  large  fiekl  of  usefulness  else — but 
also  to  the  enterprising  young  man  or  boy  with  an  intense  longing  to 
know  something  about  general  Insect  structure,  but  without  money  to 
bu\-  .1  lil>rary  or  access  10  any  large  Public  Librar}'.  So  far  as  it  goes, 
it  comprises  Chapters  on  the  Anatomy  and  Metamorphoses  of  Insects, 
the  general  or  Ordinal  Classification,  and  the  Classification  of  the 
T/ivs(iiinra,  Pseudonciiropfcra  OrUioplera,  Pliysopoda,  He/iiip/era  and 
Xeurop/era.  The  general  {)lan  throughout  is  to  give  at  once  a  tabular 
or  synoptic  statement  of  the  classification,  and  then  in  a  somewhat  more 
elaborate  manner  to  define  all  the  divisions  so  far  as  within  the  scope 
of  the  work.  I'hese  synoptic  or  tabular  statements  constitute  one  of 
the  most  useful  and  unique  ])ortions  of  the  work,  and  in  this  alone  Prof 
Comstock's  book  will  be  entitled  to  the  highest  commendation.  It  is 
really  what  it  pretends  to  be.— an  Introductory  work,  in  which  any  one 
intLMestetl  can  obtain  a  knowledge  of  the  general  classification  of  Insects. 
The  acio])iion  of  the  more  simple  of  the  ordinal  divisions,  deserves  com- 
mendation. The  more,  as  the  minute  and  complex  divisions  of  some 
of  our  more  modern  Authors  are  sufficiently  indicated.  Taken  as  a 
whole,  it  is  by  far  the  most  practical  and  generally  useful  work  that  has 
been  published  in  America.  But  while  thus  emphatic  and  sincere  in 
its  ])raise,  we  cannot  forbear  to  call  attention  to  what  we  consider  im- 
periections  which  can  perhaps  be  obviated  in  the  other  parts  of  the  work. 
The  description  of  the  anatomical  details  is  somewhat  unnecessarih- 
dry  :  tiie  subject  might  have  been  made  somewhat  more  interesting  and 
atlraciive  to  the  individual  student.  A  more  serious  objection  is  to  the 
illustrations:  some  of  the  original  drawings  are  undeniably  poor.  In 
some,  even  those  showing  anatomical  details,  the  artist,  by  close  line 
shading,  has  made  the  drawing  very  obscure,  where  the  simple  outline 
would  not  oidy  have  answered  the  purpose  better  but  would  have  printed 
more  clearly.  The  lettering  and  numbering  of  details  are  often  indistinct 
wheie  the  greatest  clearness  would  seem  to  be  indicated.  Few  of  the 
oriuinal  illustrations  are  of  a  really  high  character.  While  we  are  glad 
to  see  that  Prof  Comstock    has   very   largely   restricted   the    use  of  the 


—  20 — 

Special  terms  (caudad,  ventrad,  &c. ),  proposed  by  Prof.  Wilder,  we 
think  their  omission  in  some  of  the  cases  where  used  would  have  been 
of  decided  advantage:  for  instance,  on  page  lo,  he  says  ''The  gencT'  or 
cheeks  are  the  lateral  portion  of  the  epicranium,  which  are  usuall}' 
ventrad  of  the  eyes  and  caudad  of  the  mandibles."  Would  it  not  have 
been  just  as  accurate,  just  as  scientific,  and  much  more  intelligible  to 
have  located  them  de/oza  the  eyes  ami  behind  the  mandibles  ?  We  really 
cannot  see  the  advantage  of  the  unnecessary  use  of  unusual  and  ultra- 
technical  terms  in  an  Introductory  work.  With  these  small  faultfind- 
ings, we  most  heartily  recommend  the  book  to  all  students  of  Entomo- 
logy, old  or  young. 

Washington,  D.  C.  John   B.    Smith. 


Books  and  Pamphlets  received  during  Oct.  and  Nov.,  1888. 

October. 

Prairie  Farmer,  Oct.    lS88. 

Proc.   Amer.  Ass'n  for  Adv.   of  Science,  Vol.   XXXVI,   1887. 

We.-it  American  Scientist,   May,    1888. 

Ottawa  Naturalist,  April  and  June,    1888. 

Review  of  Species  01  Pleocoma,   by   Dr.   Geo.  II.  Morn. 

Obs.  on  Corn  Insects,   by  F.  M.  VVebster. 

Report  on   Injects  of  the  Season   in   Iowa,   V^y   II.  M.  Osborn. 

Journal  Trenton  Nat.    Hist.   SoJety,  No.   3. 

Journal  of  Cinii.   Society  of  Nat.    History,   Vol.   II,   Nos.   2  and  3 

Canadian  Naturalist,  Vol.   XX,   Nos.  10  and  11. 

Hawk  Moths  of  North  America,  by  A    R.  C.rote. 

Le  Naturaliste  Canadienne,   Vol.   XVIII,   No.  3. 

Naturae  novitates,   Nos.  17  to  20. 

Correspondeiizbiatt  des  Entomoioi^n'schen  Vereins  "Iris"  zu  Dresden,   Vol.  V. 

Horae  Societatis  Entomologicae  Ros^icae,   Vol.   XXI. 

Bulletin  de  la  Socieie  entomoloirique  Suisse,   Vol,   VIII,   No.  i. 

Comptes-rendus  de  Seances  de  la  Socieie  entomoloj^ique  de  Belijique,   Nos.  1-5. 

Verhandlun^en   der  Kaiserlith-Koniglichen   zoolni^isch-botanischen  Gcscllschaft 

in  VVien,  Vol.  XXXVIII.   Nos.  i  and  2.       ^ 
Bulletin  de  la  Socieie  Imperiale  des  Naturalistes  de  Moscow,  Nos.  i  and  2,    1888. 

November. 

Prairie  Farmer,   November,   1888. 

Naturae  novitates,   Nos.  16  and  21. 

Ottawa  Naturalist,   Seiitember  aiid  October,    iSSS. 

Preliminary  List  of  Myiia]5oda  ot  Arkansas,   by  Chas.  H.  Bollman. 

l8th  Annual  Report  of  Entomological  Society  (jf  Ontario,    1887. 

Entomologiske  raedelleser  udgivne  of  Kntomolo^isk    forening,    ved   Fr.    Meinert, 

Copenhagen,   1888. 
Comptes-rendus  de  la  Sotie'.e  Entomologique  de  Belgique,   No.  104. 
Introduction  to  Entomology  by  Prof.  J.  Henry  Comstock,   Part  I. 
Trans.  Amer.  Ento.  Society  of  Piiil.,  Vol.  XV,  Nos.  2  and  3. 
Proc.  of  Arad.  of  Nat.  Science-,  of  Phila.,    Part  2,    1888. 
Psyche,   No.  149  and  150. 

Report  of  Prof.  Riley,  U.  S.  Entomologist,   for  18S7. 
Journal  N.  Y.  Microscopical  Society,  Vol.  VI,  No.  4. 
Bulletin  2  and  4  of  E.xperiment  Station  of  College  of  Agriculture,    University  of 

Minnesota. 
Annales  del  Museo  Nacional,  Rcpublica  de  Costa  Rica,  Part  II,  1888. 

R.  T.  Pearsall,  Librarian. 


AmerigAna 


VOL,  V. 


BROOKLYN,  FEBRUARY,  1889. 


NO.  2. 


A    GENERIC   SYNOPSIS   OF   THE    FULGORIDiE. 

By  Wm.    H.   Ashmead. 


(Continued  from  p,  6.] 


(Family  II.     FULGORIDiE.) 

Subfamily  VI.     DICTYOPHARIN^. 
TABLE  OF  GENERA, 

Head  as  broad  as  the  prothorax,  arcuated  before G.  i.     Cladypha,  A.  et  S. 

Head  narrower  than  the  prothorax. 

Elytra  with  small  and  qnadrant^ular  cells  of  the  same  size  ;  head  rather  small, 

rounded  before G.  2.     Pterodictya,   Burm. 

Elytra  with  forked  nerviires  and  elongated  cells,   less  numerous  at  their  basal 
half;  head  more  or  less  prolonged  beyond  the  eyes. 

Elytra  not  separated  into  two  parts  by  an  elevated  line 2. 

Elytra  divided  into  two  parts  by  an  elevated,   transverse  line 

G.  3.    Dichoptera,   Spinola. 
Elytra  with  basal  cells  somewhat  elongated  beyond  the  middle,   followed  by  three 

rows  of  very  small  cells,  narrow  and  arranged  in  a  concentric  half  circle 

G.  4.     Lappida,  A.  et  S. 

l-'.lytra  with  the  discoidal  flap  with  an   infinite    number   of  anastomosing   veins  or 

ramifications,    extending    in    all    directions    and    distributing    into    an  infinite 

number  of  cellules  of  different  shape G.  5.    Plegmatoptera,   Spinola. 

Elytra  not  having  three  rows  of  cells  arranged   in   a  concentric  circle  at  their  ex- 
tremity. 

Cephalic  prolongation  in  a  pointed  or  subcylindric  cone  ;  vertex  narrow 

G.  6.     Dictyophara,   Germar. 
Cephalic  prolongation  but  slightly    longer    than    wide,    rounded    before  ;  vertex 

large,  flattened,  facetted G.  7.     Monopsis,  Spinola. 

Cephalic  prolongation  long  and    slender  ;  head    with  a   distinct  callosity  behind 

the  eyes  ;  vertex  with  the  lateral  margins  slightly  dilated 

G.  8.     Scolops,   Germar. 


—  22 

SuBFAMii.v  VII.     FULGORINiE. 

TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

Head  with  a  cephalic  proloiiL;alion 3, 

Head  witliout  a  cephahc  proloiiLjation. 

Head  broad  with(->ut  a  longitudinal  keel  on  the  vertex 2. 

Head  veiy  narrow  witli  a  longitudinal  keel  on  the  vertex. 

Mesothorax  with  three  regular  longitudinal  keels,  of  which  the  two  lateral  ones 
are  curved  and  united  at  the  anterior  margin  ;  frons  broad,  feebly  keeled. . 

G.  I.    Aphana,   Guer. 

Mesothorax  without  keels  ;  elytra  very  large,  one  or  more  times  longer  than 

the  body G.  2.     Phenax,   Germar. 

2  Head  cut  straight  before  the  eyes  ;  a  spine  above  each  eye  ;  frons  nearly  vertical 

with  three  distinct  facets ('■  3-     Hypaepa,   Stal. 

Head  curved  before  ;  no  spine  above  the  eyes. 

Elytra  opaque  tiieir  whole  length  ;  last  dorsal  segment  not  covering  the  extremity 

of  the  abdomen  in  the  O  G.  4.     Piocera,  Laporte. 

Eiyti-a  coriaceous  at  the  base  only,  last  dorsal  segment  covering  the  extremity  of 

the  abdomen  in  the  '-J    G.  3.     Calyptoproctus,  Spinola. 

Frons  nearly  horizontal,  divided  into  three   not   very    distinct   facets  :  second  joint 
of  antennae  spherical Ci.  6.     Homalocephala,  Spinola. 

3  Cheeks  without  a  spuie  or  tubercle  anteriorly 4. 

Cheeks  with  a  spine  or  tubercle  anteriorly. 

Cephalic  protuberance  horizontally  directed  before,    inflated  and  vesiculose 

(i.  7.     Laternaria,  Stal. 

Cephalic  protuberance  not  at  all  inflated  or  vesiculose  ;  protuberance  suddenly 

enlarged  at  its  extremity G.  8.     Phrictus,  Spinola. 

4  Vertex  twice  the  breadth  of  the  rounded  eyes. 

Protul)erance  insensibly  narrowing  from  the  base  to  the  apex 

G.  9.    Enchophora,   Spinola. 
Vertex    much    broader    than    the    eyes  ;     protuberance    long,     rounded    or    sub- 
tetragonal. 
Cheeks  at  apex  before  the  eyes  truncated  ;  frons    at    apex    slightly  sinuate,   with 
two  or   three  longitudinal   keels  ;  feet    slender,    scutellum    slightly  keeled  ; 

protuberance  more  or  less  curved G.  10.     Fulgora,   Linn. 

Cheeks  at  apex  before  the  eyes  rounded  or  subtruncately  rounded  ;  frons  at  apex 

deeply  sinuate  ;  scutellum  not  keeled  ;  protuberance  straight 

G.  II.     Pyrops,   Spinola. 
Vertex  very  broad,  both  sides  ot  frons   at  apex   lobate,    above   the   lobe    upwards, 
more  or  less  enlarged. 
Fifth  dorsal  plate  of  the  abdomen  operculiform,    forming   a  covering  for  the  fol- 
lowing segment G.  12.     Episcius,   Spinola. 

Fifth  dorsal  plate  of  abdomen  of  ordinary  form G.  13.     Dilobura,   Spinola. 

Subfamily  VIII.     CIXIIN.<E. 
TABLE  OF  TRIBES. 
A  Ocelli  2  ;  vein  of  clavus  not  reaching  to  the  apex,    or  united  with  the  commissural 
margin  near  the  apex. 
Last  joint  of  the  rostrum  elongated,  last  joint  of  posterior  tibiie  elongated. 
Head  narrower  than  the  thorax. 


—23— 

Sides  of  olypeus  keeled Tribe  I.    ACHILINI. 

Sides   of  ciypeus  not  keeled  ;  thorax   with    three   keels    

Tribe  II.    TRCTPIDUCTIINI. 
Last  joint  of  the  rostrum  short  or  very  short. 

Head  sometimes  not  narrower  than  the  thorax  ;  thorax  not  keeled  or  with  one 

obsolete  keel Tribe  III.     DERBINI. 

B  Ocelli  most  frequently  3,  the  third  ocellus  on  the  apex  of  the  frons  and  seldom 
wanting;  vein  of  clavus  reaching  to  the  apex,  or  united  with  the  suture  of 
the  clavus  near  the  apex Tribe  IV.    CIXIINI. 

Tribe  I.  •  ACHILINI. 

TABLE   OF  GENERA, 

Anterior  tibia;  about   equal  to   the  femora    and    trochanters    united,  or  somewhat 
shorter. 
Posterior  tibire  with  one  spine  or  without  spines. 

Head  and  thorax  of  equal  breadth    G.  i.     Plectoderes,  iSpinola. 

Head  narrower  than  the  thorax. 

Vertex  short,  transverse,  not  or  scarcely  prominent  before  the  eyes,   or  con- 
fused wilh  the  frons  ;  posterior  tibiie  with  one  spine. 
Vertex  distinct,  anterior  margin  obtusely   rounded   or  angulated  ;  thorax 

twice  as  broad  as  the  head G.  2.     Achilus,   Kirby. 

Vertex,  before  the  eyes,  distinctly  produced. 

Eyes  subrotund,  beneath  scarcely  sinuate;  wings  with  elongate  areas  be- 
fore  the  apical   areas  ;  frons  narrowed  upwards    

G.  3.     Helicoptera,   A.  et  S. 

Tribe  n.     TROPIDUCHINI. 

TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

^'ertex  truncate  at  base  ;  thorax  slightly  and  broadly  roundedly  sinuated  at  base.  .  4. 
Vertex  emarginated  at  base  ;  thorax  posteriorly  angularly  emarginated. 

Radial  vein  forked  before  the  middle  or  near  the  base  of  the  wings 3. 

Radial  vein  of  wings  simple  or  behind    the   middle  of  wings,    or    at    least  much 
longer  at  the  base  than  the  forked  interior  ulnar  vein. 
Wings  oval,  convex,  horny,  sprinkled  with  dense,  depressed  granules,  obsoletely 

veined G.  i .     Grynia,  Stal. 

Wings  membranous,  distinctly  veined. 

Head    depressed  ;    frons  subhorizontal  :    wings    with    a    series    of   strongly 
oblique  transverse  veins,  extending  straight   posteriorly    and   outwardly 

to  the  apex  of  the  clavus   G.  2.    Tambina,   Still. 

Frons  more  or  less  reclining,  never  horizontal  ;  anterior  tibite  equal  in  length  to  the 

femora  and  trochanters  united  or  somewhat  shorter. 
Lateral  margins  of  ciypeus  distinctly   keeled  ;  veins    of  clavus  united   very  much 

behind  the  middle 2. 

Lateral  margins  of  ciypeus  obtuse,    sometimes    slightly  keeled    at  base  ;  wings  ex- 
tending much  beyond  apex  of  abdomen. 
Wings  with  a  double  series  of  transverse  veins  toward  apex,  exterior  ulnar  vein 
simple. 


—24— 

Head  short,  somewhat  prominent  before  the  eyes  ;  vertex  arcuate,  very  short  ; 
frons   not    keeled,    with    two   lonsi;itudinal    impressions;  sides    of  clypeus 

slii^htly  keeled  at  base  ;  veins  of  clavus  united  before  the  middle    

G.  3.     Rudia,  Stal. 

Head  moderately  produced  bt-fore  the  eyes  ;  vertex  profluced  ;  frons  distinctly 
keeled  ;  costa  remote  from  mari^in,  sending  out  numerous  transverse 
nervules G.  4.    Numcia,  Stal. 

2  Anterior  tibiie   somewhat  longer   than    the   femora    and  trochanters  iniited  ;  head 

short,  somewhat  prominent  before  the  eyes,  obtuse  ;  frons  somewhat  convcxly 
reflexcd  at  base,  also  without  a  keel  at  base  ;  sides  of  clypeus  obtusely  sub- 
carinated. 

Head  very  slightly  prominent  before  the  eyes G.  5.     Clardea,  Signoret. 

Head  very  much  produced   liefore  the  eyes  ....    G.  6.     Conchoptera,   Stiil. 

Wings   subelongated,    scarcely    enlaiged    toward    apex  ;  frons  wiih  a  median 

keel,  obliterated  toward^  the  base    G.  7.     Isporisa,   Stal. 

Wings  toward  apex  gradually,  greatly  etilarged  ;  frons   without  a  keel 

G.  8.     Paricana,  Stal. 

3  Exterior  margin  of  wing  all  greatly  rounded  ;   radial  vein  forked  nearer  to  the  base 

than   to   the  interior  ulnar  vein,  emitting  olilique  branches 

G.  9.    Alcestis,  Stal. 

Costal  margin  of  wing  scarcely  or  slightly  rounded  ;  the  radial  and   interior  ulnar 

veins  very  much  alike  forked  from  base,  without  branches,   costa  remote  from 

margin  and  emitting  numerous  transverse  veins  ;  frons  with  one  or  three  keels. 

Head  Very  greatly  triangularly  produced G.  10.     Daradax,   Stiil. 

Head  slightly  prominent  before  the  eyes,  obtu-e   .  .  .G.  11.    Tropiduchus,   Stiil. 

4  Body  broad,  oval,  depressed  ;  wings  depressed,  slightly  horny,  reaching  somewhat 

beyond  the  apex  of  abdomen G.  12.     Gastrina,   Stiil. 

Tribe  HI.     DERBINI. 
TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

Head  narrower  than  the  thorax 2. 

Head  and  thorax  of  equal  breadth      G.  i.     Fescennia,   Stiil. 

2  Antennre  with  appendages  at  base  ;  last  joint  of  rostrum  twice  longer  than  broad    . 

G.  2.     Otiocera,  Kirby. 
AntenncE  without  appendages. 

Second  antennal  joint  oblong  or  elongated,  apex  with  a  sinus  above 3. 

Second  antennal  joint  of  variable  length,  subglobose  or  elongated,   apex  without  a 

sinus  above. 

Antennae  remote  from  clypeus,  inserted  close  to  the  eyes  or  behind   the  inferior 

part  of  the  cheeks. 

Wings  from  within  behind  the  clavus,  dilated,  rather  long,  obliquely  roundedly 

truncate  at  apex  ;  clypeus  somewhat  longer  than  the  frons,   narrow,   with 

keels  ;  scutellum  with  three  keels G.  3.     Flaccia,  Stal. 

Wings  from  within  behind  the  clavus  not  enlarged. 

Head  before  the  eyes  strongly  produced. G.  4.    Persis,  Stal. 

Antennse  inserted  on  the  inferior  part  of  the  cheeks  near  the  clypeus. 

Head  before  the  eyes  very  slightly  prominent,  compressed 

G.  5.     Phenice,  Westwood. 
Head  before  the  eyes  greatly  produced G.  6.    Halcita,  Stiil. 


—  25  — 

3  Wings  very  liroad  at  the  middle,  narrowed  behind  the  middle. 

Second  antennal  joint  suboblong  or  somewhat  elongated 

G.  7.    Mysidia,  Westwood. 

Second  antennal  joint  short,  tuberculate  with  a  dorsal  seta 

G.  8.     Ceuchrea,  Westwood. 
Wings  not  so  broad  in  the  middle. 

Second    antennal   joint    elongated,    sublinear,    compressed,     slightly    obliquely 
truncate  at  apex,   setigcrous  ;  head   compressed,    subtriangiilar,  with  two 
keels  ;  frons  subrostrate,  rostrum  straight  ;  eyes  prominent,  subluiiate.  ... .  . 

G.  9.    Anotia,   Kn-by. 

Tribe  IV.     CIXIINI. 
TABLE  OF  GENERA. 
Posterior  tibiie  with  one  or  three  spines. 

Head  with  three  triangular  or  transversely  quadrangular  facets 2. 

Head  without  facets,  prominent. 

Vertex  pentagonal,   angularly    grooved    posteriorly   or    sinuately    curved  ;  frons 
almost  a  right- angle,  twice  longer  than  wide,  high  at  its  apex. 
Elytra  enlarged  behind  the  clavus,  covering  one  another  ;  posterior  tibire  with 

one  small  spine  in  the  middle     G.  I.     Cixidia,   Fieber. 

Elytra  of  equal  breadth,  posteriorly  rounded   not  dilated  ;  posteri(jr  tibiae  with 

three  spines G.  2.     Ommatissus,   Fieber. 

2  Wings  broadly  triangular  behind,  trilobed  at  their  exterior  margin  near  the  flexible 

suture   tj.  3-    Trirhacus,  Fieber. 

Wings  not  lobed  at  their  posterior  border,  feebly  curved  ;    pronotum  strongly,  sub- 
angularly  incised  posteriorly. 

Mesonotum  with  three  keels G.  4.     Cixius,   Latreille. 

Me~onotum  with  five  keels. 

Vertex    elongate    pentagonal  ;  frons    with    the   median    keel    simple  at  apex  ; 
scutellum  with    the  intermediate    keel    feeble  ;  posterior    tibia;    with    two 

spines tr.  5.    Hyalesthes,   Signoret. 

Vertex  more  or  less  broadly  pentagonal  with  sharp  ridges  ;  scutellum    with  all 

the  keels  distinct  ;    posterior  tibiae  with  three  spines 

G.  6.     Oliarus,   Stal. 

Subfamily  IX.     DELPHACINiE. 

TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

AntenniB  of  variable  length,  the  second  joint  longer  than  the  first 2. 

Antennae  long,  first  joint  longer  than  the  second. 

First  antennal  joint  compressed,  somewhat  dilated  above  and  below. 

Anterior  legs  dilated,  foliaceous G.  I.    Asiraca,   Latreille. 

Anterior  legs  not  dilated,  simple. 

Head  as  broad  as  the  thorax  ;  antennae  and  legs  moderate 

G.  2.  Areopus,   Spinola. 
Head  narrower  than  thorax  ;  frons  narrow,    elongate,    narrowed   upwards  ; 

antennas  and  legs  long G.  3.    Sparnia,  Stal. 

First  antennal  joint,  subcylindncal,  not  compressed  ;  legs  long,  simple 

G.  4.    Hapalomelus,  Stal. 

2  Antennae  greatly  lengthened,  dilated G.  5.     Copicerus,  Schwarz. 

Antennae  simple,  cylindrical  or  somewhat  compressed. 


—  26— 

Antennse  somewhat  shortened,  first  joint  short   3. 

Antennfe  very  long,  first  joint  elongated. 
Scutellum  with  5  keels. 

Anterior  tibiae  longer  than  the  femora  and  trochanters  united. 

Interior  ulnar  and  radial  veins  of  corium  of  equal  length,  forked  at  base 

G.  6.    Hygyops,  A.  et  S. 

Interior  ulnar  vein  shorter  than  the  radial,   the  latter  forked  at  base 

G.  7.    Canyra,  Stal. 

Anterior  tibi;e  as  long  as  the  femora G.  8,    Livatis,   Stal. 

3  Head  broader  than  thorax   G.  9.    Amblycotis,  Still. 

Head  narrower  than  thorax  or  of  ecjual  breadth. 

Elytra  convex.  . G.  10.     Rhinotettix,   Still. 

Elytra  flat  or  somewhat  flattened. 

Posterior  tarsi  shorter  than  their  tibipe 8. 

Posterior  tarsi"  as  long  as  their  tibire. 

Side  keels  of  pronotum  oblique,  shortened  behind 4. 

Side  keels  of  pronotum  attaining  the  postei  ior   margin,    divergent  ;  frons  with 

a  median  keel. 

Vertex  a  long  isosceles  triangle,    without   grooves  or    fovea?,    with  a  median 

keel  extending  Irom  one  extremity  to  the  other,    ]-)iolonged   lu-yoiid  the 

eyes  nearly  half  their  length  ;  clypeus  with   a   median   keel ;  basal  an- 

tennal  joint  about  one-third  the  length    of   second,    thick,    cylindrical; 

posterior  tibire  with  two  spines G,  11.     Tropidocephala,  Still. 

Vertex  elongated,  quadrangular,  more  or  less  prolonged  before  the  eyes  ; 
frons  with  a  median  keel  biforked  on  the  vertex  ;  clypeus  with  a  sharp 
median  keel ;  basal  antennal  joint    cylindrical,    somewhat    comjiressed, 

two-thirds  the  length  of  second   which  is  cylindrical 

G.  12.     Megamelus,   Fieber. 

4  Frons  M'ith  two  distinct  keels,  or  else  feeble  above  or   nearly    effaced,    or    more  or 

less  longly  peduncled  toward  clypeus 6. 

Frons  with  one  distinct  median  keel,  entire  or  shortened,  often  scarcely,  visible. 
Frons  with  the  apex  of  vertex  forming  an  obtuse  angle  ;  vertex  pentagonal, 
short,  as  long  as  wide  at  the  base  ;  pronotum  short,  half  as  long  as  wide  at 
the  base,  pronotum  short,  half  as  long  as  the  vertex  with  a  median  keel  ; 
side  keels  robust  when  with  short  elytra,  feeble  when  with  elytra  \\  oil  de- 
veloped   t^i-  ij-     Delphacinus,   Fieber. 

Frons  at  apex  and    vertex    at    apex,    truncated  ;  vertex    quadrate    or   elongated 
nearly  trapezoidal. 
Vertex  a  short  isosceles  triangle,  or  transversely  quadrangular  slightly  passing 

the  eye 5- 

Vertex  quadrangular,  elongated  or  trapezoidal,   twice  as  long  as  wide,  passing 
nearly  half  or  more  than  half  its  length    before    the   eyes  ;  first   posterior 
tarsal  joint  much  longer  than  2  and  3  united,   joints    i    and   2   deeply  ex- 
cised at  the  apex,  their  lobes  straight. 
Vertex  elongated,  trapezoidal,  visibly  wider  at  the  nape  of  the  neck  than  at 
the  apex  ;  frons  elongated  nearly  hexagonal,   widest  about  the  middle 
or  at  the  apical  third G.  14.     Chlorion,   Fieber. 

5  Frons  with  keel  entire  or  forked  only  at  the  apex 

G.  15.    Delphax,  Fabr.  (=  Liburnia,   Stiil.) 


Fions  ami  vertex  strait^ht  at  the  apex  ;  vertex  quadrate  ;  elytra  clear  in  their  two 
forms,  but  also  black  or  brown  when  they  are  short,  sometimes  frini^ed  with 
white 7- 

6  Frons  and  vertex  obtusely  an;^al.ir  at   a]K'x,    sides   elevated    at    the    base,    pressed 

a':;ainst  the  eyes  at  apex  ;  head    seen  from  the  side  short,  cone-shaped  ;  vertex 
before  pentagonal ;  body  short  and  black,  even   as  are  the  elytra  which  are 
coriaceous. 
Frons  with  two  sharp  keels  curved  outv\'ardly,   approachmg  very   close  and  con- 
verging at  the  apex,  slightly  separated  from  each  other  at  the  clypeus  which 

is  convex  and  without  keels G.  i6.    Jassidaeus,   Fieber. 

Frons  with  feeble  traces  of  2  keels,  more  distinct  in  th*e  9.   ^'-''"y  rarely  touiid  in 

the    3   ;  clypeus  convex  with  a  short  and  feeble  keel,  sides  keeled    

G.  17.     Metropis,  Fieber. 

7  Frons    with    the   keel   forked    much   befoie   the   vertex 

G.  18.     Dicranotropis,   Fieber. 

Frons  with  2  sharp  keels  as  far  as  the  vertex  parallel,  afterwards  coming  together 
at  the  level  of  the  clypeus G.  19.     Achorotele,  Fieber. 

8  Frons  with  two  distinct  keels 11  • 

Frons  without  a  keel  or  only  feeble  traces  of  a  keel   10. 

Frons  with  a  distinct  median  keel. 

Fions  long,  narrowed,  much  narrowed  towards  apex,  sides  generally  curved 
outwardly,  at  the  apex  a  sharp,  biforked  keel  extending  nearly  to  the 
angles  of  the  na]:)e  of  the  neck,  with  an  angular  keel  lietween  the  two 
branches  ;  wing  nerves  strong,  prominent  ;  basal  antennal  joint  short,  almost 
as  long  as  wide G.  20.     Stenocranus,  Fieber. 

Frons  elongated,  nearly  hexagonal,  wider  towards  the  inferior  angles  of  the  eyes, 
Its  apex  ordinarily  truncate,  very  rarely  curved  ;  the  median  keel  feeble, 
generally  curved,  sometimes  straight,  lost  at  the  apex,  again  distinct  on  the 
vertex  and  forked  towards  the  angles  of  the  nape  of  the  neck  ;  basal  anten- 
nal joint  short,  a  little  longer  than  wide G.  21.     Kelisia,   Fieber. 

Vertex   short,    an    isosceles    triangle    or   transversely   triangular,    slightly    passing 

the  eye 9. 

Vertex  elongated,  quadrangular  or  trapezoidal,  passing  beyond  the  eyes,  nearly, 
or  more  than  half  its  length. 

Vertex  rectangular,  not  one  and  a  half  tunes  as  long  as  wide  ;  frons  of  nearly 
equal  breadth  between  the  eyes,  a  little  narrower  towards  the  apex  and  sin- 
uated,  about  three  times  as  long  as  wide  at  the  clypeus  ;  median  keel  of 
frons  shar|).  forked  before  the  apex  to  scarcely  back  of  the  middle  of  the 
vertex,  shortened  here  by  the  angular  projection  and  directed  on  the  angle 
of  the  nape  of  the  neck  ;  basal  antennal  joint  cylindrical,  more  than  twice 
as  long  as  wide G.  22.    Euides,   Fieber. 

9  F'rons  elongated,  almost  hexagonal,    broader  between    the    inferior    angles   of   the 

eyes,  towards  the  apex  at  the  sides,  short,  towards  the  base  at  the  sides,  long, 
much  narrower  at  the  clypeus  then  at  its  apex  which  is  straight,  median  keel 
sharp  on  the  fions,  which  is  smooth,  forked  before  the  apex,  basal  antennal 
joint  short,  thickened,  compressed,  prolonged  to  the  middle  of  the  cheek, 
slightly  longer  than  half  the  length  of  the  second  ;  the  second  joint  seen  from 
before  broader  at  the  base,  slightly  compressed,  and  with  an  elongated  hump 
near  its  miiklle  beneath,    where   there  is   a   small   groove   at   the  prominertt 


—  2«— 

border,    superior    part    of  joint    narrower,    cylindrical 

G.  23.    Conomelus,   Fieber. 

10  Frons  rectangular,  twice  as  long  as  wide,  its  sides  smooth,  somewhat  emarginate; 

pronotum  as  long  as  the  vertex  with  a  sharp  median  keel ;  basal  antennal  joint 

long,  cylindrical,  reaching  the  extremity  of  the  cheek,  more  than  three  quarters 

as  long  as  the  second,  which  is  a  little  thicker,  reaching  to  the  extremity  of  the 

clypeal  margins G.  24.     Kormus,   Fieber. 

Frons  elongated,  almost  hexagonal,  broader  at  the  middle,  the  sides  feebly  emarg- 
inated,  sometimes  nearly  obtusely  angular  at  the  eyes,  slightly  more  than  twice 
as  long  as  wide  at  the  middle  ;  pronotum  visibly  shorter  than  the  vertex, 
posterior  margin  feebly  grooved  in  an  obtuse  angle,  the  median  keel  feeble, 
the  side  keels  distinct  only  at  the  base,  obliquely  curved  around  the  eyes;  basal 
antennal  joint  short,  cylindrical,  reaching  almost  to  the  middle  of  the  cheek, 
thickened,  about  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  second  which  is  robust  and 
slighdy  passes  the  frons G.  25.     Eurysa,  Fieber. 

Subfamily  X.     TETTIGOMETRIN^. 
TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

Vertex  horizontal  ;  frons  obliquely  directed,  short  ;  clypeus  without  keels  and  in- 
serted in  the  extremity  of  the  frons  which  is  grooved,  rounded 

G.  I.    Tettigometra,  Latreille. 


Notes  on  Zeuzera  pyrina,   Fabr. 
By  J.   B.   Angelman. 


August  14th,  1887,  I  took  at  an  electric  light  in  Newark,  N.  J., 
three  specimens  of  this  insect.  Previous  to  that  time  I  had  never  seen 
a  specimen  of  the  insect  taken  in  America,  nor  had  it  been  taken  so  far 
as  I  could  learn  by  any  of  the  Newark  collectors. 

In  1888  I  took  the  insect  again.  The  first  specimen  was  taken  on 
June  14th,  and  I  continued  taking  others  at  intervals  up  to  as  late  as 
Sept.  27th.  Altogether  I  took  45  males  and  i  female.  The  latter  was 
not  taken  at  light  as  were  the  others  but  was  found  on  the  side-walk 
after  it  had  been  stepped  on  by  some  passer-by.  I  learn  from  various 
collectors  that  it  was  taken  quite  commonly  this  year  at  the  electric 
lights,  and  extending  over  a  considerable  length  of  time. 

We  can  from  the  above  be  assured  of  two  things:  ist,^ — that  Zeu- 
zera pyriiia,  Fabr.,  is  permanently  settled  with  us  and  exists  in  consider- 
able numbers  and  a  considerable  range  of  country  about  New  York. 
2nd, — its  time  of  appearance  varies  very  greatly  as  I  took  it  off  and  on 
for  a  period  of  106  days  during  the  season  of  1888. 


—  29-- 

A  List  of  the  BUPRESTID^  of  New  England. 

iW    Frp:DERICK    Jk.ANCHAKU. 


The  present  list  of  all  the  species  of  BupreslidLC  known  to  me  to 
have  been  found  in  New  England,  at  the  same  lime  includes  a  strictly 
local  list,  the  species  cjuoted  from  Massachusetts  without  any  authority, 
having  occured  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  Lowell. 

As  bearing  upon  the  local  fauna  it  might  be  mentioned  that  the 
Black  Spruce  grows  near  Low-ell  only  in  cold  swamps  though  generally 
distributed  farther  north  and  in  more  elevated  localities  in  this  State. 
The  Poplar  mentioned  is  probabl}-  always  the  Popidus  iremuhndes,  al- 
though the  P.  grandidentata  is  also  credited  to  this  locality. 

Two  Buprestides  only,  appear  to  frequent  herbaceous  plants  in  such 
a  way  as  to  indicate  the  probability  of  their  breeding  in  them,  namely, 
Agrihis  iiubellis  and  Pachyscelus  luvigatus.  It  seems  quite  likely  how- 
ever that  Taphrocerus  gracilis  may  in  this  respect  be  classed  with  them. 

It  will  be  observed  that  some  sf)ecies  are  noted  as  occurring  on 
Pitch  Pines  and  at  the  same  time  as  breeding  ui  W  hite  Pines.  ]\Iany 
adult  species  frequent  and  feed  upon  the  needles  of  the  former,  some- 
times in  very  considerable  numbers,  while  the  White  Pine  yields  very 
few  specimens  of  any  kind  in  beating.  1  suspect  that  many  species  breed 
indifferently  in  both  ot  the  Pines  mentioned. 

1.  Chalcophora  vvgmietisis,   Drury. — Appears    in    the    middle    of  May 

through  June  and  into  July  and  again  in  the  Fall  frequenting  Pitch 
Pines  [P.  rigida).  A  living  specimen  was  dug  from  a  White  Pine 
i^P.  slrobus)  stump  in  July.  Another  specimen  is  marked  as  taken 
Oct.   17,   Mass. 

2.  C.  libcria.  Germ. — Appears  with  the  above.      One  specimen  is  dated 

Aug.  2.  A  pair  were  once  found  dead  in  a  Pitch  Pine  slump  under 
rather  curious  conditions.  Their  burrow  s  approached  each  other 
obliquely  and  the  two  specimens  were  tightly  wedged  together  at  the 
junction  of  the  burrows  about  an  inch  from  the  outer  opening.   Mass. 

3.  C. /or lis,  Lee. — N.  H. ,  Henshaw. 

4.  Dicerca  prolongala,  Lee. — On  trunks  of}Oung  Poplars  and  on  Poplar 

logs  in  June.      Mass.,  N.  H. 

5.  D.  divaricala,  Say.  —  June,  July.    Appears  to  breed  in  various  decidu- 

ous trees.      It  has  been   dug  from   Red   Maple  {Acer  rubruni)  and 
also   from   Poplar.      Immature  specimens   have   appeared  in  Sept. 
Mass.,  N.  H. 
6.   D.  caudala,  Lee. — Frequents  Alders  and  Red  Birches  and  is  known 

to  me  to  breed   in  the  latter  {Betula  nigra).      It  appears  in   May, 

June,  August  and  September.      Mass. 


—  30— 

7-  D.  pugionata,  Germ.- — This  species  appears  to  be  confined  to  the 
common  Alder  \Alniis  mcafius).  It  appears  in  May.  On  Aug. 
8th  specimens  occured  that  were  evidently  just  out.  Mass.  I 
presume  all  of  these  early  appearing  species  make  their  first  exit  in 
the  late  Summer,  or  early  Fall,  and  hibernate. 

8.  D.  lun'da,  Fabr. — On  Hickory  trees  and  logs.      [uly,  Oct.      Mass. 

9.  D.    asperata,    Lap.    &.  Gory. — Jan.  20th    under    White    Oak    bark. 

April  4th  under  a  stone.      Aug.   15th.     Very  rare  with  me.     Mass. 

10.  D .  fenebrosa,  Kirby.  —On  Spruce  wood  piles  and  logs.   June.    Mass. 

N.  H.  var.  chrysea,  Mels. .  N.   H.     Revision,  Leconte. 

11.  D.  iuberculata,  Chev. — N.  H.      Two   specimens  have   occurred  in- 

doors in  Lowell,  but  I  do  not  know  of  its  breeding  here. 

12.  D.  lugubris,  Lee. — One  specimen,  Mass.      Henshaw  collection. 

13.  D.  piinctidaia,  Sch. — On  trunks   and   foliage   of  Pitch   Pines.      Ap- 

pears early  in  Spring  and  late  in  the  Fall  in  warm  days,  and  in 
one  instance  was  found  in  mid-winter  when  the  ground  was  cover- 
ed deeply  with  snow.      Mass. 

14.  Pcecilonota  cyanipes,  Say. — One  specimen  on  the  trunk  of  a  Poplar. 

June.      Mass. 

15.  Bupres/is  linea/a,    Fabr. — Both   spotted   and   striped   specimens   on 

Pitch  Pines  in  July.  A  specimen  was  dug  from  a  White  Pine 
stump.      Mass. 

16.  B.  consiihin's.  Gory. — On  Pitch  Pines.      Jul}-  and  Aug.      Mass. 

17.  B.  NiiitaUi,  Kirby. — Brookline,  Mass.      Henshaw. 

18.  B.  maculm'7iiris,  Say. — Spruce  wood  piles  and  logs.    Mass.,  N.  H. 

Rare  here. 

19.  B.  fascia  fa.  Fabr.— N.  H. 

20.  B.  sulcicollis,  Lee- — N.  H.     One  specimen  on  a  Pitch  Pine.      May 

30th.      Maine,    Henshaw. 

21.  B.  striata,  Fabr. — Two  specimens   dug  from   a   White   Pine  stump 

May  4th.  It  has  also  appeared  in  June,  but  is  rare  with  me. 
Mass.  All  the  specimens  seen  from  this  locality  are  dull  colored 
with  the  exception  of  one  individual  which  was  taken  in  Lowell  as 
it  emerged  from  a  White  Pine  window  sill  just  as  the  sash  was 
raised.      The  timber  thus  inhabited  was  probably  western. 

22.  B.  ullramarina,  Say. — Very  rare.     Beaten  from  Pitch  Pines  in  May. 

One  specimen  was  split  from  a  Pitch  Pine  knot.      Mass. 

23.  Cittyra  graci/ipes,  Mels — Two  specimens    were  taken  on  the  shady 

side  of  a  White  Oak  trunk  in  hot  weather,  Aug.  8.      Mass. 

24.  Melanophila  longipcs,  Say. — Found  here  only   about  buildings  and 

is  probably  introduced  in  northern  lumber.      May,  Aug.      IMass. 

25.  M.  Dnimmondi,    Kirby. — Abundant    on    Spruce    logs    and    about 


—31— 

Spruce  wood  pile.s  {Abies  nigra).  N.  II.,  Mass.  A  bright  blue- 
green  form  of  larger  size  considered  by  Dr.  Horn  as  a  var.  of  this 
spegies  occurred  at  a  considerable  elevation  on  Mt.  Washington  on 
a  freshly  peeled  Fir  or  White  Spruce  {A.  balsaniea  or  alba). 

26.  M.  fulvoguttaia,  Harr. — Only  a  few  specimen  seen.-    One  was  taken 

on  a  Hemlock  log  which  was  riddled  with  holes  corresponding  in 
size  with  this  species  in  N.  H.  I  have  a  specimen  from  a  section 
of  North  Carolina,  where  Hemlocks  are  abundant,  but  where  there 
are  no  Spruces  or  Firs.  Harris'  Ins,  Inj.,  says  he  has  taken  it  from 
the  trunks  of  the  White  Pine.  Possibly  it  was  in  the  vicinity  of 
Hemlocks. 

27.  M.  ceneola,  Mels. — Beaten  from  Pitch  Pines  in  July.    Not  common. 

28.  Afithaxia  ieneogasler.  Lap. — On  Buttercups  in  the  vicinity  of  Spruc- 

es.   Mass.,  N.  H. 

29.  A.  viridi/'rons,  Lap.  —  On  and  about  the  Amer.  Elm.   June.     Mass. 

30.  A.  guercaia,  Fabr. — On  Oak  shrubs.      Common.      Mass. 

31.  Xeiiorhipis  Brendeli,  Lee, — Two  males,    one   of  them,  beaten  from 

an  Oak.      Mass. 

■^2.  Chiysoboihris  femorata,  Oliv. — Common  on  Oak  wood  and  timber. 
A  var.  with  the  tips  of  the  elytra  narrower  and  cupreous,  occurs 
on  the  White  Birch  {D.  alba).  Varieties  Lesuei/ri  and  soror  fre- 
quent Hickories.      Mass. 

33-    C.  floricola,  Gory. — Abundant  on  Pitch  Pines.      Mass. 

34.  C.  dentipes,  Germ. — Not  rare  on  Pine   wood   and   timber,    but   not 

nearly  so  common  as  the  last,  nor  does  it  appear  to  frequent  the 
foliage  of  li\ing  trees  to  any  great  extent. 

35.  C.  irinervia,  Kirby.  —  On  Spruce  logs,      N.  H. 

36.  C.  Blatichardi,  Horn.  —  On  trunks   of  sapling   White  Pines.      Also 

dug  out  of  dead  trees  of  the  same  species,  July,  August.  Mass, 
Not  very  common. 

37.  C.  ficabripennis,  Lap.  &  Gory. —On    White    Pine    wood    j)iles,    etc. 

]Mass.     On  Spruce  logs,  N.  H. 

38.  C.  pusilla,  Lap    &:  Gory. — Beaten  from  Pitch  Pines,  common.    May 

to  August, 

39.  C.   sexsignaki.    Say.  —  Rather    scarce.      Beaten    from    Pitch    Pines, 

June  to  August. 
4C.  C.  azurea,  Lee. — Three  specimens,  June  and  Jul}-  on  Sumac  {Rhus 
glabra).  In  Extomoi.ogica,  Vol.  II,  p.  231,  this  species  is  men- 
tioned as  having  been  found  in  numbers  on  a  species  of  Dogwood. 
Besides  the  species  of  Cortius,  Rhus  toxicodendron  is  also  called 
Dogwood  here.  The  occurrence  of  the  three  specimens  mentioned 
is  of  course  bv  no  means  conclusive  evidence. 


—32— 

41.  C\  Harrisii,  Hentz. — Beaten  from  While   and   Pitch  Pines,    June  to 

Aug.  It  breeds,  according  to  Harris,  in  the  small  branches  of  the 
White  Pine. 

42.  Acnupodera  culia,  Web. — Occurs  on    the  flowers  of  the  Wild   Rose, 

Cranesbill  [Geranium  rnacidaluni)  etc.  I  think  it  breeds  in  dead 
Pines.      Common.      Mass. 

43.  A.  ornata,  P\ibr. — Mass.    Leconte,  Revision  Buprestidce. 

44.  Eupristoceriis  c(\s^i/ans,  Weber.  — Abundant  on  the  foliage  of  Alders. 

June,  July.      Mas>. 

45.  Agrilus  riificollis,  Fabr. — On  Blackl)eriy  (^/^Z'«5).  June,  July.  Mass. 

46.  A.  torqiiatHs,  Ixc.  —  Rare.      Mass. 

47.  A.  fulgens,  Lee.  —  On   the   Hazel   {Corylus  Americana).      Not  very 

common.  June,  [uly.  Mass.  Specimens  found  here  are  shining 
brassy  or  copper). 

48.  A.  oliosus,  Say. — Very  common  on  Oak  shrubs.     June,   July.    Mass. 

49.  A.  bilineatus,  Web. — Not   rare   on   Oak    foliage,    logs,    stumps,  &c. 

Julv.     Mass. 

50.  A.vittaticoUis,  Rand. — Taken  occasionally  in  June,   feeding  on  the 

leaves  of  Thorn  {Crattcgus),  Shadbush  [Amclanchier)  and  Choke- 
berr)'  (Fvrus  arbiififolia).     Mass. 

51.  A.  grannlalus.  Say. — Breeds    in    and    frequents   the  stems   of  partly 

dead  Alders,  but  does  not  appear  on  the  foliage  very  much.  It 
was  found  in  considerable  numbers  in  a  smgle  limited  locality 
though  usually  quite  scarce.     June,  July,  Mass. 

52.  A.  inter riiptiis,  Lee. — On  foliage  of  Oak  shrubs.     Not  rare.      June, 

[uly.     Alass, 

53.  A.  acu/ipcnnis,  Matm. — With  the  last.    Not  rare.    June,  July.     Mass. 

54.  A.  anxiiis.  Gory. — Foliage  of  Poplar  sprouts.  Very  rare.   July.  Mass. 

55.  A.  iorpidiis,  Lee.  —  A  few  specimens  were  taken  on  the  summit  of  Mt. 

Washington,  N.  H.,  whitht-r  they  had  flown  from  below.  The  form 
described  as  gravis  occurs  in  Mass.  on   Poplar  sprouts  and  trunks. 

56.  A.  poliius.  Say. — Common  on  low  Willows.    June,  July.    Mass. 

57.  A.  itnheUis,  Crotcli. — Occurs  on  Helianihemum  canadense  in  June  to 

August.      ^Nlass. 

58.  A.  egeniis,  Gory. — I  find  but  few  specimens  of  this  in  my  collection 

and  do  not  know  about  its  habits.      Mass. 

59.  Taphrocerus  gracilis.  Sa)'. — Taken  in  sweeping  low  herbage.      May 

to  July.      Common.     ^lass. 

60.  Brachysorata,  Web.,    cerosa,  Mels. ,    and  ccruginosa,  Gor}'.     All  ap- 

pear most  frequently  on  Oak  foliage,  though  sometimes  on  other 
deciduous  trees.      May  to  July.      Mass. 

61.  Pachyscelns  purpureiis.    Say. — Rare   with   me.      It  has   occured  at 

least  once  on  Hickoiies,  but  I  do  not  feel  confident  that  that  is  the 
food  plant.     July,  Sept.      Mass. 

62.  P.  htvigatns,  Say. — Abundant  on  Bush  Clover  {Lespcdeza).      June. 

July.  "^  Mass. 


-33- 


On  the  origin  of  the  genus  Anthocharis,   Bdv. 

(=  Euchloe,  lib.) 

By  T.  D.   a.   Cockerell. 


These  delicate  little  butterflies,  belonging  to  the  genus  Anthocharis 
of  Boisduval,  seem  at  first  sight  very  aberrant  members  of  the  Pieris 
stock,  with  their  one  brood  a  year,  narrow  wings,  and  (in  many  species) 
orange  apical  patches  on  the  forewings. 

Yet  in  examining  their  characters  as  compared  with  those  oi  Pieris, 
I  have  been  driven  to  the  conclusion  that  Anthocharis  is  by  no  means  an 
ancient  genus — as  genera  go — and  that  it  arose  directly  from  an  old 
Pieris  stock,  and  that  probably  on  the  American  continent. 

In  stating  the  facts  which  have  seemed  to  me  to  support  such  a 
view,  it  will  be  useful  to  review  the  peculiarities  of  the  genus  .4«///oc/z(7n.s-, 
and  show  how  thev  may  have  arisen  as  offshoots  from  the  stock  from 
which  the  genus  Pieris  has  also  directly  come. 

Single-broodedness. — li>  Europe,  Pieris  bryonice  of  the  Alps  and  far 
north  is  generally  assumed  to  be  the  one-brooded  ancestor  of  the  double- 
brooded  P.  napi  oi  the  lowlands,  and  there  is  a  tendency  to  assume  that 
multiplication  of  the  brood  is  a  direct  result  of  a  warmer  climate,  and 
the  idea  of  a  single-brooded  species  arising  from  a  double-brooded  one 
seems  not  often  to  be  entertained. 

However,  taking  this  same  «<7/i/ group  in  North  America,  we  have 
still  the  assumed  primitive  type,  bryonice,  and  likewise  the  forms  oleracea 
and  venosa  to  represent  the  European  napi — so  far  the  analogy  is  com- 
plete— but  then  we  are  met  with  what  seems  a  strange  anomaly,  Pieris 
virginiensis,  a  delicate  pale-winged  form,  appearing  as  a  rare  aberration 
in  New  York  and  Ontario,  but  actually  as  a  spring-emerging  one-brooded 
species  in  West-Yirginia, — just  exactly  as  if  it  were  an  Anthocharis,  in 
fact!  From  this  1  think  we  get  a  clue  as  to  the  origin  oS.  Anthocharis — 
it  did  not  arise  from  a  one-brooded  arctic  form  like  P.  bryonice,  but  was 
rather  a  branch  from  a  stem  which  was  probably  eve7i  then  double- 
brooi'.ed — and  that  accounts  for  its  pallor  and  delicacy  of  structure,  as- 
fits  an  insect  of  the  temperate  zone. 

Orange-tips. — Those  species  o^  Anthocharis  which  I  regard  as  com- 
ing nearest  to  the' primitive  type  of  the  genus,*  do  not  present  orange 
tips,  but  since  these  orange  patches  are  so  characteristic  of  many  species 
it  will  hardly  do  to  overlook  them.  In  the  first  place,  they  are  developed 
in  the  males — which  seems  to  show  that  they  are  of  the  nature  of  second- 
ary sexual  characters,  and  have  perhaps  been  perpetuated   as   such  from 

*  See  also  Darwin,  "Descent  of  Man,"  2nd  Ed.,  p.  312. 


—34— 

what  was  once  a  very  rare  variety  or  aberration.  Secondly,  it  is  well  to 
remember  that  both  Pieris  rapoe  and  P.  venosa  have  yellow  aberrations, 
and  even  possibly  (as  I  have  argued  in  "Entomologist,"  1888,  p.  112,) 
came  from  yellow  ancestors, — and  thirdly,  in  one  species  at  least  of 
Anfhocharis  {A.  cardamines)  there  is  an  aberration  (ab.  aureoflavescens, 
see  "Entomologist,"  1888,  p.  189),  in  which  yellow  takes  the  place  of 
orange. 

Prepara/oiy  s/ages. — Dr.  T.  A.  Chapman  has  an  excellent  paper 
C'Ent.  Mo.  M.\G.,"  1888,  p.  257),  in  which  he  compares  the  egg  of  ^. 
cai-damines  with  that  of  Pieris  rapoc — pointing  out  that  the  egg  of  the 
former  becomes  orange,  while  that  of  the  latter  is  never  darker  than  a 
pale  yellow — and  further,  that  the  eggs  of  cardamines  are  laid  on  the 
flower-heads.  Having  the  eggs  of  no  other  Pieris  at  hand,  he  goes  no 
further  with  his  comparison,  and  it  might  be  supposed  that  these  diff'er- 
ences  were  in  some  sense  generic.  But  it  is  not  so  :  Pieris protodice  is 
very  common  in  Custer  Co. ,  Colorado,  and  lays  its  eggs  profusely  on 
Arabis,  Sisymbrium  and  other  cruciferous  plants.  These  eggs  are  orange, 
and  are  nearly  always  laid  on  the  floiver-heads  of  Arabis,  though  also 
frequently  on  the  stem  and  leaves  of  Sisymbrium. 

Anthocharis  ausonides  (var.  co/oradensis,  H.  Edw. )  flies  herein 
May,  and  lays  its  eggs  in  the  same  situations  as  P.  protodice.  This  year 
I  sent  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards  a  number  of  young  larvae,  presumed  to  be 
\\\o^Q^  o{  protodice — and  certainly  seeming  all  to  belong  to  the  same 
species.  But  on  the  ist  of  July  he  wrote:  '"Out  o^  ray  protodice  larviie  I 
got  on  the  30th  (June)  several  proper  pupas  (a  (^  protodice  emerged  fiom 
one  of  them  some  days  later)  and  one  of  Ant/i.  ausonides.  I  had  not 
noticed  any  difference  in  the  lar\ie  :  I  thought  .^omeiimes  some  were 
blacker  than  otliers — more  black  hairs."  So  it  wifl  be  seen  that  in  the 
earlier  stages  P.  protodice  and  A.  ausonides  have  the  closest  reseml;lance 
— the  larvae,  in  fact,  are  not  distinguishable. 

From  these  facts,  I  am  inclined  to  believe  {h'M  AnthoJiaris  ausonides 
on  the  one  hand,  and  Pieris  pt  otodice  and  its  allies  on  the  other,  come 
nearest  to  the  prnnitive  stock  from  wliich  both  arose — and  it  is  favorable 
to  the  idea  of  the  antiquity  oi  ausonides  that  it  is  ihe  one  species  of  its 
genus  in  America  ranging  to  the  far  north — even  Alaska.  As^uming  this, 
we  are  perhajis  at  liberiy  to  ct)nstruct  a  hypotheiical  Protopieris,  and 
imagine  a  butterfly  inhabiting  the  American  continent  ages  ago,  in  shape 
somewhere  between  the  modern  Pieris '^\\(\  LeucopJiasia — perhaps  doubie- 
brooded — in  markings,  with  a  central  black  spot  and  dark  apical  patches 
to  the  fore  wings,  on  the  underside  gray,  maibling  on  the  secondaries 
(for  the  green  I  take  to  be  a  suisequent  arrangement  of  the  }'ellow  and 
black  scales*) — in  color,  possibly  safiYon  or  brimstone  yellow,  though 
probably  already  white,  or  partly  so. 

West  Cliff,   Custer  Co. ,  Color.\do,   July,    18S8. 

*  And  the  green  veining  of  the  underside  of  Pieris  napi  is  of  tlie  same  nature — 
in  neither  case  is  there  ideally  any  green  pigment. 


—35— 
CORRESPONDENCE. 


To  THE  Editor  of   '' Entomologica  Americana." 

The  Address  of  IVIr.  J.  B.  Smith  before  the  American  Association 
for  the  Advancement  of  Science  having  elicited  some  comment  on  the 
part  of  several  correspondents,  I  take  the  hberty  of  calling  your  attention 
to  the  fact  C)f  which  Mr.  Smith  was  ignorant  at  the  time  when  he  pre- 
pared his  address,  that  the  entire  collection  of  Mr.  W.  H.  Edwards  of 
Coalburgh.  West  Va. ,  has  been  purchased  by  the  writer  and  forms  a 
part  of  his  collection  of  the  Rhopalcjcera  of  North  America.  It  is  need- 
less to  say  anything  at  length  as  to  the  advantages  which  flow  to  the 
writer  in  the  matter  of  determining  specimens  of  the  Rhopalocera  which 
may  be  kindly  referred  to  him  by  correspondents.  The  collection  with 
the  additions  of  the  collection  of  Mr.  T.  L.  Mead,  and  additions  made 
from  the  catches  of  various  collectors  from  all  over  the  United  States  is 
probably  the  most  perfect  collection  in  the  world  of  the  Diurnal  Lepi- 
doptera  of  Temperate  North  America.  There  are  only  a  very  lew 
species  hitherto  catalogued  as  from  -this  faunal  region  which  are  not  re- 
presented and  they  are  :  Colias  Boothii,  Curtis  ;  Melitcea  Helvia,  Sc. ; 
ilJelitcPa  Alma,  Strecker  ;  Erehia  Rossii,  Curtis;  Erehia  Sofia,  Curtis; 
Chrysophanus  Annica,  Edw. ;  Paniphila  I'ltvia,  Edw. ;  Pamphi'a  Bellus, 
Edw. ;  P.  Horus,  Edw.;  P.  Ceslus,  Edw.;  P.  Aralnis,  Edw.;  K^son- 
iades  Tatius,  Edw.  ;  Erycides  Uratiia,  West.  Hew.  ;  and  E.  Texana, 
Sc. — For  specimens  of  these  the  writer  will  give  any  amount  in  reason 
either  of  gold  or  pearls,  or  of  specimens  in  exchange. 

The  species  are  represented  in  most  cases  by  long  series  of  speci- 
mens of  bi)th  sexes,  and  the  collection  is  rich  in  aberrations  and  seasonal 
forms.  In  addition  to  the  collection  of  North  American  Rhopalocera 
the  writer  has  obtained  from  various  sources  large  numbers  of  the  Rho- 
palocera of  other  faunal  regions.  The  collection  contains  fully  fifteen 
hundred  species  from  the  Antilles,  Central  and  South  America,  over  four 
hundred  species  from  Equatorial  Africa  and  the  Cape;  a  full  series  of 
the  strictly  European  species  and  over  one  thousand  species  of  the  Rho- 
palocera of  the  .Asiatic  mainland  and  the  INIala}' Archipelago.  Among 
the  Asiatic  species  there  is  a  very  large  and  perfect  set  of  the  Rhopalocera 
of  Japan,  taken  by"  the  writer  during  Lis  stay  in  that  countrv  as  the 
Naturalist  of  the  U.  S.  Eclip/Se  Expedition  of  18S7.  Species  not  taken 
by  himself  are  represented  by  specimens  jiurchased  from  the  late  Henry 
Pryer  of  Yokohama,  or  obtained  fiom  other  collectors  in  the  Empire  of 
the  Rising  Sun.  Of  the  species  of  Rhopalocera  credited  to  the  Japanese 
only  three  or  four  are  lacking  as  yet.  There  are,  in  the  entu'e  collection, 
very  nearly  4,000  species  of  the  Rhopalocera  of  the  world. 


-36- 

In  the  Heterocera  an  equally  good  showing  in  the  number  of 
species  is  made,  but  as  the  number  of  these  vastly  exceeds  that  of  Rho- 
palocera  in  no  case  can  any  faunal  region  be  said  to  be  thoroughly  well 
represented.  The  collection  is  tolerable  rich  in  European  forms.  Of  the 
species  enumerated  from  North  America  in  Grote's  Check  List  about 
one-half  are  found  in  the  collection,  and  when  all  of  the  material  on 
hand  shall  have  been  correctly  worked  up  and  determined  the  number 
will  no  doubt  be  found  to  be  largely  increased.  From  Jamaica  there 
are  nearly  400  species  as  yet  undetermmed.  There  are  fully  one  thou'^and 
species  of  Heterocera  from  Equatorial  Africa  in  the  collection  of  which 
only  the  merest  fraction  has  been  determined  and  no  doubt  many  of  the 
species  are  as  yet  non-described.  The  Japanese  fauna  is  represented  by 
nearly  nine  hundred  species  of  Heterocera,  among  them  the  enliie  col- 
lection of  the  Hypenidaj,  Deltoids  and  Pyralids  of  Japan  made  by. Henry 
Pryer  which  the  writer  purchased  in  October,  1887,  from  his  now 
lamented  friend, — fully  375  species,  the  majority  of  them  as  yet  unde- 
scribed,  a  monograph  of  which  he  now  has  in  course  of  preparation. 

In  addition  to  these  considerable  collections  there  are  large  numbers 
of  Heterocera  from  the  Indo-Malayan  region,  derived  from  various 
sources,  among  diem  all  the  specimens  contained  in  the  collection  of 
the  late  Dr.  Rossler  of  Stuttgart,  (lermany. 

While  not  making  a  study  of  the  Coleoptera  and  other  Orders  the 
writer  has  incidentally  obtained  much  valuable  material,  representing 
them.  There  are  over  2,000  species  of  the  Coleoptera  of  Norih  America 
in  the  collection  determined  by  such  eminent  authorities  as  Drs.  Leconte, 
Horn  and  Hamilton.  To  the  latter  especially  the  writer  is  under  mani- 
fold obligations  for  many  kindnesses  shown  in  the  determmation  of 
species.  Jamaica  is  represented  by  several  hundreds  of  species  of  Co- 
leoptera, mostly  undetermined.  Equatorial  Africa  is  represented  by  over 
one  thousand  species,  of  wliich  not  more  than  five  per  cent,  are  deter- 
mined. Japan  is  represented  by  a  nearly  equal  number  of  which  not 
more  than  fifty  species  are  as  yet  correctly  determined.  The  same  re- 
mark holds  good  as  to  the  Indo-Malayan  region.  The  European 
Coleopterous  fauna  is  represented  by  about  seven  hundred  species  mostly 
Caj-abidce  and  Ceramhvcido'.  The  BuprcsiidcB  of  Austialia  through  a 
recent  purchase  are  fairly  represented. 

In  addition  to  collecting  the  insects  the  writer  has  found  it  neces- 
sary, owing  to  the  absence  of  any  great  public  library  in  the  City  of 
Pittsburgh,  to  also  undertake  the  collection  of  works  relating  to  Ento- 
mology and  has  amassed  during  the  past  five  years  the  nucleus  of  a  con- 
siderable collection  containing  the  Transactions  and  Proceedings  of  al- 


—37— 

most  all  the  Entomological  Societies  of  the  world  and  very  nearly  all  of 
the  leading  works  published  in  recent  years  uf)on  the  Lepidoptera. 

The  foregoing  statement  is  not  made  in  the  spirit  of  vanity  or 
egotism,  but  as  a  guide  to  friends  who  may  be  inclined  to  consult  the 
writer  and  who  is  always  happy  to  serve  so  far  as  tlie  pressing  engage- 
ments of  a  busy  professional  life  allow  him.  lie  will  cheerfully  attend 
to  correspondence  as  lime  permits  and  desires  especially  to  cultivate  an 
acquaintance  with  collectors  in  the  Southern  and  Western  portions  of 
the  United  States. 

Pilisbiu-gh,   Nov.  6,    /SSS.  ^^'.   J.    Holland. 


Chambers'   Corrections  to  his  paper  on  the    Illustrations  of 

the  Neuration  of  the  wings  of  American  Tineidse.* 

By  W'm.    Beutexmullek. 


The  following  corrections  were  written  in  pencil   by  the  late  V.  T. 
Chambers  on  the  margins  of  the   plates   of  a  copy   of  the  above  named 
paper  which  he  presented  to   Mr.    Henry   Edwards,    to   whom  I  am  in- 
debted for  allowing  me  to  make  use  of  these  unpublished  notes. 
F/g.  4. — Hind  wing  ought  to  have  dotted  line  through  the  cell. 
Fig.  J. — Omits  furcation  of  apical  branch   of  fore  wing. — In   the  hind 
wing  the  submedian  is  too  short  and  the  costal  and  apical  half 
of  the  subcostal  are  omitted. 
Fig.  7.  —  Fore  wing  ought  to  have  one  more  median  branch. 
Fig.  p. — Has  one  more  marginal  vein  than  it  ought  to  have. 
Fig.  10.  —  Hind  wing  wants  one  more   branch  t)f  the  subcostal — the  ist 

branch. 
Fig.  I  J.  —  Hind  wing  wants  one  median  branch. 
Fig.  21. — Has  one  median  marginal  branch  too  many  in   the  one  wing 

and  one  too  few  subcosto-marginal   branches,   and   the  hind 

wing  lacks  the  dotted  line  through  the  disc. 
Fig.  2 J.  —  Has  one  median  marginal  vein  too  many  in  the  fore  wing. 
Fig.   55. —Hind  wing  omits  dotted  line  through  cell. 
Fig.  26. — Fore  wing  ought  to  have  one  more  median  branch. 
Fig.  27. — Fore  wing  wants  one  discal  branch. 

Fig.  2g. — Hind  wing  should  have  the  median  vein  furcate  on  the  margin. 
Fig.  ji. — Fore  wing  omits  fold.      Hind  wing  a  little  too  wide. 
^'.?-  S3- — Subcostal  wants  its  branch  to  the  hind  margin. 
Fig.  j6. — Are  not  confident   as  to   the  furcation    of   the    apical    veins. 

Hind  wing  has  one  vein  too  many. 
*  Journ.  Cin.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  Vol.  IT,  pp.  194-199.     1880. 


-38- 

Fig.  jj. — Hind  wing  ought  to  have  the  first  discal  branch  dotted  through 

the  wing. 
Fig.  41. — E.  cuncolorcUa  does  not   agree   with   mounted   specimens   so 

labeled  (improperly  ?). 
Fig.  42. — Should  have  the  apical  branch   near   to   the  subcostal  and  a 

dotted  indistinct  median  branch  in  place  of  the  distinct  one 

which  should  be  nearer  to  the  subcostal. 
Fig.  4 J. — Discal  branch  of  wings  ought  to  be  furcate. 
Fig.  4§. — Hind  wing  instead  of  five  marginal  should   have  four,   one  c>{ 

them  furcate. 
Fig.  54. — (3mits  furcation  of  apical  branch  of  fore  wings. 
Fig.  53". — Should  have  one  more  submedian  branch  in  fore  wings. 
Fig.  j6. — Not  strictly  accurate.    Hind  wing  has  the  discal  branch  much 

too  distinct. 
Fig.  57. — Fore  wings  should  be  caudate  and  the  subcostal  ought  to  be 

bent  down  to  the  median  instead  of  vice  versa. 


Descriptions  of  some  Lepidopterous  Larvae. 
By  Wm.    Beutenmullfr. 


Drepanodes  arcuata,   Walk. 

Head  small,  pale  yellow  with  two  transverse  brown  bands.  Body  above,  bright 
green.  Along  the  dorsal  region  from  the  5th  to  tlie  last  segment  reddish  brown, 
marked  with  yellow,  and  limited  on  the  subdoi'sal  by  a  deep  brown  bi  oken  stripe 
which  is  sometimes  quite  obsolete  and  sometimes  absent.  On  each  ot  the  2nd  and 
3rd  segments  two  prominent  yellow  tubercles  tipped  with  reddish  brown,  and  at  the 
base  at  the  outer  side  of  eacli  a  small  black  wart.  On  the  5th  segment  are  also  two 
prominent  tuljercles  which  are  wanting  in  some  individuals.  Anal  seL;meiit  provided 
with  a  short  brown  process  covered  with  short  bristles.  Body  beneath  sordid  white. 
Legs  green.  Over  the  body  are  scattered  a  number  of  small  yellow  piliferous  spots 
each  bearing  a  short  white  hair.     Length  about  23  mm. 

Foot  plant,  White  Birch  [Betula  alba).  Lives  singly  on  the  upper 
surface  of  leaf  on  a  white  silken  web  slightly  drawing  the  leaf  together. 
Spins  a  thin  cocoon  between  leaves.      September. 

Agrotis  pitychrous,   Cir. 

Head  shiny,  pale  brown,  mouth  parts  pitchy  black.  Body  sordid  white,  semi" 
translucent,  with  three  equidistant  chalky  white  stripes  along  each  side,  and  one 
along  the  dorsum.  Spiracles  black.  Cervical  shield  dirty  white.  Body  below 
wholly  sordid  white,  semitranslucent.  Legs  concolorous  to  the  body.  Length 
36  mm. 

Feeds  on  various  species  of  maritime  grasses.     July. 

Phycis  rubrifasciella,  Pack. 

Head  chestnut  brown,  mouth  parts  pitchy  black.      Body  above  dirty  green  with 


—39— 

two  rows  of  minute  black  piliferous  spots  on  each  side,  and  all  bearing  a  short  light 
brown  hair.  Spiracles  black.  Underside  of  body  same  color  as  above.  Length, 
l6  mm. 

Lives  singly  in  a  pyriform  case  made  of  frass  between  the  terminal 
leaves  of  the  branches  of  Mvn'ca  ceri/era. 

Phoxopteris  spireaefoliana,  CI. 

Head  small,  yellowish  green,  with  small  black  spot  on  each  side  of  the  anterior 
portion,  mouth  parts  pitchy  black.  l!ody  yellowish  green  with  two  rows  of  piliferous 
spots  of  the  same  color  along  the  dorsal  region,  and  two  rows  on  each  side.  Under- 
side same  color  as  above.     Length,  lo  mm. 

Food  plant,  Spiraa;  opuli/olia  (Nine  Bark).  Draws  together  the 
leaf  between  two  veins  so  as  to  produce  a  fold.  Double  brooded.  June 
and  Sept.      Hibernates  in  a  cocoon  between  leaves. 


The  habits  of  Goes  and  Oncideres. 
By   JM.    L.    Linell. 


On  the  Palisades  near  New  York  Goes  ptdchra,  Hald. ,  was  taken  by 
me  last  season  under  circumstances  that  were  strikingly  suggestive  of  the 
habits  of  Oncideres  cingulata,  Say,  on  Carj'a  sp.  with  large  buds,  the 
same  that  are  preferred  by  the  Oncideres,  I  saw  Goes  at  work  on  the 
twigs,  cutting  through  the  bark  nearly  all  around  (and  a  little  deeper  in 
some  places),  but  very  irregularly,  not  making  a  clean  ring.  It  impressed 
me  that  this  must  be  done  on  purpose  to  kill  the  twig,  with  the  intention 
of  ovipositing  on  it,  a  well-known  fact  in  regard  to  the  girdler.  The 
male  was  generally  seen  gnawing  on  the  endbud  of  the  same  twig  that 
the  female  was  girdling,  just  as  we  so  often  see  the  pair  of  Oncideres  to- 
gether. When  we  take  mto  account  the  wonderful  resemblance  in  color 
and  form  between  these  two,  though  systematically  widely  separated 
species,  the  likeness  is  still  more  remarkable  though  the  Goes  is  twice 
the  size  of  the  Oncideres.  I  think  this  is  a  fine  instance  f)f  analogy  in 
protective  resemblance,  similarity  in  habits  having  independently  wrought 
their  re.sults  in  leading  both  to  resemble  the  same  thing,  the  maculation 
of  the  Carya  twig.  Both  seem  to  live  in  the  larval  state  for  two  years  ; 
in  18S4,  18S6  and- 1888  Oncideres  was  very  abundant,  while  not  a  single 
specimen  could  be  found  1885  nor  1887.  The  species  are  not  found  to- 
gether; the  Goes  appear  in  the  first  days  of  July  and  are  completely  gone 
before  the  end  of  that  month,  while  Oncideres  can  not  be  seen  before  the 
last  days  of  August  and  is  abundant  throughout  September.  This  oc- 
curtancc  of  Oncideres  so  late  in  the  season,  when  few  collectors  visit  the 
branches  of  trees,  accounts  for  its  rarity  in  collections  and  my  success  in 


— 40— 

using  It  largely  for  exchange.  Only  Cylleus  Rohinice,  Forst. ,  of  the 
Ceramb\xidcB  has  the  same  season,  but  is  found  on  the  Golden  Rod,  as 
is  well  known. 

Of  the  other  species  of  (?«c^5  I  have  taken  G.  debilis,  Lee,  about 
July  1st  on  Hickory,  G.  figrma,  De  Geer,  about  July  15th  on  White 
Oak.  The  very  rare  G.  tesselata,  Hald. ,  was  found  by  Mr.  A.  C.  Weeks 
and  myself  on  Staten  Island,  in  July,  1885.  We  took  it  by  beating  over 
the  umbrella  the  dense  10  inch  long  shoots  on  freshly  cut  Oak-stumps. 
Only  one  pair  and  three  single  females  were  secured. 


A  New  Spilosoma. 

By  Annie  Trumbull  Slosson. 


Spilosoma  prima,   11.  sp. 

Size  of  .S".  virgitiica,  but  a  stouter  insect,  body  lieavier  and  shorter,  scarcely 
reaching  anal  angle  of  secondaries.  Primaries  sordid  white,  stained  witli  ochreous, 
especially  along  costa  and  inner  margin,  and  with  scatteied  dots  of  dark  brown. 
These  are  arranged  almost  exactly  as  in  some  specimens  of  tiie  form  of  H.  textor, 
Harris,  known  as  cimea  and  punctata.  The  clots  are  much  heavier  and  more  distmct 
on  costa,  and  there  is  a  submarginal  line,  very  ]:)lainly  indicated,  and  composed  of 
geminate  dots  on  the  venules.  Secondaries  sordid  white.  Abdomen  thickly  clothed 
with  white  hairs  through  which  can  be  seen  the  yellow  of  body,  with  dorsal  row  of 
Ijlack  s]3ots.     Palpi,  coxi\;  and  tibice  very  dark  smoky  biown,  almost  black. 

Though  this  description  may  seem  to  differ  little  from  those  of  other 
species,  the  moth  itself  seems  quite  distinct.  Its  peculiar  ochreous  shad- 
ing— which  makes  the  insect  seem  cream-color,  almost  buff,  instead  of 
white — the  heavy,  stout  look,  and,  above  all,  the  very  dark  smoky  color 
of  coxce  and  tibia;,  differing  so  markedly  from  the  light  orange  tints  in 
■5".  virginica,  cungriia  and  iviiigonc,  give  it  an  appearance  quite  unlike  its 
nearest  kin.  Described  from  5  (J^cj^,  i  9'  ^^''^git  ^^  light  in  Franconia, 
N.  H.,  early  last  June. 


Books  and  Pamphlets  received  during  December,    1888. 

Prairie  Farmer,  December,    1888. 
Psyche,   Vol.  V.  Nos.  151  and  152. 

Synop.  of  Families  and  Genera  of  N.  Amer.  Diptera,  by  Prof.  S.  \V.  Williston. 
Canadian  NaturahVt,  Vol.   XX,   No.  12. 

Fourth  Report  on  Lijurions  Insects,  by  Prof.  Liitner,  N.  Y.  State  Entomologist. 
Bulletin,  Nos.  5  and '6.   N.  V.  State  Museum  of  Nat.  History. 
Le  Naturaliste  Canadienne,   Vol.   XVIII,   Nos.  5  and  6. 
Naturae  novitates,   N  >s.  22,  23  and  24. 

Comptes-rendus  de  la  Soi  ieie  Entomologique  de  B^-lgique,  No.  105. 
Boletin  de  la  Academia  Nacional  de   Ciencias  eu  Cordoba,    Argentine   Republic, 
Vol.  XXI,   Nos.  I  and  2. 

R.   T.   Pearsall,   Librarian. 


Americana 


VOL.  V. 


BROOKLYN,  MARCH,  1889. 


NO.  3. 


The  EPIPASCHIINiE  of  North  America. 

By  Geo.    D.    Hulst. 


The  Epipaschiimv  are  a  group  of  moths  of  comparatively  few  species, 
but  of  very  wide  disiribution.  A  number  of  species  have  been  described 
from  the  United  States,  several,  (and  the  number  is  likely  to  be  con- 
siderably increased),  from  South  America,  a  number  from  Australia  and 
New  Zealand,  and  a  number  more  frwm  Hindoostan,  altogether  about 
40  species. 

The  group  though  small  and  widely  distributed,  is  nevertheless  one 
of  very  great  interest. 

'1  he  EpipaschiwcE  are  separated  from  the  Macrc>Iepidoptera  by  the 
presence  of  three  internal  veins  on  hind  wings  ;  from  the  Tortricidte  and 
Tineida;  in  that  none  of  these  internal  veins  are  furcate  at  the  base. 
From  the  mosi  of  the  Tortricidce  and  Tineidoe,  as  weil  as  from  the  Ph\- 
citid.c  and  Crambidce,  in  that  the  lower  median  vein  of  the  hind  wing  has 
no  hair  [pectination  ;  from  the  rest  of  the  PyralidcE  as  well  as  from  all 
others,  1)\-  the  presence  of  a  membraneous  process  extending  from  the 
basal  member  of  the  antennae  backwards,  sometimes  reaching  to  the 
abdomen. 

But  while  thus  having  their  own  peculiarities  which  separate  them 
from  all  others,  the -/:/>//> /567i//«<^  differ  widely,  almost  radicallv,  among 
themselves.  The  dififert-nces  in  palpi,  maxillary  palpi,  antennie,  antennal 
process,  ocelli,  venation,  wing  vtstiture,  and  armature  of  the  legs  are  very 
remarkable.  Among  the  s})ecies  is  at  least  one  with  palpi  short  and 
pornct,  while  others  have  tlTe  palpi  long,  erect,  or  curved  over  the  head 
an  1  extended  over  the  thorax  like  .-JrvWrv/)/;?/^'.  Among  the  species  are- 
some  in  which  the  maxillary  palpi  are  invisible,  in  others  these  organs  are 


-42  — 

very  prominent.  In  some  the  maxillary  palpi  are  single  and  scaled,  in 
others  bilobed  at  the  end,  and  furnished  with  long  pencds  of  hair. 
Among  the  species  are  some  with  the  antenna>  of  the  male  very  strongly 
pectinated,  in  others  there  are  tufted-pubescent.  In  some,  the  antennal 
process  is  long,  covered  with  long  hairs  and  scales,  in  others  the  process 
is  hardly  indicated.  In  some,  tiiere  are  12  veins  in  the  fore  wings,  in 
others  1 1  ;  in  some,  the  male  and  female  agree  in  venation,  in  others 
they  are  very  widely  ditferent.  In  some  the  fore  wings  of  the  male  have 
a  costal  fold  and  a  vitreous  spcjt  beneath,  others  have  neither.  Sometimes 
vein  I  of  the  fore  wings  is  furcate  at  base,  sometimes  it  is  not  so.  Some 
have  the  cell  of  the  hind  wing  very  short,  others  of  the  usual  length  ; 
some  species  have  ocelli,  one  at  least  has  none.  Some  have  the  hind 
tibiie  with  two  pairs  of  sjjurs,  one  has  the  end  pair  only.  Some  have  the 
tarsi  spinulated  the  wdiole  length,  otiiers  liave  them  weakly  spineil  at  the 
end.  Some  have  both  wings  tufted,  some  the  fore  wings  only.  In  some 
the  male  uncus  is  hooked,  shar]),  slender,  forketl  at  base,  in  one  species 
at  least,  obtuse,  scutelliform.  Altogether  the  subfamily  covering  about 
two  score  species  gives  a  pretty  wide  range  of  variation,  which  makes 
the  fiimily  a  rather  difficult  one  to  limit,  except  b\-  the  presence  of  the 
unique  antennal  process. 

The  first  American  species  known  were  described  by  Prof  Zeller  in 
Isis,  1848,  and  for  the  two  species  nametl  by  him  he  erected  the  genus 
Teiralopha.  Afterwards  species  were  described  by  Clemens,  Zeller, 
Grote,  and  myself.  Mr.  Grote  first  atlenipted  a  systematic  synopsis  of 
the  species,  and  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  \\)1.  IV, 
gave  the  name  EpipascliicE  to  the  group,  determined  new  genera,  and 
gave  figures  of  venation  of  the  genera,  which,  corrected,  were  published 
in  the  N.  A.  Entomologist.  Mr.  Meyrick  has  given  a  synopsis  of  the 
species  of  Australia  and  New  Zealand,  and  described  in  that  synopsis  a 
number  of  genera. 

I'hose  who  have  endeavored  to  classify  the  insects  have  seemed  to 
differ  quite  widely  as  to  their  affinities,  and  as  a  consequence  have 
catalogued  them  in  widely  separated  positions.  Guenee  places  liis  g  nus 
Glossina  in  the  PyraUJifiLV  between  Aglossa  and  Asopia.  But  Guenee 
knew  the  female  only.  Lederer  keeps  the  genus  in  the  same  place 
calling  it  Stericta,  as  Glossina  was  preoccupied,  but  says  he  does  not 
know  the  insects  described  by  Guenee.  He,  however,  has  one  oilier 
species  of  the  EpipaschiitiLC  and  describing  it  as  Deuterolyta  conspiai  >Us 
places  it  near  and  above  Boiis,  undoubtedly  looking  upon  it  as  belonging 
to  the  Pyralidince.  Mr.  Meyrick  in  his  works  upon  the  Microlepidoptera 
of  New  Zealand  and  Austi-alia,  discusses  the  group,  calling  it  '' Epi- 
paschiadcB,''  and  concludes  it  should   be  catalogued   at  the  head  of  the 


—43— 

PvraUdcR.  Lord  Walsinghani,  in  describing  the  verv  pecu'i.u"  species 
C(Jcnod(wiiis  hockingi,  says  that  Mr.  F.  Moore  suggested  to  him  that  the 
genus  was  allied  to  tlie  European  genus  Ai^lossa  and  that  he  agrees  with 
him.  So  far  every  systemati^t  deahng  with  AuslraHan  and  East  Indian 
material  places  the  group  in  the  neighborhood  oi  Aglossa,  and  generally 
all  agree  that  it  is  very  closely  akin  to  that  genus. 

But  on  the  cither  hanti  Prof.  Z^'ller  regarded  Telralopha  as  a  Phycitid. 
Clemens  placed  Epipaschia  among  the  Deltoids  by  mistake,  but  put  the 
other  species  he  describes  under  the  heading  '' F/iyci/cs.'  Mr.  Grote 
separates  the  species  from  the  "/*/n'r/i'A<'/'  but  places  ihem  just  before 
that  subfamily,  while  remarking  the}-  have  certain  affinities  to  the  Gal- 
leriidce.  The>e  all  agree  that  the  EpipaschiincE  find  their  nearest  allies  in 
PliYfilid.c. 

The  determinations  seem  to  have  been  made  as  the  writers  had  or 
had  not  possession  of  the  American,  especially  the  ii-veined  species. 
Without  these  species  the  affinities  have  seemed  t(j  be  moj^tly  with  the 
Pyi-alidincB.  With  these,  it  seems,  the  systematists  could  not  remove  the 
the  group  from  the  Phycitidtr. 

We  are  not  in  possession  of  the  Ea^t  Indian  or  Australian  species, 
and  so  are  unable  to  make  any  statements  based  upon  personal  exam- 
ination of  them.  But  with  the  descriptions  of  Mr.  Me\rick  and  Lord 
Walsingham,  and  having  in  our  possession  probably  all  the  American 
species,  we  have,  we  think,  a  solution  of  the  svstematic  difficulty. 

]\Ir.  Me}rick,  in  a  paper  u[)on  the  Classification  of  Australian  Pyra- 
lidina,  (  I'rans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  Dec.  1885,  p.  421),  says,  "I  think  the 
Pycididce  may  be  regarded  as  a  development  of  the  (/(///tv  ?'/</<:?"  ;  and 
again  further  on,  "The /')7'c///c//('/c<?  and  p]pi[aschiad^c  are  referable  to  a 
Common  ancestor  very  little  removed,  and  the  same  can  be  said  of  the 
Scoparidce  and  Crambidtc  :  whilst  the  GalleriidcB  come  from  somewhere 
between  these  two  presumptive  ancestors." 

Personally,  we  fail  to  see  any  evidence  of  a  possible  development  of 
tlie  P/iyciiidce  fiom  the  Galleriidce.  The  peculiarities  of  the  Phycitidce  in 
venation,  wing  shape,  maxillary  palpi,  labial  palpi  and  antennal  struct- 
ure have  no  indications  in  the  Galleriidce ;  but  in  all  these  we  have 
kindred,  if  not  identical  developments  in  the  Epipaschiince.  At  the  same 
time  there  is  in  many  res|)ects  a  likeness  to  the  Pyralidince,  so  that  we 
would  connect  the  Phycituhe  with  the  Pyralidin.e  through  the  Epipasch- 
incv  ;  or  perhaps  the  latter  is  the  ancestral  and  now  nearly  obsolete  stem, 
from  which  in  different  directions  the  other  two  have  arisen.  The 
species  which  the  old  world  furnishes,  show  a  marked  relationship  to 
the  higher  Pyralids,  but  the  American  species  show  even  more  decided 
leanings  to  the  Phvcilidoe,  so  decided  iiuleed   that   one   is    almost  forced 


—44  — 

into  joining  them  as  somewhat  aberrant  members  of  the  same  subfamily. 
Taking  the  ii-veined  American  species,  almost  every  peculiarity  pos- 
sessed by  them  is  found  among  the  P/ivcilicLe.  and  even  in  the  antennal 
process  there  is  an  insensible  inteigradalion  into  what  is  found  in  the 
PhycitidtP. 

It  is  highly  probable  that  too  much  importance  has  been  given  to 
the  possession  by  these  insects  of  this  peculiar  antennal  process.  One 
ought  to  be  cautious  in  giving  even  generic  weight  to  a  secondary  sexual 
character,  but  when  there  is  a  gradation  from  a  strong  development  into 
ttie  entire  lack  of  the  character,  relationships  should  be  sought  for  on 
other  grounds,  and  if  possible  in  those  which  like  the  antennal  process  are 
more  or  less  peculiar,  viz  :  the  pencil-tufted  maxillary  palpi,  the  bitufted 
antennx*,  the  erect  recurved  [)alpi,  the  cruss  ridges  tif  scales  on  wings, 
the  costal  fold  beneath  the  fore  wings,  and  the  genital  armature.  Taking 
all  these  characteristics  we  feel  certain  our  American  species  are  very 
nearly  related  to  the  P/iyciliiLe  antl  that  the}'  connect  these  with  the 
Pyralidin.e  though  much  ckiser  to  the  former  than  the  latter. 

The  points  of  affinity  to  the  PliYciiidce  are  not  a  few  and  even  in 
their  widest  difl'erences  the  two  groups  are  strongly  correllaled. 

In  the  ftalpi,  antenna?,  clypeus,  ocelli,  pencillate  maxillary  palpi, 
venation,  costal  fold,  viteous  spot,  scale  ridges  and  general  construction 
of  the  genitalia  the  E,'dpaschiine  agree  with  certain  of  the  P/iydlidce,  or, 
what  amounts  to  quite  as  much,  the\-  do  not  agree  \\ith  each  other. 

The  points  of  difference  aie  as  follows  :  ist,  the  l)iloLied  maxillary 
palpi  ;  2nd,  the  antcuMal  process  ;  3rd.  the  basal  tuft  on  underside  of 
fore  wings  on  inner  margin  ;  4th,  the  frenulum,  single  in  (^,  double  in 
Q  ;  5th,  the  hair  pectination  of  the  lower  median  ve:n  of  the  hind  wings. 
In  all  diese  the  Epipaschihice  are  distinct  from  the  P/nr.didw. 

In  most  of  these  very  peculiarities  of  tlie  Efipascliiinac  however, 
there  is  an  approach  to  the  Phycilidac,  or  tlie  tendency  is  found  among 
the  Phycitidac.  The  bilobed  maxillary  palpi  we  Sjieak  of  as  a  difference 
though  it  is  by  no  means  such.  It  is  rather  one  of  the  most  convincing 
proofs  ofclo.se  relationship  to  the  Phyciiidae  \  for  this  ])eciiliarity,  (jilier-  ■ 
wise  so  far  as  we  know  unique,  is  possessed  bv  some  of  the  Phycilidae. 
The  bilobing  is  a  modification  of  the  two  ultiiriaie  membei"s  in  which 
the  last  is  set  nt)t  on  the  end  but  on  the  side  of  the  one  t)elow,  and 
generally  near  its  base,  so  that  in  some  instances  the  two  members  seem 
to  be  almost  set  together  on  the  summit  of  the  antepenultimate  member. 
Among  the  Epipaschiinae  there  is  some  variation,  for  in  Oneida  hinulalis 
the  end  member  is  above  the  middle  of  the  one  on  which  it  is  p'aced. 
Among  the  Phycitidac  in  all  cases  of  the  hair  pencilling  of  the  maxillary 
palpi  examined  by  us,  both  the  end  members  are  pencilled,  and  there  is 


—45— 

in  some  cases  the  existing  of  the  hilobing.  In  Rliodophaea  advenella  the 
hist  member  is  not  on  the  end  of  the  one  below.  In  Dioryctria  inenda- 
cella  and  Pevipclia  ornatella  the  bilobing  is  distinct,  the  end  member 
being  set  nearly  at  tiie  base  of  the  one  below  it.  In  Pcmpelia  ornalella 
as  in  others  of  the  pencil-tnfied  species  where  tlie  bilobing  does  not  exi^^t, 
the  antepenultimate  member  is  long,  filiform,  just  as  it  is  found  in  some 
of  the  Kpipaschiinae  and  the  counter[)ait  of  its  appearance  in  Oneida 
luiiit/a/is. 

The  antennal  process  is  not  possessed  by  any  Phycitid,  yet 
Etiella  has  a  more  marked  basal  antennal  protuberance  than  has 
Atlacapa  callipepleLa.  Indeed,  if  the  antennal  proce-s  be  insisted  upon 
as  a  subfamily  characteristic,  Etiella  must  be  catalogued  with  the  Epi- 
paschiinae. 

The  frenulum  is  a  secondary  sexual  character,  though  one  we  con- 
sider of^  very  great  value,  and  so  far  as  we  have  observed,  no  Phycitid 
has  the  frenulum  doul)le  in  the  9>  '^^  'S  the  case  with  all  Epipaschiinae. 

The  pectination  of  the  knver  median  vein  of  the  hind  wings  separates 
them  so  far  as  we  are  aware  from  all  Phyci/idae.  But  to  make  this 
peculiaiity  a  basis  of  suhfainily  separation  seems  to  us  to  be  giving  it  an 
unwarranted  importance.  Mr.  Merrick  (Trans.  N.  Zealand  Inst.,  Vol. 
XVII,  6y,  1S84),  [ilact-s  in  the  Scopaniiioe  two  genera  and  in  the 
i?w//c//;/(?t' one  genus,  (Tians.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  Oct.  1884,  pp.  293  and 
3281,  in  which  the  lower  median  is  pectinated.  This  peculiarity  is  not 
made  a  necessary  basis  of  separation  in  the  Tortricidac,  for  in  s[)ite  of 
it,  in  view  of  othc^r  characteristics,  Prof.  Fcrnald  and  Mr.  Meyrick  place 
those  with  and  without  this  distinction  in  tlie  sime  subfamily  when  they 
agree  in  the  ])os-<tssi"n  of  the  dL'\elo|ied  genital  uncus,  (Trans.  N.  Zea- 
land Inst.,  Vwl.  XVII.   141,  1884). 

We  can  not,  of  course,  make  linear  catalogues,  but  from  what  has 
been  said  we  think  in  American  cataT  gues  the  Epipaschiime  aiid  Phy- 
citidae  must  go  together,  and  that  they  cannot,  without  violence,  be 
sejiarated. 

In  our  stud}' of  the  North  American  species  we  have  found  some 
novel  and  ti)  us  unique  characteristics  to  which  reference  has  already 
been  made.      'These  we  will  now  ri.:vicw'  more  in  detail. 

PALPI. 

In  these  species  the  most  remarkable  characteristics  are  the  length  of 
this  organ,  and  the  length  and  position  of  the  end  member.  In  all  cases- 
the  palpi  are  long,  and  when  erect,  exceed  the  head.  'The  2nd  member 
is  cimiparatively  long,  in  some  cases  very  long,  and  is  always  heavily 
scaled,  more  especially  in  the  male  'The  end  member  is  comparatively 
short,  sometimes  exeedingly  short  ;   it    is   variable   in   shape,    sometimes 


-46- 

oval  linear,  sometimes  conical.  It  is  generally  set  on  the  end  of  the 
secnntl  member,  but  in  some  cases  in  front,  and  in  one  species  does  not 
reach  as  high  as  the  summit  of  the  second  member. 
MAXILLARY  PALPL 
These  show  a  remarkable,  and,  if  we  except  some  Phycitidae,  a  unique 
characteristic.  The  maxillary  palpi  are  present  in  all  species  we  have 
e.xammed,  though  in  the  s3nopbis  hereafter  given  we  speak  of  them  as 
being  invisible  in  some  species.  They  are  in  these  entirely  beyond  ob- 
servation except  under  the  most  careful  preparation  of  the  head  parts, 
and  then  only  under  a  power  of  at  least  20  to  30  diameters.  But  in  all 
cases  the  charactt'ri^tic  is  the  same.  The  end  member  is  not  on  the 
summit  of  the  member  next  below,  but  is  set  upon  it  nearly  at  its  ba>e, 
sometimes  seeming  to  be  directly  from  the  ^ame  stem.  All  s\stematisis 
have  noticed  the  bi  tufted  maxillary  pal[)i,  l)ut  none  seem  to  have  noticed 
that  it  was  accompanied  with  a  remarkable  modification  of  the  organ 
itself. 

EYES. 

The  eyes  are  surrounded  with  a  flinging  of  short  hairs. 
ANTENN.rE. 

The  antennce  are  in  no  respects  stixingly  peculiar,  except  in  the 
presence  of  the  basal  membraneous  process.  Idiey  are  doubly  bitulted 
pubescent  on  the  basal  and  middle  segments,  and  simply  pubescent  to- 
wards the  end.  In  one  species  each  segment,  basall\-  and  medianly, 
seems  to  be  doubly  tritufted.  The  tultings  are  on  the  posterior  side, 
and  are  shorter  in  the  female.  In  all  cases  the  antenniv  are  scaled  in 
front. 

The  process  is  subject  to  great  variation  in  shape,  as  will  be  seen 
from  the  figures. 

THORAX  and  ABDOMEN. 

There  is,  so  far  as  we  have  noticed,  no  peculiarity  about  the  thorax 
or  abdomen,  except  in  one  .species  ;  in  that  the  abdomen  is  tufted 
laterally  on  the  i)enultimate  and  antipenultimate  members  much  after  tlie 
manner  of  Saniea,  (juen.  The  genitalia  differ  in  some  respects  in  the 
direction  of  the  furcate  basal  part  of  the  uncus,  and  in  the  lateral  spines. 

WINGS. 
There  are  some  remarkable  ])eculiarities  in  the  wings.  In  some  of 
the  species  the  wings  are  simple  and  correspond  in  both  sexes.  In 
others  there  are  modifications  of  a  sexual  character  which,  taken  as  a 
whole,  are  extraordinary,  and,  so  far  as  we  are  awaie,  unique.  In  the 
females  the  wings  aie  simple,  and  follow  the  normal  struciure.  In  the 
males  there  is  a  co.stal  Ibid  oflonrr  scales   ranched   transversely  beneath 


—47— 

the  wing,  nnd  umler  this,  more  or  le^s  concealed,  a  vitrifying  of  the  discal 
space.  This  vitrifoction  essentially  modifies  the  venation  ;  the  cross  vein 
on  the  outer  margin  of  the  discal  cell  is  lost  from  its  place,  and  vein  6 
continues  almost  to  the  base,  to  which  place  the  outer  discal  vein  seems 
to  be  forced.  7'he  vitrifaction  is  both  sides  vein  6,  and  tliis  is  pushed  out 
by  the  spaces  in  waves  back  and  forth.  The  costal  and  subcostal  veins 
are  strongly  modified,  being  driven  together,  and  having  the  appearance 
of  anastomosmg.  The  costal  space  is  broadened  basally.  I'lie  lower 
median  is  extraordinarily  broadened,  especially  at  and  beyond  the  union 
with  vein  2,  where  it  is  swollen  and  seems  to  be  filled  with  a  liquid  in 
color  and  appearance  much  like  that  which  exudes  from  the  wings  when 
punctured  during  expansion.  We  are  confident  the  insect  can  at  will 
expand  the  tuftings  of  the  maxillary  palpi,  and  can  project  forward  the 
costal  scale  fold,  and  expose  the  vitreous  space,  and  can  thus  with  its 
bitufted  antennae  and  movable  scaled  process  added,  far  beyond  the  ord- 
inary ability  of  the  Lepidoptera,  flaunt  its  beauty  peacock-like  before  its 
mate  for  the  sake  of  gaining  her  admiration  and  becoming  her  choice 
in  love. 

Another  peculiarity  of  the  wings  is  a  patch  of  short  stiff  hairs  at  the 
base  of  the  fore  wings  between  vein  i  and  the  inner  margin. 

Still  another  peculiarity  is  the  fienulum  wliich  is  single  in  the  male, 
divided  in  the  female. 

Vein  I  is  sometimes  furcate  near  the  base,  sometimes  not,  in  the 
same  species.  No  reliance  can  be  p'aced  u[)on  this  peculiarity  for 
generic  deieimination.  This  is  the  only  puint  of  structure  which  gives 
any  suggestion  of  relationship  to  ihe  Galleriidae. 

In  a  few  insiantes  we  ha\e  found  veins  4  and  5  of  the  fore  wings, 
after  separation  from  the  angle,  jouied  again,  f<irniing  a  cell.  This  is, 
however,  a  characterisdc  not  permanent  to  the  species. 

Still  another  veiy  extraorilinary  characteristic  is  the  existence  in 
some  species  of  11. veins  only  in  the  fore  \ving>  of  llie  (^,  while  the  ^ 
has  12.  From  very  caiefiil  observations  upon  finely  prepared  specimens, 
we  are  of  the  opinion  that  this  is  due  to  the  coalescing  of  10  and  11 
through  the  modifical'on  caused  by  the  viinlied  space.  In  the  1  i-veined 
f<  males,  ihe  samt-  thing  has  happened  from  other  causes.  With  Mr. 
Meyrick  we  agree  that  no  vein  is  ordinarily  lost,  save  by  coalescing 
witli  another,  the  point  of  furcation  being  moved  beyond  the  edge  of  the 
Wing. 

Still  another  peculiarity  is  the  strong  tendency  to  iridescence  on  the 
posterior  ponion  of  the  fore  wings  beneath.  It.  is  ordinarily  apparent  as 
a  iiioth  r  of  pearl  biser,  but  under  a  strong  glass  with  very  strong  light 
it  sliuws  out  with  a  splendor  we  have  rarely  or  never  seen  surpassed. 


-48— 

LEGS. 

The  legs  are  generally  very  squammosely  clothed.  The  tarsi  only 
are  spinulated,  in  some  cases  the  hind  tarsi  only,  but  the  tarsal  hairs  so 
nearly  appear  like  spines  that  it  is  difficult  to  tell  the  difference  save  in 
carefully  prepared  specimens  and  under  a  strong  magnifying  power.  In 
all  cases  the  spinulation  is  most  decided  on  the  hind  tarsi.  In  the  other 
tarsi  it  is  sometimes  altogether  wanting.  The  middle  tibiae  are  armed  as 
is  usual,  the  spurs  being  strong,  the  outer  one  generally  much  the  longer. 
In  a  single  instance  the  hind  tibioe  have  the  end  pair  of  spurs  only,  a 
variation  so  remarkable  in  so  small  a  family  that  we  assert  it  only  afier 
careful  and  repeated  observation. 

The  feet  are  2-cla\ved,  the  claws  sharp,  rounded,  sickle-shaped,  with 
an  angular  projection  at  the  middle  of  the  concave  side.  The  foot  itself 
between  the  bases  of  the  claws  is  furnished  with  a  prominent  projecting 
pad,  an  organ  which  we  have  not  hitherto  ol)served  in  the  Lefiidoptera. 
From  the  base  of  the  claws  above  a  number  of  long  slender  spines  pro- 
ject, curved  somewhat  inwardly  about  the  fotit. 

The  following  synopsis,  as  well  as  what  has  been  said  above,  is 
based  upon  the  species  of  North  America  only. 

EPIPASCHIINiE.    Uals. 

Efipaschiae,    Grote,    Geol.    Surv.    Terr.     Bull.    4,    p.  685,  1878;   N.  A. 

Ento.  I,  7,   1879;  Efipaschiadae,  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ento.  Soc.  Lond. 

April,  1884,  62;  Trans.  Ento.  Soc.   Lond.,  Sept.,   1887,   187;  Epi- 

paschiinae,  Walsiugham,  Trans.  Linn.  Soc.  Lond.  V,  pt.  2,  47,  1888. 

Head: 

Palpi,  erect  or  recur\ed,  long  or  very  long,  heavily  scaled  ;  2nd  mem- 
ber long,  3rd  short  or  ver\-  short. 
Maxillary  palpi,  bilobed  at  end,   often  strongly  developed  and   pencil 
tufted  in  (^,  smaller  and  not   pencil   tufted   in    9  >'    sometimes    in- 
visible in  both  sexes. 
Eyes,  globular,  protiuding,  fringed,  rather  widely  separated. 
Ocelli,  present,  di>iinct. 

Clypeus,  flat  or  slightly  rounded,  broad,  without  hair  tu(t. 
Aniennae,  in   front   scaled,    behind    double   tii-   or  l)itiifted    pubescent 
except  near  end.  there  pube.sjeni ;  fro.n  b.is.d  member  posterioily,  a 
membraneous  scaled  process. 
Tongue,  strong,    long,    scaled    in    front   near   base,    divisions  stri>ngly 
marked. 
Thorax,   broaii,  generally  heavy,  pitagice  long  scaled,    a   tuft   of  long 

scales  beneath  at  base  ol  fore  win-s. 
\Vings, 

Fure  -ivings,  bioad,    costa   straight   or  somewhat   arched,    apex   never 


—49— 

sharp,  sometimes  obtuse  rounded:  outer  margin  rDundiHl,  inner 
margin  rounded,  generally  slightly  sinuate.  Above,  the  most  of 
the  species  have  2  crossbands  of  larger  scales,  which  in  places  rise 
u])  into  tuftings  ;  two  cross  lines  limiting  the  basal  and  middle 
fields,  l^eneath,  both  sexes  with  the  usual  hair  tuft  receptacle  in 
which  the  frenulum  is  hooked  ;  a  tuft  or  patch  of  coarse,  not  very 
long,  hairs  at  the  base  of  the  wing  between  vein  i  ami  the  inner 
margin.  In  some  of  the  species,  in  the  males,  a  costal  fold  of  coarse 
transverse  scales  extending  from  base  sometimes  7.,  the  length  of 
costa.    Beneath  this  and  partially  or  altogether  hidden  a  vitreous  spot. 

Hind  wings,  broad,  nearly  unicolorous,    with  rather  indistinct  anterior 
angle  and  rounded  anal  angle. 
Venation. 

Fore  icings,  12-  or  11 -veined,  venation  very  variable,  tnit  7,  Sand 
9  always  stemmed,  3  always  separate.  A  peculiar  feature  is  in 
the  abnormal  venation  of  those  males  wliich  have  the  costal 
fold  and  vitreous  spot  on  the  fore  wings ;  the  ordinary  plan  of 
venation  is  essendally  modified,  the  outer  discal  limitation  being 
lost  and  the  lower  median  being  greatly  widened  and  swollen. 

Hitid  7vings.  with  3  internal  veins,  and  8  veins  in  all,  counting  afier 
the  method  of  most  of  the  great  systematists  and  the  method  now 
almost  universally  adopted  ;  cell  short  and  closed,  8  reaches  the 
base,  being  joined  with  7  by  a  short  cross  vein  beyond  the  cell.  Sub- 
costal present,  distinct  near  anterior  angle,  but  becoming  obsolete 
alwa\s  before  reaching  base.     Otherwise  the  venation  is  \ariable. 

Frenulum,   single  in  (j^,  double  in  O. 
Abdomen,  cylindric,  not  tufted,    with  one  exception. 

Geni/alid.  Uncus  prominent,  slender,  bent,  furcate  at  base;  inferior 
lobe  somewhat  ladle-shaped,  fringed  on  upper  posterior  margin 
with  stiff  inwardly  directed  hairs  ;  side  lobes  rather  prominent  with 
long  hairs  turned  inwardly  and  sometimes  with  stout  incurving 
spine  at  base. 
Legs,  rather  short,  stout,  generally  loosely  scaled,  tarsi  generally  spin- 
ulated,  claw  sharp,  sickle-shaped. 

Fore  legs.  Cox^  broad,  flattened,  oval,  broadest  at  base  ;  femora 
flattened,  stout ;  tibia;  short,  al)out  '/.,  femora,  tibial  epiphysis  near 
middle  and  less  than  '/-i  tibiie  in  length.  ist  tarsus  as  long  as  tibia, 
and  about  as  long  as  the  rest  together  ;  femora  sometimes  tufted  on 
end. 

Middle  legs.  Coxa',  femora  and  tibix-  flattened-cylindrical,  the  tibia;  en- 
larged at  lower  end  :  tibia  with  a  j^air  of  spurs  at  end  ;  tibia  a  little 
shorter  than  femora  :    1st  tarsus  nearlv  as  long  as  the  rest  together. 


-50- 

Hind  legs.  Femora  and  tibiae  c\lindric,  not  incrassated  ;  tibiae  with 
end  pair  of  spurs,  and  j2;enerallv  with  middle  pair  also;  femora"/: 
the  length  oftiUia;;  tibia;  Sdmewhat  tufted  at  summit;  I^t  tarsus 
nearly  as  long  as  the  rest  together. 
Larvae  as  far  as  known  cyhndric,  with  small  hair  tufted  tubercles  on 
each  segment;  head  rounded;  legs  i6.  They  live  concealed  in 
folded  leaves,  held  thus  by  fastenings  of  silk,  and  sometimes  in  tubes 
of  silk  ant!  frass  within  these.  They  pupate  in  a  close  cocoon  on 
the  surface  of  the  ground.  Some  of  the  species  are  double  brooded, 
and  some  at  least  remain  ni  the  cocoon  unchanged  as  larvne  till  the 
following  Spring. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  GENERA. 

1  Fore  wings  of  r\'  simple,  12- veined  in  both  sexes    2. 

Fore  winus  ot  (-J   witli  costal  fold  and  vitreous  spot  l)eneath .6. 

2  Maxillary  palpi  present    3. 

Maxillary  palpi  invisible       Oneida. 

3  Hind  \\h\x  with  2  jiair  of  spurs 4. 

Hind  til)i;t  with  end  ]iair  of  spurs  only Yuma. 

4  Maxillary  ]5alpi  scaled  in  (j' Epipaschia. 

Maxillary  palpi  pencil  tufted  in  (5'     5. 

5  Process  loiisj Cacozelia. 

Process  short Stericta. 

6  Fore  wintjs  1 1 -veined  in  (^,  12-veined  in  O -. 7. 

Fore  wintjs  1 1 -veined  in  both  sexes 8. 

7  Fore  wintjs,  10  and  11  separate;  6    stemmed    with  7.  S  and  9  in  y  ;  palpi  erect, 

not  recurved  over  heati  ;  3rd   member  on  end  of  2nd    member  and   co'ii]3ara- 

tivelyvery  long Lanthaphe. 

Fore  wings,  10  and  11  stemmed,   6   separate;   palpi   long,    re-curved   over  thorax, 
Acrolophus  like  ;  3rd  member  very  siiort,   set  in  iront  of  tiie  2ntl  memlfr 

Saluda. 

8  Maxillary  palpi  present  ;  antennal  process  more  or  less  develo[)ed .  .  9. 

Maxillary  palpi  invisible  ;  process  hardly  indicated Attacapa. 

9  Fore  wings  6,  7,  8  and  9  stemmed  in  t^) Tioga. 

Fore  wings  6  separate  in  '^    Tetralopha. 

EPIPASCHIA,   Clem. 
(Ef>i,  upon,  and  pttsc/nin,  to  be  impressed.) 

Clemens,    Proc.    Nat.    Sci.     Phila.,    Jan.     i860,    p.    14;    Grote. 

Proc.   Bost.    Soc.   N.    Hist.,  Vol.  XIX,    p.  262,    1877;  Geo). 

Surv.  Terr.  Bull.,  IV,    685,    1878;  N.  A.    Ento.    I,    9.    1879; 

Meyrick,   Trans.    Ento.   Soc.   Lond.,    April    1884,  62,   Trans. 

Ento.  Soc.    Lond.,  Sept.   1887,   187. 
Deiiterolyta,  Led.,  Wien.  Monats.,  Vll,  358,   1863;  Grote,  ButT. 

Bull.,  II,  77,   1873  ;   Meyrick,  Trans.  Ento.  Soc.  Lond.,  Sept. 

1887,   187. 
Alochlocera,  Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  VIII,    p.   151,  1876;  Geol.    Surv. 

Terr.    Bull.,  IV,  686,  N.  A.  Ent.  I,    9,    pi.  2,    f.  2  ;   Meyrick, 

Trans.  Ento.  Soc.  Lond.,  Sept.  1887.  187. 


—51  — 

Cafamola,  Meyr  ,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  April,   1884,  63;  I.e. 

Sept.   1887,  187,  I.e.  Oct.   1884,  280. 
Astrofouu'iis,  INIeyr. ,  1   c.  April  1884,  67;   I.e.    Sept.   1887,   187. 

r,il|)i  eifct,  rc.icliin;^  above  he.ul.  heavily  scaled,  end  member  short,  less  than 
'/^  tlie  lent,'lh  of  ihe  second,  maxi  laiy  |).il|)i  scaled  ;  antennal  proje-is  strong,  Ioiil,'. 
reaching  back  over  thoiax,  with  lon;^  hairs  ami  scales,  excej)!  basally  and  above 
where  the  scales  are  short  and  closely  laid  ;  thorax  stout  ;  tore  wings  i2-veined,  1 
often  furcate,  4  and  5  stemmed  or  sepaiate,  6  separate,  7,  8  and  9  stemmed,  10,  il 
and  12  sepaiate;  above  with  cross  ridges  of  scales  running  into  lutings,  simple 
beneath  ;  hind  win<,'s  8-veinefl,  3  sep.irate,  4  and  5  separate  or  stemmed,  7  and  8 
separate  or  stemmed  ;  cell  very  short. 

C<tii/(i/ia,    I  oimal. 

I  did  not  know  of  Mr.  Aleyrick's  work  upon  the  Epipascliiinac  until 
after  I  had  publislietl  the  article  in  Ento.  Am.,  Vol.  Ill,  pp.  113  — 118. 
I  have  since  then  examined  quite  a  number  of  specimens  of  American 
species,  and  incline  to  ag'ree  with  Mr.  Meyricks  final  determination 
that  (lifi'erencts  ot  venation  which  elsewhere  woidd  be  a  reliable  basis  of 
division  cannot  be  rdieil  upon  in  this  subfamily.  As  a  consequence, 
several  ,2;enera  which  wcnild  be  vahd  under  ordinary  circumstances,  must 
be  combined. 

There  can,  we  think,  be  no  doubt  of  the  identity  of  Denterolyta 
\\\\.\\  Epipaschia.  Mr.  Grote  says  (Buff.  Bull.  I,  177,  1873)  ^'^'^t  he 
sent  a  specimen  of  his  D.  borcalis,  to  Prof.  Zeller  and  he,  on  Lederer's 
authority,  idenistied  it  as  Lederer's  species;  but  D.  borea/is,  Grote,  is 
Epipaschia  superaialis,  Clem. 

SY,VOFS/S  OF  SPECIES. 

Fore  wings  olive  or  ochre  yellow,   hind  wings  light  fuscous superatahs. 

Basal  field  blackish,   hmd  wings  dark  fu-cous    ze  leri. 

E.    superatalis,  C'emeus.    Proc.   Acad.    Nat.  Sci.,    Phila. ,    i860, 

]).    14  ;   Grote  {Epipaschia),    Proc.    Bost.    Soe.    N.   Hist.,  XIX. 

262,   1877;  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.  Bull.,  IV,  p.  686,   1878,   N.  A. 

Km.,  I,  9,  pi.  I,  f •  I,    1879. 

Ciiiisf icua/is.    Led.    {Deiifero/vla),    Wiener    ^b:)nats. ,    VII,    360, 

p.   \'1I,  f   16,   17,   1863;      r.  te,   Ikiff.  Bull.,  I,   177,   1873, 
Boreaiis,    (jrote.  {Deulerulyta),  Buff.   Bull,  I.    177.   1873.   '^  77; 

1.S74,    Proe.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hi>t  ,  XIX,  262,  1877. 
0/iva/is,  Hulst,  {Te/ra/opha),  Trans.  Am.   Knt.  Soc,    XI 11,    160, 
1886. 
I'alpi  ratl^.er  -lender,    erect,   con-i'le  ah!y    excee^ling    head  ;  end    memb  r   rather 
prominent,  -omeulut  niclined  loruar  1  :  m  ixillay  jjilpi  (|niie  long,  a  little  asce  ;ding, 
thrust  forward  In- ween  the  palpi  ;   pa'pi.    m.ixill.iry    palpi,    Iront  and  base  of  .m'ennre 
and  proces-  oilier  or  olive  yellow.     O.elli  disuiut.      Process  long,  reaching   nearly  to 
abdomen,  closely  scaKd  ai)ove,  li.m   h.iiied  belou,    except  at  end  where  ilie  hairs  be- 
come   l(jnt,'    scales.       Antenna*    d  iul)le    l)ituft«  dpnb -scent,     more    maiked    in    i^ale 
than  female.     Foie  wings  dusty  ocher  or  olive  yeil  .wi-n,    gray    with    powdery  black 


lines.  Inner  middle  line  marked  on  costa  by  a  black  dot  ;  Ijelow  it  is  obsolete,  or 
partially  indicated.  A  black  discal  dot  near  the  costal  spot  of  the  inner  line.  Outer 
line  irregularly  denticulate,  better  marked  superiorly,  where  it  runs  obliquely  out 
ward  to  median  nervules,  produced  about  vein  4,  thence  running  inwardly  below 
vein  3,  whence  it  descends,  very  slightly  outwardly  projected,  to  infernal  margin. 
Terminal  field  wide  ;  a  diffuse,  broad,  brownish  or  blacki>h  shade-band  marking  the 
veins.  A  terminal  series  of  distinct  intei>paceal  black  marks  Ijecoming  continuous 
inferiorly.  Fringes  pale,  interrupted  with  brown  and  with  a  dotted  line.  Hind 
wings  tuscous,  the  vems  darker  marked  ;  a  discal  dot  veiy  near  the  base  and  costal 
border  ;  a  terminal  distinct  line  ;  fringes  pale,  with  a  dotted  brown  line.  Ik'neath 
yellowish-gray,  sometimes  suffused  with  blackish  ;  a  common  line  and  discal  dots; 
the  terminal  shade  on  fore  wings  less  prominent  than  above,  and  here  also  continued 
on  secondaries. 

/^«fl/z«v;. --Vein  1  of  the  primaries  is  almost  always  furcate  near  the  base,  the 
furcation  being  sometimes  merely  a  notch  and  sometimes  extending  as  a  vein  to  ba-^e. 
4  and  5  generally  join  at  base  or  are  separate.     ( )n  secondaries  7  and  8  are  sepaiate. 

The  insect  seems  to  be  very  widel}'  distributed.  It  is  takeii  in  the 
V.  S. ,  east  of  the  Rock}'  Mountains,  and  Lederer's  specimens  came  from 
Brazil.  I  have  found  the  larva  on  7?//i/s  loxicodendron  and  Rhus  glabra. 
It  is  tortiiciform,  marked  on  the  segments  with  black  dots.  It  folds  over 
the  leaf  or  joins  together  the  leaflets,  and  lives  within  the  habitation  thus 
formed.      It  is  almost  without  doubt  2-broodecL 

E.  zelleri,  Grote,  {Mochlocera),  Can.  E'nt.,  VIII,  157,  1876, 
Pioc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.,  XIX,  p.  264,  1877;  Geol.  Surv. 
Terr.  Bull,  IV,  686,  1878,  N.  A.  Ent.,  I,  pi.  2,  f  2,  1879. 
Palpi  heavy,  erect,  reaching  above  head,  heavily  ridge-scaled  in  front  an  I  thus 
flattened  in  appearance.  3rd  member  rather  fine,  distinct  ;  maxillary  ]ialpi  a-  in 
supcratalis,  not  quite  so  prominent.  Palpi,  maxillary  palpi  and  head  blackish  gray. 
Antennae  strongly  double  bitufted  in  rj  — slightly  so  in  'J.  Antennal  process  long, 
reaching  neaily  to  al)domen,  closely  scaled  above,  heavily  clothed  with  long  s:aies 
and  hairs  below  and  at  the  end.  Male  antennal  pi'ocess  as  long  as  the  thorax,  or 
nearly  so.  Male  maxillary  palpi  scaled.  Labial  palpi  a  little  exceeding  the  front, 
curved  upward,  with  the  third  joint  siiorter  and  more  distinct  than  in  Epipaschia. 
Fore  wings  divided  into  three  fields  by  the  median  lines.  Inner  line  ilehning  out- 
wardly the  blackish  basal  space.  The  line  itself  is  black,  with  a  slight  median  notch, 
perpendicular.  Median  s]iace  washed  anteriorly  with  white.  A  short,  black.  di>cal 
streak.  Outer  black  line  very  finely  denticulate,  shaped  much  as  in  siipL-rii/a/is,  but 
not  produced  so  nuich  on  median  nervules.  It  arises  at  about  apical  thiid,  at  hrst 
outwardly  obliqui-,  then  running  inwardly  below  median  vein  and  narrt)wing  the 
median  space  thence  to  internal  margin.  Terminally  the  wing  is  a  am  black  or 
blackish.  A  broken  black  line  at  the  mai-gin.  Fringes  on  both  wings  dark,  pale  at 
base,  witii  broken  blackish  interline.  Beneath  blackish,  with  common  shade-band 
and  black  discal  jioint  on  hind  wings. 

Vitiation.  —  Vein  I  of  primaries  is  very  rarely  furcate  at  base,  4  and  5  are  always 
separate  at  base.     On  secondaries  4  and  5  are  jonied  at  ba-ie. 

Te.x.,  N.  Me.K. ,  Mo  ,  probably  everywhere  West  of  the  Mississippi 
to  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  North  to  Nebraska  and  Iowa. 

[  TO  BE  CONTINUED.] 


—  33  — 

Notes  on  Rearing  Lepidoptera.  * 
Jiv  R.    F.    Pearsall. 


So  little  has  been  done  as  vet  in  rearing  Lepidoptera,  that  no  one 
method  can  be  classed  as  superior  to  others,  nor  will  any  insure  success. 
This  is  dependent  upon  the  care  and  diligence  of  those  who  make  the 
attempt.  In  my  experience  I  liave  endeavored  to  re-produce  as  nearly 
as  possible  the  conditions  which  surround  the  various  larvie  in  nature. 
How  best  this  can  be  done  is  a  constant  study  to  a  mind  fertile  in  ex- 
pedients, for  these  conditions  include  degrees  of  heat,  moisture,  space, 
Hght,  condition  of  food-plant,,  and  proper  facilities  for  pupation,  all 
suited  to  the  various  kinds  of  larvae.  In  suppl)ing  these  one  finds  that 
no  rule  can  be  appHed  to  a  single  family,  so  diverse  are  their  needs. 
Take  that  of  AcronvcLe  among  the  Nociuidae.  1  will  recall  my  ex- 
perience with  A.  ovaia.  I  had  been  annoyed  at  its  persistent  attempts 
to  cut  through  the  corners  of  my  wooden  boxes  in  constructing  its  cells 
of  woody  particles,  when  it  occured  to  me  that  a  piece  of  dead-wood 
might  be  preferred  by  it,  antl  thus  save  my  boxes  from  destruction.  I 
placed  a  piece  eight  inches  long,  and  perhaps  three  inches  in  diameter 
in  the  box,  and  all  my  larva;  disappeared  mysteriously  except  two.  How- 
ever, in  due  course,  my  stick  of  wood  gave  out  Sfjme  fifiy  perfectly  de- 
veloped imagos,  and  this  without  being  disturbed  to  outward  appear- 
ance. It  is  a  mistake  to  suppose  that  a  supply  of  fresh  air  is  essential 
to  the  health  of  larvas.  Cleanliness  and  freedom  from  mould  is  of  first 
importance.  Next  in  order  is  the  condition  of  food-plant.  While  it  is 
possible  in  some  cases  to  transfer  larvae  from  one  food-plant  to  another 
of  kindred  family  with  success,  it  can  be  done  more  easily  just  previous 
to,  or  during  the  period  of  moult.  Some  species,  however,  prefer  starv- 
ation rather  than  taste  other  than  their  own  particular  plant.  Suinach  is 
not  Sumach  to  Datana  perspiciia,  unless  it  be  the  broad-leaved  variety. 

']"he  selection  of  food  j)lant,  too,  is  an  important  matter.  When 
you  have  taken  vour  larva  feeding  in  the  open  woods,  on  leaves  tossed 
m  every  breeze,  and  mellowed  into  a  richness  and  texture  that  only  sun 
can  give,  don't  go  to  the  shad}'  border  of  that  wood  and  gather  them, 
thin,  sour,  and  perfect  as  a  maiden  of  fifty.  They  will  prove  as  disas- 
trous to  your  larvit  as  green  apples  to  the  school  boy.  I  have  found 
also  that  heat  during  larval  existance  is  an  important  factor  in  determin- 
ing the  duration  of  pupal  life.  Species,  ordinarily  single-brooded,  may 
be  pei-suaded  to  go  through  these  transformations  at  once,  instead  of 
going  over  the  winter.  I  tried  it,  and  was  successful  in  the  case  of 
Edema  Albifrons,  bringing  out  some  eighty  specimens,  while  my  friend 


Read  before  the  Soc,  Jan.  8,  1889. 


—54— 

Mr.  Elliott  was  equally  successful  with  Datana  perspicua.  Specimens 
thus  produced  are,  1  have  found,  less  liable  to  f>rease  than  others.  So 
it  IS  with  specimens  of  the  first  brood  in  all  species  producing  mure  than 
one  brood  in  a  season. 

While  a  certain  amount  of  space  dependent  upon  the  larva.'  collected 
is  desirable  for  some  species,  it  is  also  a  fact  that  others  do  better  if  con- 
fined in  close  quarters.  I  refer  particulaily  to  various  Cochliduc,  Cerurce. 
and  Noiodtmtce.  In  the  case  of  one  variety  of  the  latter  I  fuund  i  im- 
possible to  bring  them  through  until  I  confined  them  in  a  close  tin  bo.x 
two  or  three  together  almost  air-tight,  and  in  this  way  they  reached 
maturity  without  trouble. 

Many  species  feed  only  at  night,  and  these  may  be  hastened  in  their 
growth  by  being  kept  in  a  dark  box.  'I'hus  it  will  be  seen  that  only  ex- 
perience and  careful  observaiion  of  the  habits  of  laivae,  coupled  with 
that  great  essential  of  all,  cleanliness,  will  produce  satisfactory  results 
in  the  rearing  of  Lepidtiptera.  Jf  the  larvae  are  not  properly  tended, 
your  pu[)a?  will  produce  imperfect,  weakly  specimens. 

The  treatment  of  pupa^  is  a  matter  of  experiment  to  most  of  us. 
Many  species  remain  as  larvae  within  their  pupal  shells  until  the  Spring. 
anil  these  require  special  care  both  as  to  moisiure  and  temperature.  1 
have  found  it  possible  by  a  constant  and  cateful  application  of  heat  to 
produce  Winter  s[)ecimens  from  many  pupa),  but  unless  great  caie  is 
exercised  not  to  hasten  them  too  much,  vour  imagos  will  be  but  thinly 
covered  with  scales,  and  their  colors  faded. 

I  feel  that  my  subject  has  been  but  barely  touched  upon  as  }et. 
Many  things  I  would  like  to  present  on  the  habits  of  larva'  so  full  of 
interest,  their  diseases  and  enemies.  The  Coclodasys  group  wliich  feed 
in  the  margin  of  leaves  so  nearly  resembling  by  their  jagged  outlines  and 
colors,  and  the  actual  shape  of  the  leaf,  as  readily  to  escape  attention 
are  especially  of  interest. 

The  CatocoLc  too  stretched  at  length  along  the  dead  twigs  or  hidden 
in  the  interstices  of  the  baik,  which  when  touched  fling  themselves  into 
the  air  for  many  feet  with  a  faith  as  to  the  result,  that  might  insj)ire  more 
of  us  with  courage.  It  is  a  remarkab'e  (act  that  at  various  periods  of 
their  lives,  larvaj  seem  to  require  food  other  than  vegetable.  1  refer  to 
their  habit  of  eating  the  shells  of  their  eggs  when  first  hatched,  and  their 
cast  off  skin  at  each  successive  moult.  It  has  been  supposed  that  this 
was  done  as  a  matter  of  protection,  in  order  that  their  enemies  might 
not  be  aware  of  their  presence  by  it,  but  I  have  found  that  it  has  a  much 
more  important  place  than  this  in  their  economy,  for  if  deprived  of  this 
stimulent  to  their  appetites,  in  most  cases  they  refuse  food  and  die, 
particularly  in  the  early  stages  of  their  growth. 

These  and  many  more  I  might  mention,  are  worthy  of  study. 


—55— 

Preparatory  Stages  of  Dasylophia  anguina,  S?//.  Abb. 

By  Harrison  G.    Dyar. 

Rliiiielieck,  N.  Y. 


Egg. — Evenly  rounded,  flattened  above  and  below,  smooth.  Color 
reddish,  tleepening  in  shade  above  ;   diameter  about  .7  mm. 

Aeiv/v  hatched  hirva.  —  Of  a  ^elluwish  color,  sircaked  irregularly 
longitudinally  with  red  laterally,  and  riiaiked  with  the  same  color  on 
joints  5,  II  and  12,  joint  5  being  completely  led.  Head  yellowish, 
marked  with  red.  Jiody  covered  spar>ely  with  black  hairs  which  are 
much  more  stout  and  bnst  y  on  top  of  juints  6,  7  and  8,  than  on  any 
other  [)ait.  Length  about  3.5  nun.  The  anal  feet  are  not  used  in 
walking^. 

A/lcr  1st  moult. — Color  greenish  with  several  interrupted  lateral 
brownish  lines;  on  juini  5  two  elev<ited  brown  spois,  antl  one  on  joint 
12.      Head  reddish  orange;  anal  feet  brown. 

After  2nd  moult. — Color  violet  blue  with  a  lateral,  and  a  wide 
dorsal,  l)riglit  yelK)W  sirii^e,  edged  with  black,  the  dorsal  stripe  divided 
by  a  black  line  and  reaching  only  to  joint  11,  being  replaced  on  joint 
12  by  a  black  spot  ;  a  black  spot  on  each  side  of  joint  5,  and  a  row  of 
larger  spots  one  on  each  joint  above  the  bases  of  the  legs;  last  joint 
marked  posteriorly  widi  black  ;  head  orange. 

After  jrd  moult. — Same  as  in  the  preceeding  stage  except  that  the 
dorsal  stripe  is  of  a  more  reddish  shade. 

After  4th  Tiioult. — Mature  larva  :  body  cylindrical,  tapering  some- 
what to  each  e.xtremiiy,  the  anal  feet  elevateii  and  not  used  in  walking ; 
head  rising  above  the  lop  of  joint  2,  of  a  red  color.  The  body  is  of  a 
shiny,  reddish  purjile,  with  seven  longitudinal  black  lines,  one  dorsal 
and  three  on  each  side,  the  lateral  ones  confluent  on  joint  11  leaving 
the  ground  color  light  blue  between  them.  This  color  also  edges  nar- 
rt)wly  the  dorsal  line  of  each  sitie.  Below  the  lateral  lines  is  a  broad 
yellow  band,  white  in  the  center,  and  below  this  a  row  of  large  black 
spots,  one  on  each  segment.  Dorsum  shaded  with  reddish  and  a  little 
yellow  just  above  the  lateral  black  lines.  The  lines  do  not  e.xtend  beyond 
joint  I  1,  there  being  a  black  spot  on  each  side  of  joint  12  and  posteriorly 
on  the  last  joint.  An  elevated  black  spot  on  top  of  joint  12,  and  one 
on  each  side  of  joint  5,  the  latter  interrupting  the  two  upper  of  the  three 
lateral  black  lines.  Venter  with  traces  of  a  longitudinal  black  line. 
Thoracic  feet  red  ;  claspers  of  abdominal  feet  reddish.  Length,  about 
45  mm. 


-56- 

Pupa. — Enveloped  in  a  thin,  but  somewhat  tough  cocoon,  com- 
posed of  silk  and  bits  of  earth  &c.,  constructed  at  the  surface  of  the 
ground.  It  is  23  mm.  long,  6  mm.  in  diameter,  shining  dark  chestnut 
brown  ;  cremaster  short  and  blunt,   terminating  in  several  booklets. 

Food  plant  :   Clover. 

The  duration  of  each  stage  was  about  four  days,  with  the  exception 
of  the  last  which  was  six  davs.  The  eg<;s  hatched  August  17th  and  the 
larvce  ceased  feeding  September  6th.  They  became  pupa;  in  a  few  days 
after  constructing  their  cocoons  and  passed  the  winter  in  this  stage. 
There  are  two  broods  of  this  insect  in  a  season,  those  here  describeil 
being  of  the  second  l)rood. 


Two  Beetles  new  to  the  N.  A.  Fauna. 

By   Wm.    J  Li  Lie h. 


The  swift  and  daily  intercourse  between  Europe  and  this  countr\' 
has  added  two  more  species,  only  recently  observed  in  this  vicinity,  to 
the  quite  extensive  list  of  imported  snout  beetles.  Four  years  ago  Mr. 
H.  B.  Bailey  found  a  number  of  Strophosovius  Cory/i,  Fab.,  m  the 
Orange  Mountains  in  New  Jersey,  on  the  Cherry  or  Black  Birch  {Beliila 
lentil,  L.)  and  has  taken  them  since  then  every  year  on  the  same  clump 
of  trees.  They  appear  about  the  first  of  September,  and  through  the 
month  ;  also  a  few  specimens  very  early  in  the  Spring,  which  fact  seems 
to  indicate  that  the  beetle  hibernates. 

The  Cherry  Birch  is  very  rarely  found  in  this  locality,  in  fact,  I  have 
seen  only  about  6  or  7  trees,  besides  the  above  mentioned  group,  from 
which  I  took  about  6  specimens  of  Sirophosomus,  Sept.  9th,  last  year. 
The  insect  is  very  common  in  Europe  and  lives  on  all  kinds  of  trees, 
especially  Beach  and  young  Hazel,  and  is  not  known  as  doing  any 
damage.  In  order  that  it  may  be  recognized  I  give  the  following  de- 
scription. 

Strophosomus  coryli.  Fab.  S.  E.,  II,  524.  Gyllh.,  Ins.,  Ill, 
304,  32,  and  IV,  613,  32. 

Black,  covered  very  densely  with  liyht  gray  and  Vjrownish  scales  with  metallic 
lustre.  Beak  very  wide,  flat,  densely  metallic  punctured,  with  fine,  distinct  groove 
to  base  of  head,  eyes  prominent,  thorax,  coarsely  not  densely  punctured  with  fine 
groove  in  middle,  sides  arcuate  ;  elytra  oval,  convex,  angles  rounded,  striato-punctate, 
interstices  with  erect  bristles,  especially  on  sides  and  apex.  Underside  covered  with 
dense,  light  gray  scales  and  densely  punctured,  antenn?e  and  legs  rufous,  the  lattei- 
also  covered  with  scales.     Length,  .16  to  .20  inch.  =  4  to  5  mm. 


-57— 

The  second  species  is  Ceutorhynchus  cyanipennis,  Tlliger. 
German,  Ins.  sp.,  I,  235,  363.     Gyllii.,  Ins,  IV,  594,   134,   135. 

Black,  thoiax  constricted  at  apex  with  elevated  margin,  distinct  ijroove  on  middle 
of  coarsely  and  densely  punctured  disc,  small  tubercle  on  each  side  near  base. 
ElytriO,  brij^ht  metallic  blue,  striate,  interstices  with  regular  row  of  punctures. 
Underside,  covered,  not  densely,  with  grayish  white  scales. 

Length,  .10  inch.  =  2.5  mm. 

Quite  distinct  from  any  of  our  species  by  its  color.  Eight  or  more 
specimens  taken  by  Mr.  F.  H.  Chittenden  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  also  taken 
near  Baltimore  by  Dr.  Otto  Lugger.      It  is  said  to  be  found  on  grass. 

It  might  be  mentioned  here  that  Cryptorhynchtis  lapaiht,  Fab., 
hibernates,  like  our  other  species  of  Cryptorhynchus,  as  I  found  several 
specimens  under  bark  and  chips  in  November  and  December  last  year. 


-♦-♦-*- 


The  Larva  of  Gnophaela  vermiculata,   G.  6f  R. 
By  T.  D.   a.   Cockerell. 


On  the  first  of  June,  last  year,  I  found  the  larva?  of  this  species 
feeding  on  Mertensia  by  Swift  Creek,  Custer  Co.,  Colo.,  at  about  8,200 
ft.  alt.  From  these  I  obtained  moths  early  in  Jtily.  I  drew  up  a  de- 
scription of  the  larvae  and  pupae,  which  is  rather  fuller  and  differs  in  a 
few  points  from  that  of  Mr.  Bruce  (Knt.  Am.,  IV,  24),  so  give  it  here, 
at  the  expense  of  a  little  repetition,  as  the  early  stages  in  this  genus  are 
particularly  important  as  establishing  its  relation  to  the  Arctiid  group. 
Mature  larva  : — Lengtli,  about  30  mm  ;  /iead,  bright  chestnut,  the 
mouth  parts  black  ;  iodv,  black,  with  sulphur  yellow  interrupted  bands 
and  steel-blue  tubercles  ;  beneath  pale  green.  The  dorsal  yellow  band 
is  the  broadest,  the  subdorsal  ones  are  reduced  to  the  rows  of  elongated 
spots,  while  the  lateral  bands  are  cut  up  so  as  to  produce  a  somewhat 
marbled  appearance.  (Perhaps  these  are  hardly  to  be  called  bands,  but 
their  homology  is  such,  and  so  I  speak  of  them. )  The  blue  tubercles 
are  12  on  each  segment,  in  three  pairs  on  each  side,  those  between  the 
dorsal  and  subdorsal  bands  being  the  largest  ;  each  tubercle  emits  some 
short  whitish  hairs.  Ahdominal  legs  blue-black  and  shiny  above  and 
externally,  otherwise  red-brown  ;  a  black  point  at  the  base  of  each. 
Cocoon  :  a  thin  while  meshwc)rk,  with  man}'  large  holes.  Pupa  :  20  mm. 
long,  head  and  thorax  shiny  lilt3ck,  sliading  off  to  a  dark  olive-brown 
over  the  wings.  Abdominal  segments  chestnutty  brown,  marbled  v^'ith 
yellowish  spots.  Fach  spiracle  placed  on  a  large  elongated  yellow  patch, 
the  narrow  diameter   of  which   is   aniero-posterior.      Terminal   segment 


-58- 

blackish,  tipped  with  black  bristles.  Both  in  habit  and  appearance,  the 
larva  of  G.  vermiculata  reminded  me  strongly  of  those  of  CalUmorpha 
dominu/a,  and  a  similar  remark  has  been  made  by  Lord  VValsingham 
in  regard  to  another  species  of  the  genus.  I  confess,  I  cannot  see  she  re- 
semblance to  the  Acronycto'  pointed  out  by  Mr.  j^ruce,  except  in  a  mcist 
distant  way.  There  is  a  ratlier  smaller  and  different  form  of  Gtiophala 
found  in  Chaffee  C\).  in  Aiigu>t  :  1  fancied  it  might  be  distinct,  but  one 
sent  to  the  Smiihsonian  Institute  is  named  G.  vermiculata. 


To  Free  Breeding  Cages  from  Disease  Germs. 
By  Geo.    D.    Hulst. 


In  the  vicinity  of  Brooklyn  during  the  last  few  years  there  has  pre- 
vailed a  disease  which  has  carried  oft'  not  onlv  the  caterpillars  many 
have  endeavored  to  raise,  but  verv  often  larva?  have  been  found  in  the 
open  air  dead  or  d\iiig.  Catei pillars  seem  to  differ  very  much  m  their 
sen-itiveness  to  the  disea-e,  but  in  conlint-d  Ijoxes,  where  it  has  pie- 
vaiieii,  ail  succumb  to  its  influence.  In  the  open  air  in  the  Autumn 
full  grown  caterpillars  o{  Saturnia  lo. ,  may  be'  some  years  seen  barg- 
ing dead  from  the  hranchts  on  which  thty  have  fed  Last  Summer  I 
saw  a  liekl  of  grain  almnst  devoured  by  tl.e  Army  Worm  Leucania  iini- 
piiiic/a,  when  suddenly  the  di-ease  appeared  am^ng  them  and  in  a  day 
or  two  none  seemed  lo  be  alive.  The  stadss  and  giound  were  however 
covered  with  dead  caterpillars. 

However  much  we  m,iv  desire  the  disease  in  the  open  air  to  destroy 
injurious  insects,  we  do  ml  want  it  in  our  lireeding  boxes,  to  destroy 
OLir  1  antics. 

How  shall  we  rid  ourselves  of  it.?  If  die  cages  be  made  in  part  or 
all  ol  WH)od  we  would  advise  their  utter  desiiuciion. 

If  large  number^  arc  to  he  raised  use  ihe  oi)en  air  and  netting.  If 
smaller  numbers  or  mriiies  use  glassware. 

I  am  told  by  !\Ir  Hermann  .Meeske,  wli  has  done  considcr.il/Ie  ex- 
perimenting that  he  has  (ouinl  no  gooil  re  ulls  to  come  from  washing 
with  soap,  benzine,  alcohol  or  carbolic  acid  water. 

'1  he  only  successful  way  of  destroying  th'  seeds  of  the  disease  was 
to  thoroughly  boil  die  ffe^iing  cages.  He  found  that  the  i^em.s  or 
micrcjbes  would  withstand  any  temperature  1  clow  the  actual  boiling 
point. 

We  give  his  experience  ti>  thcxse  who  m  v  liave  suffered  fro ir.  the 
flisease  as  the  writer  has  during  the  last  4  or  5  vcars. 


—59— 

A  New  Species  of  Pterostichus. 
By  Henry  Ul.ke. 


Pterostichus  Johnsoni,  n.  sp. 

l-;ii)ni;ate,  (kpress.cl,  paiMllfl,  sliininsr  lil.itk  with  a  feeble  purplish  histre  ;  pro- 
thorax  i|iia(iiati-,  1(111  ei  ilian  wide.  ieL'i)iy  narinwed  behind,  sides  niarLiiiied  in  th  ir 
entire  le  is^th  and  treiiiy  sinuaie,  fipiit  anLjIes  rounded  at  tip,  base  sinuate,  hind 
anuies  rectaii'^ulai-.  ba>al  niipressions  lonir,  deep  and  linear,  outer  ones  very  sniall. 
Elytra  >hi  linj^  in  the  (^,  ntaiy  opaque  in  the  C^),  feel)ly  rounded  on  liie  sides,  sinuate 
near  the  tip  and  separately  roUM<led  ;  humeri  loundeil,  strire  very  deeji,  impuncturcd, 
iniir-tiLts  rather  i.o-tif'irni,  1st,  2nd,  4tii,  6lh  and  8tli  equal  straiglit,  3id  and  5th 
hi  nadci  and  seven  or  eit^ht  times  interrupted  ;  the  space  between  the  8th  and  tlie 
in.irs^iii  is  still  a  IuiIl-  l)'t)a(ler  ai.d  the  interrupted  91)1  costa  forms  about  15  or  16 
tubertks.  I'rosterniim  narruuly  niari^ineil  i)etvveen  the  coxte  ;  po-terior  tar-i  slender 
with  the  first  and  set-Old  joints  s^rooved  in  their  entire  len^ith.  AlKlomeii  smooth, 
sliiniii^,  last  veiiiral  se-^ment  «  ith  a  semi,  ircular  impression  in  bolh  sexe-,  somewhat 
det|ur  m  the  -^'.      LeM>^th,  .65  to  .67  in_li  ^  17  mm. 

Oregon,  Several  specimens.  Belongs  tu  Dr.  Leconte's  first  division 
ne;ir  1  lanctus  and  is  (lislinuui.sliL'd  Ifuni  all  the  other  species  by  its  peculiar 
sculpuiie  of  the  el}lra,  which  recalls  si)iiie\vhat  that  of  F.  junciaiissivnis, 
Randall. 

1  lake  gre;it  [ileasure  in  dedicating  this  beautiful  species  to  my  friend 
Prof.  O.  B.  |< 'hiisoii  of  the  W.ishington  University  in  Seattle,  to  whom 
entitiiHilogical  .-cieiKe  is  nid<  bled  li^r  the  discovery  of  many  new  and 
rar^  s[)ecies  iu  0.e,^ou  and  Washington  Territory. 


Entomologists  of  the  Hatch  Experiment  Stations  of  the 
various  States  and  Territories, 


So  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  inform  ourselves,  the  following  is  a 
list  of  the  Entomologists  connecteil  with  the  Hatch  Experiment  Stations 
and  their  addresses. 

Arkansas,  — C.    W.    Woodworth,       -             -  Little  Rock,   Ark. 

Dakota,  —  L.    H.    Oicult,              -              -              -  Brookings,    Dak. 

Delaware.  — M     H.    Beckwiih,           .              _  _       Newark,    Del. 

Florida,  —  \V.    H.    Asbmead,       -              _              .  Jacksonville,    Fla. 

We  are  not  sure  but  Mr.  Ashmend  has  resigned  his  position.  His 
present  addre-s  is  622  E  St.,  Washington,  D,  C. 

Georgia,  —  j.    I\   Campbell,                ...  Aihcns,   Ga. 

Indiana,  —  ?.   W.   Webster,         -             -             -  Lafayette,   Ind. 

Iowa, — C.    P.   Gillette,           .             -              -  .       Ames,    Iowa. 

Maine,  —  F.    L.    Harvay,               .              _             _  .              _ 

Massachusetts, — C.    H.   Fernald,       -             -  Amherst,   Mass. 


~6o— 

Michigan. — A.    |.   Cook,  -  -  Agric.   College,   Mich. 

Missouri, — J.    \\'.    Clark,        -  -  -  Columbia,    Mo. 

Minnesota, — Hermann  Oelrichs,  .  -  .  - 

Nebraska, — Laurence  Bruner,  -  -  -     Lincoln,    Neb. 

New  Jersey, — John  B.    Smith,  -  New  Brunswick,    N.  J, 

Mr.  Smith  takes  his  position  as  N.  J.  State  Entomologist  April  ist. 
Till  then  his  address  will  be  National  Museum,  Washington,  D.  C. 
New  York, — J.    H.   Comstock,  -  -  -     Ithaca,   N.  Y. 

Ohio,— C.    m'   Weed,       -  -  -  -  Columbus,   O. 

South  Carolina, — G.    F.    Atkinson,    -  -  Columbia,    S.  C. 


Society  Meetings. 

Brooklyn  Entomological  Society,  Dec.  4,  1888.  — 17  m em ber«  present.  The 
Hnal  report  of  the  Committee  of  Conference  with  the  Brooklyn  Institute  was  made 
and  articles  of  agreement  in  which  all  tliat  was  asked  by  the  Society  was  granted 
were  read  and  adopted  and  the  whole  report  then  ratified.  By  this  the  Brooklyn 
Entomological  Society,  while  retaining  its  corporate  existence  and  property,  becomes 
the  Entomological  Section  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute. 

Mrs.  Annie  Trumbull  Slosson  was  unanimously  elected  a  member  of  the  Society. 

In  view  of  the  Lecture  to  be  given  before  the  Brooklyn  Institute  on  Feb.  14th  by 
Mr.  liulst  on  the  subject  "The  Habits  and  Instincts  of  rn>ects, "  it  was  thou.;ht  ad- 
visible  that  some  display  of  insects  should  be  made  by  the  Society.  The  Curators 
were  appointed  a  Committee  to  attend  to  the  matter  o^  solicitnig  loans  of  specimens 
from  members  and  making  arrangements  for  their  proper  display. 

On  motion  Cieo.  D.  Hulst  was  unanimously  elected  Editor  and  Chris.  H.  Roberts 
Assistant  Editor  of  Entomologica  Americana  for  the  year  1889. 

Alter  adjournment  a  sale  of  insects  for  the  benefit  of  the  Society  took  place  realis- 
ing the  sum  of  $26.05. 

Meeting  Jan.  8,  1889.  — 13  members  present.  The  Treasurer  reported  for  the 
year  receipts  $592.29,  dislnirsements  $582.44.     Balance  on  hantl  $9.75. 

The  Editors,  Librarian  and  Curators  also  reported  the  condition  of  affairs  in  their 
various  departments. 

Election  of  Officers  for  the  year  1S89  was  then  held  resulting  as  follows  :  Pres., 
Capt.  T.  L.  Casey,  U.S.A.;  Vice-Pres.,  Rich.  E.  Pear-all;  Treas.,  Chris.  H. 
Roberts;  Rec.  Sec,  A.  C.  Weeks;  Corr.  Sec,  F.  M.  Chittenden  ;  Lilir.  Hermann 
Meeske  ;  Curator  of  Coleoptera,  F.  H.  Chittenden  ;  Curator  of  other  Orders,  A.  C. 
Weeks;  Exec.  Committee:  Pres.  and  Treas.,  Ex-Officio  \  Chas.  Palm,  Cu-tav 
Beyer,  G.  W.  J.  Angell,  Ottomar  Dietz,  Henry  Edward>  ;  Pub.  Committee  :  Editors, 
Ex-Officio  \  A.  VV.  P.  Cramer,   E.  L.  Graef,   R.  E.  Pearsall,   F.  H.  Chittenden 

A  paper  was  read  written  by  Mr.  Pearsall  entitled  "  Notes  on  Rearing  Lepi- 
doptera. "  A  considerable  discussion  followed  principally  upon  the  importance  of  re- 
producing the  conditions  of  nature  to  insure  success  in  breeding.  The  general  senti- 
ment seemed  to  be  that  many  conditions  of  nature  were  injurious  and  destructive  and 
the  one  who  breeds  insects  rightly  can  far  surpass  Natuie  by  taking  advantage  of 
what  is  shown  to  favor  and  by  freeing  from  what  works  injuiy.     In  other  woids  not 

Nature,  but  Nature  at  her  best  only  should  be  followed. 

A.  C.  Weeks,  Rec.  Sec. 


VOL.  Y. 


BROOKLYN,  APRIL,  1889. 


NO.  4. 


The  EPIPASCHIINiE  of  North  America. 

By  Geo.    D.    Hulst. 


[Continued  from  p.  52.] 


CACOZELIA,  Crotc. 
(  k'akos,  evil,   and  zi;/os,  cnnilation). 

CJrole,  Pioc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist.,  XIX,  p.  264,  1877:  Geol. 
Surv.  Terr.  Bull.,  1\',  687,  1878,  N.  A.  Ent.,  I,  10,  pi.  2, 
f.  3  ;  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ento.  Soc.  London,  April,  1884,  65. 
Trans.  Ento.  Soc.  London,  Sept.   1887,  187. 

Palpi  strong',  exceeding  head,  scarcely  ridged  in  front  ;  end  member  short  on 
end  of  2nd.  Maxillary  paljii  strong,  end  lobes  equal,  somewhat  pencil  haired.  Ocelli 
distinct.  Antenuaj  somewhat  serrate,  doubly  tritufted -pubescent  basally  and 
medianly,  pubescent  at  end.  Process  strong,  heavy,  heavily  clothed  with  rather 
long  scales  above  and  below  and  thus  flattened,  the  upper  scaling  reaching  down  and 
about  the  base  of  the  antenna^  proper,  thus  making  it  to  l)e  set  in  a  cup  shaped 
fringing.  Vestiture  of  wmgs  less  squammose  than  usual.  Fore  wing  rather  sharp 
at  apex.  Genitalia  of  r^  having  besides  the  normal  armature,  a  strong  inner  curved 
hook  or  spur  on  each  side.  Legs,  as  usual  except  the  hind  tibicX-  are  stouter  than 
ordinary  and  the  spurs  small,  the  upper  pair  very  small. 

Venation  the  same  as  Epipaschia. 

Notwithstanding  Mr.  Meyrick  places  this  as  a  synonym  of  S/ericla, 
Led.,  I  retain  it  as  a  good  genus.  Mr.  Meyrick  having  onh-  the  in- 
complete diagnosis  of  INIr.  Grote,  which  gave  only  characteristics  which 
are  found  in  S/en'c/a,  could  not  do  other  otherwise  than  as  he  did.  The 
genus  is  not  a  strongly  marked  one  ;  but  the  antennal  process  is  so 
peculiar  in  shape  and  vestiture,  the  upper  spurs  on  the  hind  tibix>  so 
nearly  wanting,  and  the  male  genitalia  so  difterent  that  I  still  retain  it. 


—62  — 

C.  basiochrealis,  (irote,  {Cacozelia),  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  Hist., 
XIX,  264,  1877;  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.  Bull,  IV,  p.  687,  1878, 
N.  A.  Ento. ,  I,  10,  pi.  2,  f.  3.  1879. 

Palpi  reddish  rusty  ocher,  erect,  surpassing  head  ;  end  member  quite  short  hut 
distinct.  Maxillary  palpi  with  end  members  pineapple-shaped,  equal  in  size,  not  very 
long  haired.  Fore  wings  rusty-ochreous.  Interior  line  double,  arcuate,  rusty-brown  ; 
basal  space  ochery.  A  costal  dark  dot  surmounting  a  faint  concolorous-ringed  discal 
mark  ;  median  field  light  stone-gray  ;  median  shade  visible  as  a  patch  of  dark, 
slightly  raised  scales.  Posterior  line  rusty,  double,  inclosing  a  whitish  shade,  most 
ilistinct  on  costa,  of  the  usual  shape.  Subterminally  the  wing  is  brown,  washed  with 
gray  on  external  margni.  A  fine,  terminal,  dark  line  on  both  wmgs.  Hind  wings 
yellowish-gray,  with  a  fine,  denticulate,  exterior  line.  Beneath  ochreous  ;  costa  at 
base  brown.  Head  and  apjiendages  ochreous  ;  beneath,  the  fore  and  middle  tibi;^ 
are  purplish  ;  hind  legs  dotted  with  brown. 

Te.x.,  Colo.      I  have  speciiiiens  from  Texas  taken  in  July  and  others 
taken  in  September,  so  that  the  species  is  probably  double  brooded. 

STERICTA,  Led. 
{Steridzciii,  to  be  estalilished). 

Lederer,  Wiener  Monats.  VII,  340,  1863;  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ent. 
Soc.  London,  April  1884,  66;  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  Lond.,  Sept. 
1887,    187. 
Glossina,   Guen.,    Pyr.   124,   1854. 

Toripalpus,  Grt.,    Proc.  Bost.  Soc.    N.   Hist.,    XIX,    265,    1877; 
Geol.  Surv.  Terr.  Bull.  IV,  688,  1878;  N.  A.  Ent.,  I,  10,  pi. 
2,  f.  4  ;  Meyrick,  Trans.  Ento.  Soc.  Lond.,  Sept.   1887,   187. 
Winona,  Hulst,  Ento.  Am.,  IV,   113,   1887. 
Practically  the  same  as  Epipaschia  except  that  the  maxillary  palpi  in   the  males 
are  pencillate  tufted.     There  is  also  a  decided  shortening  of  the  antennal  process  in 
the  species.     There  is  moreover  no  tendency  to  furcation  in  vein  i  of  the  fore  wings, 
the  vein  being  nearly  straight  to  the  base  and  thus  not  showing  the  tendency  to  fur- 
cation which  is  evident  in  a  decided  bending  of  the  vein  at  base. 

SYNOrSIS  OF  SPECIES. 

1  Fore  wings  ocher  yellow  and  fuscous incrustalis 

Fore  wings  with  more  or  less  of  reddish  ;  cross  lines  distinct,    basal   strongly  two 

waved,  basal  space  shaded  with  reddish,    middle   field   whitish   fuscous  gray, 
outer  lines  distinct,  bent  outward  and  angulated  at  middle    2 

2  Basal  held  dark   fuscous  ;    within   tlie    basal  line  a  subparallel  black   dash  ;    hind 

wings  dark  fuscous breviornatalis 

Basal  field  whitish,  washed  with  reddish  ;  middle   field   nearly   white  ;  hind  wings 
light  fuscous trabalis 

S.   incrustalis,    Hulst,    {Tonpalpus),  Ento.  Am.  Ill,  130,  1887. 

Palpi  rather  slender,  considerably  exceeding  front,  end  member  pointed,  prom- 
inent. Maxillary  palpi  small.  Fore  wings  light  ocher,  washed  and  spotted  with 
ocher  fuscous,  with  a  black  point  of  raised   scales   at   middle   of  base   and  on   disc. 


-63- 

l'.a-;il  tu-l(l  (|uitc  dail;.  l!as;il  Hiil'  oI  i:rri)unil  culn-  iiiili>tiiict  but  sliown  l)y  the  darker 
sIkiiIdw  lines.  Middle  field  ([ute  clear  iiiwanlly,  o^diery  fuscous  Dutwardiy,  thiscoloi- 
divided  by  the  veins  which  aie  lii;ht  ocher.  Outer  line  parallel  with  outer  margin, 
waved  inwardly,  dentate  outwanlly.  Outer  fi'ilds  ochery  fuscous,  lighter  on  veins. 
A  marginal  row  of  black  points.  Hind  wings  even  fuscous,  lighter  towards  base, 
with  a  marginal  black  line.  Beneath  fuscous  with  a  reddish  shading  except  on  inner 
margins,  the  reddish  being  especially  marked  along  costa  of  lore  wings.  E.xpands, 
25  mm. 

Venation  the  same  as  E.  stipcratalis,  except  that  7  and  S  nf  the  hind  winL;s  are 
stemmed. 

C'olofatki.  1  conlinue  this  uiulcr  S/erictii.  thougli  it  can  not  be 
be  determined  wliether  it  belongs  there  of  tinder  Epipaschia  until  the 
male  is  known. 

S.  breviornatalis,  (ifote,  {7oripa/pus)  Proc.  Bust.  Soc.  N.  Hist. 
XIX,  265.  1877;  {Toripalpiis),  (jeol.  Surv.  Terr.  Bull. 
IV,  688,  1878;  {Toripalpus).  N.  A.  Ent.,  I,  10.  pi.  2,  f.  4. 
1879. 
This  sjiecies  is  characterized  by  the  antennal  appendages  being  extremely  short, 
haiiily  exceeding  the  collar.  The  labial  palpi  are  longer,  and  the  antennre  arc  much 
more  lengthily  ciliate  compared  with  Epipaschia.  The  ornamentation,  but  not  the 
color,  is  like  zelleri.  Fore  wings  reddish  brown  at  base  to  the  inner  line,  which  is 
daik  brown,  preceded  by  a  dark  shade  with  raised  scales,  slightly  outwardly  pro- 
duced on  costa  and  submedially.  Inner  portion  of  median  space  washed  with  white 
on  costal  region  and  anteriorly.  A  discal  dot.  The  outer  line  is  ilark  lirown,  denti- 
culate, produced  over  median  nervules,  whence  it  runs  obliquely  inwardly  to  internal 
margin.  It  is  followed  by  a  whitish  corresponding  shade-line.  Terminal  sjiace 
washed  with  brown,  becoming  whitish  before  the  margin.  Tlie  outer  line  is  situated 
much  nearer  the  outer  margin  than  in  zcllcri.  A  terminal  dotted  li'ie  distinct  on 
hind  wings.  These  latter  are  pale  fuscous,  with  an  outer  dentate  line  tollowecl  by  a 
white  shade  more  or  less  noticeable.  Terminal  palpal  joint  marked  with  black, 
tipped  with  pale.  Head  and  appendages  reddish-brown  ;  thorax  becoming  pale  be- 
hind. Beneath,  the  wings  are  reddish-brown,  becoming  paler  interiorly.  A  common 
exterior  line  near  the  margin,  and  corresponding  with  the  exterior  lines  on  upper 
surface  in  shape.  Fringes  pale,  obsoletely  interlined.  On  hind  wings  beneatii,  a 
discal  point.     Expands,  25  to  30  mm. 

Southern  Slates,  Texas,  Colorado. 

S.   trabalis,   Grote,  {IWipalpus),  Pap.  I,  18,  1881. 

As  compared  with  hrdvioj-uaialis  which  this  species  very  much  reseml)les  and  of 
x^hich  it  is  possibly  a  variety  this  species  is  much  lighter  in  color,  and  shows  a  greater 
inclination  to  reddish.  The  inner  ]iart  of  the  basal  field  and  the  greater  portion  of 
the  middle  field  are  powdery  whitish,  the  hind  wings  being  lighter  fuscous  than  its 
congener.     Expands,  25  to  30  mm. 

Te.\as,  Colorado. 

ONEIDA,   gen.  nov. 
[Oneida,  an  Indian  tribe  of  Central  New  York,  one  of  the  Six  Nations). 
Labial  palpi  erect,  much  exceeding  head,   2nd  member  long,   end  member  short. 
Maxillary  palpi  invisilile.     Antenna;    with    pubescence   longer   than    usual.     Process 


-64— 

long  scaled  beneatli  and  on  end,  short  scaled  above,  reaching  to  the  thorax.  Wings 
without  fold  or  vitritaction.  Tarsi  all  spinulated.  Epiphysis  prominent.  Hind  legs 
with  end  pair  of  spurs  only  in  <^,  both  end  and  middle  pair  in  9-  Genitalia  normal. 
Abdomen  tufted  laterally  on  ante-  and  penultimate  segments  in  q".  Venation  — Foie 
wings  12  veins.'  Vein  i  bent,  not  furcate;  4  and  5  short  stemmed  ;  6  stemmed  at 
base  wi.th  7,  8  and  9  ;  10  and  li  separate.  Hind  wings  8  veins  ;  3  separate  ;  4  and 
5  stemmed  ;  6  and  7  stemmed  ;  8  joined  with  7  beyond  point  where  6  separates.  Cell 
longer  than  usual,  nearly  or  cjuite  '/^  wing. 

I  use  this  name  as  a  generic  name,  following  the  example  of  Mr. 
Ragonot  in  some  of  his  diagnoses  of  the  PhycilidiE,  and  as  well  my  own 
previous  custom.  It  seems  to  me  as  appropriate  under  any  circum- 
stances to  give  insects  the  names  of  our  N.  A.  Indian  Tribes,  as  to  give 
them  the  names  of  the  ancient  tribes  and  cities  of  Greece  or  Rome,  and 
far  more  appropriate  in  case  of  N.  A.  Insects.  And  it  also  seems  to  me  to 
be  at  least  as  aj)propriate  to  give  these,  as  to  give  sesquipedalian  polysyl- 
labics,  manufactured  from  words  which  the  Greeks  ought  to  have  had  in 
their  language,  if,  as  in  many  instances,  they  did  not.  It  seems  a 
pleasant  fancy  to  see  the  spiiits  of  the  ancient  dwellers  of  the  American 
forests  and  plains  still  wandering  in  "night's  shades,"'  in  the  moths,  the 
phantoms  of  the  forest,  mountain,  and  glen. 

The  armature  of  the  hind  tibix  of  this  genus  is  remarkable,  and  at 
the  writing  of  what  was  published  last  month  had  not  yet  been  noticed. 
^ly  number  of  specimens  is  small,  and  I  can  not  further  verify  my  ob- 
servations, and  I  would  hardly  assert  the  facts  were  it  not  that  in  Caco- 
5^//rt  the  u])per  pair  of  spurs  is  almost  obsolete,  and  in  the  next  genus 
Yiana  the  upper  pair  of  spurs  is  certainly  wanting. 

O.   lunulalis,    Hulst,   {Toripalpus),   Ento.  Am.,  Ill,  130,  1887. 

Expands,  22  to  25  mm.  Head  and  color  yellowish  brown,  strongly  washed  with 
violet.  Palpi  brownish  gray  or  yellowish  gray  in  front,  strong,  recurved  over  head, 
scale  tufted  at  end  of  second  member,  end  member  tine,  distinct.  Maxillary  palpi  very 
small,  the  end  member  set  on  the  side  but  near  the  summit  of  the  member  next  below, 
all  invisible  under  ordinary  observation.  Ocelli  very  distinct.  Antennal  process 
short.  Front  of  head  rather  heavily  scaled,  collar  also  run  in  somewliat  of  a  ridge. 
Thorax  dark  fuscous.  Abdomen  light  fuscous,  the  segments  ringed  with  dark  fuscous, 
extremity  tufted  in  rT  with  lateral  tufts  on  2  segments  preceding  anal  segment.  Fore 
wings  much  rounded  at  apex,  generally  light  even  blue  gray  in  color  with  a  strong 
shading  of  fuscous  on  basal  and  outer  fields.  A  dark  broken  cross  line  close  to  base 
not  always  distinct  ;  near  the  outer  edge  of  the  field  a  dark  line  consisting  of  length- 
ened and  raised  scales,  and  extending  quite  across  the  wing.  The  line  limiting  the 
field  is  very  indistinct  and  is  evidenced  rather  by  its  hardly  distinct  shade  lines.  Middle 
field  with  three  raised  scale  tufts,  one  discal  small,  the  second  extra-discal,  more  pro- 
minent and  lengthened,  the  latter  shaded  outwardly,  with  fuscous,  and  a  third  near 
center  of  the  field  one-third  from  inner  margin,  black.  Outer  line  quite  distinct  near 
costa,  becoming  obsolete  posteriorly,  shaded  as  usual,  this  shading  being  broad  and 
diffuse  near  costa  and  outwardly  occupying  the  whole  apical  space.  The  outer  hne 
forms  a  large  sinus  from  the  costa,  and  this  with  the  shading   and   posterior  obsoles- 


-65- 

cence  gives  a  distinctly  lunular  appearance  to  the  apical  markings.  Outer  field 
Ulteriorly  fuscous  divided  by  the  yellow  fuscous  color  of  the  veins— fading  into  the 
ground  color  posteriorly.  Hind  wings  fuscous,  smooth,  dark  at  margin.  Beneath 
fuscous  on  fore  wings  with  a  costal  band  lighter,  the  whole  with  a  reddish  tinge  quite 
marked  at  apex.     Hind  wings  reddish  at  angle,  otherwise  fuscous. 

Can.,   N.  Y.    • 

YUMA,  gen.  nov. 
(  Ym/ia,  a  tribe  of  Indians  of  S.  California). 
Less  roljust  than  the  other  genera.  Head  comparatively  small.  Palpi  long, 
curved  back  over  head,  heavily  ridge  scaled  in  front,  thus  becoming  flattened,  second 
member  long,  third  short.  INIaxillary  palpi  long,  pencil  tufted  in  (^,  the  lobes  slend- 
erer than  usual,  the  antepenultimate  member  long  filiform.  Antenm^  strongly  bi- 
tufted  pubescent,  tlie  tuftings  on  the  basal  and  middle  segments  raised  on  slight  pro- 
tuberances •/,  the  diameter  of  the  segment,  showing  a  beginning  of  pectination  : 
process  short,  slender,  long  scaled,  without  hairs.  Wings  without  costal  fold  or  vitri- 
laction.  Abdomen  slender,  tufted  laterally  on  anti-  and  penultimate  segments. 
Genitalia  normal,  except  that  there  are  strong  short  lateral  spines.  Legs  long,  slender, 
hind  tarsi  only  slightly  spined  at  tips.  Fore  tibice  with  epiphysis  rather  heavy,  first 
tarsus  longer  than  tibia.  Middle  tibise  not  so  long  as  femora,  spurs  long,  the  outer 
very  long,  equalling  "-/^  tibia.  Hind  tibite  with  end  pair  only  of  spurs,  the  tibiie  being 
twice  the  length  of  femora.  Venation — Fore  wings  12  veuis  ;  i  not  bent  nor  furcate, 
3,  4  and  5  separate,  6  and  7  from  a  point,  9  and  10  stemmed  with  8,  10  and  II 
separate.  Hind  wings  8  veins  ;  3  separate,  4  and  5  joined  at  base,  6  separate,  7  and 
8  :temmed  beyond  cell.     Cell  long,  •/„  length  of  wing. 

Y.   adulatalis,    Hulst,   {Ton'palpus),   Ento.  Am.,  Ill,  129,  1887. 

E.Npands,  20  to  26  mm.  Head  black  with  light  gray  scales  intermingled.  Tongue 
light  gray.  Palpi  black  and  gray  intermixed,  both  washed  with  reddish.  Process 
whitish  at  base,  becoming  blackish  at  end,  long  scaled.  Ocelli  very  distinct.  Thorax 
r-^.ddish  brown  in  front,  gray  behind.  Abdomen  gray,  blackish  at  base,  with  lateral 
scJe  tufts  on  the  2  segments  preceding  anal  segment.  Wings  on  the  basal  field  dark 
brown  mixed  with  gray  scales  with  a  longitudinal  light  gray  dash  in  center,  running 
two-thirds  the  length  of  the  field  and  ending  in  a  black  point  of  raised  scales  preceded 
by  another.  The  field  is  limited  quite  distantly  from  base  by  a  light  gray  strongly 
thrice  waved  line  which  has  beyond  it  a  shadow  line  of  dark  brown.  Beyond  this  the 
middle  field  is  gray,  very  light  costally  and  centrally,  darker  posteriorly.  Anteriorly 
slightly  washed,  and  shaded  with  a  black  discal  point  of  raised  scales,  posteriorly 
strongly  shaded  with  brown  which  at  the  outer  edge  of  the  field  is  shghtly  reddish. 
The  light  gray  centrally  extends  to  the  outer  margin  of  the  wing.  Outer  line  clear 
at  costa,  shaded  inwardly  and  outwardly  with  black,  the  outward  shading  making  a 
large  apical  blotch.  The  line  ends  at  the  extension  of  the  gray  central  field  '/^  from 
costa  in  a  black  longitudinal  dash.  It  shows  somewhat  indistinctly  on  the  posterior 
'/j  in  the  continuation  of  the  reddish  brown  of  the  middle  field,  and  is  there  waved 
inwardly,  dentate  outwardly,  and  shaded  on  both  sides  with  blackish.  Outer  field 
narrow,  gray,  except  towards  posteiior  angle  where  it  is  brown,  slightly  reddish. 
A  black  marginal  line  cut  by  the  veins.  Fringes  interlined.  Hind  wings  yellowish- 
white,  somewhat  fuscous,  subpellucid.  An  outer  line  dentate  outwardly  on  veins. 
A  black  marginal  line  cut  at  veins.  Fringes  interlined.  Beneath  dark  fuscous  washed 
over  dirty  white,  an  outer  indistinct  dentate  white  line  on  fore  wings.  Hind  wings 
nearly  as  above  but  duller. 

S.  Cal. ,  Tex.     The  Texas  specimen  was  taken  in  October  at  light. 


—66— 

LANTHAPHE,   Clem. 
(r)L'ri\'atioii   unkiKiwn   to  me). 

Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  June,  i860,  207. 
Palpi  of  rj  ^on^r,  slendei-,  smootii,  somewhat  recurved,  end  member  small.  Palpi 
of  O  long,  slender,  end  member  long,  conical,  '/„  second  member.  Maxillary  palpi 
bilobed,  ])encil  tufted,  the  lobes  large,  heavy,  the  pencilling  long,  reaching  above 
head.  Antennre  very  slightly  pubescent,  process  short,  long  scaled.  Fore  wings 
.strongly  arched  along  costa.  Along  costa  beneath  in  (j^  a  fold  of  transverse  scales  with 
vitreous  spot  partially  covered  beneath,  this  spot  also  showing  on  the  upper  surface. 
Legs,  tarsi  all  spinulated,  of  fore  legs  at  tip  only.  Fore  tibia  longer  ihan  tarsus, 
epiphysis  short,  small.  Hind  tibii^  with  2  pairs  of  spurs,  the  upper  pair  iu>t  below 
middle.  Venation — Fore  wings  q'^  ii  veins  :  i  lient,  notched  or  furcate,  2  and  3 
much  bent,  3  and  4  separate  from  end  of  broad  and  swollen  post  median,  6  long 
waved  in  discal  space,  7.  8  and  g  stemmed,  10  and  12  separate,  but  closely  pushed 
together,  9  wanting.  Fore  wings  O  12  veins:  4  and  5  short  stemmed,  6  on  a  shoit 
stem  with  7,  8  and  9  ;  10,  11  and  separate,  i  bent  and  notched.  Hind  wings,  (^^  9' 
3  separate,  4  and  5  stemmed,  7  and  8  stemmed,  6  separate.  Abdomen  with  short 
tults  laterally  on  penultunate  and  antipenultimate  segments. 

L.   platanella,  Clem. 

Clemens,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.  June,  i860,  207.  Grote. 
{Tetralopha),  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.  Bull".  IV,  691,  1878.  Hulst. 
[Lanf/iaphe),  Ento.  Am.,  IV,  114,  1887. 
Labial  palpi  pale  brownish-red,  touched  in  front  -with  pale  gray.  Head  and 
thora.x  brownish-red,  the  latter  varied  with  grayish  and  dark  fuscous.  Fore  wings 
grayish-fuscous,  with  the  costa  touched  with  brownish-red,  and  a  patch  of  the  same 
hue  in  the  female,  near  the  base  of  tlie  inner  margin  containing  a  tufi  of  raised  scales; 
in  the  male,  blackish-brown,  touched  with  brownish -red.  The  base  of  the  wing  is 
whitish.  In  the  middle  of  the  wing  is  a  broad  white  band,  obsolete  toward  the  costa, 
with  two  straight  blackish-brown  lines  internally  with  the  same  hue.  The  subterminal 
line  is  in-egular  and  whitish,  dark-margined  internally.  The  hinder  margui  of  the 
wing  is  touched  with  blackish  brown.  Hind  wings  pale  brown,  somew  har  darkei' 
toward  the  hinder  margin.  The  larva  is  tortriciloi  ni  in  appearance.  Head  pale 
brown,  mottled  with  whitish.  Body  with  isolated  hairs,  pale  green,  with  a  dark 
brown  dorsal  line  and  a  fainter  stigmatal  line  of  the  same  hue,  or  pale  reddish,  with 
a  brown  dorsal  line  on  each  side  of  the  vascular.  It  makes  a  web  on  the  under  sur- 
face of  the  leaf  of  Sycamore  {Platamis  occidentaUs),  drawing  it  together  and  living 
within  a  silken  tube.  The  cocoon  is  woven  on  the  surface  of  the  ground,  in  form  of 
a  flattened  oval,  consisting  of  brown  silk  covered  exteriorly  with  grains  of  earth.  The 
larv;e  remain  ni  it  unchanged  during  the  winter.  It  may  be  taken  in  July,  and  enters 
the  pupa  state  during  the  latter  part  of  August,  to  appear  as  an  imago  in  May  or 
June.     Expands,  20  to  25  mm. 

Eastern  U.  S.      This  is  Clemens'  description.      Neither  he  nor  INIr. 
Grote  was  aware  of  the  variation  of  the  se.xes  in  venation. 

SALUDA,   Hulst. 
(Sa/iida,  a  tribe  of  Lxlians  of  the  Southern  States). 

Hulst,  Ento.  Am.,  IV,  113,  1888. 

Palpi  of  rj'  heavily  scaled,  recurved  over  head,  reaching  back  of  collar,  second 
member  very  long,  end  member  very  short  in   front   of  end   of  second  member  ;    f 


-67- 

urcct,  end  member  comparatively  long.  Maxillary  palpi  pencil-tufted,  tlie  bilobed 
members  heavy,  long,  the  penciling  very  long  and  heavy.  Antennal  process  short, 
long  scaled.  Wings  with  heavy  costal  fold  and  vitreous  spot  beneath  in  (^.  Legs 
rather  heavy,  loosely  scaled,  tarsi  spinulated,  on  fore  legs  only  at  tip.  Genitalia  with 
(urcate  base  of  uncus  curved  upward.  Venation  as  in  Zrt«///«//^^,  but  6  is  separate 
in  fore  and  hind  wings,  and  lo  and  ii  are  stemmed  in  the  fore  wings. 

I  am  not  altogether  certain  this  venation  is  constant,  so  far  as  vein 
6  is  concerned.  The  specimens  I  have  examined  vary  so  much  that 
others  may  be  found  to  correspond  with  Lanthaphe.  In  that  case  the 
genus  would  rest  on  the  stemming  of  lo  and  ii  in  the  fore  wings. 

SYNOrSIS  OF  SPECIES. 

Basal  field  gray,  lines  generally  indistinct,  outer  one  bent  dentate asperatella 

Basal  field    blackish   or  black,    lines    distinct,    basal    straight  or   a   little  rounded, 
double,  the  outer  curved,  even melanogrammos 

S.  asperatella,   Clemens. 

Clemens,  {Lan/haphe),  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.    Phil.    June,    i860, 

207.     Grote,  {Tetralopha),    Geol.   Surv.    Terr.    Bull.  IV,    691, 

1878.      Hulst,  {Saluda),   Ento.  Am.,  IV,  113,   1888. 

Labial  palpi  blackish-brown,  varied  with  whitish.     Thorax  pale  grayish,    varied 

with  grayish  or  dark  gray.     Fore  wings  dark  brownish-gray,    with  a  blackish-brown 

lufl  of  scales  in  the  basal  part  of  the  fold,  and  a  smaller  one  of  the   same  hue  on  the 

disk  above  it,  a  whitish  median  band,  sometimes  almost  obsolete,    containing  on  the 

disk  a  small  blackish- brown  tuft  in  the  iemale,    with   an    internal    crenated  blackish 

line,  and  shaded  toward  the  base  with  blackish  ;  on  its  external  margin  is  a  line  of 

raised  scales.     The  subterminal  line  is  pale  grayish,    angulated   and    margined  intei- 

nally  by  a  blackish  line,  and  externally  by  a  fauiter  one  produced  into  points  on  the 

nervules.     The  hinder  marginal  line  is  black.     Sometimes  in  the  female  base  of  the 

wing  is  whitish,  slightly  touched  with  luteous.     Expands,  22  to  27  mm. 

Can. ,  Eastern  U.  S.  to  Texas.  Feeds,  I  have  been  told,  on  Locust. 
Taken  in  Texas,  in  August. 

S.  melanogrammos,   Zell.    {Teiralopha),  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  Ver., 

p.  546,    pi.  3,    f.  24,   a,  b,    1872.      Grote,  [Telralopha),   Geol. 

Surv.  Terr.,  IV,  689,  1877. 

Diluculella,  Grote,  {Teiralopha),    N.  A.   Ent.,   I,    60,   1880,   1.  c. 

68,   pi.  5,  f   10,  1880.      [Teiralopha),  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.  Bull., 

VI,  589,  1880.    {Teiralopha),  Dept.  Agric.  Kept.   1880,  p.  263. 

Talleolalis,   {Toripalpus),    Hulst,  Trans.    Am.    Ent.    Soc,    XIII, 

160,  1886;  Ento.  Am.,  Ill,  22.  1887. 

Head,  palpi  and  thorax  dark  fuscous  gray,  the  thorax  with  a  very  slight  tinge  of 

russet.     Abdomen    yellowish    fuscous,    interlined    on    segments   with    dark   fuscous. 

Wings  dark  fuscous,  light  at  base  and  on  middle  field.     The  basal  cross  line  double, 

black,  oblique,  rounded  slightly,  sometimes  almost  straight.   Base  within  the  lines  with 

a  reddish  shade  and  a  black  indeterminate  line  near  middle  of  basal  field.   Middle  field 

generally  much  lighter  gray,  especially  basally.     Outer  line  even,   bent  beyond  cell. 


edged  outwardly  with  liijht  gray.      Marginal  line  black,   broken.      Hind   wings  dark 
fuscous. 

P'la.,  Texas.      Probabl}'  eveiywhere  in  East  and  South. 

The  determination  of  this  insect  as  above  is  I  think  the  correct  one. 
Zeller's  type  was  smaller  than  the  type  of  dihiciiklla,  Grt. ,  but  the  figure 
Zeller  gives,  and  the  t}'pe  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  allow  no  other  de- 
termination as  it  seems  to  me.  There  is  a  great  deal  of  variation  in  the 
depth  of  coloring  in  the  species,  and  diluculella  might  stand  as  a  varietal 
name  for  the  form  with  the  black  basal  field.  The  insect  is  2-brooded 
in  Texas  and  the  varieties  incline  to  be  seasonal,  diluculella  being  the 
larger  and  darker  Summer  brood.  Talleolalis  is  a  synonym  of  the  type 
form. 

Prof  Comstock,  in  Dept.  Agric.  Report,  i8So,  gives  a  history  of 
the  insect  as  follows  : 

'■'■Larva. —  Length  when  full  grown  20  mm.,  cylindrical,  slightly  tapering 
posteriorly  and  quite  stout,  of  a  dull  greenish  yellow  color,  somewhat  paler  beneath, 
with  a  narrow  black  stripe  on  each  side  about  twice  the  width  of  the  last,  and  equally 
distant  from  it  and  the  middle  of  the  dorsum.  This  stripe  extends  from  the  thoracic 
to  the  anal  plate.  The  head,  thora(;ic  and  anal  plates  are  of  the  same  ground  color 
as  the  body.  Eyes  and  end  of  mandibles  black  ;  several  irregular  black  bands  on 
each  side  of  the  head,  extending  from  the  posterior  side  forward  to  about  the  middle: 
thoracic  and  anal  plates  with  a  few  scattered  brown  dots,-  the  latter  with  an  irregular 
row  of  black  points  across  the  anterior  side. 

/Vz/i?.  — Length  11  mm.,  robust,  light  brown,  rounded  at  both  ends,  the  posterior 
armed  with  a  cluster  of  fine  hooks  ;  the  abdominal  segments  are  covered  with  coarse 
punctures  except  on  the  posterior  edge.  Wing  covers  extend  to  the  end  of  the  4th 
abdominal  segments." 

"Some  of  the  terminal  twigs  of  pine  {Pinus  laeda)  infested  by  the 
larvae  of  this  insect  where  collected  by  myself  in  January,  1880,  near 
Jacksonville,  Fla.  The  appearance  of  these  infested  twigs  is  somewhat 
striking;  the  leaves  around  the  end  are  loosely  held  by  threads  of  silk, 
which  also  holds  the  excrements  of  the  larva  in  a  more  or  less  irregular 
mass,  varying  from  i  to  3  inches  in  length  and  from  i  to  2  in  thickness. 

The  larva  is  about  eight-tenths  of  an  inch  in  length,  rather  stout,  of 
a  greenish  yellow  or  drab  color,  with  two  very  distinct,  quite  broad 
black  dorsal  stripes,  and  a  narrow  one  on  each  side. 

When  mature  the  larva  descends  to  the  ground,  where  it  spins  a 
loose  cocoon  of  yellowish  brown  silk,  to  which  is  attached  a  covering  of 
grains  of  sand  or  other  loose  materials,  and  within  which  it  transforms 
to  a  pupa,  in  which  state  it  passes  the  winter. 

The  moths  from  the  larvae  mentioned  above  emerged  during  the 
following  April." 

Taken  in  Texas  in  April  and  Aug.  and  consequentl}-  two-brooded. 


-69- 

TIOGA,  Ilul^t. 
[Tioga,  a  tribe  of  Indians  of  New  York  and  Pennsylvania). 

Ento.  Am.,  IV,  113,  1888. 

Palpi  long,  thin,  scaled,  extending  much  above  liead.  2nd  member  very  lonij, 
end  member  short  in  (^''  ;  end  member  in  O  slender,  pointed,  (]uite  long.  INIaxillary 
palpi  pencil  tufted.  Process  short.  Wings  in  ,-5''  as  usual,  with  ^cale  jiad  and  vitreous 
spot  beneath,  the  vitrifaction  small.  Legs— tarsi  s|-)inulated  at  tip  only.  Tiljial  epi- 
]ihysis  short,  small.  Spurs  of  middle  and  hind  legs  long,  the  hind  lilna.'  havnig  two 
pairs.  Venation— Fore  wing  II  veins  ;  c^  with,  it  seems  to  me,  11  wanting  ;  Other- 
wise much  after  the  pattern  of  Lanthaphv,  but  2  and  3  are  slightly  bent  and  the 
lower  median  is  not  much  swollen.  f^>,  l  lurcate  near  base,  3  near  angle,  4  and  5 
from  a  point,  6,  7,  8  and  9  stemmed,  11  wanting,  10  and  12  separate.  Hind  wings, 
3  close  to  angle,  4  and  5  stemmed, '6  widely  separate,  7  and  8  stemmed  beyond  cell. 
Cell  short. 

T.   aplastella,    Hulst. 

Hulst,  {Tioga),  Ento.  Am.,  IV,  113,  18S8. 
Expands,  18  to  20  mm.  Head  light  gray  :  antenmv  dark  fuscous  ;  thorax 
blackish  gray  ;  abdomen  yellowish  brown  ;  base  of  each  segment  blackish  ;  fore 
wings  light  gray  ;  basal  field  blackish,  limited  by  a  lighr  gray  cross  line  edged  with 
black  on  either  side  ;  basal  half  of  middle  field  of  ground  color,  outer  half  fuscous  ; 
outer  line  lig'ht  gray,  edged  within  with  black  ;  outer  field  fuscous  ;  veins  lighter,  a 
row  of  submarginal  black  spots  ;  hind  wings  yellowish  brown,  blackish  along  edge. 

Texas,  April.  This  has  very  decidedly  the  appearance  of  Hemi- 
matia  scortialis.  Led.,  but  the  maxillary  palpi  are  present  and  distinct, 
while  in  Hemimatia Xhty  are  wanting".  On  this  account  also  Hcmiwalia 
can  not  be  L.  dilucidella,  Grote,  which  also  it  resembles. 

TETRALOPHA,   Zell. 
( Tctra,  low-,  and  lophc,  crest). 

Isis,  p.  880,    1848.      Grote,   Geol.    Terr.    Bull.,    IV,    688,    1878, 

N.  A.  Ent.  I,  10,  pi.  II,  f.  5,  1879. 
Wanda,  Hulst,  Ento.  Am.,  Y\\   114,   1888. 
Kaiona,  Hulst,  Ento.  Am.,  IV,   113,   1888. 
Loma,  Hulst,  Ento.  Am.,  IV,   113,   1888. 
In  all  respects  very  much  the  same  as  Tioga,  except  that  in  fore  wings  i  is  never 
furcate,  and  in  §,6  is  separate  from  7. 

In  view  of  the  radical  difference  in  venation  between  (^  and  9  ''^"d 
the  variability  of  4  and  5  in  both  wings,  I  established  a  number  of 
genera,  which  further  stud}-  has  led  me  think  must  all  be  referred  to 
Tetralopha. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  SPECIES. 

1  Basal  line  double  distinct 2 

Basal  line  indistinct,  single 3 

2  Basal  field  of  fore  wings  reddish  ;  hind  wings  dark  fuscous nephelotella 

Basal  field  of  fore  wings  gray  ;  hind  wings  light  fuscous robustella 

3  Outer  field  of  fore  wings  reddish baptisiella 

Outer  field  of  fore  wings  gray 4 


—  7u— 

4  Posterior  margin  of  fore  ^\■ings  witliin  basal  line  with  reddish  oval  spot. .  .militella 
Witiiout  reddish  spot 5 

5  Middle  field  of  fore  wings  with    heavy   dentate    black    line    from    cell    to    posterior 

margin.      Hind  wings  dark  fuscous tiltella 

Middle  field  of  fore  wings  with  a  central  black  tufting  ;  hind  wings  light  pellucid 
fuscous euphemella 

T.  nephelotella,    Hulst,   {Loma),  Ento.  Am.,  IV,  114,  1888. 

Expands,  25  mm.  Head  light  gray,  slightly  reddish  brown  on  summit  ;  thora.x 
and  abdomen  light  yellowish  brown,  the  segments  of  abdomen  fuscous  at  base  ;  fore 
wings  reddish  brown  at  base,  with  a  central  dark  dash,  and  dark  along  inner  margin; 
basal  line  whitish,  edged  botli  sides  with  blackish,  slightly  outwardly  oblique  towards 
inner  margin,  slightly  rounded  with  angle  inwardly  at  middle  ;  middle  and  outer 
fields  dark  fuscous  ;  outer  line  lighter,  edged  within  with  blackish  ;  hind  wings  dark 
fuscous. 

Peim. — I  have  this  in  the  9  only.  It  is  in  appearance  very  much 
Hke  6".  asperatclla,  Clem.,  but  it  has  11  veins  in  the  9-  If  the  (^,  as 
is  possible,  lacks  the  costal  fold  and  aberrant  venation  in  the  (^,  Lonia 
will  stand  as  a  good  genus. 

T.  baptisiella,  Fernald,  {Tefralopha),  Ento.  Am.,  Ill,  128,  1887. 
Hulst,  {Wafida),   Ento.  Am.,  IV,  114,   1888. 

Wings,  Q  light  fuscous  with  a  slight  ocher  tint,  heavily  marked  with  darker 
fuscous  on  the  costal  region,  running  from  a  point  on  costa  at  base,  along  and  parallel 
with  the  inner  margin  to  outer  cross  line  forming  a  triangular  space,  the  lighter 
ground  color  showing  distinctly  between  the  veins.  Inner  cross  line  obsolete,  or 
showing  in  a  faint  curved  gray  shading.  A  black  point  of  raised  scales  at  middle  of 
basal  field.  Outer  cross  line  y^  out  ;  sub -parallel  with  outer  margin  except  a  bend 
outward  towards  posterior  angle,  straight  at  costa,  otherwise  evenly  dentate  wavy. 
On  the  middle  field  just  out  from  the  first  cross  line  is  a  cross  line  of  lengthened  scales 
whiter  than  the  ground  color.  Outer  field  fuscous,  lighter  posteriorly  and  at  veins. 
A  maiginal  row  of  lengthened  black  points.  Fringe  grayish  fuscous  interlined.  Hind 
wings  fuscous  with  faint  indications  ot  outer  lighter  band.  ^  with  lines  as  in  the  (^ 
but  liasal  field  much  lighter,  the  central  cross  band  of  long  scales  almost  white,  and 
the  rest  of  the  wing  washed  with  russet  ocher,  the  veins  on  the  outer  middle  field 
blackish.  A  narrow  gray  shading  next  the  marginal  black  points.  Hind  wings  as 
in  Q.  Beneath,  q,  ^,  fuscous  on  costal  half  of  fore  wings,  light  ocher  fuscous, 
otherwise  with  faint  outer  band  on  all  wings. 

Food  plant,  Baptisia.      May.      Hab. — N.  Y. ,    jMo. 

T.  tiltella,  Hulst,  {Wanda),  Ento.  Am.,  IV,  114,  1888. 
Expands,  20  mm.  Head,  thorax  and  ibre  wings  gray,  peppered  over  with  black 
scales,  giving  a  general  blackish  gray  color  ;  basal  space  somewhat  darker  than  the 
rest  of  the  fore  wings  ;  at  the  middle  of  basal  field  a  jet  black  cross-line  not  reaching 
costa  or  inner  margin  ;  inner  line  light  gray,  three  times  dentate  inwardly  ;  at  the 
middle  of  the  middle  field  is  another  yet  black  cross  line  extending  from  inner  margin 
nearly  to  discal  spot  ;  outer  line  straight  from  costa  angulated  outwardly,  then 
rounded,  wavy  dentate,  returning  near  inner  margin,  then  with  a  single  bent  reach- 
ing ihe  margin.  Hind  wings  dark  fuscous. 
Hab.— Tex.      June,  July,  August. 


T.  robustella,    Zeller,     {Tetralopha),    Isis,    88 1,     1848.       Grole. 

{Telralophd),  Geol.  Surv.  Terr.  Bull.,  IV,  690,  1878. 
Head  and  thorax  fuscous  gray,  abdomen  yellowish.  Fore  win^s  cloudy  fuscous 
gray  with  a  slightly  russet  shading  at  times.  Middle  field  lighter,  just  beyond  basal 
line  often  light  gray.  A  cross  band  of  larger  scales  on  basal  field  rising  into  a  bjack 
tufting  near  middle.  Another  near  middle  of  middle  field,  often  forming  a  dentate 
black  line,  sometimes  only  scattered  .black  dots,  this  scale  ridge  also  with  2  or  3  tuft- 
mgs.  Outer  line  quite  even,  strongly  bent.  Hind  wings  light  pellucid  fuscous,  outer 
line  evident  darker  fuscous.     Expands  18  to  25  mm. 

Central  Texas,  August.  I  have  not  been  able  to  examine  the 
venation  of  this  insect  but  have  little  doubt  it  belongs  to  Lanthaphe 
rather  than  Tetralopha.  As  determining  Teiralopha  1  take  the  first 
species  described  under  it,  \iz  :  militella,  Zell.,  as  the  type  01' the  genus. 

T.    militella,   Zell.      Isis,   880,    1848.      Grote,    Geol.    Surv.   Terr. 
Bull.,  IV,  689,  1878. 

Head  and  thorax  fuscous  gray.  Fore  wings  with  very  convex  fore  margin, 
obtuse  apex  and  rounded  posterior  angle.  Color  fuscous  gray,  washed  slightly  with 
russet,  lines  rather  indistinct,  the  outer  bent  and  dentate  beyond  cell,  with  li^ht  gray 
edging  outwardly.  At  outer  part  of  basal  field  along  inner  margin  an  oval  reddish 
spot  surmounted  with  a  black  scale  tuft  ;  generally  also  a  russet  shading  at  posterior 
angle.  Hind  wings  dull  fuscous.  Abdomen  yellowish  fuscous,  basal  segment 
blackish,  the  others  annulated  with  darker  and  lighter  coloring. 

Central  Texas,   August. 

T.   euphemella,    Hulst,   Ento.  Am.,   IV,    114,    1888. 

Expands,  17  mm.  Front  dark  gray  ;  antennre  blackish  ;  thoiax  dark  blackish 
gray  ;  abdomen  yellowish  fuscous  ;  fore  wings  light  gray,  more  or  less  overlaid  with 
black  ;  base  gray  ;  basal  line  black,  diffuse,  dentate,  edged  outwardly  with  a  band 
of  blackish  gray  ;  outer  line  white,  straight  at  costa  and  inner  margin,  l)ent  out- 
wardly and  sinuate  between  ;  discal  points  distinct  black  ;  outer  space  gray  with 
apical  dash  of  blackish  ;  tufts  blackish  gray,  or  blackish  ;  hind  wings  light  fuscous, 
fuscous  on  veins;  beneath  light  fuscous  gray,  the  markings  above  faintly  produced. 

Central  Texas,  ]\Iarch.      Possibly  not  really  distinct  from  T.  iiltella. 

ATTACAPA,  gen.  nov. 
{Attacapa,  a  tribe  of  Indians  of  Louisiana  and  Texas). 
Very  much  as  in  7ioga,  but  the  antennal  process  is  entirely  wanting,  the  basal 
member  being  merely  swollen  posteriorly.  Venation — 11  veins  :  ri'  as  usual,  but  the 
inner  median  is  very  little  swollen,  and  the  vitreous  spot  almost  or  quite  lost,  i  not 
furcate  at  base.  O,  i  not  furcate,  3  separate,  4  and  5  long  stemmed,  6,  7,  8  and  9 
stemmed.  Hind  wings,  3  at  angle  separate,  4  and  5  long  stemmed,  6  at  a  point  with 
7,  7  'ii^d  8  stemmed  beyond,  cell  small. 

A.    callipeplella,     Hulst,     {Teiralopha).     Ento.    Am.,    \\\     114. 

1888. 

Expands,  16  mm.     Palpi,  head,   antenn;x;  and  thorax  uneven  fuscous  gray  ;  fore 

wings   gray,  rather  strongly  overlaid  with    blackish,    more  especially  on  the  basal 

field  ;  extreme  base  and  posterior  portion    of    basal    field    reddish  ;  basal  cross-line 

white,    slightly    waved,    distinct,    edged    on     both     sides    with    distinct    fine    l)lack 


—  72  — 

lines  ;  discal  spots  black  ;  outer  line  gray,  strai;j;]it  from  costa,  then  rectangular 
outward,  then*  rounding  forming  a  deep  sinus  shorter  than  usual,  then  angulate 
and  slightly  bent  to  inner  margin  ;  veins  on  middle  and  outer  fields  rather  darker 
than  ground  color  ;  marginal  line  black  ;  hind  wings  light  fuscous,  darker  on  the 
outer  margin. 

Hab.  — Texas. 


While  writing  the  first  part  of  this  article,  published  last  month,  I 
thought  it  wise  in  view  of  doubts  existing  in  my  mind  not  to  place  in  the 
lisi  c\  SYiecles  {7 a//u/a  a/r/yascia/is)  described  by  me  as  one  of  the  .£)!'/- 
pasc/ii/nw. 

I  have  been  able  by  the  sacrifice  of  one  of  my  types  to  carefully 
study  the  species  since  and  have  concluded  that  it  must  be  catalogued 
as  one  of  the  EpipaschiinLB.  I  therefore  add  it,  merely  noting  my  opinion 
that  it  would  be  best  placed  after  Yuma,  and  before  Lanthaphe. 

TALLULA,   Hulst. 
(  Talhila,   Indian  name  in  Texas). 

Ento.  Am.,  I\',   114,  18SS. 

Palpi  erect,  long,  thin  ;  end  member  comparatively  long.  Maxillary  palpi  present, 
not  bilobed,  but  end  member  neaily  at  summit  of  and.  Antenna;  heavily  bitufted 
],mbescent  in  both  sexes,  but  more  prominently  in  r.\  .  Process  almost  obsolete. 
Tongue  strong,  clothed  with  long  scales  in  front  at  base.  Wings  with  scale  ridges 
and  tuftings,  without  costal  scale  ridge  and  vitrifaction  beneath  ;  apex  somewhat 
sharper  than  usual,  r^  genitalia  normal,  with  furcate  base  of  uncas  bent  upward. 
Legs  — tarsi  sjiinulated,  hind  tibia;  with  2  pair  of  spurs.  Venation — fore  wings  12  veins; 
I  bent,  not  notched,  nor  furcate,  3  close  to  angle,  4  and  5  short  stemmed,  6  at  a  point 
with  7,  7,  8  and  9  stemmed,  10,  11  and  12  separate.  Hind  wings  8  veins  ;  3  close  to 
angle,  4  and  5  short  stemmed,  6  short  stemmed  with  7,  7  stemmed  with  8  beyond 
separation  from  6  ;  cell  short. 

Notwithstanding  the  i  2  veins  of  the  fore  wings,  tliis  species  is  very 
closely  allied  to  the  Phydlidw.  But,  as  the  result  of  careful  study  I  think 
now  that  it  must  be  ])laced  with  the  Epipaschiime.  Tiie  lack  of  bilobing 
in  the  maxillary  palpi  is  the  most  serious  objection  to  such  a  reference, 
and  the  antennal  process  is  almost  obsolete,  but  otherwise  its  affinides 
are  here.  Still  the  end  member  of  the  maxillary  palpi  is  not  on  the 
summit  of  the  next  and  the  process  is  clearly  indicated. 

It  does  not  seem  to  me  the  difficulty  would  be  lessened  by  referring 
It  to  the  Fyralidince,  but  rather  much  increased. 

It  has  been  suggested  to  me  that  this  species  might  be  AiicPglis  dis- 
missalis,  Led.,  since  Lederer's  figure  very  strongly  resembles  it.  But 
AncFglis  has  neither  tongue  nor  ocelli,  apart  from  differences  in  venation. 

The  original  generic  description  was  faulty  owing  to  a  poor  prepar- 
ation for  study.  The  above  corrected  diagnosis  can,  I  think,  be  relied 
upon. 


—73— 

T.   atrifascialis,    Hulst,    (Tetralopha),  Trans.  Amer.  Ento.  Soc, 

XIII,  160,  1SS6;  {Tallula),  Ento.  Am..  IV,  115,  1888. 
l-'xpands,  18  to  22  mm.  Palpi  white,  Ijlack  at  ends  ;  head,  thorax  and  antennae 
June  white,  u-ith  some  black  scales  intermixed  ;  thorax  with  three  black  spots  poster- 
iorly ;  lore  wings  pure  white,  more  or  less  heavily  mixed  with  black  scales,  giving  a 
snowy  cinereous  aspect  ;  a  black  costal  spot  at  base  ;  the  first  line  black,  broad  at 
cosia,  then  constricted  nearly  or  quite  separated  at  middle,  then  broadeniu'j;  to  margin, 
loUowing  inner  margin  to  base  in  a  fuscous  shade  ;  outer  line  white,  sinuous,  lined 
within  with  fuscous ;  a  large,  black,  costal,  apical  triangle ;  black  points  on  either 
side  of  outer  line  on  inner  margin  ;  a  marginal  line  of  black  dashes  ;  fringe  white, 
interlined  brokenly  with  black  ;  hind  wings  light  fuscous,  black  marginal  line  ;  fringe 
as  fore  wings  ;  beneath,  fuscous  on  fore  wings  and  anterior  margin  of  hind  wings  ; 
fringe  as  above.     Abdomen  cinereous,  annulate  with  fuscous. 

Southern  Slates  and  Texas.      October. 


On  ])age  47,  loth  line  from  the  bottom,  there  is  an  important  error, 
"coalescing  of  10  and  11,"  should  be  "8  and  9."  And  on  page  45, 
yih  line  from  the  top,   ''Oneida  hmulalis"  should  be  ''Yuma  adulaialis.'" 

Tetralopha  enthealis,  Hulst,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  does  not  belong 
here.  The  type  is  a  female,  and  is  probably  a  synonym  of  Aglossa 
dumalis,  Guen. ,  though  very  decidedly  differing  in  shape  of  wings  from 
all  females  of  that  species  I  have  seen. 

It  may  be  that  Mr.  Walker  has  described  some  of  our  species  in  the 
Iiriiish  Museum  Catalogue.  But  so  far,  no  way  has  presented  itself  by 
which  I  could  make  reliable  comparison  with  Walker's  types,  and  no- 
thing can  be  determined  from  the  descriptions. 

In  the  introductory  part  of  this  article  I  have  shown  that  in  the  most 
of  respects  the  Epipaschiime  find  correspondences  among  the  Pliycitidce. 
The  principal  and  almost  only  material  point  in  which  there  seemed  to 
be  a  distinction  was  in  the  frenulum,  which  in  the  9  ^^  ^^^  Epipasch- 
iince  is  double,  while  in  the  PhyciiidcB  it  is  single.  I  had  fell  certain  that 
even  this  was  not  absolute  in  view  of  the  peculiar  formation  of  the  fren- 
ulum in  the  9  of^  the  Pliycitidce,  but  at  the  time  of  writing  was  able  to 
give  no  proof  Among  the  Pliycitidce  the  (^  has  the  single  heavy  spine; 
the  9  als^5  has  one  spine  but  it  consists  of  two,  or  more  generally,  3  or 
4  joined  together.  This  is  very  evident  at  the  base  where  the  separate 
sockets  are  easily  seen,  and  there  is  morever  a  flatness  and  waviness  of 
the  basal  portiou  to  correspond.  After  the  examination  of  various  spe- 
cimens I  have  at  last  found  an  undoubted  9  Anerastia  tetradella,  Zell., 
in  which  the  frenulum  is  divided  to  the  base,  and  is  therefore  double  as 
in  the  Epipascliiime. 

In  aildition  I  have  made  some  comparative  ol)scrvations  on  the 
females  of  the  Epipaschiinte  and  Pliycitidce.  So  little  has  been  said  (if 
anything  at  all)  upon  the  genitalia  of  the  females  in  any  family  that  I 


—74— 

made  no  observations.  I  find  however,  as  the  result  of  my  study  since, 
some  interesting  facts.  The  female  genitalia  in  the  Epipaschiince  have  a 
certain  specialization  for  the  purpose  of  oviposition.  The  last  two  seg- 
ments are  provided  with  an  extensile  apparatus,  consisting  of  a  chitinous 
projection  within  and  on  either  side  of  the  oviduct.  Those  of  the  last 
segment  control  the  end  of  the  ovipositor,  which  is  somewhat  spatulate 
covered  with  stout  hairs,  the  opening  being  underneath  the  spatulate 
portion.  Those  of  the  penultimate  segment  control  the  last  segment. 
These  give  not  only  an  e.xtensile  power,  but  act  through  the  muscles  in 
propelling  the  egg  to  the  end  of  the  abdomen.  This  structure  is  essen- 
tially the  same  in  the  Phycitidce.      Tt  also  exists  in  the  Gallen'idcE,  in  the 

9  of  some  of  which  the  extensile  apparatus  is  very  long,  enabling  the 
insect  to  double  the  length  of  the  abdonien. 

I  find  also  on  some  of  the  insects  in  the  female  a  couple  of  stout 
projecting  spines  on  the  underpart  of  the  abdomen.  These  are  pretty 
close  together  in  T.  tiltella  and  on  the  antepenultimate  segment;  in  T. 
aplastella  wider  apart  on  the  second  segment  anterior  to  that.  These  are 
probably  used  in  assisting  the  newly  emerged  imago  from  the  cocoon. 

In  view  of  the  above  I  reiterate  my  opinion  that  the  Ef.ipaschiino' 
and  Phyciiidie  are  very  nearh-  allied  and  am  strongly  inclined  to  believe 
the  Epipaschiinix  should  be  regarded  as  a  subfamily  of  the  Phycitidce. 

In  view  of  the  introduction  oi  Tallula  atrifascialis  I  add  an  amended 
Synopsis  of  Genera. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  GE\ERA  OF  N.  A.   EPIPASCHIIN.E. 

1  Fore  wings  of  rf'  simple,  i2-vi.ined  in  both  sexes 2 

Fore  wings  of  (^  with  costal  fold  and  vitreous  spot  beneath 7 

2  Maxillary  palpi  present,  hind  tibias  oi  (j^'  with  2  pair  of  spurs 3 

Maxillary  palpi  invisible,  hind  tibiiB  of  q'  with  end  pair  af  spurs  only.  .  .  .Oneida 

3  Antennal  process  more  or  less  strong,  maxillary  palpi  bilobed  at  end 4 

Antennal  process  nearly  obsolete,  maxillary  palpi  not  l)ilobed Tallula 

4  Hind  tibiae  with  2  pairs  of  spurs .  , 5 

Hind  tibiae  with  end  pair  of  spurs  only    Yuma 

5  Maxillary  palpi  scaled  in  (^' Epipaschia 

Maxillary  palpi  pencil  tufted  in  (^   6 

6  Process  long Cacozelia 

Process  short Stericta 

7  Fore  wings  1 1  -vemed  in  r^ ,  12-veined  in  O 8 

Fore  wings  1 1  -veined  in  both  sexes 9 

8  Fore  wings,  10  and  11  separate  ;  6  stemmed  with  7,  S  and  9  in  ^  •  •  .Lanthaphe 
Fore  wings,  10  and  11  stemmed,  6  separate Saluda 

9  Maxillary  palpi  present ;  antennal  process  more  or  less  developed 10 

Maxillary  palpi  invisible  ;  process  hardly  indicated Attacapa 

10  Fore  wings  6,  7,  8  and  9  stemmed  in  9 Tioga 

Fore  wings  6  separate  in  O Tetralopha 


—75— 
CATALOGUE  OF  GENERA  AND  SPECIES. 


EPIPASCHIINiE,    VVals. 
Epipaschue,  Grt. 
Epi'paschudce,   Meyr. 

I.— EPIPASCHIA,  Clem. 

Deuterolyta,   Led. 
Mochlocera,   Grt. 
Catamola,    Meyr. 
Asirapometis,    Meyr. 

1.  superatalis,  Clem. 

compiaia/is,  Led . 
borcalis,  Grt. 
oliva^s,  Hulst. 
II.     CACOZELIA,  (lit. 

2.  basiochrealis,  Grt. 
III.-   STERICTA,   Le.l. 

Glossina,  (uien. 
Toripalpus,  Grt. 
Winona,    Hulst. 

3.  incrustalis,    IluUt. 

4.  breviornatalis,   Grt. 

5.  trabalis,   Grt. 

IV.— ONEIDA,   Hulst. 

6.  lunulalis,    Hulst. 

v.— YUMA,   Hulst. 

7.  adulatalis,   Hulst. 

YI.— TALLULA,   Hulst. 

8.  atrifascialis,   Hulst. 

VII.-LANTHAPHE,  Clem. 

9.  platanella,  Clem. 

VIII.     SALUDA,   Hulst. 

10.  asperatella,  Clem. 

11.  melanogrammos,  Zell. 

talleolalis,   Hulst. 
var.   diluculella,  (]rt. 

IX.     TIOGA,   Hulst. 

12.  aplastella,  Hulst. 


X.— TETRALOPHA,   Zell. 

Loma,    Hulst. 
Wanda,    Hulst.. 
Katotia,    Hulst. 

13.  nephelotella,    Hds?- 

14.  robustella,.  Zell. 

15.  baptisiella,   Fern. 
t6.   militella,   Zell. 
17.  tiltella,   Hulbt. 

r8.  euphemella,   lluKt. 


.S:L— ATTACAPA,   liul^t 


ig,  callipeplella,   ilul^t- 


EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE. 


Palpus  of  Tetralopha  robustella,   (^ . 
"       "    Lanthaphe  platanella,    9^ 
"       "    Tetralopl'ia  baptisiella,  (^ . 
"       "    Saluda  asperatella,   ff. 
Maxillary  palpus  of  Saluda  asperatella,   rj'. 

"  i<        u    Tetralopha  baptisiella,   q- 

"  <■'        "    Yuma  adulatalis,   r5  . 

Antennal  process  of  Epipaschia  supera talis,   (^'. 

"  "         "    Attacapa  callii>eplella,   r^ . 

"■  a        iir   Cacozelia  basioclirealis,    -  . 

"  "         "    Tetralopha  baptisiella,   rj. 

»'  "        "   Tioga  aplastella,  (j  . 

Head  of  Epipaschia  zelleri. 
Claw  of  "  " 

Uncus  of  Saluda  asperatella,  c^ . 

Genitalia  ot  Cacozelia  basiochrealis,   (^  (uncal  parts  protruticd  ( 
Venation  fore  wing  of  Tetralopha  baptisiella,   q. 

"  "         "  Epipaschia  superatalis. 

"         hind  wintr  "  " 


;C 


.i 


—11— 

COLLECTING    NOTES 

J5y     II.     F.     WlCKliAM. 


The  occurrence  ^fa  Brachynus,  determined  by  Dr.  Horn  as  cincti- 
peniiis,  Chev. ,  at  Albuquerque,  N.  Mex.,  adds  a  very  pretty  and  easily 
recognized  species  to  our  fauna.      Three  specimens  were  taken  in  July. 

Ctenistes piilvcrcus,  Lee,  occurs  at  Williams,  Arizona,  under  Pine 
bark  in  October,  and  Fiisliger  fuchsii,  Br.,  was  taken  in  the  same  locality, 
with  a  small  black  ant  which  makes  its  nesis  above  ground  in  dried  cow 
droppings.  Six  specimens  were  found  early  in  May.  The  occurrence 
of  ihis  species  so  far  West  is  of  interest,  and  the  ant  with  which  it  lives 
is  a  different  species  from  any  that  I  have  seen  in  the  Kast.  Mr.  Ulke 
writes  me  that  he  sees  no  difference  in  my  specimens  of  F.  fuchsii  and 
his  types  fritm  Tennessee. 

Helcerius  irisiriatus,  Horn,  was  taken  at  Coolidge,  New  Mexico,  at 
an  elevation  of  about  7,000  ft.  My  specimen  was  found  in  the  evening 
resting  on  a  stone  under  which  was  a  colony  of  ants.  Hiis  species  was 
described  from  Calaveras,  Cal. 

At  Needles,  Cal.,  I  had  my  first  experience  with  Gyascufus  phmi- 
cosfa.  Here  they  were  quite  numerous,  but  so  extremely  active  that  it 
was  with  difficulty  that  1  got  four  or  five  of  them  the  first  day.  They 
are  seen  clinging  to  the  twigs  of  a  gummy  bush,  growing  in  sandy  spots 
away  from  the  river,  and  lake  flight  at  the  slightest  alarm.  However,  I 
succeeded  in  getting  a  nice  lot  of  them  by  rising  next  morning  before  the 
sun,  W'hen  I  found  them  on  the  twigs,  quite  inactive  and  easily  taken  by 
hand  without  the  use  of  a  net.  In  this  way  I  took  more  of  them  in  one 
hour  than  I  could  have  taken  in  ten,  had  I  waited  until  day  advanced. 

Niptus  veniricuhis,  Lee,  is  sometimes  gregarious,  as  I  found  a 
colony  of  about  35  individuals,  at  Winsk)W,  Arizona,  May  5th,  all  close 
together  under  an  old  log.  This  species  probabh"  bieeds  in  old  wood, 
as  there  was  nothing  under  tlie  leg  but  sand,  and  many  dthers  of  this 
laniily  are  lignivurous. 

One  of  the  characteristic  features  of  the  insect  fauna  ol  tlie  South- 
west is  the  occurrence  in  large  numbers  of  manv  fine  O/ior/ivJichiifw  and 
Cleonini.    These  occur  both  on  plants,  and  around  the  roots  in  the  sand. 

Ophryastes  vittatus  is  found  chiefly  on  the  "greasewood,"  high  above 
ground  on  young  shoots  ;  while  O.  sulcirostris  and  O.  laiirosiris  occur 
around  the  roots  of  this  and  other  plants,  being  it  seems  not  so  fond  of 
climbing.  The  color  of  the  two  last  mentioned  species  agrees  better 
with  that  of  the  soil  than  does  the  color  of  O.  vi/Ja/us,  but  is  not  so  well 
adapted  to  the  purpose  of  concealment,  wdien  high  up  among  the  leaves. 
A  Very  pretty  new  species  of  this  genus  rewarded  my  search. 


-78- 

Two,  or  possibly  three,  species  of  Etipagoderes  are  also  found  in 
the  same  locality  and  situation,  one  of  them,  Eti.  sordidus,  preferring 
low  plants. 

Diamimiis  subsericcus  was  taken  around  the  roots  of  coltonwoods, 
znd  Peritaxia  hispida,  rare,  under  pieces  of  bark  or  logs,  the  former  at 
Winslow,  the  latter  at  Walnut,  Arizona.  Eucyllus  vagatis  was  found 
under  ties  at  Barstow,  Cal.,  Patideleiejus  cineretis  and  Cyphus  lautus  at 
Peach  Sprmgs,  Arizona,  around  the  roots  of  scrubby  brush. 

Among  the  CVtv;;//;//  were  the  following  species — Lixiis pleuralis  \ 
Cenirocleonus  molitor  and  angularis ;  Cleonopsis  piilverens  ;  Cleoniis 
frontalis,  virgafus,  and  quadri/inea/us — all  of  which,  with  the  exception 
of  the  first  two,  occurred  almost  entirely  on  the  ground,  at  the  roots  of 
low  plants. 

Species  u(  Dory/omns,  B^igoiis.  7\chiiis,  AcaUes,  Zascelis  and  others 
also  I'requent  these  situations  :  so  it  will  be  seen  that  it  will  pay  collec- 
tors in  the  Southwest  to  give  considerable  aliention  to  this  mode  of  col- 
lecting,— which  1  found  to  yitld  better  returns  in  Rlivtic/iophora,  and 
some  other  groups,  than  any  other  way  I  could  devise. 


List  of  the  ORTHOPTERA  found  on  Staten  Island. 
By  Wm.    T.    Davis. 


Staten  Island  offers  in  its  few  square  miles  natural  features  as  di- 
versified as  they  could  well  be  in  so  small  an  area  at  this  part  of  the 
coast.  The  expanse  of  salt  meadow,  die  moderately  high  hills  in  the 
interior,  many  of  which  are  still  wooded,  and  the  sand  dunes  and  barren 
ground  along  the  Kills  and  at  Tottenville,  are  each  inhabited  by  species 
of  Or/hoplera  that  very  rarely  or  never  leave  them. 

Anaxipha  exigua  seems  to  be  confined  to  the  salt  meadows  and 
only  one  specimen  of  Conocephalus  exiliscanorus  has  been  taken  at  a 
distance  from  the  salt  water  creeks  near  which  it  makes  his  home. 
Paroxya  atlaniica  is  particularly  numerous  on  these  meadows  and  the 
species  o{  Xiphidiiim  and  Steiioboihriis  are  also  found  plentifully  in  the 
same  situation.  Dissosteira  collare  and  Psinidia  viarmorala  have  only 
been  found  on  the  sand  dunes  and  barren  ground  along  the  Kills,  and 
Melanopliis  coUinus  is  also  most  plentiful  in  the  same  localities.  Chlcc- 
aliis  conspersa  occupies  the  hills  and  particularly  the  edges  of  pastures 
and  in  waste  places. 

With  the  exception  of  Periplanela  amen'cana,  which  has  been  re- 
ported inhabiting  green  houses,  all  the  species  have  been  cap-lnred  by 
me.  The  month  when  the  first  imago  has  been  observed  on  the  Island, 
is  indicated,  in  nearly  every  case,  after  the  specific  name,  from  which 
time  until  frost  they  are  usually  to  be  met  with. 


—79— 

The  chief  difficulty  in  ihe  preparation  of  the  Ust  has  not  consisted 
in  capturing  the  specimens,  though,  as  ah-eady  stated  a  few  are  rare  and 
others  local,  but  has  centered  more  particularly  about  the  disputed 
species.  Mr.  Samuel  H.  Scudder  has  identified  many  of  the  specimens 
and  some  have  also  been  inspected  by  Mr.  Lawrence  Bruner. 

Nearly  all  of  the  species  mentioned  will  be  found  described  at  some 
length  in  "The  Orthoptera  of  New  England,"  by  C.  H.  Fernald, 
published  in  the  Thirty-fifth  Annual  Report  of  .the  INIass.  Board  of  Agri- 
culture. Seventy-one  species  are  noted  in  that  work  and  it  will  be  ob- 
served that  sixty-three  are  here  recorded. 

GRYLLIDiE. 

Gryllotalpa  borealis,  Biinn.     Aui^ust. 

This  insect  is  not  difficult  to  capture.  It  can  be  located  in  the 
muggy  places  that  it  inhabits  by  it  song  and  may  be  easily  probed  out 
of  the  tunnel  with  the  finger.  If  the  captive  specimen  is  placed  on  the 
ground  it  will  begin  straightway  to  dig,  or  if  put  on  a  handkerchief  or 
piece  of  paper,  go  througli  all  the  motions  necessary  to  bury  itself  under 
natural  conditions. 

Gryllotalpa  Columbia,  .Scudder.     August. 

This  form  does  not  differ  from  the  preceding,  except  in  length  and 
size  of  wings  ;  a  common  variation  in  Gryllus  and  in  insects  of  other 
orders.  It  is  often  attracted  by  light,  at  least,  I  have  a  specimen  that 
was  captured  in  a  barber  shop  and  another  found  in  a  parlor. 

Gryllus  abbreviatus,  Serville. 

"         luctuosus,  Serville. 

Gryllus  may  be  heard  stridulating  on  the  last  days  of  May  and  from 
thence  onward  to  frost.  Many  of  the  immature  live  under  stones  &c. 
over  winter,  and  if  they  are  placed  in  a  box  together  they  speedly  fight, 
and  the  weaker  ones  are  devoured. 

Nemobius  vittatus,  Ilairis.     Late  June  and  July. 

This  insect  is  quite  pugnacious  and  will  sometimes  bite  savagely 
when  poked  with  a  straw,  even  coming  forward  to  meet  it,  after  several 
apparent  failures  on  the  part  of  the  straw  to  do  it  any  damage.  They 
will  also  quarrel  among  themselves.  I  have  seen  two  individuals  fight- 
ing in  the  field,  all  the  while  keeping  up  a  constant  stridulation,  but 
neither  one  appeared  to  be  at  all  injured,  they  having  merely  pulled  one 
another  about  a  little.  There  is  a  small  form  that  has  generally  been 
included  in  this  species.  What  Dr.  Fitch  calls  the  "fiddle  bow  nerve" 
in  the  tegmina  is  differently  shaped  from  the  preceding,  the  ovipositor  is 
shorter  (4  to  5  mm.  long),  and  die  stridulation  a  continuous  rolling 
whir,  instead  of  the  ordinary  CTc/zi',  cre'a/',  c/'6?a/{'.  However,  further  in- 
vestigation may  prove  these  characters  unstable. 

Anaxipha  exigua,  Say.     Augu>t. 

Staten  Island  appears  to  be  the  most  north-eastern  station  for  this 
insect  so  far  reported.  It  is  not  uncommon  in  certain  localities  along 
the  ditches  in  the  salt  meadows  where  the  high  tide  bushes  {Iva friilescens) 
g;"")w.  It  clings  from  six  inches  to  a  foot  up  the  stems  and  its  song  has 
a  particular  silverv  tone. 


.       -8o— 

CEcanthus  niveus,   Serville. 

"  fasciatus,   Fitch. 

"  angustipennis,   Fitch. 

"  bipunctatus,   DeGeer. 

These  insects  reach  maiurit}'  in  late  |inie  and  in  July.  Concerning 
angustipennis  ciud /ascia/us  there  lias  been  much  question,  but  they  are, 
I  think,  distinct  from  niveus.  Their  structure  is  not  the  same  and  their 
stridulation  is  different.  That  o^  niveus  is  a  beat,  beat,  pulsating  sound  ; 
that  of  angustipennis,  a  faint  continuous  whir  lasting  only  about  five 
seconds  with  an  equal  interval  of  rest,  and  that  o{/asciatus,  a  long  and 
comparatively  loud,  continuous  whir  often  lasting  several  minutes.  In 
addition  these  insects  are  not  often  found  iniiabiting  the  same  bushes 
and  trees.  Their  nuptial  atientions  are  amusing.  I  have  seen  the 
"slender  fZ.r(/;///^«.s' "  dovour  its  pupa  skin  after  ariving  at  the  perfect 
state. 

LOCUSTID^. 

Ceuthophilus  maculatus,   Harris.     Sept. 

Cyrtophyllus  concavus,    Hani-      Lite  July  and  Aug. 

Amblycorypha  oblongifolia,    DtCietr.     Aug. 

"  rotundifolia,   Si mlder.     August  2ik1. 

Microcentrum  retinervis,   IJurm.      Aug. 

Scudderia  curvicauda,   Dcdeer.     Aug.  6ih. 

Conocephalus  ensiger,   Planis.     July  gth. 
"  exilicanorus.   Davis.     Aug. 

This  insect  is  plentiful  along  the  salt  water  creeks  in  certain  localities 
on  the  Island  and  its  stridulation  as  well  as  its  form  resembles  that  of 
ensiger  more  than  any  other  native  Conocephalus.  We  cannot  count  with 
any  accuracy  in  ejtsiger  the  number  of  times  one  wing  ia  drawn  over  the 
other  as  indicated  by  the  rise  and  subsidence  in  the  song,  but  exi/is- 
canorus  is  such  a  slow  singer  that  this  estimate  can  be  easily  made,  one 
wing  being  rubbed  on  the  other  about  115  times  in  a  minute.  The 
species  devours  the  heads  of  the  meadow  grass  {Spartina)  and  it  was 
while  thus  employed  that  I  first  observed  the  lemale  insect.  When  de- 
scribing the  species  (Canadian  Entomologist,  Vol.  XIX,  p.  56),  only  the 
males  were  mentioned,  but  it  is  sufficient  to  add  that  the  ovipositor  is  37 
mm.  in  length. 

Conocephalus  dissimilis,   Serv.     August. 

"  robustus,   Scudder.     August. 

Xiphidium  fasciatum,   DeGeer.     August. 
brevipenne,  Scudder. 
"  vulgare,   Harris.     July  Sth. 

"  concinnum,   Burm.     July. 

Thyreonotus  dorsalis,   Burm. 

"  pachymerus,   Burm. 

ACRIDID^. 
Pezotettix  scudderi,  Uhler.     Aug. 
Acridium   alutaceum,  Harris.     Aug. 
"  rubiginosum,   Harris.     Aug. 

"  americanum,   Drurv. 


— 8i  — 

I  observed  a  large  grass-hopper  at  Tottenville  on  May  6th,  1888, 
Avhicli.  I  think,  l)elonged  to  this  species,  but  it  is  more  often  seen  in 
Novemlier  and  will,  at  such  limes,  fly  up  into  the  trees  to  escape  capture. 

Melanoplus  fenioratus,   ]>mm.     July. 

"  punctulatus,  Uhlcr.     Sept.  21st. 

"  collinus,  Sciulder.     Aug. 

"  femur-rubrum,   DcGcer.     July. 

"  atlanis,   Riley.     Aug. 

Paroxya  atlantica,  Scudder.     July. 
Chloealtis  viridis,  Scudder.     July. 

"  conspersa,   Harris.     July. 

Stenobothrus  curtipennis,   Harris.     July. 

"  maculipennis,  Scudder.     July. 

Arphia  sulphurea,   Fabricius. 

What  is  considered  as  the  Spring  form  arrives  at  maturity  about  the 
middle  of  May  and  a  few  survive  to  the  middle  of  July.  As  early  as 
August  7th  winged  examples  of  the  Fall  form  may  be  found  in  sandy 
places,  and  by  the  middle  of  September  they  a.ie  numerous. 

Chortophaga  viridifasciata,  DeGeer. 

Spring  brood  from  late  April  to  July  ;  late  Summer  brood  from  July 
to  frost 

Encoptolophus  sordidus,   Burm. 

Hippiscus  tuberculatus,  P.  de  Beauvois.     May.     A  few  living  until  July. 
Dissosteira  Carolina,   Linn.     June. 
"  bollii,  Scudder.     Sept. 

"  collare,  Scudder.     Aug.  ytli. 

Psinidia  marmorata,  Harris.     Aug.  7th. 
"  fenistralis,  Serville.     Aug.  7th. 

Trimerotropis  maritima,   Harris.     July. 
Tettix  granulatus,   Kirby.     April  to  Sept.  inclusive. 

"       ornatus,   Say.     April  to  Sept.  inclusive. 
Tettigidea  lateralis,  Say.     April  and  May. 

"  polymorpha,   Burm.     April  to  Aug.  inclusive. 

Batrachidea  cristata,   Harris.     April  to  Oct.  inclusive. 
"  carinata,   Scudder.     April. 

PHASMIDiE. 
Diapheromera  femorata,  Say.     September. 

BLATTIDiE. 

Ectobia  germanica,  Fabricius. 
Periplaneta  americana,  Fabricius. 

"  orientalis,  Linn. 

Platamodes  pennsylvanica,  DeGeer.     June. 

"  unicolor,  Scudder.     June. 

FORFICULID^. 

Anisolabis  maritima,  Bou. 


—82— 

Notes  on  Water  Beetles. 

By  C.    H.    Roberts. 


The  occasional  finding  of  a  single  specimen  of  some  so-called 
Western  species  in  the  East  or  South  has  been  sometimes  noted,  and  is 
easily  accounted  for.  Like,  for  instance,  the  writer's  taking  a  specimen 
of  Chrysohothris  exesa  near  the  New  York  Central  R.  R.  tiacks  in  N.  Y. 
City,  which  was  undoubtedly  conveyed  there  in  a  freight  car  or  in  lumber. 
But  it  is  not  usual  to  find  such  species  in  numbers  nor  continuously. 

Bennington  County,  Vermont,  has  proved  to  me  unique  in  this 
respect. 

Three  seasons  ago  I  took  a  single  specimen  of  Cnemido/iis  callosns 
there,  and  last  season  two  specimens  more  were  taken.  I  have  also  taken 
five  specimens  o'i  Dcronectes  strialeUiis.  Heretofore  I  have  known  these 
two  only  from  the  West  and  South-west. 

I  have  also  taken  three  examples  of  an  undescribed  species  of  Hy- 
droporus,  found  previously,  so  far  as  1  can  learn,  only  at  or  near  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Last,  but  not  least  remarkable.  Dr.  Horn  has  just  determined  for 
me,  from  the  same  locality,  Manchester,  Vt. ,  Limnebius piccus,  "known 
only  from  California  !''  Of  this  species  I  have  taken  twelve  or  fifteen 
specimens,  and  it  can  not  therefore  be  chance,  but  is  certainly  remark- 
able distribution. 

This  locality  has  proved  an  Eldorado,  as  far  as  water  beetles,  in  a 
broad  sense,  are  concerned.  I  am  a  very  busy  man,  unfortunately  for 
my  collection,  and  a  short  vacation  during  the  Summer  is  about  all  the 
time  I  have  to  devote  to  collecting ;  yet  m  three  seasons  I  have  turned 
up  mnely-sevefi  species.  My  son,  a  mere  lad,  but  an  enthusiastic  col- 
lector, captured  during  last  season  forty  odd  species,  among  them  up- 
wards of  250  specimens  of  Cnemidoiiis  edenlidus,  so  that  I  am  rather 
"  long"  of  that  stock.  ParnidcB  are  usually  looked  for  uj)on  sticks,  bits 
of  wood  or  bark,  and  under  stones,  &c.,  in  swift  running  streams,  but 
it  has  not  been  my  experience  to  find  them"  there  exclusively.  There  is 
cpiite  a  body  of  water  at  ]\Ianchester,  called  Dead  Pond,  which  ap- 
parently has  neither  inlet  nor  outlet,  and  is  as  still  and  dead  as  a  pond 
can  be.  Here  I  find,  each  season,  two  or  three  species  oi  Ebnis,  cling- 
ing to  the  stems  of  moss. 

The  moss  also  yields  many  of  the  smaller  Dyiiscidoe,  &c.  I  have 
found  a  net  made  from  common,  though  stout,  cheese  cloth  best,  as  it 
drains  easily  and  none  of  the  small  things  escape.  I  have  taken  in  a 
single  haul,  from  a  ditch  not  over  eight  inches  deep,  and  barely  wide 
enough  to  admit  a  net,  literally  hundreds  of  specimens  ;  and  they  were 


-83- 

not  all  B/(/c'ssus  affinis  and  Hydroporus  tindidatus  cither.  I'he  ditch 
drains  a  spring-hole  in  a  meadow.  I  have  lately  taken  a  great  liking  to 
this  interesting  group  of  Coleoplera,  and  the  scarcity  of  good  collections, 
or  even  of  good  series  of  the  commoner  species,  amongst  my  friends  has 
led  me  to  write  and  show  what  can  be  done,  even  with  little  time  at  your 
disposal,  by  careful  and  persistent  collecting. 


S.  LOWELL  ELLIOT,   Pli.  D. 

American  Entomological  Science  has  met  with  a  great  loss  in  the 
death  of  Mr.  Samuel  Lowell  Elliot,  who  died,  February  12,  1889,  aged 
45,  at  his  home  in  Brooklyn,  from  nervous  prostration  after  a  brief  ill- 
ness. Of  delicate  constitution,  having  been  an  invalid  the  latter  part  of 
his  life,  he  devoted  for  many  years  past,  when  health  permitted,  all  his 
time  to  the  collection  and  rearing  of  Lepidoptera,  in  which  he  met  with 
wonderful  success.  Inheriting  unusual  inventive  talent,  and  possessing 
keen  perceptive  faculties,  he  collected  great  numbers  of  the  rarer  cater- 
pillars, carrying  them  through  their  different  stages  with  great  success. 
With  rare  ingenuity  he  devised  breeding  cages  and  showed  great  skill 
and  tact  in  caring  for  the  larvce  and  in  contriving  boxes  for  hibernating 
both  larvcC  and  pupte.  He  was  especially  successful  in  his  apparatus 
for  receiving  the  insects  as  they  emerged  from  the  chrysalis,  so  that  their 
wings  always  developed  well.  Thus  he  would  rear  hundreds  and 
thousands  o{  BombycidcB  \  his  devices  for  mating  them  and  securing  the 
eggs  of  many  rarer  species  showing  great  patience  and  sagacity.  The 
result  was  that  he  bred  the  most  perfect  specimens  of  our  rarer  species 
of  Butterflies,  Sphijigidce  and  Bombycidce  by  the  thousand.  Of  the  Coch- 
lidcp,  for  example,  he  had  raised  twenty  species,  comprising  large  suites 
of  specimens  forming  entire  broods.  There  is  probably  no  such  collec- 
tion in  this  country  of  such  suites  of  perfectly  preserved  specimens.  The 
moment  the  moths  issued  from  their  cocoons,  when  their  wings  were  fully 
expaiaded  he  would  watch  for  them,  and  before  they  had  flapped  their 
wings  so  as  to  disturb  the  scales,  would  poison  them,  and  transfer  them 
to  the  setting-board. 

Had  his  life  been  spared,  and  had  he  had  more  strength,  he  would 
have  amassed  a  collection  unique  in  showing  the  variation  of  species. 
Unfortunately  INIr.  Elliot  did  not  take  notes  or  make  full  descriptions  of 
the  early  stages,  but  the  writer  can  testify  as  to  his  generosity  in  allowing 
others  to  use  for  study  his  rich  material,  and  to  his  hospitality.  Mr. 
Elliot  was  a  born  collector  rather  than  a  student ;  he  had  wonderful 
keenness  of  vision  and  perseverance  in  detecting  larvae;  he  was  also  a 
collector  of  books,  of  which  within  a  period  of  five  years  he  had  amassed 
a  collection  of  Americana  including  Natural  History,  and  Agricultural 
Reports,  forming  a  collection  of  10,000  volumes.  His  house,  from 
cellar  to  attic,  was  filled  with  books.  One  spare  room  was  filled  with 
rearing  apparatus,  on  which  he  spent  thousands  of  dollars.  Had  he 
been  permitted  to  live,  the  results  to  the  higher  study  of  Lepidoptera 
would  have  been  marked. 


-84- 

Mr.  Elliot  was  modest,  retiring,  unselfish,  freely  opened  his  treas- 
ures in  Entomology  and  the  rarities  of  his  library,  to  those  whom  he 
thought  would  appreciate  them.  He  leaves  a  widow  who  keenly  sym- 
pathized with  him  in  his  pursuits  and  possesses  the  same  sharp  eye  for 
rare  insects,  and  his  fondness  for  Natural  Science. 

A.   S.   Packard. 


At  a  regular  monthl}  meeting  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological 
Society,  held  on  March  5ih,  1880,  the  deadi  of  Mr.  Elliot,  an  active 
member  of  the  Society,  on  February  12th.  in  the  City  of  Brooklyn,  was 
announced  and  Messrs.  Pearsall  and  Weeks  were  appointed  a  Committee 
to  prepare  the  following  brief  memorial  concerning  him  fur  insertion  in 
the  Society  Publication  and  upon  the  minutes. 

Mr.  Elliot  was  born  at  Platlsburg,  N.  Y. ,  and  was  the  only  son 
of  Dr.  William  H.  Elliot,  the  inventor,  frdin  whom  he  inherited  much 
of  his  readiness  of  resource  and  enthusiasm  in  the  prosecution  of  his 
chosen  pursuits.  Though  for  many  years  almost  an  invalid  and  at  times 
a  great  sufferer  from  pulmonary  affection,  his  extraordinary  will-power 
seemed  to  rise  superior  to  his  ph\sical  weaknesses  and  urge  him  to 
exertions  from  which  those  of  more  robust  constituiions  might  well 
shrink  ;  nor  did  he  ever  permit  considerations  of  health  or  personal  con- 
venience to  interfere  with  his  self-allotted  tasks,  however  arduous. 

He  was  an  ardent  entomologist  and  especially  interested  himself  in 
breeding  and  rearing  local  Lepidoptera,  which  he  did  upon  an  extensive 
scale  and  with  distinguished  success  and  in  addition  devised  many  novel 
and  excellent  methods  of  developing  and  preserving  insects  in  every 
stage.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  his  excellent  practical  knowledge  of  the 
habits  and  food  plants  of  Lepidoptera  together  with  the  results  of  his  ex- 
periments were  not  reduced  to  writing  by  him  and  published  for  the 
benefit  of  Science. 

His  abounding  enthusiasm  and  energy  have  not  been  without  their 
effect  however,  and  have  done  much  toward  establishing  a  standard  of 
careful  manipulation  and  perfection  of  specimens  and  particularly  the 
principle  of  tracing  varieties  by  rearing  from  a  parent  stock — an  examf)le 
which  cannot  be  too  highly  commended  to  our  fabricators  of  nomen- 
clature. 

For  several  years  past  his  efforts  have  also  been  directed  toward  the 
formation  of  a  scientific  library,  which  at  the  time  of  his  death  already 
consisted  of  some  10,000  volumes,  many  of  them  very  rare  and  of  much 
value. 

He  was  an  active  member  of  many  of  our  leading  scientific  societies, 
and  shortly  before  his  death  had  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Philosophy  by  the  Faculty  of  Union  College  in  recognition  of  his 
eminent  and  unwearying  zeal  in  scientific  work. 

The  members  of  this  Society  desire  to  express  their  sincere  regret 
at  the  premature  termination  of  a  life  so  earnest  in  its  aims  and  so  con- 
scientiously devoted  to  the  advancement  of  Science. 


Am  eri  q 


VOL.  V. 


BROOKLYN,  MAY,  1889. 


NO.  5. 


Phragmatobia  assimilans,    Wci/^er. 
Bv  Annie  Trumbull  Slosson. 


I 


Mr,  Henry  Edwards,  in  his  preface  to  the  supplement  to  "New 
Clieck  List"  (Ento.  Atner.,  March,  1888),  in  speaking  of  Walker's  types 
in  the  British  Museum,  says  :  "It  is  probable  that  a  few  of  the  species 
mentioned  may  yet  await  re  discovery  by  our  entomologists,  and  that 
they  are  fully  entitled  to  a  position  in  our  lists."' 

I  feel  confident  that  I  have  reclaimed,  from  the  doubt  and  suspicion 
long  surrounding  it,  one  of  these  .species,  and  can  prove  its  right  to  the 
place  in  our  lists  given  it  by  Mr.  Edwards. 

Last  May  I  took  at  light  in  Franconia,  N,  H. ,  on  a  cool  evening 
towards  the  last  of  the  monih,  a  Bombyx  which  puzzled  me  greatly.  It 
was  much  like  Phragmatobia  rubricosa,  Harris,  but  a  good"  deal  larger, 
and  differing  in  other  respects.  Still  I  thought,  at  first,  that  it  might  be 
a  large  female  of  an  early  brood. 

On  my  return  to  New  York  in  the  Autumn  I  showed  the  insect  to 
several  entomologists,  but  it  was  new  to  all.  One  day,  during  the  winter, 
in  glancing  over  Mr.  Edwards'  supplement  I  saw  the  name  of  P.  assim- 
ilans, Walk.,  and  began  to  wonder  if  my  moth  might  not  be  this  long 
sought  species.  The  supplement  refers  to  "Cat.  B,  Mus. ,//.  j,  p.  630.' 
I  wrote  to  Mr.  Edwards  in  regard  to  this  and  was  told  that  the  reference 
to  "plate"  was  an  error  and  should  be  "par/  j."  I  could  find  but 
little  literature  on  the  subject.  In  Morris's  Synopsis  is  given  this  extract 
from  Cat,  B.  Mus. 

"P.  assimilans.  Walk.  Male. — Red,  Antennae,  testaceous. 
Thorax  with  brown  hairs.  Wings  red,  veins  darker.  Primaries  slightly 
brown  along  the  costa,    and  elsewhere  indistinctly  sprinkled  with  pale 


—86— 

brown,  with  two  blackish  dots.  Secondaries  brighter  red,  with  three 
black  dots,  two  in  disk,  and  one  near  hind  border  towards  inner  angle. 
Length  of  body  6  lines,  of  wings  i6  lines.  P'ar. — Primaries  almost 
wholly  brown.  Secondaries  with  broad  blackish  submarginal  stripe. 
United  States." 

Now  my  moth  answers  in  every  detail  to  first  description,  except 
that  it  is  a  female  and  larger,  being  more  than  i8  lines  in  extent.  The 
dots  are  obscure,  but  their  traces  may  be  seen.  In  "Notes  of  N.  Am. 
Lepidoptera  in  B.  Mus.  and  described  by  Walker,"  Grote  and  Robinson 
(Trans.  Am.  Enio.  Soc. ,  Vol.  II,  p.  72)  I  find  the  following  allusion  to 
the  moth  in  question. 

"P.  assimilans.  The  two  specimens  (a.  b. )  dififer  from  rubricosa 
and  fuliginosa,  by  their  greater  expanse  and  differently  shaped  primaries. 
These  are  more  produced  at  apices,  below  which  the  extreme  margin  is 
sinuate,  not  rounded.  We  have  seen  no  specimens  of  this  species  in 
any  collection  in  United  States." 

Mr.  Hy.  Edwards,  in  a  brief  note  made  on  a  visit  to  British  Museum 
in  1888,  says  of  the  types  :  "  Looks  like  a  large  specimen  of  rubricosa, 
but  one  example  has  no  spots." 

I  have  shown  my  moth  to  Mr.  Edwards,  who  agrees  with  me,  that 
it  is  Walker's  species,  but  thinks  it  should  be  placed  in  a  different  genus 
from  rubricosa,  perhaps  Aniarciia.  This  I  am  not  competent  to  decide, 
and  shall  leave  to  wi>er  heads. 


We  noticed  recently  in  some  German  periodical,  a  method  of  re- 
laxing Lepidoptera  that  might  merit  trial.  The  writer  used  a  shallow 
vessel  with  a  tight  fitting  lid,  covered  the  bottom  with  alcohol  sufficient 
to  float  the  cork  containing  his  specimens  and  left  them  for  a  time.  It 
is  asserted  that  they  relax  rapidly  and  very  completely,  that  the  colors  of 
even  the  most  delicate  species  is  absolutely  unaffected  -that  specimens 
never  become  wet,  dirty,  or  mouldy,  and  that  while  the  relaxation  is 
very  complete  the  setting  takes  place  very  quickly  and  firmly,  and  the 
specimens  can  be  removed,  much  sooner  than  if  relaxed  by  moisture 
derived  from  water.  The  current  methods  leave  something  to  be  de- 
sired, and  perhaps  this  will  fill  the  "long  felt  want." 

* 
By  the  time  this  number  reaches  our  readers,   Lachnosterna  will  be 
on  the  wing.    Will  not  all  Coleopterists  collect  them  largely  this  season, 
and  send  us  lists  of  their  captures }     If  there  be  a  question  of  identifi- 
cation, we  shall  be  glad  to  attend  to  that. 


-87- 

Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  Mexican  HETEROCERA. 

By  Wm.  Schaus,  Jr. 


The  following  species  were  all  captured  by  myself  in  the  State  of 
Vera  Cruz,  Mexico,  and  the  types  are  in  my  own  collection. 

Family  AGARISTID^. 

Pseudalypia  stuartii,  n.  sp.  Primaries  brown-black  ;  a  streak  of  metallic 
blue  scales  between  the  median  and  submedian  veins,  and  a  small  spot  of  the  same  at 
the  end  ot  the  cell,  beyond  which  a  narrow  white  band  crosses  the  wing  from  close 
to  the  costal  margin  to  near  the  internal  angle  ;  at  each  extremity  this  branch  turns 
abruptly  inwards,  forming  a  sharp  hook  ;  fringe  brown.  Secondaries  blue-black  ; 
fringe  brown.  Underneath  brown-black  with  the  transverse  band  on  the  primaries 
repeated  as  above.  Head  and  thorax  brown.  Tegula;  orange.  Body  blue  black. 
Legs  brown. 

Expanse,  38  mm.      i  (^.     Paso  de  San  Juan. 

This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  Pseudalypia  walkeri,  recenUy 
described  by  Mr.  Druce,  and  found  at  Acapulco. 

Subfamily    EUDRIIN^E. 

Leisotna  juanita,  n.  sp.  Primaries  above  brown,  powdered  with  bluish  atoms 
especially  along  outer  margin.  An  elongated,  irregular,  olive-green  space  extends 
from  base  of  wings  and  neatly  touches  thj  costal  margin  at  a  third  from  apex  ;  this 
space  is  separated  from  the  ground  color  tow  aids  the  inner  and  outer  margins  by  a 
band  of  very  dark  brown,  at  the  end  of  the  cell  is  a  small  bluish  crescent.  Apex 
broadly  white  bordered  internally  by  a  broken  band  of  dark  brown  ;  a  series  of  small 
brown  spots  along  the  outer  maigin  ;  fringe  while  at  apex,  brown  otherwis.^.  Second- 
aries above  brown-black  with  fiinge  white,  except  on  inner  margin  where  it  is  brown. 
Underside  of  wings  brown-black  without  markings  ;  the  apex  of  primaries  white,  and 
the  outer  margin  thickly  powdered  with  white  scales.  Head  and  thorax  brown  with 
bluish  atoms.  Ocellus  white.  Antennse  brown,  white  at  the  base.  Body  brown- 
black  with  a  large  orange  ^pot  on  either  side.  Legs  brown,  powdered  with  bluish 
scales. 

Expanse,  46  mm.      i   9-      Paso  de  San  Juan. 
Found  in  thick  forest. 

Family  ZYGiENIDiE. 

SUBKAMUA'    PHiEUDINiE. 

Harrisina  mexicana,  n.  sp.  Very  similar  to  a7nericana  of  Harris,  but  much 
smaller  than  any  specimens  I  possess  of  that  species.  Entirely  dull  black  with  the 
secondaries  semi-transparent.  The  antennae  are  also  much  more  deejily  pectinated 
than  in  the  above  mentioned  species. 

Expanse,  18  mm.      i  (^.     Paso  de  San  Juan. 

This  species  is  also  allied  to  Harrisina  guatemalena  of  Druce. 


—88— 

Lycomorpha  teos,  n.  ?p.  Primaries  above  light  brown,  yellowish  along  the 
costal  luarLjin  tor  two-thirds  ;  a  very  narrow  black  margin  from  middle  of  costa  to 
the  apex  where  it  becomes  slightly  wider  and  continues  so  to  the  internal  angle, 
where  again  it  becomes  very  narrow  along  tlie  internal  margin.  Secondaries  dull 
orange  with  a  narrow  black  margin.  Underneath  entirely  dull  orange  with  black 
margms  as  above.     Antennae,  head,  thorax  and  body  black  ;  collar  orange. 

Expanse,    22    mm.      i    (^.      Barranca   of  Simalohuacan,    State  of 
Vera  Cruz.      Elevation,  7,000  feet. 

Lycomorpha  regia,  n.  sp.  Primaries  biight  orange,  along  costa  a  very 
narrow  black  maigin  which  becomes  wider  towards  the  apex,  and  continues  wide  to 
internal  angle.  At  the  apex  the  black  margin  is  bordered  inwardly  with  pale  yellow. 
Fringe  very  conspicuous,  wliite.  Secondaries  the  same  color  as  primaries,  very 
broadly  bordered  with  black  at  the  apex,  and  diminishing  rapidly  to  middle  ol  ex- 
ternal margin  where  it  ceases  ;  the  fringe  bordering  this  portion  is  white,  but  on  the 
rest  of  the  outer  margin  and  also  along  the  internal  margin  the  Iringe  is  orange. 
Underneath  the  wings  aie  orange,  broad iy  black  at  apices.  Head  white  with  a  black 
spot  on  frons.  Thorax  and  body  above  orange,  underneath  white.  Antennae  black. 
Legs  black  on  their  upper  side,  white  underneath. 

Expanse,  28  mm.      i   9-     Jalapa. 

A  marvellously  pretty  species. 

SU15FAMILY  EUCHROMIIN^. 

Macrocneme  cinyras,  n.  sp.  Primaries  for  two-thirds  from  base  metallic 
blue-green,  except  a  narrow  black  space  extending  from  the  internal  margin  close  to 
the  base  of  wings,  towards  the  apices  ;  primaries  otherwise  dull  black  with  two  white 
spots  at  the  base  of  wings.  Secondaries  dull  black  with  a  few  metallic  green  scales 
clustered  near  the  center  of  outer  margin.  Wings  underneath  brown-black,  metallic 
green  on  costal  margins  for  half  their  length.  Antennae  black  tipped  with  white. 
Head  black.  Thorax  green-black.  Abdomen  dull  golden  green  with  two  white 
spots  underneath.  Legs  brown-black.  Tibia  and  tarsus  thickly  clothed  with  long 
black  scales. 

Expanse,  t^^  ™n^'      ^  cf-     Coatepec. 

Callicarus  laciades,  n.  sp.  The  primaries  and  secondaries  uniform  dull  black, 
a  few  minute  metallic  spots  at  the  base  of  the  primaries.  Antennre  black,  tipped  with 
white.  Head  black  ;  frons  metallic  blue.  Collar  and  thorax  black,  spotted  with  blue. 
Abdomen  black  with  a  dorsal  and  a  lateral  row  of  metallic  spots.  In  the  male  there 
are  a  few  orange  scales  on  anus.     Legs  black  ;  tarsus  tipped  with  orange. 

Expanse,  30  mm.     i  (5^,   3  9  9-    P^so  de  San  Juan  and  Coatepec. 
This  species  is  very  closely  allied  to  Callicarus  laconia,  Druce,   and 
also  to  the  following  species. 

Callicarus  misitra,  n.  sp.  Very  similar  to  Callicarus  laciades,  and  only  differs 
in  having  the  wings  slightly  transparent,  and  behind  the  head  are  two  small  but  con- 
spicuous orange  spots. 

Expanse,  30  mm.      i  (^.     Paso  de  San  Juan. 


-89- 

Callicarus  jalapensis,  n.  sp.     Head,  thorax,  abdomen,  legs  and  wings  dark 
brown,  the  primaries  darkest  at  the  base  and  becoming  paler  towards  the  apex.     At 
the  base  of  primaries  is  a  small  violet  spot.     Tarsus  pale  yellow. 
Expanse,  40  mm.      i   Q.     Jalapa. 

Cosmosoma  aleus,  n.  sp.  Male. —Primaries  hyaline  white  ;  the  veins,  outer 
borders,  apices,  and  a  large  space  extending  from  the  internal  angle  to  the  discal  cell, 
and  also  a  spot  at  ihe  end  of  the  cell,  brown -black.  The  costal  and  internal  areas 
to  near  apex  and  internal  angle,  also  the  base  of  wings  dull  orange.  Secondaries 
white,  hyaline,  orange  at  base  ;  the  costal  margin  narrowly  brown-black,  the  outer 
margin  very  broadly  so.  Underneath  the  markings  are  repeated  as  on  upper  side  ; 
costal  margin  of  primaries  narrowly  yellow  ;  on  costal  margin  of  secondaries  a  broad 
yellow  space,  and  also  yellow  at  the  base.  Antennae  black,  tipped  with  white.  Head 
and  thorax  black,  spotted  with  blue  ;  tvi'o  orange  spots  on  collar  ;  tegulse  streaked 
with  dull  orange.  Abdomen  black  wuh  two  dorsal  and  a  lateral  row  of  metallic  blue 
spots.  The  female  differs  in  having  Only  a  small  dark  space  at  the  internal  angle  of 
the  primaries,  so  that  the  space  between  the  third  and  fourth  nerviiles  of  the  median 
vein  is  hyaline  and  not  opaque  as  in  the  male.  The  border  on  the  outer  margin  of 
the  secondaries  is  also  nuich  nai  rower  than  in  the  male. 

Expanse,  26  to  31  mm.      Paso  de  San  Juan. 

This  species  is  very  abundant  amongst  low  shrubs  on  the  outskirts 
of  the  forest,  and  was  found  in  large  numbers  flying  with  C.  aiige,  C. 
cingulattim  and  C.  1711  par. 

Dycladia  pyrrha,  n.  sp.  Wings  hyaline  white  with  a  narrow  black  border, 
which  is  widest  at  the  apices  of^the  primaries.  On  the  costal  margin  at  the  base  of 
primaries  there  are  a  few  orange  scales.  Underneath  the  same  as  above  ;  yellowish 
at  the  base  of  the  wings.  Antennae  black  with  a  white  circle  near  their  tips.  Head, 
abdomen  and  legs  dull  black.     Thorax  and  tegulte  bright  orange. 

Expanse,    19  mm.      i  (^.     Paso  de  San  Juan. 

Family  ARCTIID^, 

Subfamily  CHARIDEIN..E. 

Aclytia  lucania,  n.  sp.  Primaries  dull  brown.  Secondaries  whitish  hyaline 
with  the  apices  and  outer  margins  black,  especially  broad  at  the  anal  angle.  Under- 
neath the  same  as  above.  Antennae,  head  and  thorax  dull  brown  ;  two  small  yellow 
spots  at  the  base  of  the  tegul*.  Abdomen  dorsally  and  laterally  with  three  rows  of 
metallic  blue  spots.  Underneath  abomen  yellow. 
Expanse,  36  mm.      i  9-     Coatepec. 

Aclytia  superba,  n.  sp.  Primaries  glossy  black,  with  a  darker  velvety  blotch 
near  the  apex,  and  two  indistinct  bands  of  the  same  character  extending  from  the 
cell  to  the  inner  margin.  Secondaries  semitransparent  white  with  a  black  spot  at  the 
end  of  the  cell,  and  a  very  broad  black  border  to  the  apices  and  outer  margins. 
Antennas,  head  and  thorax  black.  Abdomen  above  with  the  entire  first  segment, 
and  the  dorsal  portion  of  the  second  segment  black  ;  otherwise  bright  red  with  narrow 
black  transverse  bands  between  each  segment.  Abdomen  underneath  black.  Legs 
black  ;  fore  femora  bright  red. 

Expanse,  47  mm.      1  9-     Coatepec. 


—90— 

Heluira  aelia,  n.  sp.  Primaries  dull  brown  and  apparently  slightly  transparent 
so  that  all  the  veins  and  nervules  are  distinctly  marked  in  a  darker  shade  of  brown. 
Base  of  wings,  a  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell,  the  apices,  the  outer  margins  and  a  blotch 
at  the  internal  angle  also  of  a  darker  shade.  Secondaries  whitish  towards  the  base, 
otherwise  brown-black  ;  a  tuft  of  white  hairs  in  anal  fold.  Wings  underneath  dull 
black  with  all  the  veins  and  nervules  distinctly  showing.  Antennae  black.  Head 
brown  with  two  bright  red  spots  behind  the  antennas.  '  Thorax  brown,  underneath  a 
crimson  spot.  Abdomen  dorsally  metallic  blue,  with  narrow  black  transverse  bands 
between  the  segments,  and  a  tuft  of  long  brown  hairs  dorsally  on  first  three  segments. 
On  abdomen  underneath  a  large  white  spot. 

Expanse,  30  mm.      i  (^.     Paso  de  San  Juan. 

Automolis  nabdalsa,  n.  sp.  Primaries  with  a  broad,  central,  longitudinal 
band  chrome  yellow,  otherwise  light  brown  with  all  the  veins  and  nervules  yellowish. 
Secondaries  with  a  wide  dark  brown  marginal  band  extending  from  apex  to  anal 
angle,  where  it  is  broadest.  Underside  similar  to  upper.  Antennae  brown.  Head 
yellow  with  a  small  metallic  spot  on  the  frons.  Thorax  yellow.  Abdomen  above 
yellow,  last  three  segments  black,  spotted  with  metallic  blue.  Abdomen  underneath 
yellow.     Legs  yellow,  brownish  at  base.     Fore  femora  metallic  blue. 

Fxpanse,  40  mm.      i   9.      Paso  de  San  Juan. 

Bears  a  certain  resemblance  to  Eucyrta  prcetexta  of  Felder. 

Automolis  orbona,  n.  sp.  Wings  entirely  bright  yellow,  the  apices  of  prim- 
aries fanitly  tipped  with  brown,  and  an  indistinct  small  brown  spot  on  outer  margin 
below  apex.  Secondaries  with  the  outer  margin  nari'owly  and  faintly  bordered  with 
brown.  Underside  similar  to  upper,  but  with  the  costal  margin  of  primaries  slightly 
darker.  Antennae  brown.  Head  brown  ;  a  metallic  spot  on  frons.  Thorax  yellow- 
above  ;  underneath  brown  with  metallic  blue  spots.  Abdomen  yellow,  the  la^t 
three  segments  black",  spotted  with  blue  ;  laterally  a  row  ot  blue  spots. 

Expanse,  30  mm.      '^  (S^(^-      P'^iso  de  San  Juan. 

Automolis  parma,  n.  sp.  Piimaries  orange,  a  small  transverse  white  spot  at 
■apex,  narrowly  bordered  with  a  dull  brown  band,  which  on  iinier  side  however  docs 
not  quite  reach  the  costal  margm  ;  outer  margin  bordered  by  a  very  narrow  bruvvn 
line  ;  fringes  ochreous.  Secondaries  pale  ochreuus,  anal  an^le  and  a  tapering  border 
on  outer  margin  brown-black.  Underside  the  same  as  upper,  but  the  border  on 
secondaries  is  much  narrower.  Head,  thorax  and  first  segments  of  abdomen  above 
bright  orange,  the  remainder  of  abdomen  black  with  a  dorsal  and  a  lateral  row  of 
metallic  blue  spots.  Body  underneath  orange,  the  abdomen  banded  with  black. 
Legs  yellowish  with  longitudinal  black  lines. 

Expanse,  31  mm.      i  (^.     Paso  de  San  Juan. 

This  species  is  very  similar  to  A.  co7rlraria  of  Walker,  and  differs 
chiefly  in  the  narrower  outer  margin  of  the  primaries  and  in  the  position 
of  the  white  apical  spot. 


-91  — 

Preparatory  Stages  of  Janassa  lignicolor,    Walter, 
By  Harrison  G.   Dyar. 


Egg.  —  Globular  and  smooth.  (The  eggs  were  hatched  when  found,  only  the 
shell  remaining.) 

First  larval  stage. —Pale  brownish  yellow.  The  head,  the  hump  on  joint  5, 
and  a  dorsal  line  on  the  anterior  segments,  of  a  more  distinctly  brownish  shade.  Anal 
feet  partly  aborted. 

Second  larval  stage.— Head  shghdy  notched  on  top  ;  yellowish,  marked  with 
two  brown  bands.  Body  yellowish.  Humps  on  joints  5  and  12  brownish,  as  is  also 
the  semi-obsolete  dorsal  line. 

Third  larval  stage  — The  markings  of  the  mature  larva  now  begin  to  be  as- 
sumed. Head  brownish,  with  four  confluent  round  whitish  spots  in  front,  the  mouth 
parts  and  mottlings  on  each  side  of  the  band  also  white.  The  body  is  pale  brownish 
with  three  large  dark  green  patches,  two  on  each  side  of  joints  3  and  4,  as  in  C(k/o- 
liasys  unicornis,  and  the  third,  a  dorsal  patch,  on  joints  II  and  12.  Black  shades  on 
the  sides  of  joints  6  and  7,  and  on  the  dorsum  on  8,  9  and  10.  A  white  spot  at  the 
spiracles  on  joint  11. 

Fourth  larval  stage.  — The  dorsal  green  patch  extends  on  joints  9  and  10,  in- 
closing an  oblong  brown  space.  Black  shades  laterally  on  joints  5,  6  and  7,  and 
dorsally  on  8.     Several  white  spots  at  the  spiracles  of  joint  11. 

Fifth  larval  stage.  —  Mature  larva.  Head,  elliptical,  with  a  depression  at  the 
summit,  smooth.  A  hump  on  joint  5,  prolonged  upward  and  backward  ami  termin- 
ating in  two  ])oiiits,  tipped  with  while.  A  pointed  elevation  on  joint  12.  Anal  feet 
partly  aborted,  as  in  allied  genera.  Head  whitish,  with  two  mottled  yellowish  and 
bruwn  bands,  dentate  inwardly,  dividing  the  ground  color  in  front  into  white  spots  ; 
two  iit-ar  the  vertex,  two  rounded  near  the  center,  and  the  mouth  parts  and  the  space 
inmediiitely  above  them,  white.  Similar  markings  occur  on  the  sides  of  the  head, 
the  ground  color  being  divided  into  about  six  partly  confluent  white  spots  by  brownish 
mottlings.  Body,  pale  whitish,  mottled  with  brown,  much  more  heavily  dorsally. 
A  large  dark  green  patch  on  each  side  of  the  anterior  segments,  bordered  with  brown, 
this  border  continued  backward  ventrally  on  joints  5  and  6,  to  joint  7.  On  the 
dorsum  is  another  large  dark  green  patch,  beginning  on  joint  8  in  two  points,  in- 
closing a  patch  of  the  ground  color  on  joint  10,  extending  down  on  the  sides  at  this 
segment,  and  ending  abruptly  at  the  end  of  joint  12.  It  is  bordered  with  brown  on 
joints  8,  9  and  10.  The  hump  on  joint  5  is  shaded  with  dark  brown,  and  there  is  a 
black  patch  on  each  side  of  joint  7  :  but  this  last  marking  is,  in  some  cases,  more  or 
less  obsolete.  The  spiracles  on  joint  11  are  surrounded  by  a  circular  row  of  white 
spots,  while  the  spiracles  on  joint  12  are  black.  Abdominal  ieet,  whitish,  with  a 
brown  line  above  the  claspers,  the  line  on  joint  10  darkest. 

Cocoon. — Tough  and  parchment-like,  semi-transparent,  similar  to  that  of 
Ccelodasys  unicornis.  After  forming  its  cocoon  the  larva  fades  to  a  nearly  uniform 
whitish  color,  and  the  change  to  pupa  does  not  occur  till  about  a  month  before  the 
emergency  of  the  imago  in  the  Spring. 

Pupa — Shining,  light  reddish  brown,  appearing  somewhat  darker  between  the 
segments  ;  minutely,  but  sparsely  punctured.     At  the  posterior  edge  of  the  thorax 


—92— 

is  a  row  of  granular,  square  elevations,  extending  across  in  a  curved  line  Iietween  the 
wing  cases.     Last  segment  furnished  with  two  small  divergent  points. 

Food  plant. — White  Oak  [Querciis  alba).  During  the  first  two  larval 
stages  the  insects  eat  only  the  upper  portion  of  the  leaf,  and  their  yel- 
lowish brown  color  well  simulates  its  withered  appearance.  Subsequently 
they  devour  the  entire  leaf  with  the  exception  of  the  largest  veins,  and 
rest  on  its  edge,  where  they  might  be  mistaken  for  a  curled  and  dis- 
colored portion. 

Five  eggs  were  deposited  together  in  the  present  instance ;  but  the 
larvae  feed  singly. 

I  have  seen  no  description  of  the  female  moth.  It  differs  from  the 
male  as  follows :  It  is  larger,  the  antenna;  are  not  pectinated,  and  the 
external  margin  of  the  primaries  is  slightly  excavated  between  the  veins- 
for  its  lower  half  In  coloration  it  much  resembles  the  male;  but  the 
"ochreous  tinge"  of  the  primaries  below  the  median  vein  spoken  of  by 
Dr.  Packard  (Proc.  Ent,  Soc.  Phil.,  Vol.  Ill,  p.  367)  is  not  to  be  seen. 
The  secondaries  are  tinged  with  cinereous  for  their  outer  third. 

Larvae  from  Dutchess  County,  New  York. 


■♦  «  ♦ 


Prop.   C.   V.   Riley  is  in  Europe,   representing  the  U,  S.  Dep't  of 

Agriculture  at  the  Paris  Exposition. 

*  * 

* 

Prof.  C.  H.  Fernald  goes  to  Europe  this  Summer,  and  will  study 
all  accessible  types  o^  Pyralldce.  It  is  not  a  particularly  creditable  fact 
to  America  that  her  entomologists  must  travel  to  a  foreign  country  to 
study  American  types — not  ancient  alone,  but  quite  recent.  The  time 
ought  really  be  now  at  hand  when  American  entomologists  should  have 
a  monopoly  of  describing  American  species,  and  should  be  able  to  find 
room  for  their  types  in  this  country.  I  am  a  believer  in  "Protection  to 
Home  Industries,"  and  I  believe  there  is  plenty  of  room  in  our  museums 
to  hold  all  the  types  to  be  deposited  there  for  some  years  to  come. 

* 
StrppoSE  each  collector  during  the  coming  season  notes  down  some 
of  the  observations  made  by  him  concerning  the  habits  of  the  insects  he 
collects,  and  gives  them  to  his  fellow  collectors  through  the  medium  of 
Entomologica  Americana  !  It  would  help  all  hands,  including  the 
editor,  for  then  there  would  be  no  dearth  of  the  most  valuable  kind 
of  manuscript. 


—93— 

SOME  NEW  SPECIES  OF  LACHNOSTERNA. 

By  John  B.   Smith. 


For  more  than  a  year  I  have  been,  during  odd  moments,  studying 
the  species  oi  Lachnosierna,  more  especially  with  the  aim  of  bringing  out 
prominently  the  remarkable  sexual  characters  of  the  species — characters 
which  shed  so  strong  a  light  on  specific  relationships  that  their  study  can 
not  be  much  longer  neglected.  Not  the  male  only,  but  the  female  as 
well,  show  excellent  and  sharply  defined  characters  which  place  species 
upon  a  much  more  solid  foundation  than  heretofore  possible  by  a  study 
of  external  structure  merely — structures  which  are  all  more  or  less  vari- 
able, and  which  allow  too  much  latitude  to  individual  opinion.  The 
sexual  characters  within  my  experience  are  absolutely  invariable — there 
is  no  "more"  or  "less,"  but  they  are  practically  identical,  and  equally 
constant  in  both  sexes.  Where  any  difference  appears,  it  is  indicative  of 
a  distinct  species,  though  on  the  other  hand  I  am  not  prepared  to  say 
that  identity^  of  sexual  structure  in  all  cases  indicates  identity  of  species. 
It  would  do  so  in  Lachnosierna,  in  my  opinion.  These  studies  on  the 
sexual  charactere  of  Lachnosierna  are  now  completed,  and  I  have  figured 
87  of  the  species  in  265  figures  The  paper  is  ready  for  the  printer,  and 
will  appear  in  due  course  in  the  Proceedings  of  the  United  States  Nat'l 
INIuseum,  As  there  is  usually  considerable  delay  in  the  printing  of  these 
Proceedings,  I  prefer  to  describe  the  new  species  now,  to  call  attention 
to  them  during  the  pre>ent  season.  In  "Insect  Life,"  No.  6,  I  have 
already  described  four  species,  usually  combined  under  the  term  fusca^ 
another  of  these  forms  has  come  into  my  hands,  equally  deserving  spe- 
cific recognition. 

L.  insperata,  sp.  nov. 

Agrees  very  completely  with  Dr.  Horn's  description  o{  /usca,  and 
superficially  no  obvious  dififerences  are  apparent.  The  ventral  characters 
of  the  male  resemble  those  oi  dubia  and  arcuata,  the  ridge  being  strongly 
arched  and  small,  but  situated  back  from  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
penultimate  segment  and  not  overhanging  the  last.  In  the  female  I 
have  found  no  distinctive  characters.  Six  specimens,  taken  under 
stones  early  in  Spring  by  Mr,  M.  L.  Linell,  at  Snake  Hill,  N.  J.,  are 
before  me — 4  of  them  males,  2  females.  The  specimens  are  dark  in 
color,  and  large  and  stout,  resembling  most  nearly  the  larger  form  of 
fusca,  w'hich  occurs  with  it.  The  male  is  readily  recognizable,  and  I 
picked  out  the  species  immediately  from  a  mixture  of  other  specimens. 
The  sexual  structures  bear  out  perfectly  the  position  assigned,  which  is 
between  arciiaia  Smith,  and  dubia  Smith. 


-94— 

L.  ulkei,  Fp.  nov. 

Form  robust,  ovate,  rufocastaneous,  shining.  Clypeus  slightly  emarginate,  the 
border  moderately  reflexed,  surface  rather  closely  punctate.  Thorax  widest  at  base, 
arcuatediy  narrowed  to  the  apex,  margin  indistinctly  crenulated.  with  short  ciliae, 
surface  distinctly  but  very  irregularly  and  not  very  closely  punctured,  with  a  smooth 
median  line.  Elytra  more  deeply  and  densely,  somewhat  confluently  punctured,  the 
costae  evident.  Pygidium  rather  finely  and  sparsely  punctate.  Metasternum  densely 
punctured,  the  hair  long  and  dense.  Abdomen  shining,  sparsely  punctate.  Claws 
curved,  the  tooth  median,  stronger  in  the  female.  Last  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi 
ovate,  not  impressed.     Length  .85  inch  =  21—22  mm. 

Habitat— So.  Car.  (Ulke),  Georgia  (Ulke),  Tenn.  (U.  S.  N.  Mus.), 
E.  Florida  (Ashmead).      3  (^J^,    i   Q- 

Male. — Antennal  club  as  long  as  the  stem.  Abdomen  flattened  at 
middle,  penultimate  segment  with  a  perfectly  straight,  feebly  elevated 
ridge,  behind  which  the  segment  is  strongly  depressed,  making  the  de- 
clivity deep  and  abrupt  without  any  great  elevation  of  the  surface  of  the 
ridge.  The  ridge  is  close  to  the  margin  of  the  segment,  and  in  the  Ten- 
nessee specimen  almost  coincident  with  it.  Last  ventral  feebly  concave. 
Inner  spur  of  the  hind  tibia  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  outer  and  stouter. 

Female. — Antennal  cIuTd  small,  much  shorter  than  the  funiculus. 
Last  ventral  segment  feebly  emarginate  at  apex.  Pygidium  more 
elongate  than  in  the  male,  more  shining,  the  punctures  more  deeply  im- 
pressed. 

This  species  agrees  in  all  essentials  and  group  characters  with y}«ca, 
and  with  that  species  it  has  been  confounded.  The  four  specimens  be- 
fore me  are  very  uniform  in  appearance,  and  chiefly  differ  habitally,  in 
the  paler  color  and  the  much  more  rugose  appearance,  the  punctuation 
being  coarser  throughout.  The  lateral  margin  ef  the  thorax  is  also  very 
feebly  crenulated,  yet  not  so  as  to  throw  the  species  into  another  group. 
The  ventral  character  of  the  male  gives  an  obvious  and  safe  distinguish- 
ing feature  for  that  sex.  In  the  female  the  somewhat  broader,  more 
oval  form  and  the  coarser  punctuation  must  suffice  if  the  genitalia  be 
not  examined. 

L.  quadrata,  sp.  nov. 

Form  oblong,  parallel,  rather  deep  brown,  shining.  Clypeus  very  feebly  emarg- 
inate, moderately  reflexed,  surface  coarsely  and  rather  sparsely  punctured,  front 
more  closely  and  more  deeply  punctured.  Thorax  widest  at  base,  arcuately  but  not 
very  greatly  narrowed  to  the  apex,  margin  entire,  with  short  cilite,  surface  rather 
sparsely  and  irregularly  punctate,  without  an  obvious  smooth  median  line.  Elytra 
closely  and  confluently  punctured,  the  punctures  tending  to  form  longitudinal  series, 
costse  obvious  but  not  much  elevated.  Pygidium  sparsely  and  finely  punctate,  the 
last  two  segments  more  coarsely.  Claws  curved,  the  tooth  strong  and  median.  Last 
joint  of  maxillary  palpi  ovate,  not  impressed.     Length  .87  inch  =  22  mm. 

A^iir^Jz'/fj/ —Enterprise,  Florida.     May. 


—PS- 
Male.  — Unknown . 

Female, — Antennal  club  small,  much  shorter  than  the  funiculus. 
Last  ventral  segment  broadly  emarginate  at  apex. 

This  species,  is  based  upon  a  single  specimen  taken  by  INIr.  Schwarz, 
and  now  in  his  collection.  It  is  evidently  related  to  /usca,  and  agrees 
with  it  in  all  structural  details.  It  is  however  well  distinguished  by  the 
almost  square  clypeus,  the  punctuation  of  the  head  and  elytra,  and  by 
the  curiously  parallel  form-  The  genitalia  are  strongly  characteristic  and 
distinct. 

L.  nova,  sp.  nov. 
Oblong,  slightly  broader  behhwR,  chestnut  brown,  shining.  Clypeus  moderately 
emarginate,  the  border  narrowly  reflexed,  surface  densely  and  coarsely  punctured, 
the  front  less  densely  so.  Thorax  gradually  narrowed  from  base  to  apex,  sides  feeljly 
arcuate,  the  margin  distinctly  crenate,  surface  with  distinct  irregular  punctures, 
sparse  on  the  disc,  where  there  are  irregular  smooth  spaces,  more  densely  and  equally 
placed  at  the  sides.  Elytral  punctures  finer  than  those  of  the  thorax,  much  more 
closely  placed,  somewhat  rugulose,  the  costre  feeble  but  evident.  Pygidium  sparsely, 
finely  and  indistinctly  punctate.  Metasternum  densely  punctured,  the  hair  not  long 
nor  dense,  shorter  m  the  female.  Abdomen  sparsely  punctate  at  the  sides,  the  last 
two  segments  more  coarsely.  Claws  curvetl,  the  tooth  strong  and  median.  Last 
joint  of  maxillary  palpi  fusiform,  not  iippressed.  Length,  .55 — ,70  inch  =  14—18  mm, 

HabUai—'S<,  Y.,  Dist.  CoK,   N.  C 

Male. — Antennal  club  equal  to  or  slightly  longer  than  the  funiculus. 
Abdomen  slightly  flattened  at  middle,  penultitnate  segment  with  a 
distinct,  arcuate,  granulated  ridge,  behind  which  the  segment  is  deeply 
impressed  and  punctured.  Last  segment  with  a  cupuliform  depression. 
Inner  spur  of  hind  tibia  shorter. 

Female, — Antennal  club  shorter  than  the  funiculus.  Penultimate 
segment  with  a  linear  impression  close  to  and  parallel  Avith  the  hind 
margin.     Hind  tarsi  slightly  shorter  than  the  male. 

This  species  is  not  uncommon  at  Washington,  and  has  been  very 
generally  confounded  \\'\\\\  frat-erna  ^nd /orsleri,  with  which  it  agrees  in 
all  group  characters.  Apart  from  the  primary  differences  in  the  male 
genitalia,  this  sex  is  always  easily  recognizable  by  the  distinct  arcuate 
ridge  of  the  penultimate  and  cupuliform  depression  of  the  last  segment. 
The  same  character  is  sometimes  approached  in  the  var.  forsteri  but  is 
never  so  distinct.  The  thoracic  margin  in  both  sexes  is  more  distinctly 
crenate,  though  this  too  is  indicated  in  some  specimens  o'i fratema. 

L.  hornii,  sp.  nov. 

Oblong  oval,  not  broader  behind,  convex,  very  deep-brown  or  piceous,  shining. 
Clypeus  moderately  deeply  emarginate,  rather  more  acutely  in  the  female,  margin 
narrowly  reflexed,    rather  coarsely   densely  punctured,   front   scarcely    less   densely 


-96- 

punctured.  Thorax  distinctly  narrower  in  front,  sides  very  obtusely  angulate, 
widest  l^ehind  the  middle,  nan^owed  to  base,  more  obliquely  narrowed  in  front, 
margin  feebly  crenate,  sparsely  ciliate,  disc  convex,  the  punctures  moderately  coarse, 
variably  placed,  sometimes  closely  and  equally,  sometimes  sparsely  and  irregularly 
on  the  disc,  leaving  smooth  spaces,  but  no  smooth  median  line  ;  a  distinct  depression 
of  the  basal  margin  externally.  Elytral  punctures  finer,  much  more  dense,  somewhat 
rugulose,  costse  evident.  Pygidium  moderately  and  somewhat  irregularly  punctured, 
less  densely  so  in  the  female.  Metasternum  densely  punctured,  the  hair  long  and 
dense  in  the  male,  short  and  sparse  in  the  female.  Abdomen  finely  punctate,  more 
dense  at  the  sides,  the  last  two  segments  much  more  coarsely  and  densely  punctate. 
Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  fusiform,  not  impressed.  Length  .75 — .85  inch  =  19 
to  21  mm. 

Habitat — Washington,  D.  C,  Tennessee,  Virginia,  Ohio. 

Male. — Antennal  club  slightly  longer  than  the  funiculus.  Pen- 
ultimate segment  with  a  very  strongly  elevated,  overhanging  arcuated 
crest,  occupying  nearly  the  entire  length  of  the  segment,  behind  which 
there  is  a  deep,  transverse,  punctured  impression.  In  some  specimens 
the  crest  is  divided  at  the  middle,  and  a  longitudinal  impression  extends 
forward  to  the  middle  of  the  preceding  segment.  Last  ventral  with  a 
quadrate,  punctured  impression,  the  hind  margin  with  a  small  deep 
emargination.  Claws  arcuate,  tooth  rather  extra  median,  shorter  than 
in  the  female.  The  fixed  spur  is  quite  short,  less  than  half  the  length  of 
the  outer,  and  proportionately  less  stout. 

Female. ^Antennal  club  shorter  than  the  funiculus.  Pygidium 
more  elongate,  the  punctures  smaller  and  more  sparse.  Posterior  femora 
stouter,  spurs  of  hind  tibiae  short  and  stout.  Penultimate  ventral  seg- 
ment with  a  strongly  impressed  line  near  the  hind  margin,  behind  which 
the  segment  is  depressed.  Last  ventral  segment  sinuate  at  apex,  scarcely 
emarginate.     Tarsi  nut  shorter  than  in  the  male. 

Variations. — In  a  series  of  nine  specimens  no  variations  are  ob- 
served.    The  species  is  remarkably  constant  in  form  and  color. 

About  a  dozen  specimens  of  this  interesting  form  were  taken  at 
Washington  during  the  season  of  1888.  None  of  the  local  collectors 
had  ever  taken  it  before,  and  it  was  but  sparingly  taken  among  the 
hundreds  of  other  specimens.  Mr.  Schwarz  received  a  single  male 
specimen  from  the  mountains  of  Tennessee,  Mr.  Alwood  saw  a  specimen 
in  a  local  collection  in  Virginia,  and  I  saw  several  specimens  in  Mr. 
Dury's  collection  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  The  species  is  therefore  probably 
widely  distributed,  though  rare. 

In  group  characters  it  would  seem  at  first  referable  to  the  fraterna 
section  of  the  group,  but  the  large  size,  very  long  tarsi,  and  the  marked 
sexual  characters  refer  it  rather  with  rugosa  and  allies,  though  the  thorax 
is  not  evidently  angulated,  and  the  punctures  not  nearly  so  coarse.     In 


—97— 

the  short  spur  of  the  male  it  resembles  infidelis  while  the  distinct  elytral 
costa3,  as  well  as  the  ventral  characters  of  the  male,  make  it  abundantly 
distinct. 

I  take  pleasure  in  dedicating  this  strongly  marked  species  to  my 
good  friend  and  mentor,  Dr.  Horn. 

L.  biimpressa,  sp.  nov. 

Oblong,  scarcely  ovate,  pale  reddish-brown,  shining.  Clypeus  moderately  deeply 
eniarginate,  margin  narrowly  reflexed,  densely  and  rather  coarsely  punctured,  as  is 
also  the  front.  Thorax  distinctly  narrower  in  front,  sides  obtusely  angulate,  widest 
at  middle,  narrowed  to  base,  more  obliquely  narrowed  in  front,  margm  irregular, 
scarcely  crenate,  sparsely  ciliate,  disc  convex,  the  punctures  coarse  and  rather  closely 
placed,  a  distinct  smooth  median  line,  a  distinct  impression  ot  the  basal  margin  ex- 
ternally, and  a  distinct  foveate  impression  at  each  side,  nearly  opposite  the  angle. 
Elytral  punctuation  finer,  more  dense,  somewhat  rugulose  ;  sutural  costa  distinct, 
the  others  feeble.  Metasternum  closely  punctate,  with  moderately  long  hair. 
Pygidium  rather  sparsely,  finely  and  irregularly  punctured.  Claws  arcuate,  with  a 
strong  median  tooth.  Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  fusiform,  not  impressed.  Length, 
.76  inch  =  18  mm. 

Habitat — Manhattan,  Kansas. 

Male. — Antennal  club  nearly  as  long  as  the  stem.  Abdomen 
flattened  at  middle,  sparsely  finely  punctate  at  the  sides,  the  last  two 
segments  more  coarsely.  Penultimate  ventral  segment  with  a  rather 
feebly  elevated,  strongly  arcuated  ridge,  behind  which  the  segment  is 
deeply  impressed  and  punctured ;  the  last  segment  with  a  somewhat 
quadrate  depression. 

Only  a  single  male  specimen  is  known  to  me.  I  have  placed  it  in 
the  rugosa  group,  and  associated  it  with  sdtula,  though  the  specimen 
has  very  evidently  but  nine  antennal  joints  on  each  side.  Yet  all  the 
other  characters  of  structure  and  habitus  refer  the  species  here,  while  it 
would  be  otherwise  associated  with  entirely  incongruous  material.  Under 
the  circumstances  I  regard  the  9  joints  as  accidental,  and  shall  expect 
other  specimens  to  show  the  typical  10  jointed  form. 

L.  longispina,  sp.  nov. 
Oblong,  nearly  parallel,  ferruginous  brown,  feebly  shining,  sparsely  clothed  with 
yellowish,  erect  hairs,  longer  and  more  dense  on  the  thorax,  shorter  on  the  elytra, 
where  they  form  distinct  rows  on  the  costse  similar  to  those  of  hirticula.  Head 
densely  and  coarsely  punctured,  with  moderately  long  hair,  clypeus  emarginate,  the 
border  moderately  reflexed.  Thorax  widest  at  middle,  slightly  narrowed  at  base, 
more  at  apex,  the  margin  feebly  crenate,  ciliate,  basal  margin  channelled  externally, 
surface  with  coarse  punctures  moderately  closely  placed,  with  long  erect  hairs. 
Elytral  punctures  much  finer  than  those  of  the  thorax,  less  impressed,  denser  and 
somewhat  rugulose,  the  hair  sparser  and  shorter  than  on  the  thorax,  the  discal  costse 
not  distinct,  marked  only  by  the  rows  of  longer  hair.  Pygidium  of  male  sparsely 
and  not  dev;ply  punctate,    not   hairy.     Metasternum   densely,  punctured,  the  hairs 


-98- 

yellow,  long  and  dense.     Claws   arcuate,    a   strong  acute   median    tooth.     Length, 
,68  inch  =  17  mm. 

Habitat — South  Carolina  (Morrison),  Grand  Ledge,  Mich.,  May 
24th,  (Schwarz). 

Malk. — Antennal  ckib  a  Httle  longer  than  the  stem.  Abdomen 
slightly  flattened  at  middle,  the  penultimate  segment  with  a  transverse, 
arcuate,  rugulose  elevation,  behind  which  is  a  concavity.  Last  ventral 
flat.  Inner  spur  of  hind  tibia  fully  as  long  and  scarcely  stronger  than 
the  outer. 

Female.  — Wanting. 

Three  specimens  of  this  form,  which  is  perhaps  confused  with  hir- 
suta  (with  which  it  agrees  in  group  characters)  in  collections,  are  before 
me,  all  of  them  males.  It  is  readily  known  by  the  almost  equally  long 
spurs  of  the  male,  and  by  the  distinct  lines  of  longer  hair  on  the  elytra. 
The  thoracic  margin  is  also  evidently,  if  not  strongly,  crenulate, 

L.  innominata,  sp.  nov. 

Oblong  oval,  convex,  chestnut  brown,  shining.  Clypeus  moderately  deeply, 
acutely  emarginate,  the  border  moderately  reflexed,  surface  rather  closely  and 
coarsely  punctate,  front  less  densely  and  more  coarsely  punctate.  Thorax,  sides 
arcuate,  narrowing  rather  regularly  toward  apex,  the  margin  scarcely  irregular,  not 
crenate,  with  long  cilise,  the  punctures  small,  sparse  and  irregularly  placed,  no 
median  line,  a  distinct  channel  along  the  base  externally.  Punctures  of  the  elytra 
more  coarse  and  dense  than  those  of  thorax,  the  costse  evident,  but  not  prominent. 
Pygidium  sparsely  ;ndistinctly  punctate.  Metasternum  punctate,  the  hair  (-/')  long 
and  abundant.  Abdomen  indistinctly  punctate  at  th3  sides,  the  la-t  two  rt-gments 
more  coarsely  punctate.  Claws  arcuate,  a  long  acute  median  tooth,  smaller  on 
anterior  tarsi.     Last  joint  of  maxillary  palpi  fusiiorm.     Length,  .72  inch  =  1^5  mm. 

Habitat— V\^\v\on2L,  Minn.,  U.  S.  N.  Mus.  Ace.  21542. 

Male. — Antennal  club  as  long  as  the  stem.  Abdomen  flattened 
and  slightly  concave  at  middle.  Penultimate  segment  with  a  rather 
feeble,  semicircular  depression  on  each  side  of  which  is  a  short  oblique 
tuberosity.  Last  segment  transversely  concave,  almost  cupuliform. 
Inner  spur  of  hind  tibia  rather  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  outer, 
stout  and  straight. 

Female.  — Unknown. 

This  species  is  known  to  me  in  a  single  male  specimen  only.  It  is 
intermediate  in  some  respects  between  ifnplicita  and  balia,  yet  abundantly 
distinct  from  either.  The  male  characters  are  more  like  those  of  implicita 
save  that  the  last  segment  is  concave,  but  the  very  smooth,  sparsely 
punctured  thorax  is  distinctive.  This  species  is  also  much  larger  than 
its  immediate  allies. 


—99— 

L.  antennata,  sp.  nov. 

This  species  is  intermediate  between  tristis  and  crmita,  while  evid- 
ently distinct  from  both.  It  has  the  size,  vestiture,  and  general  habitus 
of  tristis,  but  the  smooth,  shining  surface  of  crinita.  The  female  is  re- 
cognizable by  the  shining  surface,  associated  with  the  vestiture  oi  tristis. 
The  antennae  of  the  male  have  the  club  distinctly  longer  than  the  stem, 
and  much  longer  than  in  tristis,  without  attaining  the  abnormal  develop- 
ment of  crinita.      Size  of  tristis. 

Habitat — Texas. 

The  collection  of  the  U.  S.  Nat'l  Museum  contains  a  long  series  of 
males,  and  but  a  single  female.  There  is  no  variation  whatever,  except 
a  very  slight  one  in  size.  The  ventral  characters  are  as  in  tristis.  I  have 
seen  other  specimens  than  those  in  the  Museum  Collection,  and  all  are 
from  Texas.      It  is  probably  common  locally. 

I  shall  be  glad  to  name  Lachnosterna  for  collectors  for  the  privilege 
of  keeping  what  may  prove  desirable  for  study. 


Editorial  Notes. 

As  will  be  noted  from  the  first  page  of  the  cover,  there  has  been  a 
complete  change  of  the  editorial  staff  of  Entomologica  Americana.  At 
the  April  meeting  of  ihe  Society  Mr.  Hulst  resigned  his  editorial  position 
on  the  plea  of  lack  of  time  to  properly  attend  to  the  work,  and  insisted 
on  his  resignation  notwithstanding  the  decided  disinclination  on  the  part 
of  the  Society  to  accept  it.  A  unanimous  vote  of  thanks  for  able  manner 
in  which  he  had  conducted  the  Journal,  was  tendered  Mr.  Hulst.  Mr. 
Roberts  thereupon  followed  the  example  of  Mr.  Hulst,  and  on  the  same 
plea — business  engagements — resigned  his  post  as  assistant,  a  resignation 
also  reluctantly  accepted.  The  choice  of  the  Society  for  the  vacant  posi- 
tions fell  upon  myself  as  editor,  and  Mr.  F.  H.  Chittenden  as  assistant 
editor.  Being  again  settled  so  near  New  York  City,  as  to  be  practically  of 
it,  I  have  accepted  the  office,  and  we  are  now  back  in  the  editorial  chair, 
ready  to  poke  advice  or  criticism  at  those  who  need  or  deserve  it.  The 
chair  feels  familiar,  but  it  has  grown  since  we  were  last  in  it,  and  our 
readers  must  indulge  us  a  little,  until  we  learn  to  fill  it  as  well  as  our 
predecessor.  As  Mr.  Hulst  will  continue  to  contribute  as  heretofore,  and 
has  promised  us  his  assistance,  we  hope  to  satisfy  all  reasonable  demands. 

We  have  received  Bulletin  No.  i  of  the  Central  Experiment  Station 
at  Washington,  which  contains  some  information  of  entomological  in- 
terest which  we  will  try  to  present  to  our  readers  in  the  next  number. 


— 100 — 

Collecting  Lachnosterna, 
By  C.    H.   Roberts. 


As  the  season  approaches  for  collecting  this  genus,  I  am  induced  to 
tell  of  a  method  which  was  new  to  me  until  last  Spring,  and  which 
proved  very  remunerative.  It  was  my  good  fortune  to  spend  a  couple 
of  weeks  in  Washington,  D.  C. ,  last  May  with  that  band  of  well-known 
entomologists  and  enthusiastic  collectors,  gathered  there,  and  they  initi- 
ated me — taught  me  the  trick  i.  e. — beating. 

Given  a  clump  of  Oak  or  Hickory  trees  (young  ones  preferred), 
situated  near  a  lawn,  meadow  or  pasture;  an  umbrella,  beating  stick, 
lantern,  plenty  of  good  sized  bottles,  charged  with  cyanide  or  chloroform, 
and  if  possible  a  companion,  and  you  are  ready — when  night  comes. 

The  beetles  begin  to  emerge  from  the  ground  at  about  dusk  and 
fly  to  the  trees  to  feed. 

As  long  as  any  light  remains  you  can  hand-pick  them,  but  when  it 
becomes  dark,  or  if  they  appear  in  large  numbers,  you  open  your  um- 
brella and  the  beating  process  begins.  If  the  locality  be  a  good  one  you 
will  be  astonished  at  the  result.  You  want  the  lantern  to  examine  the 
umbrella  with,  and  your  companion  to  hold  it  and  the  umbrella. 

While  in  Washington  four  of  us  went  out  in  this  way  and  we  took 
nearly  two  quarts,  or  almost  a  thousand  specimens  in  an  hour  and  a  half 
Six  or  seven  species  were  represented.  Oak  and  Hickory  are  of  course 
not  the  only  food  plants,  but  seem  to  be  favorites. 

One  species,  affinis,  was  quite  commonly  taken  upon  an  old  oak 
which  grew  near  my  Iriend's  house,  and  seemed  to  be  rare  everywhere 
else.  Affinis  suddenly  disappeared  after  a  few  days,  and  then  the  pear 
trees  in  the  garden  were  savagely  attacked  by  hv'ticula  -Awdifusca,  or  rather 
arcuata,  Smith,  n.  sp.  It  for  some  time  seemed  as  if  they  would  destroy 
the  trees,  so  vast  were  their  numbers  ;  and  I  am  not  sure  but  that  they 
would,  were  it  not  for  the  hand-picking  of  myself  and  friend. 

After  my  leaving,  my  friends  took  many  hundreds  of  specimens, 
and  many  species  in  this  way. 

Upon  my  return  to  New  York  I  tried  the  same  method  in  one  of 
our  small  parks  and  succeeded  very  well,  although  the  season  was  getting 
late.  I  was  once  disturbed  by  a  gray-coated  "guardian  of  the  peace," 
but  I  finally /^r5?^«:fl'^a' him  that  he  was  wanted  in  another  part  of  the 
park  and  the  good  work  went  on. 

Collecting  about  electric  lights,  especially  when  they  are  near  parks, 
and  not  too  far  from  the  ground,  is  productive  of  very  good  results,  but 
beating  goes  beyond  anything  in  my  experience. 

The  beetles  seem  to  fly  mostly  from  dusk  until  ten  o'clock,  although 
some  specimens  have  been  taken  as  late  as  midnight. 


-101- 


NOTES  UPON  GRYLLUS  AND  CECANTHUS. 

By  Jerojie  JNIcNeill,    Moline,   111. 


The  species  o{  Gtyllidce  are  so  variable  that  it  is  practically  impossible 
to  say  at  present  how  many  good  species  there  are  in  the  United  States 
or  even  what  constitutes  a  single  good  specific  character.  The  result  is 
Jhat  a  great  many  more  species  than  exist  have  been  described  (Mr. 
Walker,  for  example,  is  credited  by  Saussure  with  having  added  eiglit 
synonyms  to  G.  assimilis  Fabr.,)  and  the  habits  of  distinct  but  similar 
species  have  been  confused.  The  latter  conclusion  has  been  furced  upon 
me  after  several  years  observation  and  I  venture  to  ofifer  my  solution  of 
the  difficulty  in  this  paper,  I  do  not  hesitate  to  say  however  that  I  do 
not  feel  at  all  sure  of  the  correctness  of  my  position  but  if  I  succeed  in 
calling  the  attention  of  other  observers  to  this  very  interesting  group,  I 
shall  be  well  paid  for  my  trouble. 

In  speaking  of  the  habits  of  these  Orihopkra,  a  late  writer  on  the 
subject,  Mr,  Lawrence  Bruner,  says:  "Usually  most  of  our  North 
American  Grylli  live  singly  or  in  pairs  in  burrc^.vs  which  they  dig  for 
themselves.  These  are  used  as  retreats  during  the  day-time  and  serve 
as  shelter  during  the  ordinary  inclemencies  of  the  weather.  These 
burrows  are  generally  forsaken  about  midsummer  for  some  sort  of  above 
ground  shelter.  From  this  time  on  until  Fall  they  appear  to  be  more 
social  and  live  in  colonies  under  various  sorts  of  rubbish.  Grain-shocks 
are  a  favorite  haunt  for  them  and  since  twine  has  been  used  for  binding, 
the  crickets  have  been  quite  troublesome  hy  cutting  the  bands,  During 
the  late  Summer. and  Fall  the  females  commence  preparations  for  the 
continuance  of  their  kind,  by  thrusting  their  long  slender  ovipositors  into 
the  loose  soil  and  dropping  their  eggs.  These  sometimes  hatch  the  same 
year  but  as  a  rule  lie  over  until  the  fullowing  Spring.  The  ^oung  gen- 
eralh'  live  above  ground  wheie  they  hide  among  fallen  leaves,  grasses 
and  other  debris,  though  sometimes  they  also  creep  into  chinks  and 
crevices  in  the  earth."'  If  I  am  not  mistaken  the  description  jiist  quoted 
applies  to  no  single  species.  The  burrow-making  species  is  G.  pennsyl- 
Viviicus  Burm.,  or,  if  this  name  is  as  Saussure  believes  only  a  synonym, 
G.  luctuosus  Serv.  The  social  crickets  are  G.  ahbreviatus  Serv.,  and 
neglectus  Scud.,  which  is  probably  a  variety  of  Serville's  species.  Briefly 
recounted,  \h&Xi[t\\\'iiox\  o'i  abbreviahis  is  as  follows ;  The  eggs  hatch 
in  this  latitude  in  July,  and  the  first  adults  appear  as  early  as  the  second 
week  in  August.  During  every  stage  of  life  they  are  social,  feeding  to- 
gether, seeking  shelter  in  company,  and  when  egg-laying  times  comes, 
in  October,  the  females  collect  by  hundreds  in  some  suitable  locality,  an 
abandoned  or  little  used  roadway  suits  them  well,  where  they  deposit 
their  eggs,  each"  female  laying  several  hundred,  in  an  irregular  mass. 
After  this  duty  is  performed  their  business  on  this  planet  seems  to  be 
finished  and  they  succumb  to  the  increasing  cold,  none  surving  the 
Winter.  The  eggs  do  not  hatch  until  the  following  Julv  or  if  in  rare 
cases  they  do  hatch,  the  larvae  probably  perish  with  cold.  In  Florida 
Gryllus  luctuosus  Serv.,  attains  its  growth  in  December.  Gryllus penn- 
sylvanicus,  probably  the  short-winged  form  o^  luctuosus,  is,  so  far  as  I 
know,  not  found  m  the  Southern  States,  and  in  the  Middle  States  it  does 
not  have  time  to  complete  its  metamorphoses  in   the  Fall,   and  conse- 


— 102 — 

quentJy  survives  the  Winter  in  the  larval  and  pupal  stages.  In  the  Spring 
it  soon  Completes  its  transformations  and  by  the  first  of  June  its  note  is 
heard.  The)'  dig  burrows  and  these  they  occupy  probably  as  long  as 
they  live.  During  the  months  of  June  and  July  the  meadows  and 
pastures  and  especially  the  wood  pastures  are  tilled  with  the  music  of 
their  song.  Ordinarily  in  favorite  haunts  every  square  rod  will  contain 
at  least  one  burrow  and  these  burro  \'s  are  of  course  frequently  much 
more  abundant.  The  males  never  seem  to  stray  away  from  their  homes 
in  the  day-time  and  are  often  found  smging  just  wiihin  the  entrance. 
Where  their  eggs  are  laid,  or  when,  I  have  never  been  able  to  discover, 
but  I  have  never  seen  the  young  before  September,  so  that  the  eggs  are 
probably  laid  about  the  time  that  G.  abbreviatus  Serv. ,  are  hatching. 
Gryllus  pe.nnsylvanicus  Burm.,  is  so  far  as  I  have  observed  never  a  social 
species,  not  even  in  the  feeding  stage.  GrvUiis  abbreviatus  Serv.,  are 
always  social  and  never  burrow-inhabiting,  although  it  is  very  probable 
that  they  make  occasional  use  of  the  burrows  of  their  congeners.  Mr. 
Scudder  says  in  his  "Distribution  of  Insects  of  New  Hampshire," — "At 
Jet!erson  in  1867  no  chirp  of  a  cricket  was  heard  until  Aug.  12,  although 
they  often  commence  their  song  in  Massachusetts  in  June."  If  I  am 
right  this  absence  of  the  cricket  serenade  in  New  Hampshire  during  the 
months  of  June  and  July  and  early  August  is  accounted  for  by  the  fact 
that  this  locality  is  north  of  the  range  of  G.  pennsylvanicus.  This  species 
has  not  been  I  think  reported  from  Canada,  and  Gryllus  luctuosus  Serv., 
is  rare,  so  that  if  I  have  not  erred  there  should  not  be  heard  anything 
more  than  an  occasional  cricket  chirp  in  that  part  of  North  America  be- 
fore the  middle  of  August.  It  may  be  well  to  add  in  conclusion  that  the 
only  invariable  and  easily  recognized  difference  between  the  two  species 
is  that  in  the  female  of  G.  pentisylvajiicus  the  ovipositor  is  decidedly 
shorter  than  the  body,  including  the  head  ;  in  G.  abbreviatus  this  organ 
is  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  the  insect  itself. 

There  are  five  species  of  CEcanthus,  or  tree  crickets,  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  United  States  and  these  are  widely  distributed  over  North 
America.  Two,  (Ecanthus  fasciatus  Fitch,  and  CEcanthus  angustipennis 
Fitch,  have  generally  been  considered  varieties  of  CEcanthus  tiiveus  De 
Geer,  but  t«o  years  observation  of  this  genus  has  led  me  to  conclude 
that  they  are  quite  distinct  in  structure,  habits  and  song,  and  they  must 
therefore  rank  as  species.  The  last  named  species  can  be  distinguished 
from  the  two  former  by  its  broader  wing  covers,  the  width  of  the  dorsal 
field  com[)ared  with  the  length  being  about  one  to  two  in  niveus,  as  well 
as  in  CEcanthus  latipennis  Rilev,  one  to  three  in  atigustipennis,  and  two 
to  five  \w  fasciatus.  The  average  of  these  dimensions  is  in  the  first  men- 
tioned species  .  26  to  .54  inches ;  in  the  second  .30  to  .62  inches  ;  in  the 
third  .  16  to  .44  inches  and  in  the  last .  18  to  .46  inches.  Niveris  can  usu- 
ally be  distinguished  from  all  the  other  species  by  its  color  which  is  ivory 
white,  with  almost  no  perceptable  infusion  of  green  in  the  male  but  the 
elytra  of  the  female  may  be  quite  decidedly  green.  In  angustipennis  the 
male  as  well  as  the  female  probably  is  deeply  suffused  with  green.  In 
fasciatus  the  greenish  tint  is  also  predominant  in  the  wings  and  elytra, 
while  the  other  parts  of  the  insect  vary  in  color  from  uniform  deep  black 
to  ivory  white  varied  with  fuscous  or  black.  In  typically  colored  speci- 
mens however  the  head  and   pronotum   are   whitish   with  three  distinct 


I 


— 103— 

fiiscniiS  or  Mack  stripes  extending,  one  over  the  top  of  the  head  and  pro- 
notum  and  the  other  two  on  the  lateral  lobes  of  the  pronotum  and  upon 
the  sides  of  the  head.  Laiipenms  differs  in  coloration  distinctly  from  the 
two  last  mentioned  species  but  only  slightly  from  niveus.  Like  the  latter 
its  general  color  is  ivory  white  with  the  elytra  perfectly  transparent,  but 
it  is  distinct  from  niveus  and  the  other  two  species  in  having  the  head  and 
the  basal  half  of  the  antennas  suffused  with  pink  or  light  brown.  It  also 
lacks  very  generally  if  not  always,  the  fuscous  spots  which  are  always 
found  upon  the  lower  face  of  the  two  basal  joints  of  the  antennae.  Niveus 
is  farther  distinguished  from  all  other  species  by  its  proportionally  longer 
maxillarv  palpi.  This  disproportion  is  rnost  apparent  in  the  ultnnate  joint 
which  is  not  only  relatively  but  actually  longer  than  the  same  joint  in 
latipennis,  a  decidedly  larger  insect.  These  dimensions  are  for  the  two 
species  mentioned  respectively:  fifth  joint  1.5  mm.  and  1.4  mm;  fourth 
joint  1.3  mm.  and  1.3  mm.;  third  joint  1.6  mm.  and  1.7  mm.  Finally 
in  niveus  the  outer,  or  fourth,  curved  oblique  nerve  at  the  base  of  the 
elytra  is  more  angular  than  in  any  of  the  other  species  and  consequently 
the  space  between  the  third  and  fourth  nerves,  which  in  the  other  species 
is  about  equal  in  width  to  the  space  between  the  first  and  second  and  the 
second  and  third,  is  in  niveus  much  greater.  In  addition  to  the  distinct- 
ions already  mentioned,  y^z5art/?«  has  longer  antennselhan  the  other  spe- 
cies have,  these  organs  being  more  than  tw'o  and  one-half  times  the  length 
of  the  insect.  It  is  also  remarkable  for  having  the  longer  series  of  spines 
at  the  tip  of  the  posterior  tibiae  very  large,  for  this  genus,  strong  and  acute. 
The  ovipositor  of  the  female  is  also  distinct  from  the  perfectly  straight 
ovipositor  of  «?t'^?/5  in  being  plainly  turned  up  at  the  tip.  Finally  the 
maxillary  palpi  (.ifter  distinct  specific  characters  in  the  proportionally  short 
fourth  joint  and  in  the  shape  of  the  fifth  joint  which  is  subclavate  instead 
of  fusiform  as  in  the  other  species.  Angustipennis  differs  from  the  other 
forms  in  its  small  head  and  slender  pronotum,  which  in  the  female,  especi- 
all}',  is  decidedly  narrowed  anteriorly,  instead  of  being  equal  in  w^idth 
throughout  as  in  the  females  o{  niveus  and  iatipennis.  The  hind  legs  are 
also  proportionally  longer  and  more  slender,  and  the  post  tibial  apical 
spines  are  so  weak  as  to  be  somewhat  difficult  to  distinguish  with  the 
unaided  eye.  These  species  differ  from  one  another  in  song  as  markedly 
as  in  structure.  That  o{  niveus  is  the  well-known  irrr-ree,  trrr-ree,  re- 
peated without  variation  or  pause  sixty  or  seventy  times  in  a  minute.  In 
the  vicinity  of  Davenport  this  song  is  heard  as  early  as  the  twenty-third 
of  July  and  it  continues  until  the  persistent  little  singers  are  killed  by  the 
heavy  frosts  of  late  Fall.  This  song  is  heard  only  at  night  and  occasion- 
ally on  cloudy  days  but  in  the  latter  case  it  is  only  an  isolated  song  and 
never  the  full  chorus  of  the  night-song  whose  vibrations  in  exact  unison 
produce  that  "rhythmic  beat"  as  Burroughs  has  happily  phrased  it, 
which  is  so  characteristic.  It  is  the  effect  of  many  united  songs  that  has 
led  the  same  author  to  speak  of  "purring  crickets."  Thoreau  calls  it 
the  "slumbrous  breathing"  and  the  "  intenser  dream"  of  crickets,  but 
Hawthorne  has  given  it  a  still  more  spiritual  interpretation.  He  describes 
it  as  "  audible  stillness,"  and  declares  that  "if  moonlight  could  be  heard 
it  would  sound  like  that."  Prof  C  V.  Riley  says  of  the  song  of  Iati- 
pennis that  it  is  continuous  and  recalls  the  trilling  of  a  high-pitched  dog- 
whistle  in  the  distance."     He  also  says   "The  commingled  shrill  of  this 


— 104 — 

species  recalls  also  the  distant  croaking  of  frogs  in  the  Spring."  The 
song  oi fasciatus  is  also  a  high  trill  continuing  usually  for  several  minutes 
but  the  length  of  the  note  is  very  variable  as  is  the  interval  between  the 
notes.  It  sings  all  day  as  well  as  all  night,  in  the  bright  sunshine  as 
well  as  on  cloudy  days  and  in  the  dusk  of  evening.  Angiistipennis  has 
a  song  which  resembles  that  oS.  fasciaUis  in  some  degree,  but  it  is  very 
much  fainter  and  lasts  only  from  three  to  five  seconds  with  an  equal 
interval  between  the  trills.  Mr.  Scudder  says*  of  the  song  of  niveus  : 
"The  day-song  of  this  insect  is  exceedingly  shrill  and  may  be  repres- 
ented by  the  following  figure  [a  musical  notation  representing  a  trill] 
though  the  notes  vary  in  rapidity.  When  slowest  they  are  about  sixteen 
to  a  second.  The  song  is  of  varied  length,  sometimes  lasting  but  two  or 
three  seconds,  sometimes  continuing  a  minute  or  two  uninteruptedly  ; 
it  is  a  nearly  uniform  equally  sustained  trill,  but  the  insect  often  com- 
mences its  note  at  a  different  pitch  from  the  normal  one  as  if  it  required 
a  little  practice  to  attain  it.  When  singing  the  tegmina  are  raised  at  fully 
a  right  angle  to  the  body.  The  night-song  consists  oi  thrr  repeated  in- 
cessantly, three  parts  of  song  and  one  of  rest  in  every  three  seconds." 
The  "day-song"  described  by  Mr.  Scudder  seems  to  be  the  song  of 
fasciatus,  while  the  "night-song"  is  a  good  description  of  that  oiangusti- 
pennis.  In  conclusion  latipennis,  according  to  Prof  Riley,  generally 
chooses  the  tender  shoots  of  the  grape  in  which  to  lay  its  eggs,  while 
niveus  prefers  the  raspberry  or  blackberry,  but. is  much  less  particular 
than  the  first  mentioned  species  and  frequently  Liys  its  eggs  in  the  tender 
twigs  of  several  other  shrubs  and  trees.  Both  of  these  species  as  well  as 
angustipennis  prefer  cultivated  ground,  but  fasciatus  is  comparatively 
rare  in  such  localities  but  is  abundant  along  weedy  roadsides  and  hedges 
and  in  meadows  overgrown  with  rank  weeds.  The  females  are  abundant 
in  late  Summer  and  early  Fall  on  the  various  species  of  Solidago  and 
Heliaiithis  particularly  when  these  grow  about  the  edges  of  meadows  and 
cornfields.  Walker's  species  CEcanthus  7iigricornis  is,  I  think,  nothing 
more  than  a  long-winged  dark  variety  of  fasciatus.  Specimens  of  the 
latter  with  wings  extending  beyond  the  elytra  as  much  as  .  i6  of  an  inch 
are  not  uncommon,  and  as  Walker"s  description  does  not  contain  other 
plain  characters  his  name  should  give  way  to  the  older  one  of  Fitch.  I  he 
last  of  the  five  species  referred  to  at  the  beginning  of  this  paper  is  (Ecoft- 
thus  bipunctatus  DeGeer.  It  is  at  once  distinguished  from  the  other 
species  of  the  genus  by  the  lower  margm  of  the  lateral  lobes  which  is 
emarginate  in  the  middle  instead  of  straight  or  slightly  convex  and  by  the 
spotted  elytra.  I  am  not  acquainted  with  its  song  and  it  has  never,  I 
think,  been  described. 


Society  News. 

Brooklyn  Entomological  Society. — Feb.^tJi,  1888. — 16  persons  present. 
The  Curators  reported  the  arrangements  tor  the  Exhibition  of  specimens  on  February 
14th.  Mr.  Weeks  gave  some  notes  on  the  methods  of  collecting  RhynchopJwra  and 
on  the  food  habits  of  several  species.  Mr.  Jiilich  added  notes  on  Aphrastus  tisniatus 
and  other  species  observed  by  him. — March  jth,  /SSg.  — 17  persons  present.  The 
Report  of  the  Exhibition  Committee  was  presented  and  adopted,  and  considerable 
discussion  as  to  the  cabinets  and  boxes  to  be  adopted  for  the  Society  was  had.  A 
large  mass  of  routine  business  was  disposed  of.  The  food  and  other  habits  of  local 
Cej-ambycidcc  were  discussed  by  Messrs.  Weeks,  Dietz,  Hulst,  Angell  and  Meeske. 

*  Boston  Journal  of  Natural  History,  Vol.  VII,  No.  IV,  pp.  365  and  366. 


Entomologica  Americana— Vol.  V. 


Plate  II. 


AmeriqAna 


VOL.  V. 


BROOKLYN,  JUNE,  1889, 


NO.  6. 


CONTRIBUTIONS    TOWARD    A    MONOGRAPH 

OF    THE    NOCTUIDiE    OF    TEMPERATE 

NORTH  AMERICA. 

By  John  li.   Smith. 


It  is  innv  -everal  years  since  I  first  began  the  study  of  the  North 
American  Nocltndce,  with  the  intention  of  eventually  producing  a  mono- 
graphic work  on  the  species.  In  this  intention  I  was  entouraged  by  the 
assistance  of  Lepidopterists  generally,  and  hist  began  where  I  ought  to 
have  ended — with  a  critical  review  of  the  genera  of  our  fauna.  This  was 
published  in  the  Bulletin  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society,  and 
the  work,  crude  at  best,  gained  nothing  from  the  fragmentary  manner 
of  publication.  Yet  the  paper  was  a  useful  one,  since  we  had  nothing 
of  the  kind  previously,  and  it  has  formed  a  basis  upon  which  new  ex- 
perience has  been  continually  added,  and  will  continue  to  be  added, 
until  such  time  as  a  new  and  more  complete  work,  covering  the  same 
subject,  can  be  produced.  Since  that  time  I  have  published  on  the 
Helioihince  in  the  Transactions  of  the  .American  Entomologxal  Societ\\ 
and  have  described  a  few  species,  mosdy  in  the  Prc)Ceeilings  of  the 
United  States  National  Museum.  About  six  years  ago  I.  was  employed 
by  Prof.  Riley  as  a  field  agent  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricultuie, 
to  make  observations  for  the  Entomological  Division.  Prof  Riley  was 
greatly  interested  in  the  work  I  had  begun,  and  gave  me  every  assi'-iance 
and  encouragment  in  his  power.  As  many  of  the  species  were  injurious, 
and  he  had  already  worked  out  the  habiis  of  a  large  number  and  had 
notes  on  many  more,  we  finally  agreed  upon  a  ct)njoint  work  on  the 
family,  which  might  be  published  by  the  Government,  and  which  should 
contain  a  full  summary  of  all  obtainable  information  original  and  com- 

Entomologica  Americana.    Vol.  v.  1  June  1889. 


—  io6 — 

piled,  and  be  abundantly  illustrated  with  colored  figures.  Work  with 
this  object  in  view  was  steadily  continued  for  a  time.  Prof.  Riley  and  I 
worked  as  well  as  we  couUi  apart,  on  the  lines  agreed  upon  between  us, 
and  a  great  lot  of  manuscript  was  gradually  accumulated  which  it  was 
intended  should  be  worked  up  and  completed  when  we  could  get  at  the 
labor  together. 

The  opportunity  for  this  closer  co-laboration  seemed  to  offer  when 
I  became  Assistant  Curator  in  the  Department  of  Insects  of  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum  at  Washington,  but  I  soon  found  myself  fully  em- 
ployed otherwisf,  and  Prof.  Riley,  what  with  ill  health  and  his  numerous 
other  duties,  found  less  and  less  time  to  give  to  the  conjoint  work,  so 
that  the  monogra|)h  originally  proposed  was  never  completed.  Aside 
from  these  C(in>iderations,  other  influences  helped  to  dampen  our  ardor 
in  prosecuting  the  work  to  final  issue.  One  was  Prof.  Riley's  excessive 
caution  and  the  desire  of  getting  at  a/l  ihe  information  known  and  un- 
known concerning  a  species,  which  tended  to  check  rapid  work,  the 
other  the  difficulty,  if  not  impossibility,  of  getting  a  sufficient  appro- 
priation for  the  publication  of  a  monograph  so  elaborately  illustrated  as 
we  had  planned  this  should  be. 

I  found  time  iiowever,  in  the  midst  of  other  work  to  prepare  a 
number  of  descriptions,  and  to  make  use  of  the  excellent  library  facilities 
at  hand,  and  accumulated  a  great  lot  of  material  of  use  when  systematic 
work  should  again  become  possible.  When,  recently,  I  accepted  the 
position  of  Professor  of  Entomology  at  Rutgers  College  and  Entomo- 
logist to  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  of  New^  Jersey,  it  was 
agreed  between  Piot.  Riley  and  myself  that  the  joint  work  as  originally 
plataned  should  be  abandoned,  and  that,  while  mutual  co-operation 
should  continue,  the  results  should  be  publishetl  jis  most  convenient. 
It  was  realized  that  the  fauna  is  not  yet  sufficientl)'  known  to  enable  a 
work  to  be  carried  on  (or  several  years  vviihoui  antiquating  the  beginning 
before  the  end  was  reacheil,  as  new  material  from  new  regions  was  con- 
stantly turning  up.  In  consequence  I  shall,  under  the  title  of  this  paper, 
and  ihe  sub-iitle  of  the  pait:cular  genus  or  group  treated,  publish  as  fast 
as  thev  can  be  revised,  the  studies  made  by  me  on  the  NuciiddcB,  omitting 
only  certain  special  groups  and  genera  which  Prof  Riley  has  more  par- 
ticularly worked  upon.  No  particular  order  will  be  observed,  and  no 
one  publication  will  be  selected  for  all  the  papers,  but  so  far  as  possible 
each  paper  will  be  complete  in  itself,  save  when  special  considerations 
render  advance  publications  of  fragments  desirable.  The  material  npon 
which  these  studies  are  made  is  principally  in  the  National  Museum, 
but  Messrs.  Hy.  Edwards,  E.  L.  Graef,  Geo.  D.  Hulst,  B.  Neumoegen, 
Fred.  Tepper,  A.  W.  P.  Cramer,  J.  Doll,  Geo.  Frank,  and  many  others 


—  toy — 

have  kindly  placed  at  my  disposal  such  material  as  I  needed,  and  to 
them  I  give  sincere  thanks  for  the  assistance  rendered  me.  Prof.  Riley's 
material  I  have  constantly  used  as  tny  own,  and  owing  to  the  many  bred 
specimens  contained  in  it,  it  was  most  valuable  in  deciding  specific 
limitations.  Finally  I  would  ask  all  those  who  are  interested  in  this 
family  and  desire  to  aid  me  in  future  work  to  send  me  for  study  such 
local  material  as  may  be  most  abumlant  with  them.  Everyl]mig,  even 
the  most  common  species  are  desirable.  I  will  gladlv  name  in  return, 
all  those  forms  which  thev  mav  find  difiricult\-  in  identifving. 


Some  Modifications  in  the  Leg  Structure 
of  Deltoid  Genera. 

Among  the  most  interesting  groups  of  the  Kociuida;,  are  the  Delloids. 
The  group  has  been  variously  referred  to  the  Pyra/idiP  or  Noctuidce,  but 
seems  to  me  better  placed  with  the  latter.  Ii  is  a  very  decidedly  peculiar 
one,  offering  many  striking  characters,  \et  impossible  of  such  definition 
at  present,  tliat  family  rank  can  be  accorded  to  it.  The  genera  and 
species  were  among  the  first  studied  by  me,  and  the  manuscript  is  over 
four  years  old.  Since  it  was  written  I  have  seen  many  more  specimens, 
and  have  been  able  to  complete  my  knowledge  of  species.  In  conse- 
quence the  work  must  be  largely  re-written  to  bring  it  up  to  my  present 
knowledge.  One  of  the  mo>t  attractive  features  of  the  study  of  this 
group  was  found  in  the  secondary  se.\ual  characters,  and  more  parti- 
cularly those  tuftings  of  the  fore  legs  which  might  be  considered  as  scent 
organs.  Striking  as  these  structures  are,  they  have  been  completely  over- 
looked, only  the  most  casual  references  to  them  being  found,  and  while 
the  similar  though  diflerently  placed  tuftings  in  the  Sphingidte  were  care- 
fully studied,  the  beautiful  characters  of  the  Deltoids  recived  no  attention. 
I  first  gave  a  sketch  of  these  structures  at  the  Philadelphia  meeting  of 
the  A.  A.  A.  S. ,  before  the  EntomoloLrical  Club,  and  afterwards  called 
attention  to  them  before  the  Biological  Society  of  Washington.  On  these 
occasions  I  also  called  attention  to  some  C)f  the  peculiarities  of  antennal 
structure,  which  will  not  be  considered  here.  In  view  of  the  fact  that  it 
will  be  some  time  before  the  revision  of  my  manuscripts  can  be  com- 
pleted, and  of  the  interesting  and  important  nature  of  these  structures,  I 
have  concluded  to  publish  in  advance  of  the  systematic  poition  of  my 
work,  a  brief  description  of  the  more  prominent  modifications,  aiding 
the  verbal  descriptions  by  figures. 

In  the  more  typical  genera  o(  the  Xociuidce  -the  7ion  fasciat.n  o^Vlw 
Grote — we  find  little  in  the  way  of  secondary  sexual  character--,  while  as 
a  rule  the  primary  characters  are  well  developed  and  sj)ecifically  peculiar. 


—  io8— 

In  the /ascici/ce  on  the  contrary,  the  primary  characters  become  indefinite, 
weak,  hardly  worthy  of  close  siudy,  while  the  tendency  to  secondary 
characters  becomes  marked.  There  is  an  especial  leaning  to  tufiings  or 
other  modifications  of  the  legs,  many  of  which  have  long  been  known, 
but — as  in  the  case  of  Catocala — have  been  only  recently  brought  to  the 
attention  of  entomologists.  Remigia  latipes  indicates  by  its  name  the 
effects  of  the  tibial  and  tarsal  tufiings,  while  under  the  name  Cupioc7temia, 
Zeller  described  as  a  De/loid  \\\e  contorted  and  tufted  posterior  tibia  of 
Pleoneciyptera  Grote.  In  the  Deltoid  genera  the  modifications  of  leg 
structure  are  confined  lo  the  anterior  pair,  and  extend  to  a  complete 
change  in  the  type  of  the  structure.  In  Hypena  and  Bomolocha  there  is 
little  modification.  The  coxae  are  grooved  to  allow  the  femur  to  be 
closely  applied  to  it,  the  femur  is  a  mere  shell  into  which  the  tibia  can 
be  almost  completely  concealed.  The  tarsi  are  normal,  and  the  tibial 
epiphysis  is  close  to  the  base  of  that  joint,  and  of  rather  small  size.  The 
figure  (i)  shows  the  fore  leg  ol  Plathypena*  scabra. 

Megachyta  lituralis  indicates  the  type  more  usually  found  in  the 
Herminiincz.  The  coxa  is  a  mere  shell,  concave  anteriorly  to  receive 
the  convexity  of  the  femur,  which  has  a  brush  of  comparatively  short 
hair  near  the  base,  at  rest  folded  into  the  concavity  of  the  under  side. 
The  tibia  is  modified  into  a  flat  chitinous  process  which  begins  at  the 
epiphysis,  the  first  tarsal  joint  being  here  inserted,  and  nearly  equalling 
in  length  the  femur.  This  chitinous  process  of  the  tibia  is  clothed  with 
long  scales  and  hair,  but  no  tuft  or  pencil  of  hair.  This  structure  is 
shown  at  figure-  2,  and  marks  the  simplest  form  of  this  type. 

Chytolita  morbidalis  is  after  the  same  general  type,  but  marks  an  im- 
portant change.  The  coxa  is  as  before,  but  there  is  a  pencil  of  longhair 
inserted  at  the  base,  renting  in  the  concavity,  and  capable  of  being  spread 
fan-like.  The  femur  here  has  the  concavity  upward,  and  at  the  tip  is  a 
thick  pencil  of  long  hair  spreading  out  fandike,  as  in  the  figure,  and 
normally  reposing  in  the  concavity.  The  tibial  structure  is  as  before, 
save  that  the  clothing  of  hair  is  much  longer  and  mote  dense,  much 
more  so  than  shown  in  the  figure  (fig.  3).  The  ist  tarsal  joint  is  long  as 
in  Megachy/a.  When  in  repose,  the  pencils  of  hair  folded,  the  femur 
closely  ap[)ressed  to  the  coxa,  no  part  of  this  structure  is  visible,  and  the 
tibial  process  meeting  the  casual  view  and  densely  clothed,  is  usually 
considered  the  lolded  tufi.  The  structure  in  some  European  Herrninia 
is  identical,  or  nearlv  so. 


*  In  this  paper  I  use  the  generic  terms  used  in  Mr.  Grote's  catalogue  as  a  matter 
of  convenience,  since  synonymical  matter  is  better  left  to  the  systematic  part  of  the 
work. 


— 109 — 

Zanclogna/ha  (fig.  4,  IcEvigata)  marks  another  advance  on  this  type 
of  structure.  The  coxa  as  to  form  and  tufting  is  much  as  before,  but 
stouter.  The  femur  still  convex  below,  concave  above,  is  dilated  about 
one-third  from  base,  wiiile  the  apex  is  thick,  obtusely  rounded.  A  heavy 
pencil  of  long  hair,  making  a  beautiful  fan  when  fully  expanded,  is  in- 
serted in  the  concavity,  near  the  tip.  Somewhat  within  the  tip  beneath, 
are  inserted  the  modifications  of  the  tibia.  The  epiphysis  is  here  only 
united  at  the  extreme  base  with  the  tibial  process,  which  assumes  a 
shield-like  form,  widest  before  the  middle  and  narrowing  to  a  rounded- 
tip.  The  first  tarsal  joint  is  now  also  involved  in  the  modification,  and 
is  hoUovv^ed  out  beneath  theprotecting  tibial  process.  Its  point  of  in- 
sertion becomes  merged  at  the  base  with  the  insertion  of  tibia.  In  ac- 
cord A'ith  the  modification  of  the  first  tarsal  joint,  the  other  joints  begin 
to  shorten,  until  they  do  not  equal  in  their  combined  length  the  length 
of  the  fir.>t  joint. 

Pityolila  pedipilalis  (fig.  5)  while  essentially  similar  to  the  preceding 
marks  a  further  advance  ox  change  in  structure.  At  the  point  on  the 
femur  indicated  by  a  dilation  in  Z.  Icevigata,  we  find  here  a  pitted  surface, 
surrounded  and  beset  by  long  scale-like  hair  somewhat  enlarged  at  tip. 
The  tuftings  are  more  dense,  the  hair  and  scales  of  the  tibial  process 
longer,  while  the  tarsal  joints  from  2  to  5  become  still  shorter. 

With  Philometra  longilabris  (fig.  6)  we  enter  into  the  bizarre,  but 
still  on  the  same  line  of  modification.  The  coxa  is  much  reduced  in 
size,  a  mere  shell,  and  not  tufted.  The  femur  is  long,  slender,  also  a 
mere  shell  convex  above,  reverting  thus  to  the  Megachyta  type,  and  en- 
tirely without  tuftings.  Attached  to  these  frail  supports,  is  a  most  extra- 
ordinary development  of  tibia  and  tarsus.  There  is  here  a  distinct  tibia 
with  an  enormous  epiphysis  at  base,  exceeding  in  size  the  shank  of  the 
tibia.  To  this  shank  however  is  attached  a  huge  process,  still  retaining 
the  general  form  indicated  in  previous  genera,  but  exaggerated  in  each 
dimension.  This  process  is  furnished  with  a  pencil  of  hair  on  the  upper 
side  near  its  base,  and  is  densely  clothed  with  long  hair  and  scales. 
From  the  interior  of  this  development  issues  the  first  tarsal  joint,  fully  as 
long  and  much  stouter  than  the  femur,  and  excavated  in  front  where  it 
is  protected  by  the  tibial  process.  To  this  exaggerated  first  joint  are 
added  four  small  additional  joints,  as  a  whole  not  equal  to  one-fourth 
the  length  of  the  first  joint. 

Liiognatha  nubilifascia  {^%.  7).  caps  the  climax  of  development  in 
this  line,  and  presents  a  re-arrangement  of  parts,  scarcely  indicated,  even 
in  Philometra.  The  coxa  is  stout,  and  of  moderate  length,  the  apical 
half  excavated  in  front  and  furnished  with  a  tuft  of  rather  short  hair. 
The  femur  is  long  and  slender,  apparently  a  complete  shank  and  not  a 


— no — 

mere  shell,  and  not  tufted  in  any  way.  To  this  is  attached  the  tibia  joint 
which  is  short  and  stout,  dilated  basally,  the  underside  of  the  dilated 
portion  modified  into  a  rounded  cushion  or  pad  with  a  pitted  surface  set 
with  short  hair.  The  upper  side  is  furnished  with  a  tuft  of  long  hair, 
spreading  fan-like.  To  the  end  of  this  joint  are  attached  the  epiphj-sis 
and  the  shield-like  process,  similar  in  shape,  but  the  latter  very  much 
the  larger  and  densely  clothed  with  long  hair  and  scales.  The  tarsi  are 
entirely  wanting.  When  this  unique  structure  is  folded  up  and  closely 
appressed  to  the  thorax  its  peculiarities  are  entirely  marked.  In  the  con- 
generic Pallachira  biviitata  Mr.  Grote  evidently  had  a  specimen  with 
partly  extended  legs  for  he  remarks  that  the  fore  legs  seem  aborted. 

In  Bleptina  caradritialis  (fig.  8)  we  find  the  extreme  of  a  somewhat 
dilTerent  type  of  structure.  The  coxa  is  moderate  in  lengtii,  a  mere  shell; 
the  femur  is  very  long  and  is  a  flat  plate  with  the  edges  slightly  bent  over 
at  sides,  "i'he  tibia  is  short,  stout,  with  a  moderate  epiphysis  and  a  very 
long  process  from  the  tip,  gradually  narrowing  to  a  point.  The  first 
tarsal  joint  is  very  long,  slightly  exceeding  in  length  the  tibial  process, 
and  between  the  two,  attached  to  the  inner  side  of  the  process  at  base, 
is  a  pencil  of  hair  reaching  to  its  tip.  The  rernaining  tarsal  joints  are 
together  rather  more  than  half  as  long  as  the  first.  When  the  tibial  pro- 
cess is  appressed  to  the  first  tarsal  joint,  no  trace  is  visible,  either  uf  the 
pencil  of  hair  or  of  the  abnormal  length  of  the  tarsal  joint. 

In  Renia  (fig.  9)  there  is  a  decrease  of  modification.  The  tibia  is 
more  normally  proportioned,  the  process  shorter,  and  the  tuftings  are 
reduced  to  a  small  brush  at  the  base  of  the  inner  side. 

In  Torticodes  (fig.  10)  there  is  a  still  further  reduction  in  the  modi- 
fication, and  no  brush  of  hair. 

Finally  in  Epizeuxis  (fig.  11)  the  leg  structure  is  nearly  normal,  the 
femur  being  clavate,  and  excavated  beneath  so  as  to  receive  the  tibia. 

In  Palthis  (fig.  12)  the  male  palpus  is  peculiarly  modified  to  ac- 
comodate a  great  tuft  of  hair — much  greater  than  indicated  in  the  figure 
— but  this  is  given  merely  as  an  illustration  of  a  different  location  for 
these  tuftings. 

What  is  the  purpose  of  these  structures?  That  they  have  a  purpose 
must  be  assumed,  and  as  they  occur  in  the  male  only  they  may  be  taken 
as  matter  of  sexual  importance,  especially  as  they  are  accompanied  by 
striking  antennal  modifications  which  I  will  describe  at  another  opport- 
unity. Mtiller  and  others  consider  them  scent  organs,  and  this  explana- 
tion is  the  only  one  that  has  any  appearance  of  reason.  In  Hepialus 
hecta  the  cellular  structure  of  the  modified  tibia  has  been  examined,  and 
large  gland-like  cells  have  been  made  out.  In  some  of  my  preparations 
I  am  very  certain  a  similar  structure  can  be  made  out,  but  the  mounted 


— Ill — 

specimens  were  not  prepared  for  such  investigations  and  I  cannot  be 
sure.  There  is  an  excellent  field  here  for  the  histologist  or  close  anatom- 
ical student,  rather  than  for  the  mere  systematist  to  whom  structure  is 
valuable  mainly  from  the  assistance  it  gives  him  in  the  classification  of 
ihe  specimens. 

EXPLANATION  OF  PLATE. 

I — Fore  leg  of  Plathypena  scabra,  (^ . 

2 —  "  "  Mt'gachyta  lituralis,  (^. 

3 —  "  "  Ckytolita  morhidalis,  (^ . 

4—  "  "  Zanclognatfia  Iccvigata,  ^. 

5—  "  "  Pityolita  pedipilalis,   r^. 

6  -    "  "  Philometra  longilabris,  (^. 

7 —  "  "  Litognatha  nubilifascia,  (^. 

8—  "  "  Bleptina  caradrinalis,   (^ , 
9 — Fore  tiliia  of  Rimia  sp.,    (^ . 

10-     "         "  Tortricodes  bijidalis,  t^. 

II  —  Fore  leg  of  Epizeuxis  amiila,  (^ . 
12 — Palpus  of  Paltfiis  angulalis,   r^ . 


A  Plague  of  Psocids 


Somewhere  recently, — I  think  in  "Insect  Life,"  but  have  not  the 
paper  handy — there  appeared  an  account  of  an  invasion  of  Psocids, 
which  it  was  found  almost  impossible  to  get  rid  of  Two  exactly  similar 
cases  came  under  my  notice  in  New  Jersey,  but  a  few  days  ago,  causing 
con^iderable  dismay  since  they  were  considered  small  forms  oi Pediculiis 
vestimenti  left  as  a  legacy  by  tramps  who  had  been  sheltered.  They  ap- 
peared suddenly  and  in  immense  numbers,  covering  the' beds,  invading 
clothes  presses,  congregating  on  the  walls  and  filling  corners.  The  neat 
housewife  was  dismayed,  and  every  remedy  known  in  the  battery  of 
housecleaning  was  brought  to  bear  upon  them.  The  slaughter  was 
great,  but  so  was  the  supply.  Of  course  the  supposed  cause  of  this  un- 
usual house-cleaning  was  carefully  kept  secret,  and  imparted  to  me  only 
in  the  strictest  confidence,  together  with  a  mutilated  specimen  for  exam- 
ination. Though  not  sufficiently  perfect  to  identify  the  species,  there 
was  enough  of  the  specimen  to  enlighten  me  as  to  the  nature  of  the 
attack,  and  to  enable  me  to  afford  consolation  and  advice.  I  have 
found  that  where  they  appeared  on  a  small  scale,  naphthaline  is  a 
sovereign  remedy  for  Psocids,  and  I  have  no  doubt  it  will  work  equally 
well  on  a  larger  scale. 


112 


Nemeophila  plantaginis,  Linn. 

By  David  Bruce. 

Brockpoit,  N.  Y. 


This  species  is  rather  common  at  Clear  Creek  and  Platte  Caiiuns, 
Colorado,  at  from  7,000  to  10,000  feet  elevation,  both  sexes  flying  rather 
briskly  by  day  in  June  and  July.  I  obtained  a  few  eggs  from  a  worn 
female,  and  reared  several  broods  in  succession,  carrying  a  number 
through  hibernation.  The  parent  female  had  yellow  and  black  under- 
wings  and  of  the  bred  examples  I  have  almost  every  possible  variation. 
Some  have  underwings  entirely  black  ;  some  black  with  one  white  spot, 
with  spot  and  band  ;  some  with  white  underwings  with  black  rays,  and 
many  with  yellow  instead  of  white  :  the  markings  and  colorations  of  the 
upper  wings  are  also  as  variable.  Of  course  all  this  proves  these  are  but 
one  species,  yet  I  have  not  seen  any  examples  exactly  like  the  typical 
form  of  A'^  plantaginis  from  Europe,  the  difference  being  about  as  per 
ceptible  as  that  between  Euprepia  americana  and  E.  caja. 

The  eggs  were  light  wax  yellow  and  hatched  in  8  days.  The  young 
larva;  were  dark  gray,  changing  to  jet  black  at  first  moult ;  at  third  moult 
a  brown  dorsal  patch  appeared  ;  when  full  grown  the  larvae  were  as  fol- 
lows :  Body  velvety  black,  rather  sparsely  covered  with  spreading  tufts 
of  fine,  stiff,  yet  silky  hairs,  springing  from  glittering  steel-like  tubercles. 
The  head  and  hairs  on  the  first  three  segments  jet  black.  A  cape-like 
patch  of  chestnut  colored  hairs  covers  the  median  third  of  back,  formed 
by  6  tufts  on  5th  and  6th  segments,  4  on  7th,  and  2  on  8th,  the  rest  of 
the  body  clothed  with  black  hairs,  becoming  longer  and  more  silky  on 
the  two  posterior  segments  and  a  few  long  white  hairs  are  mingled  with 
them.  The  lower  side  of  body  is  fringed  with  yellowish-brown  hairs 
from  two  tufts  on  each  segment  along  the  spiracles.  The  pro-legs  and 
underside  of  body  livid,  the  true  legs  jet  black. 

The  larva  fed  by  night,  basking  in  the  sun  by  day,  when  possible, 
and  are  the  most  lively  and  shy  of  my  Arctian  larvce,  dropping  to  the 
ground  and  quickly  hiding  if  disturbed.  They  also  have  a  trick  of  curl- 
ing themselves  and  suddenly  springing  open,  thus  jumping  several  inches 
off  the  food  plant.  When  full-fed  they  crawled  into  the  upper  corners 
of  the  breeding  cage  or  down  into  the  moss  indifierently,  formed  a  very 
slight  web,  and  pupated.  Imago  appearing  in  two  weeks.  I  fed  them 
on  narrow-leaved  plantain,  that  plant  not  dying  down  in  the  winter  like 
the  broad-leaved  species. 


Phycitidae  and  Galleriidae  of  North  America.     Some  New 

Species  and  a  General  Catalogue. 

By  E.   L.  Ragonot. 


Since  the  publication  of  Mr.  Grote's  Check  List  a  great  number  of 
North  American  Phycites  have  been  described  so  that  it  has  become 
necessary  to  give  a  general  catalogue  of  these  insects.  Thanks  to  the 
kindness  of  ]Mr.  Hulst  I  have  been  able  to  study  the  greater  number  of 
his  species  so  that  the  catalogue  which  follows  may  be  considered  as  re- 
visional  and  at  the  same  time  as  the  expression  of  my  views  on  the  classi- 
fication of  the  Phvcitida^.  All  the  species  have  been  studied  by  me  and  I 
hope  to  have  an  opp;)rtunity  of  seeing  the  rest  of  Mr.  Hulst's  species  and 
will  then  hasten  to  make  any  necessary  additions  and  corrections. 

The  following  four  species  are  new  to  science  : 

Myelois  subtetricella  Ras,'. 

19 — 22  mm.  Fore  wings  elongate,  ov.al,  very  narrow  at  base,  strongly  rounded 
on  costa,  dark  gray,  much  suffused  with  brownish,  glossy,  first  line  broad,  oblique, 
straight,  gray,  indistinct,  edged  outwardly  by  a  shadowy  blackish  line,  second  line 
hardly  perceptible,  oblique,  straight,  very  narrow,  hardly  paler  than  ground  color. 
A  dark  spot,  hardly  distinct  on  disk.  Hind  wings  transparent  whitish,  smoked  on 
margin.     Very  near  to  tetricella  F. 

Hab. — North  America,  exact  locality  unknown. 

Myelois  zonulella  Rag. 
22  mm.  Fore  wings  hardly  dilated  posteriorly,  pale  blackish  gray,  darker  in 
median  area,  lines  pale,  edged  with  black,  the  first  oblique,  straight,  extending  nearly 
to  the  middle  of  inner  margin,  very  broadly  edged  with  black  on  the  outside.  Second 
line  oblique,  sinuous.  Discal  spots  indistinct,  black.  Hind  wings  blackish  brown 
gray.  Smaller  than  bilineatella,  the  costa  and  inner  margin  nearly  parallel,  its  hind- 
wings  much  darker. 

Hab. — North  Illinois,  4  specimens  in  Grote's  coll.  in  Brit.  Mus. 

Acrobasis  minimella  Rag. 

13 — 14  mm.  fj) .  Fore  wings  short,  rounded  on  costa,  dark  gray  suffused  with 
purple,  paler  at  base,  a  large  black,  triangular  costal  patch  after  first  line,  the  median 
area  on  the  inner  margin  and  along  the  second  line  reddish  fuscous.  First  line  oblique, 
rounded  outwardly,  broadening  in  inner  margin,  reddish  ochreous,  preceeded  by  a 
vertical  rounded  ridge  of  raised  black  scales,  broad  on  the  inner  margin,  attenuated 
towards  the  costa  which  it  does  not  attain.  Second  line  pale,  sinuous,  distinct.  Dis- 
cal spots  distinct.  Hind  wings  grayish  fuscous.  Very  near  angusella,  remarkable 
liy  its  small  size. 

Hab. — Texas. 

Saluria  dichrceella  Rag. 

19  mm.  Fore  wings  oval,  narrow  at  base,  strongly  rounded  on  costa,  costal  half 
whitish,  sparingly  dusted  with  reddish  brown,  the  dorsal  half  grayish  brown  with  a 
reddish  tint,  paler  on  hind  margin  but  sharply  defined  and  rather  darker  along  the 
median  vein.  Hind  wings  even  pale  yellowish,  the  cilia  slightly  darker.  Resembles 
very  much  my  hipartileila  and  also  opacella  Hulst. 
Hab.  — Texas. 


—  114— 

The  species  of  Mr.  Grote's  Check  List  amounted  to  48,  the  present 
Catalogue  contains  178  and  5  varieties.  Most  of  these  species  have  been 
described  in  the  following  papers  : 

Hulst— Trans,  of  the  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  July,  i886,-  pp.  161  — 164. 

riulst— Eiitoniologica  Americana,  Oct.,  1887,  pp.  129- — 138. 

Ragonot— Diagnoses   of  North    American    Phycitida;    and     Galleriid^.     Paris, 

December,  1887. 
Ragonot  — Nouveaux  genres  et  especes  de  Pliycitidre  et  Galleriidte.    Paris,   April, 

1888. 
Hulst — Entomologica  Americana,   Sept.,  1888,   pp.  114 — 118. 


Catalogue    of  the    Phycitidae   and    Galleriidae 
of  North   America. 


PHYCITID^. 


Myelois  Hb. 

subtetricella  Rag. 
bilineatella  Rag. 
zonulella  Rag. 
alatella  Hulst   [Acrob.]. 

rectistrigella  Rag. 
duplipunctella  Rag. 

Rhodophcea  (Gn.)  Rag. 
pallicornella  Rag. 
histriculella  Hulst   [Acrob.]. 
exsulella  Z.    [Myelois]. 

Acrobasis  Z. 

palliolella  Rag. 

albocapilella  Hulst. 
tricolorella  Groie. 
ample.xella  Rag. 
Angusella  Grote. 
caryai  Giote. 
minimella  Rag. 
caryivorella  Rag. 
rubrifasciella  Pack, 
comptella  Rag. 
vaccinii   Riley, 
juglandis  Le  Bar.    [Pemp.  ]. 
indigenella  Z. 

nebiilo  Walsh.    [Phycila]. 

zelaiella   Hulsi   [Myeluis]. 
Piesmopoda  Z. 
subrufella   Hulst   [Neph.]. 
filiolella  Hulst   [Neph.]. 


Phycita  (Curt.)  Rag. 

arctella  Rag.    [Bahamas]. 

Phycitopsis  Rag. 
flavicornella  Rag. 

Dioryctria  Z. 
miniatella  Rag. 
clarioralis  Wlk.    [Neph.]. 
Zimmermanni  Grote  [Pinipestis]. 
amatella  Hulst  [Neph.]. 
pygmseella  Rag. 
decuriella  Hb. 

abietella  S.  V.  n.  Cat.    Zk. 

reniculella  Grote  [Pinipestis]. 

abieiivorella  Grote       " 

Dasypyga,  Rag. 
alternosquamella  Rag. 
ab.  stictophorella  Rag. 

Tacoma  Hulst. 
feriella   Hulst. 

Promylea  Rag. 
lunigerella  Rag. 

Glyptocera  Rag. 
consobrinella  Z.    [Neph.]. 

Ortho'epis  Rag. 
jugoselia   Rag. 

Ambesa  Grote. 
Walsinghami  Rag.    [Prist.]. 
JKiella  Grote. 


—115— 


lallatalis  Hulst  [Neph.]. 

deniictilella  Rag.   [Prist.]. 
niviella  Hulst  [Lipographis]. 

Nephopteryx  Hb. 

pergratialis   Hulst. 

Grotella  Rag. 
scobiella  Grote. 

decimerella  Hulst   [Lipo. ]. 
furfurella  Hulst. 
ovalis  Pack. 

V.  geminipunctella  Rag. 
V.  hyptichalciella  Rag. 
V.  curvatella  Rag. 
fascidlalis   Hulst    [Pini[iestis]. 
finitella  Wlk. 
rubrisparsella  Rag.    [Prist.]. 

rufibasella  Rag. 

croceella  Hulst   [Sciota]. 
gilvibasella  Hulst. 
basilaris  Z. 
reductella  Wlk. 

Gleditschiella  Fern.  [Pemp.  ]. 
inquilinella  Rag. 
crassifasciella  Rag. 
subtinctella  Rag. 

Meroptera  Grote. 

pravella  Grote  [Pemp.]. 

uvinella  Rag. 

unicolorella  Hulst.  [Dior.  & Oreana] 

Salebria  Z. 

pumilella  Rag. 
nubiferella  Rag. 
tenebrofella   Hulst   [Neph.]. 

bistriafella  Hulst  [Diory. ]. 

quercicolella  Hulst  [Neph.]. 
annulusella  Rag.    [Neph.]. 
semiobscurella  Rag. 
subfuscella  Rag. 
contatella  Gr:)!e. 
V.  quinquepunctella  Grote. 
tarmitalis   Hulst. 
delcissalis  Hulst   [Neph.]. 

Fenialdi  Rag. 
bifasciella  Hulst   [Neph.]. 
aliculella   Hulst   [Myelois]. 

Oberthuriella  Rag. 
odiosella   Hulst   [Neph.]. 


Laodamia  Rag, 
fusca  H\v. 

spadicella  Zk. 

carbo7iariella  Zk. 

posticella  Zett. 
janihinella  Dup. 

mcestella  Wlk.    [Neph.]. 

undulafella  Wlk. 
frigidella  Pack.     [Eudorea]. 

cacabella  Hulst   [Pinip. ]. 

Elasmopalpus  lilanch. 

erectalis  Walk.    [Trach.  ]. 

rufinalis  Wlk.    [Neph.]. 

hapsella   Hulst   [Neph.]. 
decoloralis  Wlk.    [Trach.]. 

metagrammalis  Wlk.  [Neph.] 
lignosellus  (a)  Z.    [Pemp.]. 

angustelhis  Blanch. 

tartar ella  Z.   [Pemp.]. 

incautella  Z.    [Pemp.]. 

petrella  Z.    [Pemp.]. 

carbonella  Hulst  [Dasyp.]. 
Selagia  Z. 
lithosella  Rag. 

Anoristia  Rag. 
flavidorsella  Rag, 

Pyla  (Grote)  Rag. 
scintillans  Grote. 
asneoviridella  Rag. 

Epischnia  Hb. 

ruderella  Rag. 
Boisduvaliella  Gn. 

Farrella  Curt.   [Anerastia]. 

Lafauriella  Const. 

albocostalis  Hulst  [Ephestia] 
Fosterella  Hulst  [Pima], 
subcostella  Rag. 
fulvirugella  Rag. 
granitella  Rag. 

Megasis  (Gn.)  Rag. 
polyphemella  Rag. 
pullatella   Rag. 

Lipographis  Rag. 
humilis  Rag. 

fenestrella  Pack.  [Pemp.]. 
leoninella  Pack.  [Pemp.]. 
subosseella  Hulst  [Bahamas]. 


— ii6- 


Hypochalcia  Hb. 
Hulstiella  Rag. 

Sarata  Rag. 
nigrifasciella  Rag. 
dophnerella  Rag. 

Etiella  Z. 
Zinckenella  Tr. 
shislicolor  Z. 

villosella  Hulst. 
Melitara  Wlk.   (Megaphycis  Grote). 
prodenialis  Wlk. 

Bollii  Z.    [Zopho.]. 
dentata  Groie   []\Iegaph.]. 

Zophodia  Hb. 
graciella  Hulst   [Spermat.]. 

longipennella   Hulst. 
grossulariai  Pack.    [Pemp.]. 

hirbatella  Grote   [Dakr.]. 
Packardella  Rag. 
glaucatella  Hulst   [Honora]. 
dilatifasciella  Rag. 
ardiferella  Hulst  [Altoona]. 

Euzophera  Z. 
aglseella  Rag. 

semi  funeral  is  Wlk.    [Neph.]. 
impleteUa  Z. 

pallnklla  Hulst   [Stenopt.]. 
nigricantella  Rag. 
cuprotajniella  Christoph. 
ferruginella  Rag. 
sonorella  Rag. 

Cateremna  Meyr. 
tumidulella  Rag. 

Vitula  Rag. 
dentosella  Rag. 
serratilineella  Rag. 
basimaculatella  Rag. 

Psorosa  Z. 

Hammondi  Riley  [Pemp.]. 
pneumatella  Hulst   [Stenopt.]. 
ulmella  Rag. 
fiiscatella   Hulst   [Honora]. 

Lsetilia  Rag. 

cocciilivcira  Comst.    [Dakruma] 

pallida  Comst.  " 

cphestiella   Rag.    [Dakruma]. 


Staudingeria  Rag. 
albipennella  Hulst   [Pemp.]. 

Heterographis  Rag. 
Morrisonella  Rag. 
coloradensis  Rag. 

olhiella  Hulst   [Mona]. 
oblitella  Z. 

propriella  Wlk.    [Neph.] 
undulatella  Clems. 
Honora  Grote. 
mellinella  Grote. 
ochrimaculella  Rag. 
sciurella  Rag. 
subsciurella   Rag. 
canicosiell.i  Rag. 

Dolichorrhinia  Ra;^. 
aureofasciella  Rag.    [Macro]. 

Diviana  Rag. 
eudoreella  Rag. 

Homceosoma  Curt. 

impressalis  Hulst. 
electella' Hulst  [Anerastia]. 

texanella  Rag. 
opalescella  Hulst  [Ephestia]. 

tenuipunctella  Rag. 
illuviella  Rag. 

candidella  Hulst. 
uncanalis  Hulst   [Neph.]. 
albescentella  Rag. 
stypticella  Grote. 
mucidella  Rag. 
angulif'erella  Rag. 

Ephestiodes  Rag. 

gilvescentella  Rag. 
infimella  Rag. 
erythrella  Rag. 

Eurythmia  Rag. 

hospitella  Z.    [Ephes.]. 

minutularia  Hulst  [Dioryct.] 
quantulella  Hulst  [Pemp.]. 

ignidorsella  Rag. 

Hornigia  Rag. 

obtusangulella  Rag. 
lugubrelia  Rag. 

Ephestia  Hb. 
(uscofasciella   Rag. 


—  117— 


Kuehniella  Z. 
Rileyella  Rag. 
nigrella  Hulst, 
el4.itella  Hb. 

Plodia  Gn. 
interpunctella  Hb. 

zece  Fitch    jl'inea]. 
Anerastinae  Rai^. 
Ragonotia  Giote. 
-clotalis   Hulst   [Neph.]. 

discigerella  Rag,    [Ciris]. 
lativitella  Rag. 

Tolima  Rat:, 
•opacella   Hulst   [Altoona], 

Poujadia  Rag. 
gemmatella  Hulst   [Speimat.   and 
Cayuga] 

Sal.uria  Rag. 
ostreella  Rag. 
glaicdsella  Z    [Aneias.]. 
rohtrella  Rag. 
tetradella  Z.   [Aneras.]. 
dichroeella  Rag. 

Martia  Rag. 
aiizonella  Rag. 


Epimorius  Z. 
testaceellus  Rag. 

Melissoblaptes  Z, 
(uscolimbellus  Rag. 

Galleria  L. 
mellonella  L. 


Aurora  Rag. 
longipalpella  R;ig. 

Navasota  Rag. 
hebetella  Rag. 

Hypsotropa  Z. 
luteicostella  Rag, 

Peoria  Rag. 
liaematica  Z.    [Aneras.]. 

ros-eate^la  Pack.    [Neph, 
bipartitella  Rag. 

Anerastia  \\\\ 
Ella  Hul.st   [Ephestia]. 

Bandera  Rag. 
cupidinella   Hulst, 
binotella  Z.    [Aneras.]. 
subluteella  Rag. 

Tampa  Rag, 
dimediatella  Rag, 

Statina  Rag, 
ro.seotinctella  Rag. 

Ccenochroa  Rag, 
californiella  Kag. 
inspergella  Rag. 
j     illibella  Hulst   [FeialumaJ. 
I  puricosiella  Rag. 

GALLERIIDiE. 

Para'ipsa  Butler, 
fulminalis  Z    [Melissob.  ]. 
terrenella  Z.     [        "        ]. 
fiirelhis  Z.    [Melissob.  ]. 
Aphomia  Hh. 
colonella  L. 

Achroia  Hb. 
grisella  F. 


„,     ^  „  Species  incertae  sedis  etc. 

1  he  iollowincr  species  are  unknown  to  me  : 


albiplagiatella  Pack.  (Myelois). 
actualis  Hulst  (Neph.). 
auraiUicella  Grote  (Pinipestis). 
approximella  Wik.   (Pempeiia). 
bitascialis  Wik.  (Neph.). 
bonifatella  Hulst  (Sperm,  and  Tehama) 
cestalis  Hulst  (Anerastia). 
caliginella  Hulst  (Neph.) 
Edwardsialis  Hulst  (Megaphycis). 
excantalis  Hulst  (Anerastia). 
Edmandsii  Clem.   (Neph.). 
Fernaldalis  Hulst  (Megaphyci>). 
Georgiella  Hulst  (Myelois). 
indistinctaiis  Wik.  (Neph. J. 


multilineatella   Hulst  (Spifrmat.  and 

Welaka). 
oreadella  Hulst  (Uinta), 
obsipella  Hulst  (HonoraJ. 
olivella  Hulst  (Anoristia). 
ostrinella  Clem.  (Ephestia). 
ochrilrontella  Z.  (Ephestia), 
perluscalis  Hulst  (Neph.). 
rubiginella  Wik.  (Neph.). 
subcnssiella  Clem.  (Pemp.). 
ulmiarrosorella  Clem.  (Neph.). 
virgatella  Clem.  (Pemp.) 
niontinatatella  Hulst  (Spermat.). 
caineella  Hulst  (Neph.). 


SYKONVMICAL,  IVOTE.S. 

Atrifascialis  Hulst  (Tallula)  is  an  Epipa^chiid._/;«V;„V^//«  Z.  (Galleria)  is  a  Tortrix 

^i"7^  n:!':^^^^^^^^^  -  -  py-ii"  genus  ^;l 

(.xoK€).~Rhypodella  Hulst  (Glyptoteles)  is  Neph.  curvaiella  Rag.  possibly 


—  ii8— 

The  Eggs  and  Larvae  of  Cerathosia  tricolor,    Smith. 
By  Geo.   D.    Hulst. 


About  the  middle  of  April,  I  received  a  letter  from  a  correspondent 
in  Central  Texas,  telling  me  that  he  had  sent  by  mail  a  box  with  some 
eggs  enclosed,  of  the  much  discussed  Cerathosia  tricolor.  He  was,  how- 
ever, unable  to  give  any  indicati(~)n  of  the  food  plant.  When  the  box 
arrived  all  the  larvae  had  emerged,  and  the  most  were  dead,  but  a  few 
still  had  life  enough  to  move  about,  and  very  much  to  my  surprise  were 
lively  little  Geometers  ! 

The  eggs  are  spherical,  somewhat  flattened,  and  much  grooved  and 
grained. 

The  caterpillars  on  emerging  are  about  one-eighth  of  an  inch  in 
length,  head  dark,  broad,  deeply  indented  at  the  summit  between  the 
e\cs;  front  triangular  with  apex  at  indentation  of  summit.  Mandibles 
with  5  teeth.     The  eyes  are  marked  with  8  or  lo  scattered  hairs. 

Body  cylindrical,  with  segments  very  slightly  if  at  all  swollen.  Each 
segment  has,  rather  irregularly  located,  from  14  to  20  piliferous  spots 
each  one  with  one  perpendicular  hair,  or  two  divergent  ones.  Those 
armed  with  two  hairs  constitute  about  one-third  of  the  whole  number. 
These  hau's  as  well  as  the  body  are  dark  brown  or  blackish  in  color. 

There  are  only  six  pairs  of  legs  in  all,  the  two  anterior  pairs  of  ab- 
dominal legs  being  almo-t  entirely  aborted,  though  still  evident.  They 
are  however  in  no  way  used  in  walking,  and  the  motion  of  the  cater- 
pillar is  entirely  geometriform,  the  central  part  of  the  body  being  fully 
arched,  and  the  hind  pairs  of  legs  being  brought  close  to  the  pro-legs  in 
progression. 

To  what  extent  this  will  clear  up  the  systematic  position  of  the  in- 
sect, I  am  unable  to  say.  The  spines  are  decidedly  arctiiform,  but  the 
existence  of  12  legs  only  in  the  larva  seems  to  put  it  where  Mr.  Grote 
thinks  it  belongs,  as  allied  to  Acontia  and  Spraguia.  The  larvae  of 
Acontia  have,  I  believe,  10  legs  only.  The  larvae  of  the  species  of 
Spraguia  are  so  far  as  I  know  unknown,  but  the  larv®  of  the  nearly 
allied  European  genus  Agrophila  has  12  legs  and  thus  corresponds  with 
the  larvae  of  Cerathosia.  As  far  as  I  can  learn  however  the  larvae  of  both 
Acontia  and  Agrophila  are  naked. 

I  was  unable  to  find  any  plant  of  which  the  larvae  would  partake. 
Indeed,  it  is  doubtful  whether  enough  strength  remained  to  any  to  live 
even  if  a  proper  food  plant  had  been  found.  At  any  rate  the  larvae  were 
not  carried  beyond  emergence  from  the  egg. 


—119— 

NOTE  BY  EDITOR. 

The  above  communication  was  presented  by  Mr.  Hulst  at  the  May 
meeting  of  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society,  and  proved  of  course 
very  interesting.  Mr.  Hulst  kindly  gave  me  a  slide  containing  mounted 
specimens  of  the  larva,  for  examination.  He  is  quite  correct  in  his  de- 
scription, but  I  really  doubt  whether,  if  he  had  not  seen  the  mode  of 
progression,  he  would  have  found  the  reduction  of  size  in  the  anterior 
pairs  of  pro-legs,  worthy  of  particular  remark.  They  are  undoubtedly 
much  reduced  in  size,  the  first  pair  more  than  the  second,  but  they  are 
armed  about  like  the  perfect  legs,  and  I  feel  certain  that  had  they  been 
carried  through  another  stage,  they  would  have  become  normal  Lithosian 
larvae.  At  the  present  stage  Mr.  Hulsi's  observations,  though  extremely 
interesting,  can  have  no  systematic  weight  against  the  obvious  structural 
characters  of  the  imago.  I  regret  that  I  have  not  at  command  at 
present  the  literature  of  the  Lithosiid  larva,  so  cannot  compare  with 
known  forms.  I  trust  however  that  the  near  future  will  bring  other 
specimens  of  the  larva  which  can  be  carried  to  maturity. 


Note  on  Spilosoma  congrua,    Walker. 
By  John  B.   Smith. 


The  bibliography  of  this  species,  as  it  stands  in  our  lists  to-day,  is 
as  follows  : 

Spilosoma  congrua  Walker. 

1855.— Walker,  Cat.  Br.  Mus,  Lep.  Het.,  Ill,  669. 
i860.  — Clem.,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci.  Phil.,  XII,  532. 
1862. — Morris,  Synopsis,  Supplt,   343. 
1868.- Grt.  &  Rob.,  Trail.';.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  II,  72. 
1873.— Stretch.,  Zyg.  and  Bomb.,   130. 
1875.— Butler,  Cistula  Ent.,  II,  33,  =  <.w«e'<7  ! 
i883.-Grote,  Can.  Ent.,  XV,  9. 
1886.  — Hulst,  Entom.  Amer.,  II,    15,  (larva). 
antigone  Strecker. 

1878.— Strk.,  Kept.  Engin.  1877-78,  V,  p.  i860. 

1883. — Grote,  Can.  Ent,  XVI,  9,  =  congrua. 

1886.  —  Hulst,  Entom.  Amer.,  II,   162  =  congrua. 

Habitat. — Mass.,  New  York,  Georgia,  Colorado.  The  insect  is 
thus  a  widely  distributed  one,  though  not  common  anywhere. 

Some  time  since  I  found  it  desirable  for  some  reason  to  compare 
Walker's  description  wnth  specimens  of  what  goes,  fide  Mr.  Grote,  as 
congrua.  I  believe  it  was  INIr.  Strecker's  differential  description  of  his 
antigone  that  first  called  my  attention  to  it.     To  my  surprise   I   found 


— 120 — 

that  if  Walker's  description  was  in  anv  way  accurate,  it  could  not  pos- 
sibly refer  to  this  species,  and  in  casting  about  for  a  species  to  which  it 
could  possibl}'be  referred,  I  picked  out  of  our  series  oi  Hyphaniria  cunea, 
specimens  in  everv  wav  agreeing  with  the  description.  So  certain  did  I 
feel  of  this,  that  I  called  Prof.  Riley"s  attention  to  it  as  a  necessary  cor- 
rection of  synonymy,  and  afterward  stated  the  conclusion  before  the 
Entomological  St)ciety  of  Washington. 

Walker's  description  is  as  follows:  "White.  Tarsi  with  black 
bands.  r-'\ire  coxae  and  fore  femora  luieous,  with  black  spots  on  the 
inner  side,  yl/rt/t?  — Head  and  fore  part  of  the  thorax  with  a  slight  testa- 
ceous tinge.  Primaries  with  four  very  oblique,  very  imperfect  and  ir- 
regular bands,  composed  of  pale  brown  dots.  Length  of  the  body  6  to 
7  lines  ;  of  the  wmgs  i6  to  20  lines." 

In  1868  Grote  and  Robinson  state  that  of  three  specimens  in  the 
B.  M.  Collection  one  female  was  Spilosoma  virginica,  the  other  speci- 
mens, male  and  (emale,  representing  a  species  approaching  H.  cunea  in 
markings,  but  stouter  and  with  the  antennas  and  palpi  of  Spilosoma. 

In  1875  J^^i"-  Butler  speaks  as  follows :  "The  only  examples  now 
representing  this  species  in  the  collection  are  what  I  believe  to  be  a  male 
variety  of  H.  cunea,  and  a  female  {Y)  Spilosoma  virginica,  without  ab- 
domen ;  what  Mr.  Walker  may  have  done  with  '  the  species  since  jNIr. 
Grote  described  it,  it  is  impossible  to  say." 

This  note  of  Butler's  seems  to  have  entirely  escaped  American  Lepi- 
dopterists.  Strecker  did  not  refer  to  it  in  describing  his  anligone,  and 
Mr.  Grote  seemed  not  to  know  of  it  when  in  1883  he  referred  anligone 
as  a  synonym  oi  congrua.  Mr.  Hulst  in  his  paper  assumed  the  correct- 
ness of  Mr.  Grote's  identification  o{  congrua,  and  shows  that  the  species 
varies  sufficiently  to  include  the  form  de>cribed  by  Mr.  Strecker.  No 
attempt  seems  to  have  been  made  to  reconcile  Walker's  description  with 
the  species  as  identified  by  Mr.  Grote,  and  in  view  of  the  facts  that  the 
description  cannot  pos>ibly  be  made  to  fit  <3'«/?^o«^  Strecker,  that  it  agrees 
perfectly  with  specimens  of  H.  cunea,  and  that  Mr.  Butler  finds  a  spe- 
cimen o^  cunea  as  a  type,  it  seems  to  me  ihu  congrua  Walker,  must  be 
referred  as  a  synonym  of  ^.  cunea  Dru.,  and  congrua  \  Grote,  must  be 
cited  as  a  synonym  oi  anligone  Strecker. 

Mr.  Henry  Edwards  recently  showed  me  in  his  collection  a  species 
of  Spilosotna  apparently  distinct  from  all  described  species,  and  which 
agrees  very  well  with  Walker's  description  save  in  the  maculation  of  the 
abdomen. 

The  genus  Spilosoma  needs  revision,  and  as  Mr.  Edwards  has  all 
the  described  as  well  as  some  new  species,  he  will  probably  undertake 
the  task  shortly. 


Some  Corrections  to  Henshaw's  List  of  the  Coleoptera 
of  North  America. 


One  of  ilie  greatest  desiderata  in  the  present  state  of  North  Ameri- 
can Coleopterolngy  is  a  full  reference  and  synonymical  catalogue.  Al- 
though such  work  has  been  contemplated  for  several  years  and  is  in  the 
best  hands  that  could  possibly  be  selected  for  this  purpose,  we  are  afraid 
that  the  publication  of  such  catalogue  will  be  delayed  for  some  time  to 
come  and  that  we  shall  see  a  new  edition  of  the  check  list  sooner  than 
the  much  desired  catalogue.  This  being  so,  the  Coleopterists  should  co- 
operate in  rendering  the  new  check  list  as  free  from  errors  as  possible  ; 
for,  while  it  is  a  comparatively  easy  task  to  insert  the  additions,  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  eliminate  the  various  errors  of  minor  or  greater  importance  which 
have  crept  into  the  former  editions  of  the  check  list,  errors  which  are 
inseparable  from  and  inevitable  in  a  work  of  this  character  and  for  which 
the  most  careful  author  cannot  be  held  responsible,  but  which  are  liable 
to  be  perpetuated  fiom  one  edition  to  another  unless  special  attention 
is  called  thereto. 

For  this  purpose  we  publish  the  following  few  corrections  which 
were  placed  at  our  disposal  by  Mr.  Schwarz  : 

p.  43— for  Homaliiun  rujipes  Faiiv.,  read  H.  rufipes  Faurcroy. 

p.  47 — omit  Hippodamia  variegata  Goeze. 

p.  46 — for  Adnnia  constellata  Laich  ,  read  A.  variegata  Goeze. 

p.  61— omit  Grynochares  oregonensis  Crotch,  which  is  a  manuscript  name. 

]5.  61 —insert  l)efore /l/o«£7/(?7«a  the  family  heviding  Afoiio/oniidcE  to  inchide  the 
genera  from  Monotonia  to  Bactridium  inclusive. 

p.  78  — 7"(Vc'//-'^r?/'j-/?/j-//^j  Fee,  appears  twice,  once  as  a  distinct  species,  and 
atjaiii  as  a  synonym  ol  rectus.  In  the  present  state  of  knowledge  ol  this 
genus  the  latter  reference  should  be  omitted. 

p.  83  -for  PJadrolwegtnus piimilis  Lee,  read  H.  pumilus  Lee. 

p.  84 — omit  Th^ca  striatopunctata  Lee,  which  is  a  manuscript  name. 

p.  85 — omit  Trogoxylon  californicum  Crotch,  for  the  same  reason. 

p.  124— tor  Xvlita  lavi^ata  Hellw.,  Serropalpus  Hellw.,  S.  striaius  Hellw., 
read  Xylita  hevigata  Hellenius  etc. 

p.  137 — Apion  porcatum   is  erroneously  placed  among  the  unrecognized  species. 

J.  B.  S. 


We  exceedingly  regret  hearing  of  the  death  of  Heinrich  Benno 
Moeschler,  of  Kronfoerstchen  bei  Bautzen,  Germany.  Mr.  Moeschler 
was  one  of  the  few  European  entomologists  who  had  a  really  good  idea 
of  our  Lepidopterological  fauna,  and  was  able  to  appreciate  the  work 
done  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic.  His  death  is  a  positive  loss  to 
American  entomology.  We  have  not  been  able  heretofore  to  learn  any- 
thing of  a  personal  nature  concerning  him,  but  hope  in  an  early  num- 
ber to  be  able  to  give  a  brief  sketch  of  his  life  and  of  his  work  so  far  as 
American  entomology  is  concerned. 


— 122 — 


Life  Habits  of  Hispidae. 


Dr.  Horn,  in  descrii)ing  the  remarkable  Hispid,  Stenopodius  flavidiis 
(Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  vol.  X,  1883,  p.  301),  suggests  that  from  certain 
structural  characters  (apical  thoracic  margin  with  a  depression  each  side 
apparently  for  reception  of  antennal  club;  tarsi  not  dilated,  slender, 
claw-joint  extremely  long)  that  the  species  has  a  subaquatic  mode  of 
life.  In  a  species  coming  from  the  arid  regions  of  Arizona  and  Cali- 
fornia we  would  least  expect  such  mode  of  life  and  we  look  forward 
therefore  with  interest  toward  future  observations  which  may  prove  or 
disprove  the  correctness  of  Dr.  Horn's  surmise. 

The  few  Hispidce  in  our  fauna  of  which  the  earlier  stages,  or  at  least 
the  food-habits  are  known,  are  leaf-miners,  the  larvae  closely  resembling 
in  general  appearance  certain  leaf-minmg  Tineidce  ( LithocoUetis )  ;  but 
the  little  we  know  of  foreign  species  indicates  a  great  diversity  of  life- 
habit  in  this  family.  The  earlier  stages  of  the  few  European  species  still 
remain  unknown,  but  since  Hispa  atra  is  quite  abundant  it  may  be  in- 
ferred that  the  larva  would  long  ago  have  been  discovered  if  it  were  a 
leaf-miner.  Mr.  Lucas  (Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  France,  1884,  Bull.,  p.  V)  de- 
scribes the  larva  of  Oxycephala  speciosa  Boisd. ,  from  New  Guinea.  It 
resembles  in  appearance  a  Crustacean  of  the  family  CymothidcE  and 
covers  itself  with  its  shiny  excrement  in  the  manner  of  Crioceris  or  Ble- 
pharida  Moreover  it  is  not  leaf-mining  but  lives  at  the  axils  of  the 
leaves  of  Pandanus.  Another  species,  Leptispa  pygmcea  Baly,  was  found 
by  Mr.  G.  Lewis,  near  Colombo,  Ceylon,  ' '  resting  on  the  stems  of  a 
small  grass  just  above  water  ;  but  if  immersed,  remained  quiescent  be 
neath  it"  (Entom.  Month.  Mag.,  vol.  XXV,  Sept.,  1888,  p.  94).  This 
seems  to  indicate  a  subaquatic  mode  of  life  in  the  larva  state,  though 
in  the  genus  Leptispa  the  tarsal  joints  are  short  and  dilated.  In  this 
particular  species,  however,  "the  body  beneath  is  covered  with  th«  close 
pilosity  common  to  some  insects,  such  as  Donacice,  which  are  indifferent 
to  immersion  in  water." 

To  return  to  our  own  fauna,  there  is  no  indication  that  in  the  genera 
Odontota,  Microrhopala  and  Octotoma  the  unity  of  habit  is  interrupted. 
They  appear  to  be  terrestrial  and  leaf-mining  in  the  larva  state,  and  so  is 
in  all  probability  the  genus  Charistena,  but  our  Stefiispas  probably  differ 
in  habit.  The  imagos  occur  preferably  on  low,  moist  meadows  or  on 
plants  near  water  and  their  larvae  are  probably  either  root-feeders  in 
moist  ground  or  subaquatic  like  those  of  Donacia.  J.   B.   S. 


A  Reclamation. 

In  "Insect  Life"  No.  10,  Prof.  Riley  adds  some  interesting  infor- 
mation concerning  Platypsyllus  and  figures  both  the  larva  and  imago. 
He  gives  also  a  resume  of  the  literature,  but  whether  intentionally  or 
not,  omits  all  mention  of  my  paper  (Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1888)  in 
which  the  larva  is  fully  described  and  figured.  This  omission  is  all  the 
more  inexcusable  as  the  first  public  exhibition  of  the  larva  and  my  figures 
was  made  before  the  Entomological  Society  of  Washington  some  time 
in  March,  1888,  Prof  Riley  being  present  and  taking  part  in  the  dis- 
cussion. Geo.  H.  Horn,   M.  D. 


—  123— 

Cicada  septendecim  in  i88g. 


Before  and  on  receipt  of  this  number  of  Entomologica  Americana 
many  of  our  readers  in  the  Eastern  and  Middle  States  will  no  doubt  have 
heard  the  song  of  that  most  interesting  of  our  North  American  insects — 
the  Periodical  Cicada.     To  anticipate  inquiries  regarding  this  insect  we 
desire  to  state  that  the  Cicadas  of  the  present  year  belong  to  the  17-year 
brood  VIII,  according  to  the  enumeration  introduced  by  Dr.  C.  V.  Riley 
in  his  ist  IMissouri  Report.     This  brood  is  a  well-established  one,    and 
has  been  recorded  in  the  year  1786,  1804,  1821,  1838,  and  1855.   There 
is  further  strong  probability  that  this  is  the  brood  referred  to  by  Morton 
in   his    "Memorial"   as   occurring  in  Plymouth,    Mass.,   in  1633  (see 
Harris,  Treatise  etc.,  p.  207,  ed.  Flint).     Its  re- appearance  in  1872  has 
no  doubt  been  observed  in  many  localities  but,   strangely  enough,   there 
do  not  seem  to  be  any  records  thereof  in  the  more  accessible  literature, 
and  no  one  has  gone  into  the  trouble  of  collecting  the  records— if  there 
be  any — from  the  agricultural   papers  and  similar  sources.     The  extent 
of  this  brood,  as  compiled   from  all  available  sources,   is  given  by  Dr. 
Riley  as  follows  :   "  in  the  south-eastern  part  of  Massachusetts;  across 
Long  Island  ;  along  the  Atlantic  coast  to  Chesapeake  Bay,   and  up  the 
Susquehanna  River  at  least  as  far  as  to  Carlisle  in  Pennsylvania ;  also  in 
Kentucky,  at  Kanawha  in  (West)  Virginia,  and  Gallipolis,  Ohio,  on  the 
Ohio  river.'" 

The  Cicadas  reported  in  1855  from  Buncombe  and  McDowell 
counties.  North  Carolina,  have  apparently  been  lost  sight  of,  and  it  is 
still  doubtful  whether  they  should  be  referred  to  this  i7.year  brood  VIII 
or  the  13-year  brood  XVIII,  both  having  appeared  simultaneously  in 
1855.  From  the  localities  given  by  Dr.  Riley  for  the  brood  XVIII  it 
appears  highly  probable  that  these  Cicadas  belong  to  this  13-year  brood 
XVIII  rather  than  to  the  17-year  brood  VIII. 

At  any  Tate  the  entomologists  and  their  correspondents — no  matter 
whether  or  not  these  understand  anything  of  entomology — could  do  very 
much  this  year  to  more  fully  ascertain  the  extent  of  this  brood  and  to 
clear  up  the  doubtful  points  concerning  the  same,  by  looking  out  for, 
and  recording  all  reports  on  the  appearance  of  Cicadas  or  "  Locusts"  as 
they  are  popularly  termed.  The  knowledge  of  the  various  broods  of  the 
Periodical  Cicada  is  now  sufficiently  advanced  to  enable  us  to  eliminate 
all  untrustworthy  reports  resulting  from  a  confusion  of  the  Cicadas  with 
the  true  "Locusts"  (Grasshoppers)  or  with  the  various  other  non- 
periodical  species  of  Cicada.  J.   B.   S. 


— 124  — 

Society  News. 


Brooklyn  Entomological  Society. — April  2iid,  1889.  Twenty  persons 
present,  President  Ca-ey  ni  the  cliair.  Reports  were  presented  by  the  treasurer, 
the  librarian  and  the  curators,  whith  were  duly  accepted.  The  resignation  of  Messrs. 
Hulst  and  Roberts,  editors  of  Entomologica  Americana,  having  been  tendered 
and  regretfully  accejited  by  tlie  Society,  Messrs.  Smith  and  Chittenden  were  elected 
to  fill  the  vacancies. 

Mr.  Weeks  read  a  paper  on  "Utilization  of  Entomological  Experience,"  showing 
the  value  of  apparendy  unimportant  notes  in  completing  the  life  histories  of  insects. 
In  the  discussion  which  followed  Messrs.  Hulst  and  Smith  took  part. 

May  7th,  1889.  — Twenty  persons  present.  The  president  in  the  chair.  Reports 
of  officers  were  presented  and  accepted,  and  considerable  routine  matter  was  discussed 
and  disposed  of.  Messrs.  A.  C.  Bradley  and  J.  G.  Malonee,  both  of  Brooklyn  and 
members  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  were  elected  to  membership  in  the  Entomological 
Department. 

Mr.  Smith  read  a  communication  from  the  Netherland  Entomological  Society, 
embracing  a  report  of  a  committee  on  a  proposed  code  of  nomenclature,  and  request- 
ing consideration  of  the  matter.  Messrs.  Casey,  Smith  and  Hulst  were  thereupon 
appointed  a  committee  for  that  purpose. 

Mr.  Hulst  read  a  paper  on  "  Cerathosia  tricolcr.  Smith,"  and  exhibited  micro- 
scopic slides  of  the  larvte.  Messrs.  Smith  and  Weeks  joined  in  the  discussion  which 
followed. 

Mr.  Smith  then  presented  the  subject  ''Scent  Organs  of  the  Lepidoptera,"  with 
black-board  illustrations.  The  subject  was  discussed  by  Messrs.  Hulst,  Weeks  and 
Beuteinnuller.  A.  C.  Weeks,   Rec.  Sec'y. 


Notes  and  News. 


It  is  intended  to  prepare  for  publication  a  "List  of  the  Insects  of 
New  Jersey."  Will  those  of  our  readers  who  have  collected  in  this  State 
please  make  lists  of  their  captures  and  forward  them  to  the  editor  with 
such  notes  as  they  may  add.  They  will  be  duly  acknowledged  and 
made  use  of. 

* 

In  our  next  number  we  hope  to  publish  a  second  supplement  to 
Henshaw's  List  of  Coleoptera,  together  with  a  list  of  synopses  and  mono- 
graphic works  which  have  appeared  since  the  publication  in  1883  of 
Leconte  and  Horn's  Classification.  A  few  extra  copies  will  be  printed 
and  be  furnished  at  25  cents  per  copy.     All   desiring  such  will  please 

notify  the  editor  at  once. 

*  * 

* 

A  few  copies  of  the  Monograph  of  the  N.  A.  Sphingidce  can  be  ob- 
tained from  the  editor  at  $2.00  per  copy.  There  are  also  two  complete 
sets  of  the  Bulletin  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.  at  |8.oo  per  set,  of  7  volumes. 


Americana 


¥0L.  Y. 


BROOKLYN,  JULY,  1889, 


MO.  7. 


A  GENERIC  SYNOPSIS   OF  THE   BYTHOSCOPID/E. 

\i\    Wai.     II.    ASHMEAD. 


Family  V.      BYTHOSCOPIDiE. 

Head  as  wide  or  widei-  than  the  thorax,  when  nai  rower  very  thin  antero- 
posteriorly  with  a  sharp  superior  mari^in  ;  the  frons  in  the  tbrnier  case  obtuse  or 
slightly  convex,  in  the  latter,  flattened.  Ocelli  2.  situated  on  the  Irons  between  the 
antennne.  Antennse  setiform,  3-jointed,  the  basal  joints  short,  thick,  placed  in  cavitie>. 
Tiiorax  well  developed,  wider  than  long,  or  else  hexagonal,  slightly  convexly  idunded, 
punctate,  or  with  delicate  striations.  Hcutellum  rather  large,  triangular.  Elytra 
subopaque,  seldom  entirely  translucent.  Tegulte  present.  Posterior  coxa'  contii;uous. 
Tibiae  prismatic,  the  hind  edges  of  posterior  pair  most  treqiiently  armed  with  a  doulile 
row  of  numerous  strong  spines  or  else  with  small  dentiiulations  or  fine  cili;e.  Tarsi 
3-jointed. 

This  family  is  of  rather  small  extent  and  represented  by  but  com- 
paratively few  genera;  in  it  I  have  included,  as  subfamilies,  the  genera 
^ihalkm  Latreille,  and  Eury7?iela  Burmeister,  the  posilicm  of  which  has 
been  tlie  subject  of  considerable  controversy  with  systematists. 

The  former,  seems  to  be  closely  allied  to  the  MembracidcE  where 
Stal  placed  it;  the  latter,  to  \he  Jassida-,  but  their  general  facies  and  the 
position  of  the  ocelli  are  Bythoscopid,  and  I  believe  ihey  belong  in  this 
group. 

The  following  table  will  enable  one  to  recognize  these  subfamilies  : 

SUBFAMILIES. 

Head  transverse,  antero-posteriorly  very  thin,  much  narrower  thati  the  thorax  ;  frons 

flat,  upper  margin  sharp  ;  thorax  hexagonal,  the  sides  usually  sinuate 

SuBKAMii.v  I.     iETH ALIGN  IN /E. 

Entgmologica  Ameuicana.    Vol.  v.  2  July  1889. 


—  126 — 

Head  litoadly  transverse,  antero-posteriorly  rarely  very  thin,  a>  broad  or  broader 
than  the  thorax  ;  irons  usually  convex,  upper  margin  rounded  ;  thorax  trans- 
verse quadrate  or  somewhat  trapezoidal,  sides  not  sinuate. 

*Posterior  tibia;  usually  not  strongly  spined,   at  the  mo<t    with   two  or  three 

spines,  or  else  with  a  double  row  of  w^eak  spines  or  cilii^ 

Subfamily  II.     EURYMELIN^. 

**PostcTior  tihix  always  with  a  double  row  of  strong  spines 

Subfamily  III.     BYTHOSCOPIN^. 

Subfamily  I.     ^THALIONINiE. 

TABLE  GF  GENERA. 

Head  deeply  emarginated ....   (r.  r.     Schizia  Spinola 

Head  not  or  but  slightly  emarginated    • 
Costal  area  with  3  to  5  transverse  veins,  none  forked.  .X\.  2.    iEthalion  Latreiiie 
Costal  area  with  9  transverse  veins,  the  2nd  forked  ;  outer  edge  of  posterior  tibire 
with  numerous  small  denticulations G.  3.     Polydontoscelis  n.  g.* 

Subfamily  II.     EURYMELINiE. 

TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

Posterior  tibice  with  not  more  than  2  or  3  spines   (i.  i.     Eurymela  Burm. 

Posterior  tibia  with  a  double  row  of  very  weak  spines   

G.  2.     Eurymeloides  n.  g. 

Subfamily  III.     BYTHOSCOPINiE. 

TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

Antennas  inserted  in  feeble  cavities 2 

Antenna;  inserted  in  deep  cavities  beneath  a  ledge. 
Thorax  with  transverse  striations. 

Lateral  margins  of  thorax  sharply  keeled,  of  moderate  length 

G.   I.     Macropsis  Lewis 

Lateral  margins  of  thorax  not  sharply  keeled,  very  short   .    

G.  2.     Bythoscopus  Germ. 

Thorax  with  oblique  striations. G.   3.     Pediopsis  Germ. 

2   Head  including  the  eyes  wider  than  the  elytra  at  base. 

Membrane  with  an  appendage  G.  4.      Idiocerus  Lewis 

Membrane  without  an  appendage G.  5.     Pachyopsis  Uhler 

Head  including  the  eyes  not  wider  than  the  elytra  at  base. 
Membrane  without  an  appendage G.  6.     Agallia  Curtis 


A  new  genus  discovered  in  Florida. 


—  127— 

SECOND    SUPPLEMENT    TO    THE    LIST    OF 

COLEOPTERA  OF  AMERICA,  NORTH 

OF    MEXICO.* 

By  Samuel  Henshaw. 


1  have  endeavored  to  record  here  the  new  species  of  Coleoptera, 
found  in  America,  north  of  Mexico,  which  have  been  described  from 
1S87  to  the  date  of  writing,  May  1889.  A  few  names  omitted  from 
previous  lists  are  also  included. 

The  bibliography  of  recently  published  monographs  and  synopses 
renders  it  unnecessary  to  note  the  changes  in  synonymy  and  the  danger 
of  mistakes  arising  from  the  use  of  numbers  is  thus  avoided. 


I 


LIST  OF  SPECIES. 


CARABIDiE. 


Anillus 

9452.   explanatus  Horn. 


Chennium. 

Biotus  Casey. 

9455.  formicarius  Casey. 
Tyrus. 

Pytna  C;isey. 

9456.  corticina  Casey. 
Tychus. 

9457.  sonom.v;  Casey. 

9458.  hipiincticeps  Casey. 
Decarthron. 

9459.  brendeli  Casey. 
Nisaxis  Casey. 

9460.  cincinnata  Casey. 

9461.  maritima  Casey. 
Bryaxis. 

9462.  canadensis  Brend. 

9463.  arizonse  Casey. 


Pterostichus. 

9453.  johnsoni  Ulke. 


SCYDMiENID.®. 
Cephennium. 

9454.  breve  Schauff. 

PSELAPHIDiE. 


Anchylarthron  Brend. 
Verticinohis  Brend. 
Batrisus. 

9464.  cephalotes  Casey. 

9465.  luculentus  Casey, 

9466.  foveicornis  Casey. 

9467.  punctifrons  Casey. 

9468.  spinifer  Brend. 
Actium  Casey. 

9469.  pallidum  Casey. 

9470.  politum  Casey. 

9471.  robustulum  Casey. 

9472.  testaceum  Casey. 

Conoplectus  Brend. 
Eurhexius  Sharp. 
Rhexidius  Casey. 

9473.  granulosus  Casey. 


*  For  the  First  Supplement  see  Ent.  Amer.,  1887,  Vol.  2,  pp.  213 — 220. 


—  12^ 


Trogaster  Sharp. 
Oropus  Casey. 

9474.  montanus  Casey. 

Euplectus. 

9475.  californicus  Casey. 


Gymnusa. 

9478.  variegata  Kiesw. 

Quedius. 

9479.  erythrogaster  Mann. 

TrogophlcEUS. 

9480.  anthracinus  Casey. 

9481.  corvlnus  Casey. 

9482.  den  tiger  Casey. 

9483.  mexicanus  Casey. 

9484.  texanus  Casey. 

9485.  armatus  Casey. 

9486.  gilse  Casey. 

9487.  prominens  Casey. 

9488.  pacificus  Casey. 

9489.  anzonse  Casey. 

9490.  occiduus  Casey. 

9491.  conjunctus  Casey. 

9492.  spretus  Casey. 

9493.  apacheanus  Casey. 

9494.  mancus  Casey. 

9495.  spectatus  Casey. 

9496.  imbellis  Casey. 

9497.  lepidus  Casey. 

9498.  diffusus  Casey. 

lapsus  Casey. 

egregius  Casey. 

obliquus  Casey. 

sculptilis  Casey. 

difficilis  Casey. 

9504.  congener  Casey. 

9505.  agonus  Casey. 


Faronus. 

Sonoma  Casey. 

9476.  corticina  Casey. 

9477.  tavifrons  Casey. 


STAPHYLINID^. 


9499. 
9500. 
9501. 
9502. 
9503- 


Scaphidium. 

9536.  antennatum  Reitt. 

Cyparium. 

9537.  substriatum  Keitt. 


9506.  temporalis  Casey. 

9507.  probus  Casey, 
nanulus  Casey, 
modestus  Casey, 
pertenuis  Casey. 

95 1 1,  detractus  Casey. 

9512.  indigent  Casey, 
graphicus  Casey, 
ingeiis  Casey, 
incertus  Casey, 
delicatus  Casey, 
pudicus  Casey, 
robustuliis  Casey, 
confinis  Casey, 
pauperculus  Casey, 
languidus  Casey. 

9522.  bipuncticollis  Ca-ey 

9523.  pallidulus  Casey. 

9524.  debilis  Casey. 

9525.  fallax  Casey. 

9526.  providus  Casey. 

9527.  inquisitus  Casey, 
facetus  Casey, 
confusus  Casey, 
scrupulus  Casey, 
insolitus  Casey, 
filum  Casey, 
decoloratus  Casey. 
tantillus  Casey. 


9508 
9509 
9510 


9513- 
9514. 

9515- 
9516. 

9517- 
9518. 
9519. 
9520. 
9521- 


9528. 
9529- 
9530- 
9531- 
9532. 
9533- 
9534. 


Apocellus, 

9535.  cognatus  Sharp. 

SCAPHIDIIDyE. 

Scaphisoma. 

9538.  impunctatiim  Reitt. 

9539.  Iseve  Reitt. 

CRYPTOPHAGIDiE. 

Ccenoscelis. 

9540.   cryptophaga  Reitt. 


129" 


Cardiophorus. 

9545.  bifasciatiis  Blaiuh, 

9546.  coxalis  Blanch. 

9547.  piillus  Blanch. 

9548.  ijemnifer  Blanch. 

9549.  ul.breviatns  Blanch. 

9550.  an^u^taius  Blanch. 


Listrus. 

9558.   punctatus  Mots. 


.^gialia. 

9561.  lufescens  Horn. 
riifa  II  Lee. 

9562.  blanchardi  Horn. 

9563.  pusillus  Horn. 

9564.  opifex  Horn. 
Psammodius. 

9565.  nanus  DeGeer. 

9566.  hydropicus  Horn. 
Pleurophorus. 

9567.  ventralis  Horn. 
Ataenius. 

956S.  californicus  Horn. 

9569.  cognatus  Lee. 

9570.  strigatus  Say. 
Entomologica  Americana. 


DERMESTIDiE. 

Orphilus. 

9541.   atcr   Lr, 

NITIDULID^. 
Soronia, 

9542.  schwarzii  Ulke. 

HETEROCERID^. 
Heterocerus. 

9543.  amencanu^  Sharp, 

9544.  vilis  Sharp. 

ELATERIDiE. 

9551.  nevadeubis  Blanch. 

9552.  erinitus  Blanch. 

9553.  piibescens  Blanch. 

9554.  earbonatus  Blanch. 

9555.  seniculus  J-ilanch, 

9556.  disjiar  Blanch. 

BUPRESTIDiE, 

Chrysobothris. 
9557.  costiirons  Waterh. 

MALACHIDiE. 

Dasytes. 

9559.   catalina;  Lec. 

CIOIDiE. 
Cis. 

9560.   tetracentrum  Gorh. 

SCARABiEIDiE. 

9571.  inquisitus  Horn. 

9572.  vvenzelii  Horn. 

9573.  heviventris  Horn. 

9574.  inops  Horn. 
9575-  texanus  Har. 

9576.  lecontei  Har. 

9577.  inseulptus  Horn. 

Aphodius. 

9578.  ovipennis  Horn. 

9579.  tenuistn'atus  Horn. 

9580.  acerbus  Horn. 

9581.  nanus  Horn. 

9582.  depressus  Kug. 

9583.  rufipes  Linn. 

9584.  purailus  Horn. 
Vol.  v.           3  J 


I30- 


95^5-   iniitilis  Horn. 

9586.  luxatus  Horn. 

9587.  parens  Horn. 

9588.  larrea;  Horn. 

9589.  luteolus  Horn. 

9590.  ajinulus  Horn. 

9591.  haldemani  Horn. 
poll t us  II  Horn. 

9592.  decipiens  Horn. 

9593.  geiitilis  Horn. 

9594.  consociatus  Hoin. 

9595.  conspersus  Horn. 
Geotrupes. 

9596.  ulkei  fjlanch. 

9597.  hornii  Blanch. 
Pleocoma. 

9598.  rickseckeri  Horn. 

9599.  conjiingens  Horn. 

9600.  ulkei  Horn. 

9601.  puneticollis  Rivers. 
Lachnosterna. 

9602.  hamata  Horn. 

9603.  generosa  Horn. 

9604.  pr«termissa  Horn. 

9605.  clemens  Horn. 

9606.  hirtiventris  Horn. 

9607.  postrema  Horn. 

9608.  inversa  Horn. 

9609.  bipartita  Horn. 

9610.  vehemens  Horn. 

961 1.  grandis  Smith. 

9612.  diibia  Smith. 

9613.  arciiata  Smith. 

9614.  insperata  Smith. 

9615.  ulkei  Smith. 

9616.  quadrata  Smith. 


9617. 

politula  Horn. 

9618. 

harda  Horn. 

9619. 

spreta  Horn. 

9620. 

nova  Smith. 

962 1 . 

infidelis  Horn . 

9622. 

luctuosa  Horn. 

9623. 

profunda  Blanch. 

9624. 

scitula  Horn. 

9625. 

hornii  Smith. 

9626. 

biimpressa  Smith. 

9627. 

longispina  Smith. 

9628. 

implicita  Horn. 

9629. 

innominata  Smith. 

9630. 

limula  Horn. 

9631. 

dekita  Horn. 

9632. 

remula  Horn. 

9633- 

arcta  Horn. 

9634- 

vetula  Horn. 

9635- 

fucata,  Horn. 

9636. 

exorata  Horn. 

9637- 

ignava  Horn. 

9638. 

inepta  Horn. 

9639- 

aftabilis  Horn. 

9640. 

clypeata  Horn. 

Integra  ||  Lee. 

9641. 

boops  Horn. 

9642. 

ecostata  Horn. 

9643- 

antennata  Smith. 

9644. 

lenis  Horn. 

9645- 

heterodoxa  Horn. 

9646. 

tusa  Horn. 

Aphonides  Rivers. 

Aiioplognatho  ||  Rivers 

9647. 

dunniana  Rivers. 

Stephanucha   IJurm. 

9648. 

pilipennis  Kraatz. 

CERAMBYCID^. 
Mecas. 

9649.   saturnina  Lee. 

CHRYSOMELIDiE. 

Longitarsus. 
9650.  nitidellus  Cockr. 


LAGRIIDiE. 
Statira.  9652.  opacicollis  Horn. 

9651.   pluripunctata  Horn.  9653.  basalis  Horn. 


—  131- 


Mallodrya  Horn. 

9654.  subivnea  Horn. 
Hypulus. 

9655.  bicinctu^  Hotn. 
Eustrophus. 

9656.  arizoiiens-is  Horn. 


Epicserus. 

9663.  texanu.s  Casey. 

9664.  siilcatus  Casey. 
Stamoderes. 

9665.  unifonnis  Casey. 
Ophryastes. 

9666.  shufeldti  Casey. 

9667.  sulcipennis  Casey. 
Eupagoderes. 

9668.  (hmnianus  Casey. 
Sapotes  Casey. 

9669.  puncticollis  Casey. 
Rhigopsis. 

9670.  scutellata  Casey. 
Amotus  Casey. 

9671.  longisternus  Casey. 

9672.  gracilior  Casey. 
Peritaxia. 

9673.  perforata  Casey. 
Exomias. 

9674.  pellucid  us  Boli. 
Amnesia. 

9675.  granulata  Casey. 

9676.  tesselata  Casey. 

9677.  sculptilis  Casey. 
Nocheles. 

9678.  vestitus  Casey. 


MELANDRYIDyE. 

9657.  repandus  Horn. 

Holostrophus  Horn. 

9658.  discolor  Horn. 
Orchesia. 

9659.  ornata  Horn. 

PYTHIDiE. 

Trimitomerus  Horn. 
9660.   riversii  Horn. 

PYROCHROIDiE. 

Pyrochroa. 

9661.   fascicoliis  Mann. 

RHYNCHITIDi^. 
Auletes. 

9662.  laticollis  Casey. 

OTIORHYNCHIDiE. 
Miloderes. 

9679.  setosus  Casey. 
Sciopithes. 

9680.  significans  Casey. 

9681.  brumalis  Casey. 

9682.  arcuatus  Casey. 

9683.  angustulus  Casey. 

9684.  setosus  Casey. 
Stenoptochus  Casey. 

9685.  inconstans  Casey. 
Orthoptochus  Casey. 

9686.  squmiger  Casey. 
Peritelodes  Casey. 

9687.  obtectus  Casey. 
Peritelinus  Casey. 

9688.  variegatus  Casey. 

Geoderces. 

9689.  puncticollis  Casey. 

Geodercodes  Casey. 

9690.  latipennis  Casey. 

Aragnomus. 

9691.  hispidulus  Casey. 

Thinoxenus. 

9692.  nevadensis  Casey. 

Panormus  Casey. 

9693.  setosus  Casey. 


-132— 


Elissa  Casey. 

9694.  laticeps  Casey. 

9695.  constricta  Casey. 
Pseudelissa  Casey. 

9696.  cinerea  Casey. 


Scythropus. 

9697.  lateralis  Casey. 

9698.  ferrugineus  Casey. 

9699.  cinereus  Casey. 

9700.  crassicornis  Casey. 


CURCULIONIDiE. 


Sitones. 

9701.  extriisus  Casey. 

9702.  varians  Casey. 

9703.  margaritosus  Casey. 

9704.  procerus  Casey. 

9705.  occidentalis  Casey. 

9706.  eximius  Ca^ey. 

9707.  montanus  Casey. 

9708.  nebiilosus  Casey. 

9709.  alternans  Casey. 

9710.  osculans  Casey. 
97_ii.  prominens  Casey. 

9712.  hispidiceps  Casey. 

9713.  angustulu-  Casey. 

9714.  esplicitus  Casey. 

9715.  apacheanus  Casey. 

9716.  sparsiis  Casey. 

Apion. 

9717.  lividum  Smith. 

Sciaphilus  Sch. 

9718.  muricatus  Fabr. 
Strophosomus  Billb. 

9719.  coryli  Fabr. 
Macrops. 

9720.  indistinctus  Dietz. 

9721.  cryptops  Uietz. 

9722.  hyperodes  Dietz. 
Q723.  nevadensis  Dietz. 
9724.   grypidioides  Dietz. 


9725.  wickhami  Dietz. 

9726.  interpunctatulus  Dietz. 

9727.  ulkei  Dietz. 

9728.  dorsalis  Dietz. 

9729.  tenebrosus  Diet/., 
alternatus  Dietz. 
montanus  Dietz. 
interstitialis  Dietz. 
hornii  Dietz. 
setiger  Dietz. 
subcribratus  Dietz. 

9736.  longulus  Dietz. 

9737.  rotundicollis  Dietz. 
obscurellus  Dietz. 
imbeliis  Dietz. 
hirtellus  Dietz. 
echinatus  Dietz. 
obtectus  Dietz. 

9743.  myasellus  Dietz. 

9744.  mirabilis  Dietz. 

9745.  californicus  Dietz. 

9746.  anthracinus  Dietz, 

Otidocephalus. 

9747.  poeyi  Gyll. 

Cryptorhynchus. 

9748.  lapathi  Linn. 

Ceutorhynchus. 

9749.  cyanipennis  111. 


9730. 
9731- 
9732. 
9733- 
9734- 
9735- 


9738. 

9739- 
9740. 
9741. 
9742. 


CALANDRIDiE. 

PhlcEophagus. 

9750.   spadix  ITbst. 


Pityophthorus. 

9751.  concentralis  Eich. 

9752.  manzanita  Sz. 


SCOLYTIDiE. 

Trypodendron  Steph. 

9753.  vittigerum  Eich. 
Thysances. 

9754.  ficus  Sz. 


—  133— 

BlBUOGRAPHICilL   REFERENCES. 


I 


Synonymical  notes.     Blanchard,  Ent.  Amer.,    1887,  v.  3,  p.  85— 88  ;  Trans.   Amer. 

Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  169—172. 
"  *'  Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,    1883,    v.  10,    p.  3—5  Proc; 

ibid.,  1886,   v.  13,  p.  7—13  Proc. 
"  "  Schwarz,  Ent.  Amer.,  1887,  v.  3,  p.  13—14. 

Species  described  by  Beauvois.     Ent.  Amer.,  1885,  v.  1,  p.  88 — 90. 

"    Bland.     Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1880,  v.  8,  p.  10—12  Proc 

"    Casey.     Ent.  Amer.,  1885,  v.  1,  p.  108—113. 

"    Kirby.     Ca.  Ent.,    1876,  v.  8,  p.  126—130;  150-151  ;    166— 

170  ;  190-193. 
"    Leconte  J.     Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1881,  v.  9,  p.  271—272. 
"    Leconte,  J.  L.     Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1881,  v.  9,  p.  179—270. 
"   Newman.     Ent.  Amer.,  1885,  v.  1,  p.  5—9  ;  52. 
"   Randall.    Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  1875,  v.  17,  p.  373—385. 
"    Walker.     Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  1870,  ser.  4,  v.  6,  p.  399-402. 
"   Ziegler.     Ca.  Ent.,  1885,  v.  7,  p.  131     132. 

CICINDELIDiE. 

Monograph.     Schaupp,     Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,   1883—1884,    v.  6,   p.   73—108  ;  121— 

126,  plates. 

CARABIDiE. 

Anillus.     Synoptic  table.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1888,  v.  15,  p.  26—27. 
Anophthalmus.     Synoptic  table.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,    1883,    v.  10,  p. 

270-271. 
Calathus.     Synoptic  table.     Leconte,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  6.  p.  49. 
Labia.     Synoptic  table.*     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  133—134. 
Agonoderus.     Synoptic  table.     Leconte,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  6,  p.  53 — 54. 
Discoderus.     Synoptic  table.     Horn,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  6,  p.  52—53. 
Stenolophus.     Synoptic  table.     Leconte,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  6,  p.  13—15. 
Acupalpus.     Synoptic  table.     Leconte,   Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  6,  p.  15. 
Bradycellus.     Synoptic  table.     Leconte,   Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  6,  p.  50. 
Tachycellus.     Synoptic  table.     Horn,    Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  6,  p.  51—52. 
Pseudomorpha.      Synoptic  table.      Horn,    Bull.  Br.  Ent.  S(m:.,   1883,    v.  6,   p.  16  ; 

Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  10,  p.  273. 

HYDROPHILIDiE. 

Note.  ■  Horn,  Ca.  Ent.,  1885,  v.  17,  p.  137     139. 
Tropisternus.     Ki-vision.     Sharp,  Trans.  Ent.  Soc  Lond.,  1883,  p.  91 — 117. 
Limnebius  (Limnocharis).      Synopsis.     Casey,   Bull.  Cal.  .Vcad.  Sci.,  1886,   v.  2, 

p.  167-171. 


*  Incomplete. 

EsTeMOLOGIC.\    .\MEBICAN.i.      VOL.    V. 


•Jl-LY    KS89. 


—  134— 

SCYDM^NIDiE. 

Eumicrus.     Synoptic  tahlc.     Casc-y,  Cont.  Col,  1884,  pt.  2,  \<.  87. 

PSELAPHIDiE. 

Nc-ci)  species.  Casey,  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  1887,  v.  2,  p.  455^482,  plate. 
Corrections.  Brendel,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1887,  v.  14,  p.  204—208. 
Synopsis  of  genera.     Brendel,  Trans.  Acad.  Sci.  St.  Louis,  1888,   v.  5,  p.  298 — 

302. 
Bryaxis   (Reichenbachia).      Synopsis.     Casey,    Bull.    Cal.   Acad.    Sci.,    1886;  v.  2, 

p.  i  80 -195. 
Trogaster  (Oropusj.     .Synopsis.     Casey,   Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  1886,   v.  2,   p.  196 

—201. 
Thesium.     Synopsis.     Casey,  Cont.  Col.,  1884,  pt.  2,  p.  117—119. 
Euplectus.     Synopsis.     Casey,  Cont.  Col,  1884,  pt.  2,  p.  94—117. 

STAPHYLINIDiE. 

Colusa.     Synopsis.     Casey,   Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  1885,  v.  1,  p.  288—296. 

Pontomalota.     Synopsis.     Casey,  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  1885,  v.  1,  p.  296—299. 

Philonthus.     Monograph.     Horn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  11,  p.  117—223. 

Actobius.     Monograpli.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,   v.  11,  p.  223—234. 

Cafius.     Monograph.      Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  11,  p.  234-239. 

Dianous.     Synopsis.     Casey,   Rev.  Stenini,  1884,  p.  8.-12. 

Stenus.     Synopsis.     Casey,   Rev.  Stenini,  1884,  p.  12—206. 

Euasthetus.     Synopsis.     Casey,  Cont.  Col.,  1884,  pt.  1,  p.  19—29. 

Edaphus.     Synopsis.     Casey,  Cont.  Col,  1884,  pt.  1,  p.  29—31. 

Cryptobium.     Synopsis.      Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,    1885,   v.  12,  p.  85—106, 

plates. 
Caloderma.     Re7iision.     Casey,   Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  5 — 12. 
Melon  iLithocharis).     Krc-ision.     Casey,   Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,   1886,   v.  2,  p.  14 

-29. 
Lithocharis   (Metaxyodonta).      Rer'ision.     Ca.sey.    Bull.    Cal    Acad.     Sci.,    1886, 

V.  2,  p.  29—32. 
Trogophloeus.     Kevisum.     Casey,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  1889,  v.  4,  p.  322—383. 
Apocellus.     Synopsis.     Casey,  Cont.  Col,  1884,  pt.  2,  p.  153--161. 
Amphichroum.     Synopsis.     Casey,   Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  235—241. 
Pelecomalium.     Svnopsis.     Casey,    liull  Cal.  Acad.  .Sci.,    1886,  v.  2,   p.  241—243. 
Orobanus.     ."Synopsis.     Casey,   Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  188(>,  v.  2,  p.  245—248. 
TRIdHOPTERYGID^. 
Synopsis.     Matthews,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  11,  p.  113-156. 
COLYDIID-(E. 
Lasconotus.     .Synoptic  tat'lc.      Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,    v.  12,   p.  141 

-  142. 

CUCUJIDiE. 

A'e7'ision.     Casey,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Sue,  1884,  v.  11,  p.  69 — 112,  plates. 


—  '3-5  — 

ELATERIDiE. 
Melasis.     Sr>n>/'s/s.      ilorii,    Trans.  Amcr.  Ijit.  Soc,  18.S(i,  v.  13,  p.  ('.—8. 
Tharops.     Sv/it>/>s/s.      Horn,  Trans.  Anier.  Knt.  Soc,  lS8(i,  v.  13,  p.  8 — 9. 
Stethon.     Discriptions.     Horn,  Trans.  Anier.  I'.nt.  Soc,  1886,  v.  13.  p.  12  — 14. 
Deltometopus.     Synopsis.      Horn,   Trans.  Anier.  Knt.  Soc,  1886,  v.  13,  p.  15 — 17. 
Dromaeolus.     Synopsis.     Horn,   Trans.  Amci'.  Knt.  Soc,  188(),  v.  13,  p.  17 — 23. 
Fornax.     Sy//,ipsis.     Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Knt.  Soc,  1886,  v.  13,  p.  24 — 28. 
Microrhagus.     Synopsis.     Horn,   Trans.  Amcr.  I-"nt.  Soc,  1SS6,  v.  13-,  p.  29—37. 
Hypoccelus.      Synopsis.     Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1886,  v.  13,  p.  44     45. 
Nematodes.     Synopsis.     Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1886,  v.  13,  p.  4U — 44. 
Phlegon.     Synopsis.     Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1886,  v.  13,  p.  47—48. 
Cardiophorus.     Synopsis.     Blanchard,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc. ,1889,  v.  16,  p.  1 — 27. 
Horistonotus.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,    1884,  v.  12,  p,  33  —  41. 
Esthesopus.     Synopsis.     Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  12,  p.  41 — 44. 
Elater.     Synoptic  table.      Leconte,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  12,  p.  8 — 15. 
Drasterius.     Synoptic  tabic.     Leconte,   Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  12,  p.  4-6. 
Megapenthes.     Synoptic  tabic.     Leconte,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  12,  p.  6 — 8. 
Ludius.     Synopsis.      Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  12,  p.  45 — 49. 
Agriotes.     Synoptic  tabic.     Leconte,   Trans,  .^m.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  12,  p.  15—19. 
Eniconyx.     Synopsis.      Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  12,  p.  51 — 52. 
Perothops.     Synopsis.      Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1886,  v.  13,  p.  53 — 54. 
Cerophytum.      Synopsis.      Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1886,  v.  13,  p.  50—52. 

THROSCIDiE. 

Synopsis.      Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  198   -2U8. 

BUPRESTID^. 

Gyascutus.     Synoptic  tabic.      Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  10,  p.  287. 
Hippomelas.      Synoptic  tabic.      Horn,  Trans.  .Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  10,  p.  288. 
Anthaxia.     .Votes.     Casey,  Cont.  Col.,  1884,  pt.  2,  p.  172-175. 
Chrysobothris.     Monograph.      Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1886,  v.  13,   p.  65  — 

124,   plates. 
Thrincopyge.      Synoptic  tabic.      Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.   12,  p.  147. 

LAMPYRIDiE. 

Zarhipis.      Synoptic  tabic.      Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885.  v.  12,  \\  14S. 

LUCANID/E. 
Platycerus.      Synoptic  tabic.     Cast-y,  Bull.  Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  1885,  v.  1,  \^.  332. 

SCARABiEIDiE. 
Canthon.      Synopsis.      Tilanchard,    Trans.  .'\m.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,   v.  12,  p.  163-167. 
Chceridium.      Characters.      Blanchard,   Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,    p.  170. 
Phanaeus.      Synopsis.      Blanchard,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  |i.  167  -169. 
iEgialia.      .Synopsis.      Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1887,  v.  14,  p.  98     105. 


—  136— 

Psammodius.     Syttopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Anier.  Ent.  Soc,  1887,  v.  14,  p.  92—98. 
Pleurophorus.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1887,  v.  14,  p.  90—92- 
Rhyssemus.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1887,  v.  14,  p.  87—90. 
Atsenius.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1887,  v.  14,  p.  67—86. 
Dialytes.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1887,  v.  14,  p.  65—67. 
Aphodius.      Synopsis.      Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  1887,  v.  14,  p.  2—64. 
Geotrupes.     Synopsis.     Blancliard,   Psyche,  1888,  v.  5,  p,  103—110. 
Glaresis.     Descriptions.      Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.i,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  117—118. 
Pleocoma.     Synoptic  tabic.     Horn,   Ent.  Amer.,  1888,  v.  3,  p.  233—235. 

Review.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1888,  v.  15,  p.  1 — 18,  plates. 
Lachnosterna.     Synonymical  notes.     Horn,  Ent.  Amer. ,  1887,  v.  3,  p.  141—145. 

Revision.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1887,  v.  14,  p.  209 — 
296,  plates. 

Notes.     Smith,  Insect  Life,  1888,  v.  1,  p.  180—185. 

Descriptions.*     Smith,   Ent.  Amer.,  1889,  v.  5,  p.  93—99. 
Phytalus.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  119-123. 
Anomala.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  11,  p.  157—164. 
Orizabus.     Descriptions.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  124—126. 
Cremastochilus.     Synoptic  table.*     Horn,   Trans.    Amer.  Ent.  Soc,    1885,  v.   12, 

p.  126-128. 

CERAMBYCID-(E. 

Synonymical  notes.     Gahan,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1888,  v.  14,  p.  299—300. 
Mallodon.     Synoptic  table.     Horn,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  9— 10. 
Derobrachus.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  11. 
Prionus.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  57—59. 
Homaesthesis.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,    Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p,  57—59. 
Asemum.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  62—63. 
Criocephalus.      Synoptic  table,     Leng,   Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  63—64. 
Tetropium.      C/iaracte7-s.     Leng,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  95—96. 
Physocnemum.     Characters.     Leng,   Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  97. 
Hylotrupes.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  98. 
Phymatodes.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  98—101. 
Callidium.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  112—113. 
Xylocrius.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Bull.  B^-.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  113-114. 
Oeme       .Synoptic  table.     Leng,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  7,  p.  116. 
Achryson.      .Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  7,  p.  117. 
Gracilia.      Synoptic  table.      Leng,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,. 1885,  v.  7,  p.  118. 
Brothylus.      .Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Ikill.   Br.  Ent.  -Soc,  1885,  v.  7,  p.  119. 
Eburia.      Synoptic  table.      Leng,   Ent.  Amer.,  1885,  v.  1,  p.  28-29. 
Romaleum.      .Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Eiit.  Amer.,  1885,  v.  1,  p.  29  -31. 
.Votes.      Horn,   Ent.  .-Xmt-r.,  188;'),  v.  1.  p.  130. 

*    Incomplete. 


—137— 

Elaphidion.     Syuof'tic  table.     Leng,  Ent.  Amer.,  1885,  v.  1,  p.  31—34. 
Aneflus.     Synoptic  table.     Lent;,  Ent.  Amer..  1885,  v.  1,  p.  34—35;    Horn,   ibid., 

p.  131     l:i3. 
Compsa.     Synoptic  table.     Lencr,   Ent.  Amer.,  1885f  v,  1,  p.  134-135. 
Heterachthes.      Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Ent.  Amer..  1885,  v.  1,  p.  135. 
Phyton.      Characters.     Leng,    Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  28. 
Obrium.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  28. 
Hybodera.     Synoptic  table.     Len.-.    Ent.  Anier.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  28—29. 
Callimus.      Characters.     Leng,    Kn'.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  29. 
Molorchus.      Synoptic  table.     Ling,   Ent.  Amc-r.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  30. 
Callimoxys.      Synoptic  tat>le.     Leng,   Ent.  A  ner.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  29-30. 
Rhopalophora.     Synoptic  tabu.     Leng,   Ent.  .\mer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  30  —  31. 
Elytroleptus.      Synoptic  table.     Leng,  Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  31-32. 
Callichroma.      Synoptic  table.     Len-,   Ent.  Amer.,  188(i,  v.  2,  p.  61. 
Stenaspis.     Characters.     Leng,   Ent,  Am -r.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  62. 
Crioprosopus.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  62. 
Tragidion.      Synoptic  table.     Leng,    Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  81. 
Purpuricenus.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,    Ent.  Amer.,    1886,  v.  2.  p.  81 — 82. 
Metaleptus.     S  noptic  table.     Leng,  Ent.  Amer.,  1836,  v.  2,  p.  82. 
./Ethecerus.      Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  82. 
Amannus.      Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  83. 
Batyle.      Synoptic  table.     Leng,  Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  102. 
Oxoplus.      Synoptic  table.      Horn,   Trans.  Am.  Ent    .Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  175  —  176; 

Leng,  Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,    p.  102-103. 
Tylosis.      Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  118. 
Crossidius.      Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  118  —  119. 
Stenosphenus.      Synopsis.      Horn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  177 — 180. 

Synoptic  table.     Lt-ng,    Ent.  Amer.,  1887,  v.  2,  p.  193-194. 
Cyllene.     Synoptic  table.     Leng,  Ent.  Amer.,  1887,  v.  2,  p.  195  —  197. 
Calloides.     .Synoptic  table.     Leng,  Ent.  Amer.,  1887,  v.  2,  p.  197. 
Clytus.     .Synoptic  table.     Leng,   Ent.  Amer.,  1887,  v.  2,  p.  198. 
Xylotrechus.     Synopsis.     Leng,  Ent.  Amer.,  1887,  v.  2,  p.  198-200  ;  v.  3,  p.  4. 
Neoclytus.     Synopsis.     Leng,  Ent.  Amer.,  1887,  v.  3,  p.  4 — 8. 
Clytanthus.      Characters.     Leng,   Ent.  Amer.,  1887,  v.  3,  p.  23. 
Euderces.     Synopsis.     Leng,  Ent.  Amer.,  1887,  v.  3,  p.  24;  44. 
Monilema.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  180—190. 
Monohammus.    Synopsis.    Horn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  190 — 193. 
Dorcaschema,     Synoptic  table.     Horn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  194. 
Goes.     Synoptic  table.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  193. 
Eupogonius.     Synoptic  table.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,   1885,  v.  12,  p.  196. 
Oncideres.     Synoptic  table.    Horn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  194 — 195. 
Dysphaga.    Synoptic  table.    Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  197. 

ElSTOMOLOGICA   AlIEKICANA.      VOL.    V.  5  JULT   1889. 


-.38- 

CHRYSOMELID/E.. 

Chrysochus.      Synoptic  tabic.      Horn,  Tian-^.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  156. 
Graphops  (Scelodonta).     Synoptic  tabic.      Lei.onte,  Tran?.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  188-1, 

V.  12,  p.  26—27. 
Halticinae.      Notes.     Jiicoby,  t.ans.  Amer.   Ent.  Soc,    1888,    v.    14,    p.  302-303; 

l-lorn,  ibid.,  p.  303     304. 
Microrhopala.     Synopsis.      Horn,   Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,   1883,  v.  10,  p.  290     294. 
Odontota.      Synopsis.      Horn,   Tran?.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc.  1883,  v.  10,  p.  294-2:i«. 
Charistena.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amei".  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  10,  p.  298—299. 
Octotoma.      Descriptions.    Horn,   Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  10,  p.  299—300. 
Stenispa.     Synopsis.     Horn,   Trans  .\nier.  Ei*.  Soc,  1883,  v.  10,  p.  301-302. 

BRUCHID^. 
Zabrotes.      Synopsis.      Horn.   Trans.  Amer.  Eiu.  Soc,  18.^5,  v.  12,  p.  156—159. 

TENEBRIONIDiE. 
Eusattus.     Synoptic  tabic.     Horn,   Tran.-.  Am.  Eni.  Soc,  1883,  v.  10,  p.  304—305. 

LAGRIIDi^. 
Synopsis.     Horn,   Tran-.  Amer.  Ent.  S  'C,  1888,  v.  15,  p.  28  -  32. 
MELANDRYID^. 
Hypulus.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1888,  v.  15,  pi  39—42. 
Eustrophus.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Tran?.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1888,  v.  15,  p.  32—35. 
Holostrophus.      Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1888,  v.  15,  p.  36—37. 
Orchesia.     Synopsis.      Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1888,  v.  15,  p.  37—38. 

PYTHIDiE. 
Pytho.     Synopsis.      Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1888,  v.  15,  p.  45—46. 

ANTHICIDiE. 
Corphyra.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  10,  p.  305 — 310. 
Notoxus.     Synopsis.     Horn,   Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  10,  p.  165 — 174. 
Mecynotarsus.     Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,   v.  11,  p.  175 — 176. 

PYROCHROID^. 
Dendroides.      Synopsis.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1888,  v.  15,  p.  46—48. 

MELOIDiE. 
Macrobasis.    Synoptic  tabic.    Horn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  109—110. 
Tetraonyx.     Synoptic  table.    Horn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1885,  v.  12,  p.  116. 
Pyrota.     Descriptions.     Horn,  Trans.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1885.  v.  12,  p.  112 — 115. 
Cantharis.    Synoptic  table.''    Horn,  Tr.ms.  Amer.  Ent.  Soc,  1883,  v.  10,  p.  311. 

OTIORHYNCHIDiE. 
Epicaerus.     Synoptic  table.    Casey,   Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  1888,  v.  4,  p.  234. 
Amotus.     Synoptic  table.     Casey,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  1888,  v.  4,  p.  244. 
Amnesia.     Synoptic  table.''  Casey,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  1888,  v.  4,  p.  247. 
Sciopithes.     Synoptic  table.*  Casey,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  1888,  v.  4,  p.  254. 
Elissa.      Synoptic  table.     Casey,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  1888,  v.  4,  p.  272. 
Scythropus.     Synoptic  fable.*  Casey,  Ann.  N.  Y.  Acad.  Sci.,  1888,  v.  4,  p.  275. 

CURCULIONID^. 
Apioninae.     Synopsis.     Smith,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  11,  p.  41 — 68,  plate. 
Balaninus.      Synoptic  table.   Blanchard,  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc,  1884,  v.  8,  p,  106—108. 

SCOLYTIDiE. 
Azotes.     Schwarz,   Ent.  Amer.,  1886,  v.  2,  p.  40—42  ;  54-56. 

*  Incomplete. 


— 139— 

Note  on  Fornax  calceatus  Say,  and  F.    Hornii  Bo?w.,  and 

on  Corymbites  divaricatus  Lee.   and  C.  crassus  Lee. 

Bv  Frederick  Blanchard. 


Mr.  Chas.  Dun'  has  mentioned  in  Ent.  Amer. ,  vol.  IV,  p.  163, 
that  Fornax  Hornii  is  the  9  ^'^  calceatus.  I  had  not  identified  the 
former,  but  on  exhibiting  to  Dr.  Horn  a  series  o{  calceatus,  assorted  ac- 
cording to  sex,  he  at  once  remarked  thai  the  9  ^^''^'^  what  is  described 
as  LLornii.  The  antenna;  art;  slender  and  filiform,  in  the  (^  reaching 
three  joints  beyond  the  hind  angles  of  ih-  ihorax  and  as  far  as  the  hind 
coxze,  but  in  the  9  <^^nly  extending  one  j"int  behind  the  thoracic  angles; 
the  second  joint  is  inserted  beneath  the  apex  (jf  the  first  so  as  to  be 
partly  hidden  i\\m\  above,  when  observeil  from  below,  however,  in  the 
(^,  the  second,  third  and  fourth  joints  appear  to  be  about  equal  in 
length,  or  the  third  may  be  a  trifle  longer  ;  in  the  9'  ^^e  third  joint  is 
quite  distinctly  longer  than  the  second  or  fourth,  and  on  this  difference 
chieflw  is  based  the  name  Hornii-,  the  second  joint  is  not  really  shorter 
than  in  the  (^,  but  it  looks  shorter  in  comparison  with  the  greater  length 
of  the  third. 

I  observe  that  in  this  species  and  also  in  three  species  of  Dromce- 
olus.  basalis,  cylindricollis  and  striatus,  which  are  before  me,  all  having 
filiform  antennae,  that  the  thighs  are  rather  deeply  grooved  and  broad  at 
the  apex,  the  lower  angle  being  laminiform  and  partly  protecting  the 
tibiae  in  repose.  In  Droma;olus pusillus,  having  serrate  antenna;,  the  thighs 
though  grooved  beneath  for  the  reception-  of  the  tibicC  are  narrowed  at 
tip  without  distinct  expansion  of  the  angle.  In  Fornax  calceatus  the 
claws  are  also  simple  as  in  Drofnceolus  ;  the  coxal  plates  are  strongly 
dilated  inwardlv  and  usually  strongly  angulale,  but  specimens  occur 
with  the  posterior  inner  angle  considerable  rounded.  The  (^  has  the 
thorax  more  narrowed  in  front  ;  the  lateral  pieces  of  the  ^  intromittent 
organ  have  a  hook-like  barb  at  tip. ' 

The  larger  female  greatly  exceeds  the  male  in  size,  the  (^  being 
4.5—5  mm.,  and  the  9   5 — 7  "i""*- 

The  species  occurs  rather  abundantly  in  Mass.  and  N.  Y.,  under 
bark  of  pine  stumps  in  May. 

The  only  other  species  of  Fornax  at  hand  as  I  write  is  orchesides, 
which  has  toothed  claws,  the  antenna;  are  strongly  serrate  and  do  not 
differ  appreciably  in  the  sexes,  the  second  joint  is  here  really  very  short 
while  the  third  is  longer  than  the  fourth  and  equally  broad.  The  eyes 
encroach  more  upon  the  antennal  grooves  than  in  calceatus,  in  fact  com- 
pletely occupying  them.    The  thighs  are  grooved  beneath,  but  narrowed 


— 140 — 

at  tip  and  not  distinctly  laminate.  The  (^  organ  has  the  barbs  of  the 
corneous  lateral  valves  very  remote  from  the  tips. 

From  the  foregoing  it  would  see  n  that  F.  calceahis  is  more  nearly 
allied  to  certain  Dromceolus  than  to  F.  oixhesides. 

Corymbites  divaricatus  Lee. — On  comparing  notes  with  INIr. 
Ulke  it  was  observed  that  the  9  of  this  species  is  the  crasstis  of  Leconte. 
Although  placed  in  different  sections  of  the  genus  the  suggestion  of  iheir 
identity  once  made,  the  conclusion  is  inevitable.  The  (^  antennse  are 
serrate  and  longer  than  the  head  and  thorax,  the  second  joint  is  shorter 
and  thicker  than  the  third,  the  tiiird  is  a  Httle  shorter  than  the  fourth, 
gradually  thicker  tow.irds  the  ti]),  but  not  iiroad  like  tlie  fourth  and  fol- 
lowing joints.  The  thorax  of  the  (^  is  much  narrower  than  the  elytra, 
the  sides  straight  or  nearly  so,  gradually  diverging  from  apex  nearly  to 
the  base,  thence  the  angles  are  produced  and  very  strongly  diverging. 
The  elytral  strice  are  about  as  wide  as  the  intervals  and  with  close,  deeply 
impressed,  quadrate  punctures.  In  the  male  the  body  is  much  inflated, 
generally  darker  in  color,  piceous  above  and  beneath  and  more  shining. 
The  thorax  is  very  convex  and  as  wide  as  the  base  of  the  elytra,  and  the 
angles  but  feebly  diverging.  The  antennae  are  about  two-thirds  as  long 
as  in  the  ^,  very  feebly  serrate,  the  fourth  and  following  joints  much 
shortened  and  hence  the  third  jt)int  is  quite  as  long  as  the  fourth,  but 
narrower.      The  tarsi,  especially  the  anterior  ones,  are  shorter  m  the  (^. 


To  Whom  it  May  Concern. 


Editor  Entomglogica  Americana  : 

In  a  Kcent  issue  you  mention  that  Prof.  Fernald  contemplates  a 
visit  to  Europe  the  present  Summer  in  order  to  examine  types,  and  by 
way  of  comment  object  to  the  wholesale  American  type-making  over 
there.  Your  views  startle  me  1  I  have  somehow  received  the  impression 
that  "  Gattung-  und  Arten-macherei  "  was  the  highest  ambition  of  the 
entomologist,  and  to  rob  our  transatlantic  confreres  of  that  sweet  satis- 
faction would  be  cruel.  And  beside,  what  have  types  to  do  with  the 
matter  ;  they  would  only  the  sooner  consign  the  myriads  of  mihis  to  the 
maelstrom  of  synonyms.  ' 

In  the  recent  transactions  of  the  French  Entomological  Society 
there  are  "diagnoses"  of  eighty-six  "new  "  species  of  Diptera,  nearly  all 
North  American  TachinidcB  and  Dexidce.  They  average  about  sixty 
words  to  the  "description,"  and  some  of  them  do  not  exceed  fifteen. 
Now,  while  it  may  be  true  that  the  species  of  these  families  are  easily 


—  141  — 

recognizable  from  descriptions,  so  much  so  that  hardly  any  one  ever 
takes  the  troubte  to  determine  them  at  all,  yet  I  would  very  respectfully 
submit  that  a  few  words  more,  or  at  least  some  vague  intimation  that 
other  species  of  the  family  had  been  previously  described,  might  throw 
some  light  upon  their  s}-nonyniy.  Palaeontologists  may  properly  erect 
a  new  species  on  a  fossil  foot,  but  when  the  entomologist  attempts  the 
same  with  a  fly's  foot,  or  other  membra  disjecta^  one  can  only  ask  that 
the  author  give,  at  least,  a  good  description  of  the  claws. 

It  is  probable  that  the  above  mentioned  Latin  diagnoses  will  be 
followed  sometime  in  the  future  by  French  translations,  and  ihe  author 
will  then  add  eighty-three  more  mihis  to  his  already  plethoric  list  of 
North  Aiperican  "species."  ]Mr.  Leveille,  at  a  recent  seance  of  the 
Society,  proposed  that  it  should  form  a  collection  of  types,  especially 
of  the  insects  described  in  the  Annales.  I  can  assure  him  that  a  col- 
lectiun  of  such  types  as  the  above  mentioned  flies  will  be  in  great 
demand — for  the  determination  of  synonyms,  or  for  purposes  of  de- 
scription. The  TachinidcB  are  such  an  attractive  family  of  insects  that 
it  shows  much  prudence  in  publishing  diagnoses,  and  thus  saving  the 
mihis.  The  half  dozen  active  dipterologists  of  the  world  are  probably 
all  looking  with  envious  eyes  at  the  author's  good-fortune. 

But  the  subject  takes  one's  breath  away ;  it  can  only  be  character- 
ized b}-  a  ver\-  big  O  !  ! 

New  Haven,   May  25,  188 g.  S.   W.   Williston. 


NOTE  BY  EDITOR. 

Dr.  Williston  speaks  feelingly  and  we  sympathize  with  him.  We 
have  been  in  precisely  the  same  frame  of  mind,  and  can  testify  that 
nothing  is  so  certain  to  make  a  man  unutterably  weary  and  to  force  him 
to  the  conviction  that  after  all  marriage  is  a  failure,  as  the  receipt  of  a 
paper  containing  a  lot  of  "new  species,"  just  about  the  time  when  one 
begins  to  feel  that  light  is  ahead  and  the  weary  work  of  making  the  ac- 
quaintance of  adamized  species  at  an  end.  If  a  paper  be  really  good, 
this  feeling  does  not  exist.  We  refer  only  to  the  variety  (it  may  be  a 
species)  which  seems  to  have  aroused  Dr.  Williston's  ire,  where  you  can 
read  the  "diagnoses"  forward,  backward  and  from  the  middle,  without 
being  at  all  clear  whether  after  all  the  characters  given  apply  to  twenty, 
or  only  to  fifteen  species.  The  matter  ought  really  to  be  brought  to  the 
attention  of  the  Society  for  the  Suppression  of  Vice,  or  some  similar 
society,  for  I  am  quite  certain  that  a  more  vicious  condition  of  mind 
could  not  possibly  be  aroused  even  by  an  undraped  cigarette  picture 
than  by  such  a  publication  as  mentioned  by  Dr.  Williston  ! 


142 

NOTES   ON    HETEROCERUS. 

By  Geo.  H.  Horn,  M.  D. 


While  attempting  to  bring  order  in  an  overcrowded  box  in  my 
cabinet,  the  specimens  of  Heterocerus  had  to  be  removed  and  their  re- 
placement elsewhere  has  cost  me  some  little  trouble  in  an  attempt  to 
assort  the  specimens  specifically.  While  I  have  not  yet  been  able  to 
satisfy  myself  as  to  the  validity  of  some  of  Kiesenwetter's  species,  certain 
points  of  some  interest  have  been  developed. 

H.  pusillus  Say,  Umbahis  Kies. ,  luteolus  Lee.  This  species  is  re- 
markable in  that  the  rj*  has  at  the  base  of  the  mandibles  a  lobe  which 
overlaps  the  labrum,  nearly  meeting.  This  is  our  smallest  species  and 
is  very  widely  distributed.  Dr.  Hamilton  takes  it  at  Allegheny,  Pa., 
and  I  have  it  from  Kansas,  Texas,  Arizona,  Southern  California  and 
Mexico. 

H.  pallidus  Say.  This  is  the  large  pale  species  taken  rather 
abundantly  by  Prof  Snow  in  Kansas  and  N.  Mex. ,  extending  also  to 
Arizona  and  Texas. 

Three  species  have  been  observed  in  which  the  labrum,  ^,  is  more 
or  less  produced  at  middle — labraius,  ventralis  fUnd  pallidus. 

It  is  my  hope  to  make  it  possible  to  determine  our  species,  but  the 
difficulty  of  obtaining  specimens  from  the  region  east  of  the  Mississippi 
is  a  great  draw-back.  No  one  seems  to  have  collected  them,  and  one 
or  two  specimens  by  themselves  are  of  little  use. 

From  the  western  regions  (Cal. ,  Ariz.,  Tex.,)  there  is  an  abund- 
ance of  material.  If  those  who  can  collect  them  will  take  as  many  as 
possible  and  thereby  assist  in  the  work  I  have  in  hand,  all  will  be 
benefited. 


Book  Notices. 


Bulletin  No.  i,  of  the  Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture  is  at  hand,  and  contains  the  organization  of  the 
various  stations  and  matter  of  interest  necessarily  to  entomologists.  In 
a  late  number  of  Entomologica  Americana  there  was  published  a  list  of 
the  entomologists  of  the  experiment  stations  which  is  rather  incomplete 
and  not  quite  accurate.  The  receipt  of  this  bulletin  makes  a  more 
complete  list  possible. 

Arkansas — C.  W.  Woodworth,  B.  S., Little  Rock,  Arkansas. 

^California— F.  W.  IMorse, Berkeley,  Cal. 

Connecticut — Has  no  entomologist,    but   Dr.    Roland   Thaxter,    the 
mycologist,  is  well  known  as  a  good  Lepidopterist,    and  prob- 


—  143— 

ablv  does  what  is  necessary.      The  station    is    at   New    Haven, 
Conn. 

Dakota— J.  H.  Orcutt,  iNI.  D.,  Ph.  D. Brookings,  Dak. 

Delaware— M.  H.  Beckwiih Newark,  Del. 

Florida  -Jos.  N.  Neal, Lake  City,  Fla. 

Georgia— J.  P.  Campbell,  Ph.  D. , Athens,  Ga. 

Illinois — Has  no  entomologist  on  the  station  staff",  but  Prof.  S.  A. 
Forbes,  Champaign,  111.,  is  state  entomologist,  and  Dr.  Selim 
Peabody,  director  of  the  Station  at  Champaign,  is  an  entomo- 
logist of  excellent  standing. 

Indiana— F.  M.   Webster, Lafayette,  Ind. 

Iowa— C.  P.  Gillette,  M.  Sc Ames,   Iowa. 

Kansas— Edwin  A.  Popenge,  A.  M., Manhattan,  Kans. 

Maine— F.  M.  Harvey,  M.  Sc, Orono  Maine. 

Massachusetts— Chas.  H.  Fernald,  Ph.  D., Amherst,  Mass. 

Michigan — ^A.  J.  Cook,  M.  Sc Agricultural  College,  Mich. 

Arthur  B.  Cordley,B.  S.,K..       " 
Charles  B.  Cook,  B.  S.,     f^^'^'^     " 

Minnesota— Otto  Lugger,  Ph.  D., St.  Anthony  Park,  ^linn. 

*Mississippi— S.  M.  T  racey, Agricultural  College,    ^liss. 

Missouri  —J.  W.  Clark,  B.  S., Columbia,  Mo. 

Nebraska — Lawrence  Bruner, Lincoln,  Nebr. 

New  Jersey — John  B.  Smith, New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

New  York— J.  H.  Comstock,  B.  S., Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Prof  J.  A.  Lintner,  State  entomologist,  .  .Albany,  N.  Y. 

Ohio — Clarence  M.  Weed,  B.  Sc, Columbus,  Ohio. 

South  Carolina— G.  F.  Atkinson,  Ph.  B., Columbia,  S.  C. 

*Texas — M.  Francis, College  Station,  Tex. 

Tennessee — Henry  E.  Summers,  B.  S., Knoxville,   Tenn. 

Vermont — G.  H.  Perkins,  Ph.  D.,    Burlington,  Vt. 

Virginia — William  B.  Alwood, Blacksburg,  Va. 

*  P'jom  a  list  published  in  April  number  of  Psyche. 

We  should  be  pleased  to  be  kept  informed  of  additions  to  or  changes 

in  this  list,  and  should  be  pleased  also  if  these  gendemen  would  send 

their  publications  to  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  so  that  their 

works  may  become  known  to  our  members.  J.   B.   S. 

*  * 

* 

Injurious  and  other  Insects  of  the   State    of  New  York,    by  J.  A.  Lintner, 

Ph.  D.,    State  Entomologist. 

We  have  received  from  the  author  the  Fourth  Annual  Report.  The 
preceding  reports  were  among  the  best  of  their  kind  published  in  this 
country,  and  have  placed  Dr.  Lintner  among  the  highest  as  a  careful 
and  reliable  observer.  The  present  report  is  a  worthy  companion  to 
those  that  have  preceded  it.  It  is  most  excellent  in  the  value  of  its  in- 
formation, and  the  methods  in  which  that  information  is  presented. 
Some  thirty  species  are  treated  of  quite  at  length,  and  many  brief  notes 
are  given.  The  author,  page  44,  describes  as  new,  Aulacovierus  lufescens, 
and  gives  drawings  of  larva  and  imago.  G.   D.    H. 


—144— 
Society  News. 

At  the  June  (lOth,)  meeting  of  the  American  Entomological  Society,  Dr.  Horn 
stated  that  a  professional  sister  had  brought  him  some  small  beetles  which  a  patient 
of  hers  declares  issue  from  httle  pustules  on  her  body,  each  in  a  little  lump  of  pus. 
The  beetles  are  Lathridiids  and  Dr.  Horn  declared  it  an  utter  impossibility  not  only 
that  they  should  have  developed  in  the  closed  pustules  but  that  the  beetle  could 
sustain  life  in  them.  It  is  a  case  of  voluntary  or  involuntary  deception  of  the  physi- 
cian by  the  patient,  such  as  one  must  constantly  guard  against.  Prof.  J.  B.  Smith 
gave  some  examples  of  similar  instances  of  voluntary  or  involuntary  deception  prom- 
inent among  which  are  the  many  cases  of  larvae  of  Eristalis  tenax  said  to  have  been 
passed  by  patients,  and  one  case  where  a  large  living  Cerambycid  larva  was  said  to 
have  been  vomited.  All  these  cases,  when  sifted,  leave,  as  in  the  spider  bite  cases,  a 
considerable  element  of  doubt.  A  discussion  was  started  on  the  unreliability  of  lay 
testimony,  in  which  Drs.  Mc.  Cook,  Skinner  and  Castle  took  part,  in  wliich  were  re- 
lated cases  ot  spider  bites  sifted,  and  a  case  where  a  lizard,  said  to  have  been  living 
for  a  long  time  in  the  body  of  a  patient,  was  dissected,  and  in  which  were  found 
abundant  undigested  remains  of  insects  of  several  ordeis. 

Dr.  Skinner  gave  the  results  of  some  observations  m.ide  by  Mr.  Aaron  and  him- 
self on  the  oviposition  oi  Argyninis  and  he  finds  that  all  observed  species  drop  their 
eggs  while  hovering  over  the  food  plant,  and  cKi  not  oviposit  on  leaves. 

Frof.  Smith  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  Crioceris  asparagi  stridulates,  and 
describes  the  stridulating  organ.  The  fact  is  well  known  in  Europe,  but  has  not 
been  noted  before  in  this  country. 


A  Curious  Deformity  in  Cychrus. 


A  male  specimen  of  Cychrus  nitidicollis  Chev.,  var. 
brevoorti  Lee,  collected  by  Morrison  in  North  Carolina, 
presents  a  curious  deformity.  As  shown  in  the  figure,  the 
thorax  and  base  of  the  elytra  are  connected  by  an  oval, 
slightly  flattened  tubercle  rigidly  uniting  the  two,  and  thus 
preventing  the  normal  movements  of  the  thorax. 

G.   W.  J.   Angell. 


Rhinebeck,  N.  K,  June  lO,  i88g. 
Dear  Sir : — I  noticed  in  the  May  number  of  "Ent.  Amer."  a 
method  of  relaxing  Lepidoptera  by  means  of  alcohol,  which  I  have  tried 
during  the  past  week.  I  used  a  bowl  with  alcohol  in  the  bottom,  a  wire 
gauze  to  hold  the  specimens,  and  covered  with  a  plate.  It  worked  well, 
much  better  than  water,  and  I  found  that  specimens  relaxed  better, 
dried  quicker,  and  were  not  moulded.  I  wish  to  thank  you  for  the 
suggestion.  Harrison  G.   Dyar. 


¥0L.  V. 


BROOKLYN,  ilUGUST,  1889. 


NO. 


CONTRIBUTIONS    TOWARD    A    MONOGRAPH    OF 

THE  NOCTUIDy^  OF  TEMPERATE  NORTH 

AMERICA:    GENUS    OLIGIA    HUBNER* 

By  John  B.   Smith. 


Genus  OLIGIA  Hidmer. 
Verzeichni^s  bek.  Schmett.  404. 

Mr.  Grote  characterizes  the  subgenus  Oligia,  as  follows: — "A 
slight  form,  allied  to  Hadena,  apparently  disiinguishat  le  by  the  more 
curved  divaricate  labial  palpi.  Antennas  in  the  male  simple,  pubescent 
beneath.  Eyes  naked  with  short  black  la-hes.  The  thoracic  squamaiion 
consists  of  narrow  scales.  Maxillse  rather  weak.  Abdomen  linear  ; 
collar  broad  ;  thorax  crested  behind  ;  front  broad,  exceeded  by  the 
palpi.  Legs  unarmed  ;  the  median  spurs  of  hind  tibiae  situate  without 
the  middle  of  the  joint."  To  this  may  be  added  that  the  wings  are  ob- 
tuse, and  that  the  anal  tuft  of  the  male  is  rather  larger  than  usual.  The 
genus  is  not  a  strongly  characterized  one,  and  its  characters  are  mostly 
negative.  The  species  are  small  in  size,  closely  scaled  as  a  rule,  the 
maculation  usually  distinct,  and  the  t.  p.  line  always  even  and  a  little 
outivardly  oblique /rom  costa — this  latter  being  rather  an  unusual  character 
and  distinctive  of  the  genus. 

Of  the  species  listed  in  our  catalogues  those  described  by  Guenee 
have  never  before  been  satisfactorily  identified,  and  several  different 
forms  have  done  duty  as  Hiibner's  chalcedonia.  By  careful  comparisons 
of  long  series  of  specimens  with  the  descriptions,  I  have  succeeded  in 
definitely  fixing  the  species  intended  by  both  Hiibner  and  Guenee. 

At  the  head  of  this  series  comes /estivoides,  distinguished  by  shorter, 
comparatively  broader  primaries,  bright  color,   and  large,    oblique  reni- 


*  See  Ento.  Amer.,  vol.  V,  105,  for  introduction  to  this  series. 
Entomologica  Americana.    Vol.  V.  6 


August  1889. 


— 146 — 

form,  outwardly  deeply  indented  and  black  marked.  In  common  with 
the  two  following  species  this  has  a  pale  apical  spot,  and  a  well  marked 
claviform. 

Chalcedonia  is  narrower-winged  with  similar  maculation,  save  that 
the  reniform  is  smaller,  and  narrow  ;  the  costal  region  is  also  pale  as  a 
rule.     The  secondaries  are  white,  hyalme,  in  both  sexes. 

Exesa  is  larger  and  more  robust,  more  evenly  colored  ;  but  else 
very  like  chalcedonia  in  maculation.  The  secondaries  are  fuscous 
brown. 

The  other  species  lack  the  apical  pale  spot  and  the  claviform,  the 
type  of  maculation  being  otherwise  the  same. 

Fuscimacula  is  a  very  pretty,  evenly  colored  species,  grayish  fuscous, 
the  lines  broad,  pale  and  well  defined,  and  the  ordinary  spots  dusky. 

Grata,  or  rasilis  as  it  is  generally  named,  is  red-brown,  the  median 
lines  narrow  and  white,  renifurm  strongly  constricted,  with  a  dusky  spot 
above  and  below. 

Paginata  is  dull,  smoky  fuscous,  the  maculation  obscure  and  only 
the  median  lines  well  marked  and  dark — decidedly  different  from  all 
allied  forms. 

Versicolor  Grt. ,  is  known  to  me  in  nature,  and  I  have  given  the  de- 
scription a  place  next  to  chalcedonia  which  it  seems  most  nearly  allied 
to,  not  having  been  able  to  obtain  a  specimen  for  study  at  the  time  of 
writing. 

In  synoptic  form  the  species  will  appear  as  follows  : 

Apical  spot  and  claviform  present. 

Reniform  large,  oval,  indenttd  outwardly  and  black  marked  ;  primaries  proportion- 
ately shorter  and  broader festivoides 

Narrower  winged,  reniform  smaller  and  narrow. 

Size  smaller,  costa  usually  discolorous  paler,  secondaries  hyaline,  whitish  in  both 

sexes chalcedonia 

Size  larger,  color  more  even,  secondaries  fuscous  brown exesa 

Primaries  without  claviform  or  pale  apical  spot. 

Ground  color  yellowish-gray  or  fuscous,  ordinary  spots  dusky,  median  lines  broad, 

paler,  well  defined fuscimacula 

Ground  color  red-brown,  median  lines  narrow,  pale  ;  reniform  strongly  constricted, 

with  a  dusky  spot  above  and  below grata 

Dull  smoky  fuscous,  maculation  obscure  ;  median  lines  dark  broad paginata 

The  species  all  agree  in  the  general  type  of  male  genitalia.  In  all 
the  harpes  (which  I  have  heretofore  called  the  ''side  pieces" — for  my 
term  supra-anal  plate  I  shall  hereafter  use  the  term  uncus,)  are  elongate, 
narrow,  with  a  rounded  tip,  somewhat  curved,  and  broadening  suddenly 
toward  base,  where  the  clasper  is  inserted.  This  latter  is  very  various 
in  form  and  will  be  described  with  the  species. 


—147- 


Harpes  and  claspers  of  \.—0.  festivoides  \  2.  —  O.  exes  a  ;  S.  —  O.  chalcedonia; 
4.  —  O.  fiisciitiaculata  ;  5.  —  O.  grata. 

O.  festivoides  Guen.,  Noel,  i,  220,  Ceiccna,  1852  ;  Grt.,  Bull.  Surv.  6,  261, 
Oiigia  ;  Wlk.,  Cat.  B.  Mus.,  Het.  X,  261  (1856),   Celcena. 

Head  and  thorax  carneous  gray,  collar  a  rieh  dark  brown.  Primaries  a  fine 
vinous  brown  or  red,  the  basal  and  costal  region  suffused  with  carneous  gray.  T.  a. 
line  upright,  feebly  sinuous,  geminate,  more  or  le?s  obh'terated  by  the  gray  suffusion 
but  sometimes  very  distinct.  T.  p.  line  geminate,  bent  over  reni^orm  on  costa  then 
Straight  to  internal  margin,  accompanied  by  a  more  or  less  evident  gray  shade. 
Claviform  present,  small,  pale,  dark  ringed,  rarely  complete,  often  entii'ejy  obscured, 
but  usually  the  lower  half  visible.  Reniform  rather  large,  oblique,  deeply  indented 
outwardly,  pale,  the  superior  portion  usually  merged  into  the  pale  costal  shade. 
Between  the  reniform  and  the  t.  p.  line  is  a  black  spot,  which  extends  round  the  in- 
terior margin  of  the  reniform,  and  between  it  and  the  orbicular  to  the  costal  pale 
shade,  A  somewhat  yellowish  apical  patch  before  which  there  is  a  darker  patch  on 
costa  ;  from  this  the  irregular,  pale,  and  interrupted  s.  t.  line  extends  through  the 
darker  terminal  space.  A  row  of  black  terminal  spots.  Secondaries  in  the  male 
hyaline  at  base,  the  veins  and  outer  margins  smoky  ;  in  the  female  smoky.  Beneath, 
primaries  glistening,  smoky  brown,  secondaries  paler,  powdery  and  with  a  distinct 
discal  spot. 

Expands,  .88 — i.oo  inch.  =  22 — 25  mm. 

Habitat.  —  Can.  to  Fla.  to  Texas,  West  to  the  Mississippi. 
A  decidedly  variable  and  yet  characteristic  species.     It  is  always 
readily  recognizable  by  the  brown  collar  and  the  large,  oblique  reniform, 


— 140— 

outwardly  deeply  indented  and  black  marked.  There  is  also  more  or 
less  black  between  the  ordinary  spots.  The  female  is  very  often  quite 
uniform  in  color,  the  markings  disappearing  in  the  uniform  soft  gray 
tint,  and  the  characteristic  reniform  alone  showing  prominently — from 
this  form  to  the  typical  strongly  marked  male  all  intergrades  are  present. 

This  is  the  species  most  usually  marked  chalc'edonia  in  collections, 
and  which  I  have  heretofore  so  determined.  I  have  not  s,Qtx\ /esiivoides 
identified  in  collections  but  ain  quite  certain  that  this  is  the  species  in- 
tended by  Guenee.      His  description  tallies  in  all  points. 

The  wings  are  comparatively  somewhat  shorter  and  broader 
than  in  the  other  species.  The  harpes  of  the  male  are  as  in  the 
other  species  ;  the  clasper  consists  of  a  moderately  long  spoon-shaped 
corneous  process  with  a  litde  acute  hook  at  tip.  The  species  is  common 
throughout  the  middle  slates,  extending  to  Texas  in  the  south-west  and 
probably  to  the  Rocky  Mountains,  though  I  have  seen  no  specimens 
from  further  west  than  Missouri. 

O.  chalcedonia  Hbn.,  Eur.  Schmett.,  404,    Oligia  ;   Treit.,  Eur.  Schmett.,    i, 
74  (1816)  Bryophila  ;  Walk.,  Cat.  B.  Mas.,  Het.  X,  262  (1856)  C>:Acna. 

vincta  Wlk.,  Cat.  B.  Mu?.,  Het.,  XII,  730,  Miana;  Grt.,  111.  Essay,  44,  pr.  syn. 
irresohita  Wlk.,  Cat.  B.  Mus.,    Het.  XII,  731,   Cehrna;  Grt.,    III.  Essay,  45, 

pr.  syn. 
tracta  Grt.,  Proc.  Ac.  N.  Sci. ,  Phil.,    1874,    204,    Oligia  an  var.  pr. ;    Harvey, 
Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  N.  Sci.,   Ill,  7,   pr.  syn.;  Grt.,    Bull.  U.  S.  Geo),  and 
Geog.  Surv.,  VI,  265,  {Hadetia),  an  var.  pr. 
arna  Gn.,  Noct.  I,  222,  (1852)  Celtena  ;  Walk.,  Cat.  B.  Mus.,  Het.  X,  (1S56) 
262,   Celmia  ;  Harv.,  Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  N.  Sci.,  Ill,  7,  {Oligia). 
Head,  thorax  and  primaries  grayish-brown,  the  costal  region  of  piimaries  paler, 
and  sometimes  head,  thorax  and  basal  and  costal  region  of  primaries  luteous,  the  re- 
mainder of  wing  then  of  the  more   usual    sober    brown.     Basal    line,    when  present, 
geminate  ;  darker  brown  — in  pale  specimens  the  line  is  wanting.    T.  a.  line  geminate, 
outwardly  oblique  and  somewhat  sinuate,    the  included   space  somewhat  paler.     In 
pale  specimens  the  line  is  wanting  either  in  part  or  entirely.     T.  p.   line  outwardly 
bent  over  reniform,  then  somewhat  sinuate,  but  as  a  whole  outwardly  oblique  to  the 
hind  margin.     It  is  geminate,    the  inner  line  distinct,    the    outer    fainter,  sometimes 
punctitorm.     The  hne  is  accompanied  by  a  broad,    diffuse  whitish  shade  band,  most 
distinctly  marked  on  costa  and  very  variably  distinct  below  that  point.     Beyond  this 
band  the  wing  is  somewhat  evenly  colored,   broken   into  only  by    the   pale,  luteous 
apical  patch,  from  which  starts  the   more   or   less   obsolete  s.  t.   line  which  is  pale, 
broken  and  irregular.     Claviform  small,  pale,  oval,    very    much   of  a  size  and  form 
with  the  orbicular,  which  is  often  quite  indistinct  or  even  absorbed  by  the  pale  shad- 
ing.    Reniform  small,  oblique,  a  trifle  paler,  black  ringed.^    A  black  mark  between 
it  and  orbicular  and  another  between  it  and  t.  p.  line.     Secondaries  white,  hyaline, 
with  margins  soiled  and  smoky.     Beneath  pale,  powdery,  with  a  distinct  outer  line. 
Collar  with  a  central,  darker  transvei'se  line. 
Expands,  .88 — 1.05  inches.     22 — 26  mm. 
Habitat — Md.  to  Fla.,  to  Texas. 


—  149— 

A  decidedly  variable  species  within  certain  limits,  as  to  size,  macul- 
ation  and  color.  Sometimes  it  will  be  of  an  almost  even  dull  fuscous 
brown,  the  costa  but  slightly  paler,  the  maculation  indefinite  ;  then  it 
will  appear  with  bright  distinct  markings  and  even  colors,  and  again 
with  the  entire  base  and  costal  portion  of  wing  discolorous  bright  lute- 
ous,  absorbing  all  the  basal  maculation.  Between  these  there  is  every 
shade  of  variation— in  fact  scarcely  two  specimens  of  the  large  series  be- 
fore me  are  even  nearly  alike. 

The  type  form  as  figured  by  Hiibner  represents  a  specimen  with  the 
costa  moderately  pale,  and  otherwise  well  marked  :  tracta  Grt. ,  is  based 
on  specimens  in  which  the  pale  shading  encroaches  still  more  on  the 
center  of  the  wing,  and  is  simply  a  somewhat  more  marked  specimen  of 
the  type  form,  while  arna  Gn.,  is  evidently  based  on  well  marked  spe- 
cimens in  which  the  costa  is  concolorous.  Consequently  chalcedonia, 
tracta  and  arna  all  refer  to  the  same  species — arna  perhaps  retainable  as 
a  poor  variety. 

The  genitalia  are  as  to  harpes  of  the  usual  type.  The  clasper  con- 
sists of  a  broad  corneous  base  from  which  is  projected  a  rather  large, 
sickle-shaped  hook. 

The  insect  is  common  in  the  southern  states  and  finds  its  centres 
of  greatest  abundance  in  Texas  and  Florida. 

Hadena  (Oligia)  versicolor  Grote,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phil.,  1874,  p. 
204  ;  Can.  Ent.,  1875,  v.  7,  pi.  i,  f.  11. 

"  Dark  brown  with  a  more  or  less  decided  ruddy  tinge.  Primaries  shaded  with 
ochreous  along  internal  margin,  and  with  a  well  sized  distinct  deeper  ochreous 
apical  patch.  Ordinary  lines  obsolete,  whitish,  broken  by  black  points  on  the  veins  ; 
the  t.  p.  line  emanates  from  a  distinct  and  large  white  spot  on  the  costa  above  the 
vague  renilorm,  which  latter  is  preceded  by  a  distinct  black  shade  on  the  disk,  an 
evident  feature  of  the  ornamentation  of  the  wing.  Hind  wings  uniform  pale  fuscous, 
silky  ;  beneath  as  above  with  a  discal  dot  and  distinct  darker  median  shade  line. 
Fore  wings  beneath  blackish  with  traces  of  the  continuation  of  the  median  line,  paler 
terminally.  Head  and  collar  brownish  ;  tegula;  paler ;  thoracic  crestings  tipped 
with  blackish."     Expanse,  20  mm. 

Habitat — St.  Catherine's,  Ontario  ;  N.  Y.      June. 

This  species  I  have  identified  in  at  least  two  collections  but  cannot 
recollect  where.  It  struck  me  as  a  very  distinct  form,  readily  recogniz- 
able from  the  description  and  figure.  It  is  perhaps  nearest  to  some 
forms  of  arna,  but  has  a  habitus  quite  different. 

O.  exesa  Gn.,  Noct.  i,  222,  (1852),  Celana;  Wlk.,  Cat.  B.  Mus.,  Het.  X,  262, 
(1856)  Celccna;  Grote  in  Lists,  Hadena  i^  Oligia;  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  and  Geog. 
Surv.,  VI,  265. 

Head,  thorax  and  primaries,  a  rich,  somewhat  yellowish  brown,  with  the  macula- 
tion distinct.  Collar  with  a  darker  brown  transverse  central  line.  Basal  space  in^ 
feriorly  blackish.     T.  a.  line  geminate,  dark  brown,  with  a  central  white  line.     The 


—150— 

line  oblique,  somewhat  convex  and  slightly  sinuate.  T.  p.  line  geminate  with  an 
outward  bend  over  reniform,  below  which  it  is  tolerably  straight  to  internal  margin. 
Accompanying  the  t.  p.  line  is  an  oblique  white  shade  band  not  entirely  co-incident 
with  the  t.  p.  line.  Beyond  this  line  the  veins  are  marked  with  black  scales.  At  the 
ape.\  is  a  paler  patch  below  which  the  terminal  space  is  irregularly  darker  brown, 
and  through  this  the  indefinite  paler  and  very  irregular  s.  t.  line  is  traceable;  on 
either  side  of  which  are  a  few  irregular  black  spots,  principally  beyond  the  line. 
Fringes  deeper  brown,  Clavitorm  distinct,  narrow  ovate,  and  narrowly  ringed  with 
black  scales,  above  which  there  is  a  darker,  moie  blackish  shade  to  the  ordinary 
spots.  Orbicular  small,  oval  concolorous.  Reniform  rather  large,  decidedly  oblique, 
slightly  constricted,  with  a  brown  central  line.  A  broad  black  line  through  cell,  in- 
terrupted by  ordinary  spots.  Secondaries  deep  fuscous  brown.  Beneath  reddish 
with  brown  powderings  and  a  common  outer  line.  Secondaries  paler  and  with  a 
distinct  discal  dot. — Expands,    l  inch  =  26  mm. 

Habitat — Florida. 

A  single  male  specimen  from  Mr.  Graefs  collection  ag  ess  in  every 
particular  with  Guenee's  description,  and  forms  the  type  of  the  fore- 
going. This  species  I  have  never  seen  named  in  collections.  Mr.  Grote 
refers  to  it  in  the  6th  Vol.  of  the  Bulletin  U.  S.  Geo),  and  Geogr  Surv., 
p.  265,  as  follows  :  "I  have  identified  exesa  (from  Guenee's  description 
and  an  outline  drawing  of  his)  collected  by  Mr.  Schwarz  in  Florida." 

Since  that  time  I  have  not  seen  it  referred  to,  nor  do  I  recollect 
ever  seeing  it  unnamed  in  collections. 

The  genitalia  are  distinctive  and  more  simple  than  in  its  allies.  The 
harpes  are  as  usual,  long  and  narrow.  The  clasper  consists  of  a  single, 
stout  and  moderately  long  corneous  hook  very  slightly  tapering  to  the 
rounded  tip. 

O.  fuscimacula  Grt.,    Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.   and   Geog.    Surv.,   VI,  262,  Hadena, 
ibid.,  265,  §  Oligia. 

Head,  thorax  and  primaries  biown,  with  a  more  or  less  evident,  smooth,  bluish 
gray  or  olivaceous  shading.  On  the  primaries  the  median  and  terminal  space  are 
most  evidently  brown,  the  grayish  shading  usually  suffusing  the  remainder  of  the 
wing.  Basal  half  line  distinct  in  most  specimens,  brown,  geminate.  T.  a.  line  gem- 
inate, included  space  slightly  paler,  preceding  line  taint,  often  obsolete,  following 
line  distinct,  narrow,  dark  ;  its  course  is  outwardly  oblique  irom  costa,  sometimes 
quite  even,  sometimes  with  a  single  outward  curve,  and  again  regularly  bisinuate. 
The  t.  p.  line  is  also  geminate,  the  preceding  line  distinct,  dark,  narrow,  the  in- 
cluded space  pale,  but  distinct,  the  outer  line  faint,  quite  usually  obsolete.  The  line 
makes  a  large  outward  bend  over  reniform  but  is  quite  even  below.  Claviform  want- 
ing. Orbicular  small,  punctiform,  blackish.  Reniform  moderate  in  size,  oblique, 
somewhat  constricted,  dusky.  A  dusky  shade  extends  below  from  reniform,  rather 
close  to  t.  p.  line,  to  the  internal  margin.  This  shade  is  very  variably  distinct  in  the 
specimens  at  hand.  The  outer  portion  of  the  wing  becomes  darker,  and  through  the 
inner  margin  of  this  dusky  shading  the  slightly  sinuate  s.  t.  line  is  visible.  A  row  of 
terminal  black  dots.  Fringe  concolorous  with  terminal  space.  Secondaries  smoky 
fuscous  in  both  sexes.  Beneath  dull  fuscous  or  smoky,  with  a  common  darker  outer 
line. — Expands,  .88  —  1.00  inches  =  22 — 25  mm. 
Habitat — Florida. 


—  151  — 

There  seems  very  little  real  variation  in  this  species.  All  the  details 
are  subject  to  small  modification  which  do  not  however  essentially  change 
the  characteristic  appearance  of  the  insect.  I  have  seen  quite  a  number 
of  specimens  in  various  collections. 

The  genitalia  of  the  male  are  distinctive,  yet  similar  in  some  respects 
to  those  oi paginata. 

The  harpes  are  as  usual  in  the  genus.  The  clasper  is  rather  long, 
slender,  abruptly  bent  near  tip,  the  extreme  tip  dilated  somewhat  spoon- 
shaped,  in  this  respect  agreeing  vf\\h  paginata.  From  near  the  base  ex- 
tends a  long  slender  spur  which  terminates  in  a  long  acute  tip,  and  this 
is  distinctive. 

O.  grata  Hbn.,  Zutr.,  p.  i6,  No.  36,  ff.  71 — 72,  Elaphria  ;  Verz.  bek. Sclimett. 
230,  Elaphria  ;  Grt.,  Bull,  Buff.  Soc.  N.  Sci.,  II,  22,  Caradrina. 

rasilis  Morr.,  Pr.  Bost.  Soc.  N.  H.,  1874,  v.  17,  p.  158,  Hadcna  ;  Grt.,  Can. 
Eut.,  VII.  58,  pr.  syn.;  id.  12,  86;  Bull.  Buff.  Soc.  N.  Sci.,  II,  211, 
pr.  syii.;  Bull.  B'klyn  Ent.  Soc,  vol.  3,  p.  39,  pr.  syn. ;  Bull.  U.  S. 
Geo),  and  Geog.  Surv.,  VI,  265,  Caradrina. 

Head,  thorax  and  jJiuTiaries  evenly  brown,  with  faint  gray  powderings,  the  veir/S 
maiked  with  blackish  stales.  Primaris  with  basal  line  very  indefinite,  scarcely  trace- 
able, pale.  T.  a.  line  narrow,  whitish,  defined  by  a  few  darker  scales  at  each  side, 
evenly  oblique  outwardly,  or  slightly  curved,  rarely  somewhat  sinuate.  T.  p.  line 
narrow,  white,  sinuate,  with  a  slight  outward  curve  over  reniform,  and  a  very  slight 
inward  curve  below.  The  orlncular  is  very  small,  piinctiform,  consisting  of  a  dusky 
dot  narrowly  ringed  with  whitish.  Reniform  whitish  ringed,  narrow,  strongly  con- 
stricted \\\  the  middle,  the  bulbous  upper  and  lower  portions  dusky.  S.  t.  line  slightly 
paler,  indefinite,  uregularly  but  not  greatly  sinuate.  The  terminal  space  a  trifle 
paler  ll  an  ground  color,  f.ir.ges  somewhat  daiker.  Secondaries  pale  fuscous,  whitish 
m  the  (/',  with  a  gli-tein'ng  r>.ddish  tinge.  Abdomen  of  the  same  hue  as  secondaries. 
Beneath  both  wings  powdery,  with  an  outer  dusky  line  and  a  faint  discal  dot  most 
distinct  on  secondaries.     Primaries  darker,  secondaries  whitish  basally. 

Expands,  .88     i.oo  inches  =  22     25  mm. 

Habitat — Md.  and  south  to  Fla. ,  Tex.,  Mo. 

This  species  is  readily  distinguished  by  the  red-brown  color  and 
even,  narrow,  pale  median  lines.  The  punctiform  orbicular,  and  con- 
stricted reniform  are  also  characteristic.  The  species  is  not  uncommon 
throughout  the  southern  states. 

The  genitalia  are  distinctive.  The  long  narrow,  and  strongly 
curved  harpes  are  very  much  as  in  the  allied  species.  The  clasper,  aris- 
ing from  a  somewhat  irregular  corneous  base,  is  long,  slender,  and 
somewhat  twisted,  rectangularly  bent  toward  tip,  the  spur  short  and 
ending  in  a  spatulate  tip. 

There  has  been  considerable  discussion  between  Messrs.  Morrison 
and  Grote,  as  to  which  species  Hlibner's  figures  really  refer.  Mr.  Mor- 
rison contends  that  they  refer  to  Tceniocatnpa  oviduca  Gn.,  and  Mr.  Grote 
sees  in   them  the  present  species.     Careful  examination   of  the  figure 


—  152  — 

leaves  it  in  doubt,  with  the  probabilities  in  favor  of  Mr.  Morrison's  being 
right.  There  is,  however,  quite  as  much  justice  in  referring  the  figure 
to  the  present  species,  and  this  is  done  because  oviduca  is  everywhere 
well  known  under  that  name  while  the  present  species  is  much  less 
common  and  well  known.  As  in  one  or  two  other  instances  it  is  im- 
possible now  to  be  certain  what  species  Hiibner  had  before  him,  and 
unless  we  prefer  to  carry  unidentified  names  on  our  catalogue  we  must 
make  at  least  an  approximate  identification. 

O,  paginata  Morn,  Pr.  Ac.  N.  Sci.,  Phil.,  1875,  v.  27,  p.  64,  Iladena  ;  Grt. 
Bull.  Surv,,  6,  261,  Hadena. 

"Expanse,  24  mm.  Length  of  body  9  mm.  Abdomen  smooth  and  mitufted. 
Form  slight.     Habitus  and  markings  oi  H.  rasilis  Morr.,  and  H.  chalcedonia  Hiibn. 

Ground  color  of  anteiior  wings  uniform  gray,  the  markings  very  simple;  the 
median  lines  are  black  and  simple,  the  exterior  line  extends  from  the  inner  margin 
just  before  the  internal  angle,  obliquely  across  the  wings,  turning  out,  and  lorming 
a  rounded  projection  opposite  the  reniform  spot ;  the  mterior  line  extends  oljliquely 
to  the  usual  place  of  the  orbicular  spot,  it  then  continues  irr^-gularly  to  the  costa  ;  the 
half  line  present  ;  the  ordinary  spots  are  very  small,  the  orbicular  usually  obsolete, 
the  reniform  whitish  ;  they  are  connected  by  a  narrow  intense  black  dash,  which 
sometimes  encircles  the  spots,  thus  uniting  together  the  median  lines  ;  the  sub-term- 
inal line  obsolete.     Posterior  wings  white,  usually  crossed  by  a  blackish  median  line. 

Beneath,  the  anterior  wings  are  blackish,  the  posteriors  white,   both  are  crossed 
by  a  common  median  line." 
•  Habitat — Florida. 

"This  species  occurs  rather  abundantlv  where  it  is  found  ;  *  *  *." 

The  above  is  from  Mr.  Morrison's  original  description.  The  only 
specimen  I  have  seen  is  a  (^  from  Mr.  Tepper's  collection  marked  type 
by  Mr.  Morrison.  It  agrees  in  every  respect  with  the  description  save 
that  the  markings  are  hardly  as  distinct  as  described.  The  wings  are 
somewhat  twisted  so  that  it  was  considered  preferable  to  give  the  origmal 
description  rather  than  risk  a  new  one  from  this  specimen. 

The  even  dull  dark  gray  color,  the  even,  single,  black  median  lines 
and  want  of  an  s.  t.  line  will  readily  serve  to  identify  the  species.  It  is 
passing  strange  that  it  has  not  been  turned  up  again  so  far  as  I  can  find, 
in  recent  collections.  The  genitalia  of  the  specimen  were  fortunately 
exposed.  The  harpes  are  as  usual,  long  and  narrow,  ending  in  a  some- 
what acute  tip.  The  clasper  is  a  broad  corneous  plate  at  base,  the 
superior  angle  produced  into  a  short  acute  point,  the  inferior  portion 
produced  into  a  flat  strongly  curved  process  which  divides  at  tip,  one 
process  being  acute,  the  other  rounded.  It  resembles  none  of  the  other 
species  in  this  respect. 

Since  the  above  was  written  I  have  seen  a  fine  specimen  of  this 
species  fully  bearing  out  Mr.  Morrison's  description  but  adding  nothing 
new  to  what  I  have  said  above. 


—'53— 

The  Home  of  Seirarctia  Echo. 

By  Annie  Trumbull  Slosson. 


In  the  Spring  of  1888  I  was  so  fortunate  as  to  capture  at  Punta 
Gorda,  Charlotte  Harbor,  Florida,  two  specimens  of  Seirarctia  echo 
A.  &  S.  I  had  known  the  moth  previously  only  by  the  meagre  descrip- 
tion and  accompanying  plaie  in  Insects  of  Georgia  ;  and  few  of  the 
entomologists  to  whom  I  showed  my  specimens  had  ever  seen  the  species. 
Mr.  Henry  Edwards  thought  the  fact  of  this  capture  worthy  of  a  note  in 
Ent.  Amer. ,  and  I  was  ve'y  proud  of  my  treasures. 

In  February  of  the  present  year  I  was  again  in  Florida,  at  Ormond, 
on  the  Halifax  River.  T  he  hotel  is  situated  on  a  strip  of  land,  from  a 
half  to  three-quarters  of  a  mile  in  width,  between  river  and  ocean,  called 
locally  "the  peninsula."  A  few  evenings  after  my  arrival  there  I  took 
upon  a  lighted  window  a  fine  specimen  of  S.  echo.  The  next  night 
another  flew  into  the  reading  room.  Soon  afterward  in  a  walk  through 
the  woods  I  found  two  or  three  others,  apparentl}- just  emerged.  In  the 
midst  of  my  excitement  over  these  captures  I  met  an  intelligent  resident 
of  the  town,  and  spoke  of  what  I  had  found,  their  interest  and  rarity. 
The  lady  looked  surprised  and  exclaimed:  "Why,  you  surely  cannot 
mean  our  common  moth  that  comes  from  the  army  worm!'  I  had, 
previous  to  this,  heard  much  of  a  very  destructive  caterpillar  of  the  pen- 
insula, which  travelled  in  vast  armies,  devouring  all  in  its  path.  And 
now  I  was  to  learn  that  this  dreaded  pest  was  the  larva  of  the  beautiful 
moth,  so  rare  in  collections,  Abbott  and  Smith's  echo.  I  talked  with 
many  of  the  Ormond  people  on  this  subject,  and  collected  many  facts. 
These  larva;  overrun  the  whole  peninsula  and  do  great  damage  to  garden 
plants.  They  are  an  annual  pest,  but  in  certain  years  are  greatly  m- 
creased  in  numbers.  All  my  informants  agree  upon  one  point,  that 
these  larva;  invariably  travel  towards  the  north,  and  are  never  seen 
heading  towards  any  other  point  of  the  compass.  So  well  is  this  under- 
stood that,  in  protecting  their  gardens  from  the  ravages  of  these  cater- 
pillars the  inhabitants  dig  trenches  on  the  south,  east  and  west  sides  of 
the  ground,  leaving  the  north  side  open  ;  and  none  ever  enter  from  that 
direction.  A  lady  writes  :  "  My  father  built  a  sand-wall  about  a  foot 
high  around  the  south  and  east  sides  of  our  place,  with  the  perpendicular 
side  out,  and  it  kept  them  out  for  a  good  while,  until  they  undermined 
it  by  constant  crawling  up  and  down  in  an  endless  procession,  determ- 
ined to  get  by.  He  had  no  wall  on  the  north  side,  but  not  a  worm 
came  in."  She  also  writes,  "They  eat  everything,  almost, — except 
orange  trees — but  their  favorite  food  is  anything  growing  from   a  bulb, 

Entomologica  Americana.    Vol   V.  1  August  1889. 


—  154  — 

like  Coontie,  and  lilies  of  all  kinds.  Mamma  lost  all  her  longifolium 
lilies  in  one  night,  and  they  ate  her  Sago  Palm  clear  down  into  the 
ground,  fairly  hollowt-d  out  the  bulb."  I  was  told  that  the  eggs  were 
generally  laid  upon  Coontie,  {Zamia  integrifolia,  one  of  the  Cycadacece), 
often  called  Sago  Palm  ;  but  I  never  once  found  them  upon  this  plant. 
Nearly  all  I  saw,  and  they  were  very  many,  were  on  the  Dwarf  pahiietto. 
They  were  laid  in  patches  of  from  one  hundred  and  fifty  to  two  hundred 
eggs,  arranged  in  regular  and  symmetrical  rows,  very  close  together. 
They  were  nearly  globuhir  in  form,  though  flattened  at  base,  cream 
white  or  palest  yellow  in  color,  parsing  day  by  day  into  amber,  orange 
and  red,  and  becoming  at  last  dark  lead  color,  almost  black  before  hatch- 
ing. This  took  place  on  the  tenth  day.  The  young  larvae  fed  freely  on 
lettuce,  eating  enormously.  Once,  having  exhausted  their  food  supply 
they  devoured  a  large  piece  of  the  muslin  which  covered  their  jar,  and 
this  not  to  make  an  aperture  through  which  they  miglit  escape,  but  for 
food,  as  not  one  ran  away.  On  another  occasion  when  the  larder  was 
low,  some  of  them  made  a  raid  upon  some  specimens  on  my  drying 
boards,  and  ate  the  wings  of  several  small  moths.  When  shaken  from 
their  perch  they  always  spun  a  thread  by  which  to  hang.  Being  quite 
inexperienced  in  the  examination  and  description  of  larvae  I  made  but 
few  notes,  and  these  are  quite  incomplete.  I  was  also  travelling  from 
place  to  place  durnig  the  growth  of  the  caterpillars,  and  lost  many  of 
them  in  transportation. 

But  I  sent  some  eggs,  on  the  dav  they  were  laid,  to  Prof  Packard. 
These  reached  him  safely  on  the  eve  of  his  departure  for  Europe,  and 
he  placed  them  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Joseph  Bridgham  for  delineation. 
Mr.  Bridgham  writes  me  that  he  has  drawn  them,  much  enlarged,  in  all 
stages,  so  that  their  history  will  be  beautifully  preserved.  I  also  gave 
two  full-grown  larvae,  of  the  five  1  brought  home,  to  Mr.  Henry  Edwards, 
who  described  them  fully  and  technically,  as  I  was  unable  to  do.  The 
larvae,  when  first  hatched,  were  very  pale  yellow,  head  shining  black, 
dorsal  shield  very  prominent,  black  and  shming,  each  segment  bore  a 
transverse  row  of  tubercles  from  each  of  which  sprang  a  single  long  hair, 
those  on  the  back  being  black,  those  on  sides  white.  Mr.  Bridgham 
writes  :  "The  tubercles  did  not  change  in  position  during  any  moulting, 
but  changed  much  in  regard  to  size.  The  long  hairs,  at  first  single  and 
double  from  the  various  tubercles,  soon  gave  place  to  shorter  and  more 
numerous  ones.  The  dorsal  shield  on  first  segment  diminished  in  size 
at  each  change  and  the  color  of  head  and  face  also  changed.  I  have 
mounted  a  few  c)f  the  hairs  for  examination  under  the  microscope,  as 
they  seem  barbed  peculiarly. 

The  following  is  Mr.  Edwards"  description  of  adult  larva. 


—  155— 

Larva  of  Seirarctia  Echo  Al:)b.  &  Sm. 

Ili-ad  narrower  than  the  2n(l  segment,  the  two  lobes  very  globose,  and  glossy  ; 
color  bright  chestnut,  almost  a  dull  orange  ;  mouth  parts  sordid  white.  Body  deep 
velvety  black  upon  the  dorsal  and  subdoi'sal  regions,  chestnut  color  laterally.  Across 
the  segments  are  two  very  distinct  transverse  maculate  bands  of  pale  yellow,  the 
posterior  band  becoming  less  distinct  after  the  7th  segment  until  it  is  only  a  series  cf 
spots.  The  bands  do  not  extend  beyond  the  subdorsal  region.  On  the  anterior  edge 
of  eacli  segment  is  a  row  of  large  chestnut  colored  tubercles,  bearing  strong  spines, 
chestnut  at  their  extreme  base,  black  otherwise.  Whole  of  the  underside,  as  w^ell  as 
the  anal  clasps,  legs  and  thoracic  feet  bright  chestnut,  the  latter  tipped  with  black. 
Length,  full  grown,  52  mm. 

The  arrangement  and  size  of  the  tubercles,  the  comparatively  small  head,  and 
the  rows  of  strong,  almost  bristly,  spines,  indicate  the  close  relation  of  this  genus  to 
Ecpantlieria,  and  it  should  undoubtedly  hold  its  place  in  the  series  near  Ecpatttheria 
and  Arachnis. 

Neither  of  my  three  remaining  caterpillars  pupated.  They  spun 
flimsy  cocoons,  fastening  pieces  of  lettuce-leaf  together  by  silken  threads, 
but  died  before  transformation.  Mr.  Edwards  was  more  fortnnate.  He 
wrote  :  "The  one  larva  has  spun  up,  the  other  will  do  so  in  a  day  or 
two.  The  web  is  formed  of  a  lettuce-leaf,  fastened  to  the  top  by  a  very 
few  fine  silk  threads,  and,  after  spinning,  the  larva  ate  a  small  piece  of 
the  leaf  The  change  to  pupa  took  place  three  days  after  the  web  w'as 
formed.  The  pupa  at  first  was  pale  tawny  yellow,  changing  on  fourth 
day  to  bright  chestnut."  Later  he  writes:  "One  moth  emerged  in  the 
night  of  26th  (May),  so  that  it  had  been  21  days  in  pupa  state."'  I  also 
received  from  Florida  specimens  of  second  brood,  about  third  week  in 
May. 


Notes  on  the  Catalogue  of  Phycitidae  and  Galleriidse  of 

N.  America  by  Mr.  Ragonot  (Ento.  Am.,  Vol.  V,  p.  113). 

By  Geo.   D.    Hulst. 


The  following  species  of  the  catalogue  do  not  belong  to  the  fauna 
of  North  America  : 

Phycita  arctella  Rag. ,  from  the  Bahamas,  Euzophera  sonorella  Rag. , 
from  Mexico,   and  Epimorius  lesfaceellus  Rag.,  from  Jamaica. 

The  following  species  described  from  Mexico,  I  have  received  from 
our  own  country,  and  they  are  therefore  properly  in  the  catalogue  : 
EuzopJiera  aglteella  Rag.  I  have  received  from  Utah,  and  HovKxosoma 
illiiviella  Rag.  I  have  received  from  Texas. 

The  following  species  have  not  yet  been  described  :  Lipographis 
subosseella  Hulst,  Nephopteryx  gilvibasella  Yiw\%\.,  2iV\^  Epheslia  nigrella 
Hulst.  These  with  others  will  probably  be  described  later.  The  first 
does  not  belong  to  our  fauna. 

The  following  species  of  the  catalogue  were  described  with  no  loc- 
ality except   "N.  America."     As    Mr.    Ragonot  seems   to   include  the 


-156- 

West  Indies  and  Mexico  under  that  term,  it  is  possible  that  a  few  may 
not  belong  to  our  fauna;  Myelois  bilineatella  Rag.,  M.  duplipmictella 
Rag.,  Ortholepis jugosella  Rag.,  Nephopteryx  crassifasciella  Rag.,  Mer- 
opiera  uvinella  Rag. ,  Salebria  subfuscella  Rag. ,  Epischnia  riiderella  Rag. , 
E.  graniiella  Rag..  E.  /ulvitiigella  Rag.,  Diviana  eudoreella  Rag.,  Sarata 
nigri/asciella  Rag. ,  Vilula  serratilineella  Rag. ,  V.  basimactilatella  Rag. , 
Homoeosoma  anguli/ere/la  Rag.,  Aurora  longipalpella  Rag.,  MellisubLiptes 
fuscolimbellus  Rag.,   Navasota  hebetella  Rag. 

The  following  described  without  locality  except  N.  America,  1  have 
obtained  as  follows,  so  they  certainly  belong  to  our  fauna  :  Acrobasis 
palliolella  Rag.  from  Canada,  Nephopteryx  rubrisparseila  Rag.  from 
Texas,  N.  rhypodella  Hulst  {curvatella  Rag.)  from  Illinois,  and  Salebria 
niibiferella  Rag.  from  Texas. 

The  following  species  described  from  the  United  Suites  or  British 
America  are  not  in  the  catalogue  in  any  way  :  Acrobasis  nebulella  Riley, 
Nephopteryx  subcanalis  ^ a\k. ,  Slantira  variegata  Walk.,  Sebunta  gut- 
tulosa  Walk.,  Benta  expandens  Walk.,  Nephopteryx  semimvelia  Walk., 
Cutina  albopiinctella  Walk.,  Subrita  }  abrostolella  Walk.,  Myelois  coniella 
Rag.,  M.  altensis '^ ocke,  Calera  punctiiutibeiia  K^g.  Acrobasis  demoteUa 
Grote,  Sebunta  guttulosa  Walk., — I  am  told  =  Botis  illibalis  Hb. 

Of  the  species  which  Mr.  Ragonot  has  not  seen  I  can  with  certainty 
determine  the  following  :  Nephopteryx  aurantiacella  Grt.  is  Dioryctria 
miniatella  Rag.,  Neph.  caligitiella  Hulst  is  Acrob.  comptella  Rag.,  Mega, 
edwardsella  Hulst  is  Megasis polyphemella  Rag.,  Aner.  excantella  Hulst 
Xi  Meg.  pullatella  Rag.,  Neph.  perfuscella  Hulst  is  Sarata  dophjtei ella 
Rag.,  Sperm,  montinatella  Hulst  is  Honora  canicostella  Rag.,  Neph. 
cameella  Hulst  is  Neph.  inquinitella.  Rag.,  A'cph.  edmandsii  Pack,  is 
Vilula  dentosella  Rag.  In  all  these  cases.  Mr.  Ragonot's  names  become 
synonyms.  Mr.  Ragonol's  generic  references  however  are  probably  correct. 

My  present  intention  is  to  make  no  criticism  upon  Mr.  Ragonot's 
references  of  the  species  of  other  audit  )rs.  I  will  only  remark  that  on 
the  basis  of  Prof,  Zeller's  types  in  the  Cambridge  Museum  his  reference 
of  Prof.  Zeller's  species  is  not  always  correct. 


Notes  on  Cerambycid  Larvae. 


The  admirable  work  by  the  late  Prof.  J.  C.  Schioedte  "De  ineta- 
morphosi  Eleutheratorum  observationes  "  published  in  1 1  parts  in  Kroe- 
yer's  "  Naturhistorisk  Tidsskrift"  (vol.  I— XI,  1862  -1880,)  contains  by 
far  more  than  disconnected  descriptions  of  Coleopterous  larvae  and  their 
illustrations.  The  work  ought  to  be  in  the  hands  of  everyone  interested 
in  the  early  history  of  Coleoptera.      The   "Conspectus  morphologicus  " 


—  157— 


and  the  "Conspectus  systematicus"  which  Schioecite  prefaced  to  several 
large  families  especially  studied  by  him,  form  a  key  to  the  determination 
of  larvK  ;  but  these  keys  are  by  no  means  al\va\s  in  a  convenient  form, 
e.  g.  in  the  fami'y  ScarabteidcB.  In  the  Cera?}ibycidcs  he  gives  concise 
diagnoses  of  the  larval  characters  of  the  various  sub-families,  and  Prof. 
Ganglbauer  (Bestimmungstabellen  der  Euroi)aischen  Coleopteren,  VII, 
Cerambycidas,  m  Verh.  K.-K.  Zool.-bot.  Ges.  Wien,  XXXI,  p.  68 1, 
i88i),  has  brought  these  diagnoses  into  the  form  of  a  synoptic  table, 
illustrating  the  same  with  copies  from  some  of  Schioedte's  figures.  Since 
both  the  original  text  of  Schioedie  and  Ganglbauer's  paper  are  not  gen- 
erally known  in  this  country  and  certainly  have  not  been  used  by  those 
who  have  described  North  American  Cerambycid  larvis,  we  think  we 
are  justified  m  devoting  some  space  to  a  translation  of  i he  table  given 
by  Ganglbauer,  the  accompanying  figures  having  been  copied  by  Dr. 
Geo.  H,  Mar.x  in  outline,  direct  from  Schioedte. 


I 


Fig. 
Fig. 


EXPLANATION  OF  FIGURES. 
I'ig-  I- — Asemuut  striatum  L,.;  head  of  larva  from  beneath  (copied  from  Schioedte, 

1.  c,  pi.  XIV,  fig.  2). 
2.  —  Saperda  carcharias  L. ;  head  of  larva  from  beneath  (copied  from  Schioedte, 

I.e.,  pi.   XVIII,  fig.    12). 

1.—Rhagiwn  mordax  Fabr. ;   head   of  larva  from  above  (copied  from  Schioedte, 
1.  c,  pi.  XVII,  fig.  I). 
^'"^g-  A-—P^'iomis  coriareusY..;    head  of  larva  from   above  (copied   with  omission  of 

anatomical  details  from  Schioedte,  I.e.,  pi.  12,  fig.  i). 
Fig.  l.—Pogonocherus  pilosus  Fabr. ;  head  of  larva  from  above  (copied  from  Schioedte, 

1.  c.  pi.  XII,  fig.  14). 
//,  pleurae  of  head  ;  fc,  occipital  opening  ;    s,  septum  dividing  the  occipital  opening. 
Entomologica  Americana.    Vol.  V.  8  August  1889. 


-i5«- 
SVNOPTIC  TABLE  OF  CERAMBYCID  LARV^^ 

Head  transverse  ;  lonyittidinal  diameter  of  occipital  opening  (foramen  cervicale)  'gen- 
erally shorter  than  the  transverse  diameter  ;  posterior  part  of  head,  /.  c.  part  m- 
vaginated  into  the  prothoracic  segment,  not  divided  by  a  longitudinal  waM.    .  .  . 

[fig.   I]    CERAMBYCITiE 

Pleurce  of  head  dorsally  entirely   separated,    diverging    posteriorly    

[fig.  3]   Lepturini 
Pleurti;  of  head  dorsally  anteriorly   connate,    posteriorly    separated    and  diverging 

[fig.  4]    Prionini 

Pleurae  of  head  connate  tliroiighoat,  posteriorly  separately    rounded    

[fig.  i]   Cerambycini 

Head  oblong,  much  longer  than    wide  ;  longitudinal   diameter   of  occipital    opening 

much  longer  than  the  transverse  diameter  ;  invaginated  portion  of  head  divided 

into  two  halves  by  a  longitudinal  wall   to    which   the   muscles   of  the    mandibles 

are  attachctl  [fi,'.  2]. 

Pleura;  ot  head  doi ;,ally  connate  throughout,  posterioily  conjointly  rounded 

[fig.  5]   LAMIITiE 

Tne  two  sub-(amilits  in  the  above  table  are  thohC  proposed  by 
James  ThoMis  Ml  ni  186-1.  (S  sterna  Cerambycidarum),  and  Ganglbauer 
maintains  ttiai  tliis  division  is  justified  by  the  fundamental  difference  in 
the  structure  of  the  larval  head  (figs,  i  and  2).  The  second  sub-family, 
LamiiicB  (Thomson's  Aletaidacneinitce)  corresponds  exactly  with  the 
Lamiin.e  of  our  Classification  by  Leconte  and  Horn.  His  division 
Prionini  o{  \\iQ  first  subfamily,  Cerambycitce  (Thomson's  AnalauctiemiLe), 
corresponds  with  the  sub-family  Prioninie  of  Leconte  and  Horn  and  his 
two  remaining  divisions  comliined  correspond  with  Leconte  and  Horn's 
sub-family  Cernmbyci^ice.  From  his  synoptic  table  of  the  imagos  (1.  c. , 
p.  684)  it  is  evident  that  Ganglbauer  has  great  difficulty  in  separating  his 
Lepiurifti  ?iS  equivalent  to  the  Prionini  ^nd  Cera??ibvcini  ■A.nd  Leconte  and 
Horn  include  them  as  a  "series,"  Lepturoides,  in  the  sub-family  Ceram- 
bycini: but  from  the  larval  characters  it  would  appear  that  the  Lepturini 
are  not  only  most  readily  separated  from  but  also  equivalent  to  the  Pri- 
onince  and  Cerambycince. 

The  importance  of  the  above  table  for  the  determination  of  Ceram- 
bycid  larvae  is  evident  ;  all  that  is  necessary  to  do  is  to  detach  the  head 
of  the  larva,  and  a  glance  at  the  occipital  opening  and  the  pleurae  of  the 
head  will  be  sufficient  to  refer  the  larva — even  without  the  aid  of  a  lens — 
to  one  of  the  great  divisions  of  the  family.  J.    B.    S. 

*  The  above  table  expressed  in  the  original  language  used  by  Schicedte  and  com- 
piled   from    the    Conspectus  morphologicus    and    Conspectus  systematicus,   reads  as 
follows  : 
Foramen  cervicare  transverse  rotundatum. 

Pleura;  capitis  pone  epistoma  spatio  longiole  concretfe,  post  dehiscentes,  angulatre. . 

Prionini 

Pleurre  capitis  pone  epistoma  ad  apicem  ferme  concretce,  post  singulatim  rotiuulatre. . 

Cerambycini 

Pleura;  capitis  pone  epistoma  dehiscentes,  angulata; Lepturini 

Foramen  cervicale  oblonge  ovatum,  septo  divisum  ante  decrescente,  cui  musculi  ad- 

ductores  mandibularum  affiguntur. 

Pleurae  capitis  pone  epistoma  per  totam  longitudinem  concrete,   post  conjunctim 

rotundatre Lamiini 


•159— 


Count  Eugene  Keyserling. 


By  the  death  of  Count  Eugene  Keyserling  of  Germany,  Natural 
Science  lost  one  of  its  prominent  and  most  ardent  workers,  Arachnology 
one  of  its  masters. 

His  loss  is  not  only  felt  and  deeply  deplored  in  his  Fatherland,  it 
is  on  this  side  of  the  Atlantic  more  keenly  ap[)reciated  ihan  that  of  any 
other  naturalist  of  his  rank.  For  the  last  twenty-five  years  Count 
Keyserling  has  contributed  more  to  the  knowledge  of  that  difficult  and 
long  neglected  chapter,  American  Arachnolog}',  than  an}-  other  naturalist 
in  this  country  or  in  Europe. 

Besides  his  many  descriptive  pamphlets  on  that  subject  Keyserling 
has  left  to  us  two  works  by  which  he  set  for  himself  a  monument  on 
this  hemisphere :  the  Monographs  on  the  Avierican  Laterigradce  and 
T/ien'diidcB.  He  commenced  a  third  monograph  on  the  Epeiriidce,  but 
unfortunately  postponed  it,  taking  in  hand  the  continuation  of  Dr.  L. 
Koch's  great  work  "Die  Arachniden  Australiens,"  Dr.  Koch  himself 
being  compelled  to  retire  on  account  of  impaired  eye  sight. 

Count  Eugene  Keyserling,  born  on  the  4th  of  April  1833,  died, 
exactly  56  years  old,  on  the  4th  of  April  of  this  year,  ol  lubercuiosis  of 
the  brain.  He  was  born  in  Pockroy  in  the  Russian  Baltic  Province 
Curland  and  entered  the  university  of  Dorpat,  in  1851,  to  study  Natural 
Sciences.  From  1856  to  1858  he  visited  different  parts  of  the  Russian 
Empire  and  in  1859  he  participated  in  a  Government  Expedition  to  the 
Kaukasus,  Armenia  and  Persia.  In  i860  he  went  to  England  and  then 
to  Africa  ;  but  was,  in  Algeria,  attacked  by  a  fever,  which  compelled 
him  to  return  to  Europe.  In  1864,  after  having  spent  some  time  in 
France,  he  intended  to  visit  South  America.  Previous  to  his  departure 
however,  he  visited  Switzerland,  where  he  made  the  acquaintance  of  a 
lady,  whose  attractions  caused  him  to  abandon  his  projected  trip  to  this 
continent,  and  he  married  and  settled  down  as  a  practical  agriculturist, 
having  bought  a  large  estate  in  Silesia.  Here  he  worked  undisturbed 
and  diligently  on  the  Spider  fauna  of  North  and  South  America,  re- 
ceiving specimens  from  his  many  friends  on  this  side  of  the  At- 
lantic. 

All  American  naturalists  who  had  occasion  to  correspond  with 
Count  Keyserling  are  unanimous  in  their  praise  of  his  amiability, 
gentleness  and  liberality,  and  his  untimely  departure  awoke  in  many 
hearts  on  this  continent  a  deep  sorrow  and  regret  at  having  lost  a  good 
friend. 


—  i6o — 

The  following  is  a  list  of  his  papers  : 
1862.  -Beschreibung  neuer  Sjnnnen  au>  den  Holilen  von  Desina  (Verhandl.  der  zool. 

bot.  Gesellscli.  Wien\ 
1863. — Beschreibung  neuer  Spinnen  (Verhandl.  der  zool.  bot.  Gesellsch.). 
1863.— Beschreibung  neuer  ArtenderFam.  Orbitelse  im  Sitzungsber.  d.  Isis,  Dresden. 
1865.— Beitrage  zur  Kenntn.  der  Orbitelre,  Verhandl.  der  zool.  bot.  Gesellsch.  Wien. 
1876. — Ueber  amerik.  Spinnen  der  Citigradte,        "  "  "  "  " 

1877.  -Amerik.  Spinnen  der  Fam.  Phoicidse,  Scytodoidse  und  Dysderoidre,   Vtrh.  d. 

zool.  hot.  Ges-'llsch.  Wien. 

1878.  — Spinnen  aus  Uru.^uay  und  anileren  Gegenden  Amerikas,   I,  II,  III.    Verh.  d. 

zool.  but.  Gesellsch.  Wien. 

1879.  — Spinnen  aus  Amtrika,  I.    Veihandl.  der  zool.  bot.  Gesellsch.  Wien. 
1880.—        "  "  "  II.  "  "  "  "  " 
1880. — Die  Spinnen  Amerikas — Laterigrada:. 

1881.— Neue  Spinnen  aus  Amerika,   III,  Verhandl.  der  zool.  bot.  Gesellsch.  Wien. 

1882.—    "  "         "  "  IV, 

1883.—     "  "         "  "  V, 

1884.—    "  "         "  '•  VI, 

1884. — Die  Spinnen  Amerikas  — T^/'/.r/Vm/rt',   I. 

1886.—  '♦  "  "  Thcridiidcv,  II. 

1887. — Neue  Spinnen  aus  Amerika,   VII. 

Since  1 881  Count  Keyserling  undertook   the  continuation   of  Dr.    Koch's  "Die 
Arachniden  Australiens. " 

Washington,  D.  C,  Jjily  isl.  Geo.    Marx,    jNI.  D. 


There  has  been  considerable  objection  to  the  use  of  shellac  for 
mounting  insects,  especially  duplicates,  because  of  the  difficulty  of  dis- 
solving the  shellac  if  it  is  desired  to  re-mount  the  specimen.  Alcohol 
acts  very  slowly,  and  sometimes  boiling  in  alcohol  is  necessary,  especially 
if  the  shellac  be  impure,  or  the  specimen  very  dirty.  INIr.  Lugger  has 
suggested  a  remedy  which  we  have  tried  and  found  excellent.  Pin  the 
specimens  on  the  underside  of  the  cork  of  a  wide-mouthed  bottle  con- 
taining chloroform,  and  in  a  short  time  the  vapor  of  the  chloroform  will 
absorb  the  shellac,  leaving  the  specimens  lying  loosely  on  the  cards.  We 
have  found  shellac  much  the  most  satisfactory  medium  for  mounting. 
We  get  the  ordinary  commercial  white  shellac  varnish,  put  a  little  of  it 
into  a  small  shallow  bottle  and  let  it  evaporate  to  the  proper  consistency. 
If  it  gets  too  thick,  a  little  alcohol  will  remedy  that.  For  repairing  in- 
sects nothing  sets  so  quick  or  holds  so  hard. 

It  does  not  seem  to  be  generally  known  that  chloroform  is  by  far 
belter  than  benzine  for  cleaning  greasy  specimens,  both  Coleoptera  and 
Lepidoptera.  They  can  be  safely  submerged  in  it  without  injury.  To 
clean  old  dirty  beetles  put  them  in  hot  water,  let  it  come  to  a  boil,  and 
with  a  brush  wash  carefully — then  put  into  chloroform,  and  when  your 
specimen  is  re-mounted  it  is  just  as  good  as  new.  Only — you  cannot 
use  that  process  more  than  once.  It  takes  a  little  judgment  in  applying, 
and  especially  in  the  boiling,  for  an  overdose  would  result  in  a  separation 
of  all  the  parts. 


— i6i— 

COLLECTING    NOTES. 

By  Charles  Likbeck. 


About  I\Iay  5,  1888,  while  collecting  Coleoptera  near  Westville, 
N.  J.,  my  attention  was  attracted  to  a  small  beetle  running  actively  on 
the  ground,  which  proved  to  be  a  specimen  of  Mecynotarsus  candidus 
Lee.  Casting  about  for  more  I  succeeded  in  capturing  8  or  10  spec- 
imens. This  pretty  and  delicate  looking  beetle  being  represented  in  but 
one  collection  in  this  city,  /.  e.  that  of  Dr.  Horn,  my  small  supply  soon 
became  exhausted.  This  season,  on  the  4th  of  May,  I  again  visited  the 
same  locality  and  succeeded,  after  hunting  for  about  two  hours,  in 
taking  about  40  specimens.  It  is  exceedingly  difficult  to  find  these 
beetles,  as  they  frequent  bare,  dry  spots,  where  their  uniform  color 
exactly  matches  that  of  the  ground,  which  probably  accounts  for  its 
escaping  the  notice  of  collectors.  The  method  1  have  used  was  to  select 
a  bare  spot  and  scoop  up  about  y^  inch  deep  of  the  loose  surface  cover- 
ing and  deposit  it  upon  a  piece  of  stiffs  paper  two  feet  square.  After 
waiting  a  few  minutes,  one  and  sometimes  two  specimens  would 
suddenly  dart  across  the  loose  earth  and  just  as  suddenly  stop,  usually 
among  a  few  grains  of  sand,  where  it  was  simply  impossible  to  disting- 
uish them  until  they  again  moved.  This  insect  must  be  very  widely 
distributed  as  it  occurs  from  N.  J.  to  Florida  and  Iowa.  On  the  same 
day  I  noticed  an  unusual  carnivorous  inclination  on  the  part  of  a  single 
Hister  biplagiaius.  It  victim  was  a  smooth  caterpillar,  about  i'/^  inch 
long,  which  it  had  seized  on  top  of  the  second  segment,  burying  its 
head  beneath  the  skin  after  the  manner  of  a  tick.  For  fully  15  minutes 
I  watched  them,  during  which  lime  the  unlucky  caterpillar's  frantic 
struggles  failed  to  dislodge  its  assailant,  who  never  once  relaxed  the  grip 
of  its  jaws.  By  this  time  the  caterpillar  was  covered  with  the  juice  ooz- 
ing from  its  wound,  and  having  satisfied  myself  of  the  intention  of  the 
Hister,  I  consigned  them  both  to  the  alcohol  bottle  for  future  reference. 
My  previous  knowledge  of  the  habits  of  this  Hister  has  been  confined  to 
the  droppings  around  pig-pens,  where  it  may  possibly  feed  upon  the 
numerous  larvae  found  in  such  places. 


A  NEW  remedy  for  ridding  an  infested  collection  of  its  undesirable 
guests  was  given  me  at  the  meedng  of  the  Newark  Ent.  Soc. ,  recently, 
by  one  of  the  members.  It  is  the  introduction  of  a  specimen  or  two  of 
the  little  Cheli/ers,  known  as  paper  scorpions.  They  will,  my  informant 
sail!,  destroy  every  living  thing  in  the  boxes,  but  will  not  harm  the  dried 
specimens. 


— 162 — 

Book  Notice. 


A  Preliminary  Monograph  of  the  North  American  species  of  Trogophloeus  ; 
by  Capt.  Thos.  L.  Casey.     Ann.  N.  Y.  Ac.  Sci.,  v.  IV,  1889,  pp.  322—383. 

In  this  paper,  Capt.  Casey  seems  to  have  done  good  work  so  far  as 
it  is  possible  to  judge  without  actually  testing  it  in  collections.  The 
characters  used  seem  clear,  the  tables  are  concise,  and  the  descriptions 
terse — an  inprovement  perhaps  on  former  papers  where  excessive  length 
of  description  was  criticised.  No  se.xual  characters  are  used  or  even 
mentioned,  though  in  many  other  Staphylinide  genera  they  are  of  the 
highest  value.  66  species  are  recognized,  most  of  them  new,  and  a 
large  proportion  of  them  based  on  single  specimens — a  peihaps  unavoid- 
able element  of  weakness,  since  it  is  much  more  difficult  to  judge  of  the 
value  of  characters.  In  some  respects  the  most  interesting  part  of  the 
paper,  and  one  meriting  thought,  is  in  the  introduction,  largely  devoted 
to  defending  the  microscope  versus  the  hand  lens,  and  somewhat  im- 
pugning the  value  of  results  attained  by  using  the  latter.  Now  here  an 
element  comes  in  which  Capt.  Casey  himsell  recognizes,  when  he  speaks 
of  "the  novice  who  has  not  yet  learned  to  inter[)ret  what  he  sees" — it  is 
the  experience  of  the  user  of  either  lens  or  micfoscope.  Behind  each  is 
an  instrument  which  is  much  more  important —the  trained  e\e  of  the 
observer — the  eye  that  with  a  good  triplet  can  count  the  joints  of  a 
Trichopterygid  antenna,  while  the  untrained  u^er  of  the  compound  mi- 
croscope cannot  with  an  infinitely  greater  magnifying  power  be  sure  any 
joints  exist.  Now  I  am  a  believer  in  the  microsceipe,  and  I  u^e  it  con- 
tinually in  my  work.  I  have  had  a  binocular  stand  in  use  for  several 
years,  and  have  a  very  fine  instrument  for  my  college  work — yet  it  has 
happened  to  me  frequently  that  I  have  taken  a  specimen  from  the  micro- 
scope and  studied  it  with  the  lens  with  much  more  satisfactory  results. 
I  saw  more  and  saw  it  better.  Increase  in  the  size  of  the  image  does 
not  always  import  increased  distinctness  of  detail.  D.scretion  in  the  use 
of  appliances  must  be  exercised  and  the  man  wlio  uses  a  microscope 
only,  is  apt  to  make  as  many  errors  as  a  man  using  the  lens  only.  It  is 
in  the  interpretation  of  what  is  seen,  that  the  errors  are  made.  It  is  the 
experience  of  the  observer,  and  his  ability  to  select  those  characters 
which  are  of  importance,  that  determines  the  character  of  the  work  :  that 
experience  which  enables  a  man  to  recognize  specific  characters  among 
the  assemblage  presented  by  any  given  group  of  insects — which  enables 
him  to  recognize  the  limits  of  variation — which  will  enable  him  to  dis- 
card striking  modifications  in  many  instances  as  unsafe,  and  rely  upon 
inconspicuous  features  for  specific  characters.  No  hard  and  fast  rules 
can  be  formulated  for  the  conscientious  student :  he  will  be  a  "lumper" 


—163— 

in  one  family,  a  "splitter"  in  another:  he  will  unite  forms  considered 
as  distinct,  or  will  separate  forms  generally  regarded  as  identical :  nature 
does  not  work  in  grooves,  and  it  is  unsafe  to  speculate  in  one  group 
from  what  is  known  of  another,  nor  because  sculpture  in  genus  A 
furnishes  safe  characters  to  treat  genus  B  as  though  it  must  necessarily 
furnish  the  same  here. 

Capt.  Casey  advocates  more  accurate  measurements,  or  statements 
of  the  proportion  of  parts,  and  suggests  a  micrometer  scheme  for  that 
purpose  which  is  very  much  inferior  to  some  already  in  use.  An  adapta- 
tion of  the  ordinary  eye  piece  micrometer  will  answer  every  purpose,  and 
just  exactly  the  instrument  for  the  purpose  is  in  constant  use  by  Dr. 
Marx  to  obtain  accurate  proportions  in  drawing.  But  with  the  instru- 
ment perfect,  1  am  not  at  all  so  sure  that  accurate  measurement  will 
help  us  much.  I  feel  very  certain  from  my  own  observation  that  there 
is  a  Cijnsiderable  range  of  variation  in  the  proportion  of  parts,  and  the 
use  of  instruments  for  minute  measurement  would  have  the  inevitable 
tendency  to  a  cre.ition  of  species  on  characters  not  sufficiently  stable, 
until  experience  showed  wheie  it  could  be  safely  used.  Yet  neverthele.-s 
Capt.  Casey's  suggestions  are  good  and  timely,  but  it  simply  needs  great 
caution  in  u-ing  tlicm.  Despite  the  fact  that  entomologists  have  been 
very  conseivaiive- -perhaps  too  much  so — in  adopting  more  perfect 
modern  means  of  investigation,  our  science  has  not  been  at  a  standstill, 
and  we  are  annually  making  equal  strides  with  other  departments  of 
Zoology  in  the  inc;ease  of  knowledge. 

'1  his  is  not  pcriiaps  all  eniirely  apropos  of  the  work  on  Trogophlceus, 
which  seems  very  good — but  it  is  called  forth  by  that  portion  of  the 
paper  which  is  equally  impertinent  to  the  subject  matter  of  the  title. 
Capt.  Casey  is  a  r;  former,  and  like  most  other  reformers  apt  to  overdo 
matters  a  little.  But  on  the  other  hand  he  will  undoubtedly  find  fol- 
lowers, and  even  the  most  conservative  will  take  leaf  after  leaf  of  his 
book  until  all  the  good  ones  are  gone — then  Capt.  Casey  will  be  made 
responsible  for  the  useless  balance,  while  small  credit  indeed  will  be 
given  for  the  good  results  caused.  I  am  very  much  in  sympathy  with 
Capt.  Casey  in  his  general  ideas  and  methods — but  do  not  always  agree 
with  him  in  his  deductions.  J.    B.    S. 


And  now  comes  into  court,  Mr.  Robert  H.  Lamborn  with  a  pro- 
position to  destroy  the  mosquito,  root  and  branch,  by  setting  the  dragon 
flies  on  them; — a  very  good  scheme — only  impractical  unless  a  species  of 
dragon  fly  can  be  produced  which  will  prefer  woods  and  city  streets  to 
the  open  ditches  and  grassy  margins  of  swamps.  We  shall  have  more 
to  say  on  this  subject  before  long. 


— 164 — 
Notice  of  Meeting  at  Toronto. 


The  Entomological  Club  of  the  A.  A.  A.  S.  will  meel  at  9  A.  M., 
on  Wednesday,  August  28,  in  the  room  of  Section  F,  University  Build- 
ings, where  members  of  the  Club  will  register  and  obtain  the  Club 
badge.  Members  of  the  Club  intending  to  contribute  papers  will  send 
titles  to  the  President,  Mr.  James  Fletcher,  Government  Experimental 
Farms,.  Ottawa,  Can. 


An  Association  of  Economic  Entomologists. 


The  question  of  forming  an  Association  of  economic  entomologists, 
suggested  by  Prof,  Riley,  has  begun  to  assume  shape.  Mr.  Fletcher 
and  ye  editor  have  been  in  communion  with  Mr.  Howard,  acting  for 
Prof  Riley,  and  a  scheme  has  been  concocted  for  submission  to  the 
disciples.  A  call  will  be  circulated  within  a  few  days,  signed  by  the 
gentlemen  above  named,  for  a  meeting  to  be  held  at  Toronto,  Canada, 
during  the  meeting  of  the  A.  A.  A.  S.  The  exact  day  and  place  have  not 
yet  been  settled,  but  all  of  the  entomological  members  of  the  A.  A.  A.  S. 
are  earnestly  urged  to  attend  at  Toronto,  as  matters  of  considerable  im- 
portance to  entomologists  will  probably  be  presented,  and  a  full  discus- 
sion is  desirable. 


Society  News. 


Brooklyn  Entomological  Society,  June  4,  1889. — Fourteen  persons  present. 
Mr.  Hiilst  was  elected  chairman  pro  tern.,  the  president  and  vice-president  being 
absent.  Reports  were  presented  by  tlie  treasurer,  librarian,  recording  secretary  arid 
curators.  The  president  of  the  society  was  authorized  to  present  the  name  of  Mr. 
W.  C.  Wood  of  New  York  City  to  the  council  of  the  Institute  for  admission  to  mem- 
bership therein.  Mr.  Meeske  was  appointed  a  committee  of  one  to  arrange  joint  ex- 
cursions of  the  society  with  other  departments  of  the  Institute. 

Mr.  Weeks  read  a  paper  on  "  Diurnal  Carabidce  in  the  Vicinity  of  New  York," 
giving  a  list  of  the  species  observed  by  him  as  displaying  natural  activity  during  the 
day  time  with  the  seasons  and  circumstances  under  which  they  occured  and  showing 
habits  identical  with  those  of  allied  European  species. 

Messrs.  Hulst  and  Smith  added  to  the  list.  Mr.  Meeske  suggested  that  many 
Carabidae  are  involuntarily  active  during  the  day  by  the  disturbance  of  or  evaporation 
of  moisture,  near  their  places  of  concealment. 

Each  member  who  could  be  in  attendance  at  the  meeting  in  September  next  was 
requested  to  prepare  and  read  brief  notes  upon  his  experience  in  collecting  during 
the  season  in  lieu  of  a  stated  paper.  A.  C.  Weeks,  Rec.  Sec'y. 


YOL,  Y. 


BROOKLYN,  SEPTEMBER,  1889. 


NO.  9. 


Review  of  the  North  American  Species  of  Pediopsis. 

By  E.    p.   Van  Dizee,    Buftalo,   N.  Y. 


The  family  Bythoscopidce,  to  which  this  genus  pertains,  is  separable 
from  its  allies  b}'  the  position  of  the  ocelli,  which  are  found  on  the  face, 
more  or  less  remote  from  its  superior  margin  ;  the  vertex  is  narrow  and 
confounded  with  the  front,    or  apparently  wanting,   the  head  being  en- 
tirely deliexed  ;    and   the    elytra    are    mernhianaceous    or    but    slightly 
thickened.      Six  northern  genera  have  been  establislied  : 
Idiocerus  Lewis,   Tran«,  Ent.  Soc.  I.oiid.,  1,  ]->,  49,   1834, 
Macropsis  Lewis,   Trans.  Ent,  Soc.  Loud.,  I,  p.  49,  1834. 
Oncopsis  Burm.,   Genera  Ins.,  I,  plate  10,  1846. 
Stragania  Stal,    Rio.  Jan.  Hemip.,  H.  p.  49.  1861. 
Pachyopsis  Uiiier,   Bull.  U.  .S.  Geol,  ami  Geog.  .Surv.,  Ill,  p.  466,  1877. 
Bythoscopus  Germ.,  Silh.  Revue,  I,  180,  43.  1833. 
Pediopsis  Burm.,  Genera  Ins.,  I,  plate  10,  1846. 
Agallia  Curtis,  Ent  Mag.,  I,  p.  193,  1833. 

J/r?cro/)5/5  has  not  yet  been  reported  from  this  country;  the  other 
genera  are  well  represented  here.  Mr  Uhler's  description  o{  Pachyopsis 
passes  without  notice  several  important  points,  rendering  its  arrangement 
in  a  synoptic  table  quite  impracticable  without  an  example  for  direct 
comparison,  which  unfortunately  I  do  not  possess  ;  but  its  position 
would  seem  to  be  near  Macropsis.  For  the  determination  of  the  other 
five  genera  the  synoptic  scheme  used  by  INIn  Edwards  in  his  Synopsis 
of  the  British  Cicadince  will  probably  be  found  as  convenient  as  any  yet 
published.  To  make  it  more  accessible  to  our  American  collectors  it  is 
copied  here :  * 


*  Since  the  above  was  written  Mr.  Ashmead  has  published    a  generic  synopsis  of 
the  Bythoscopidix  practically  the  same  as  that  of  Mr.  Edwards  except  that  he  includes 
Pachyopsis  of  Uhler,  placing  it  near  Idiocerus.     See  Ent.  Am.,  V,  p.  125,  July  1889. 
Entomologica  Ameeicana.    Vol   V.  1  September  1889. 


— 166— 

1  (6)  Antennae  inpcrted  in  a  deep  cavity  beneath  a  ledge. 

2  (5)  Striation  of  the  pronotum  transverse. 

3  (4)  Side  margins  of  the  pronotum   sharply    keeled,    of  moderate  length 

Macropsis 

4  (3)  Side  margins  of  the  pronotum  not  sharply  keeled,  very  short,  ..Bythoscopus* 

5  (2)  Striation  of  the  pronotum  running  obliquely  from  the  middle  of  its  front  margin 

to  its  hinder  angles Pediopsis 

6  (i)  Antennae  inserted  in  a  feeble  cavity,  their  base  free. 

7  (8)   Head  with  the  eyes  wider  than  the  elytra  at  the  base,   membrane  with  an  ap- 

pendix    Idiocerus 

8  (7)  Head  with  the  eyes  as  wide  as  the  elytia  at  the  base,  no  appendix  to  the  mem- 

brane        Agallia 

In  some  of  the  genera  the  maiginal  nerve  of  the  wing  is  contmued 
around  the  apex  and  joins  the  first  radial  near  its  middle,  thus  forming 
an  exterior  apical  cell,  called  by  Fiebef  the  "supernumerary  cell."  This 
cell  is  present  in  Macropsis,  Idiocerus  and  Agallia,  and  absent  in  Bythos- 
copiis  and  Pediopsis.  Strangely  enough,  Fieber,  in  his  Europceische 
Bythoscopida,  states  the  presence  of  this  cell  in  genus  Bylhoscopus  in 
which  it  does  not  exist,  and  its  absence  in  Agallia  where  it  is  present. 
The  same  error  is  repeated  in  his  Cicadines  d'Europa.  I  have  examined 
a  number  of  European  species  of  each  of  these  genera,  received  from  M. 
Lethierry,  and  they  agree  with  the  American  forms  in  differing  from 
Fieber's  positive  statement.  But  Fieber  is  not  the  only  one  who  has 
erred  on  this  point,  for  as  late  as  1884  Mayr,  in  his  Tabellen,  has  re- 
versed these  two  genera  exactly  as  Fieber  did  before  him.  If  these  later 
papers  are  not  mere  compilations  from  Fieber's  synopsis  of  1868  these 
discrepancies  are  quite  inexplicable  to  me. 

Of  the  genus  Agallia  two  species  have  thus  far  been  described  from 
this  country  : 

Agallia  sanguinolenta. 

Bythoscopus  sauguinoleiitiis  Piov.  Naturaliste  Canadien,  vol.  IV,  p. 
376,    1872. 

Bythoscopus  siccifoliits  Uhler,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  and  Geog.  Surv.,  vol. 
II,  p.  359,  1876.  Wheeler's  Rept.  of  the  Chief  of  Eng.  for  1877, 
p.  1334.     Van  Duzee,  Can.  Ent.,  vol.  XXI,  p.  9,  1889  {Agallia). 

Through  the  kindness  of  M.  Provancher  I  have  had  the  pleasure  of 
examining  a  typical  example  of  his  species  and  have  thus  been  able  to 
compare  it  directly  with  Mr.  Uhler's  description,  and  find  that  it  agrees 
in  every  particular.  It  is  not  an  uncommon  species  here  on  grass  and 
weeds  in  pastures  and  roadsides,  especially  where  Carex  and  Juncus 
abound. 

*  The  striation  of  tlie  pronotum  in  this  genus  is  not  strictly  transverse,  but  toward 
the  anterior  margin  especially  it  is  quite  oblique  ;  thus  approaching  some  forms  of 
Pediopsis.     Dr.  Fitch  has  described  six  species  under  Athysamis. 


—  r67 — 

Agallia  quadripunctata. 

Bythoscopiis  4-piiuctatits  Prov.  Nat.  Can.,  IV,  376,  1872. 

Agallia  Jlaccjda  Uhl.,   Van  Diizee,  Can.  Ent.,  vol.  XXI,  p.  9,  1889. 

This  species  I  have  received  in  exchange  from  a  number  of  corre- 
spondents as  Agallia  flaccida  Uhler,  and  have  so  used  the  name  myself 
in  exchanging  and  in  the  List  of  Muskoka  Hemiptera.  It  seems  to  have 
been  an  early  manuscript  name  of  Mr.  Uhler.  I  append  a  translation 
of  ]M.  Provancher's  description,  as  the  periodical  in  which  it  occurs 
seems  to  be  rare  and  difficult  to  obtain.  For  the  copy  in  my  possession 
I  am  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  its  editor, 

"Bythoscopus  4-punctatus,  4-pointecl  Bythoscopiis^  n.  sp. 

"Length,  .12  inch.  Of  a  yellowish  lirovvn,  inore  or  less  obscure.  Head  varied 
"with  yellow  and  brown,  with  two  black  points  on  the  anterior  margin.  Prothorax 
"  with  two  large  black  points  ahnost  on  the  posterior  margin,  in  line  with  those  ot  the 
"  head  ;  other  less  distinct  black  points  sometimes  appear  in  advance  of  these. 
"Elytra  soiled  yellow,  the  nerves  paler.  Beneath  brown,  feet  yellowish.  Common. 
"Very  near  the  preceding  {By.  sangninolentits)  but  easily  distinguished  however  by 
"the  presence  of  the  two  black  points  on  the  posterior  m.irgin  of  the  prothorax." 

This  is  a  very  abundant  species  in  Western  New  York  from  early  in 
May  until  September,  and  in  fact  the  year  round,  as  it  appears  to  hyber- 
nate  in  tlie  adult  state  as  do  many  if  not  all  the  Jassidis. 

Genus  PEDIOPSIS  Burm. 
Head  entirely  or  almost  entirely  deflexed,  viewed  from  above  form- 
ing a  narrow  margin  to  the  front  of  the  prothorax ;  vertex  confounded 
with  the  front,  with  the  eyes,  as  wide  as  the  pronotum.  Ocelli  on  the 
face  about  opposite  the  middle  of  the  eyes,  from  which  they  are  less 
distant  than  from  each  other.  A  more  or  less  obvious  depression  crosses 
the  middle  of  the  face  a  little  above  the  ocelli.  Front  bounded  by  a 
slight  depression,  not  quite  reaching  the  line  of  the  ocelli.  A  sharp 
oblique  ridge  from  the  outer  angle  of  the  eye  to  near  tiie  base  of  the 
clypeus,  shielding  the  base  of  the  antenna.  Lorce  prominent,  tumid. 
Outer  cheeks  narrow  below,  where  they  are  largely  coveed  by  the  lorse. 
Clypeus  oblong  or  ovate,  usually  with  a  lateral  depression  before  the 
lorae  that  sometimes  extends  across  the  apex.  Rostrum  short,  scarcely 
attaining  the  base  of  the  intermediate  femora;  composed  of  three  joints, 
the  basal  hidden  beneath  the  clypeus.  Pronotum  short  and  broad,  tri- 
angular before,  sides  very  short,  latero-posterior  angles  rounded;  posterior 
margin  broadly,  sometimes  angularly,  concave.  Scutellum  broad-tri- 
angular, transversely  depressed  before  the  apex,  which  is  sub-acute  ; 
slightly  calloused  within  the  basal  angles.  Elytra  thin  or  membranaceous, 
costa  more  or  less  arquated,  apex  rounded,  mner  margin  straight  ;  mem- 
brane without  an  appendix.      Ordmarily  there  are  six  closed  cells  on  the 


— 168— 

corium,  one  basal,  two  discal,  and  three  ante-apical.  Membrane  com- 
posed of  the  five  apical  areoles.  One  or  more  additional  nerves  some- 
times appear  on  the  disk  of  the  corium.  Clavus  widi  two  simple  parallel 
nerves  terminating  on  the  sutural  margin.  Wings  very  delicate  mem- 
branaceous ;  al)dominal  area  large  ;  costa  slightly  concave  ;  supernum- 
erary cell  wanting;  first  radial  simple ;  second  radial  forked  before  the 
apex,  each  of  these  lorks  is  connected  by  a  delicate  transverse  nerve  to 
the  adjacent  railial,  forming  thiee  apical  areoles  ;  the  two  remaining 
radials  simple  ;  a  marginal  nerve  running  near  and  parallel  to  the  outer 
edge  of  the  wing  connects  all  these  radials  and  their  branches.  Tarsi 
three-jointed,  tlie  basal  joint  of  die  hind  pair  almost  as  long  as  the  second 
and  third  united.  Abdomen  .'-hort,  laterally  compressed,  showing  seven 
segments  above  and  six  beneath  ;  ventral  segments  after  the  first  much 
depressed  within  ihe  connexivum  ;  fifth,  or  ventral  plate,  in  the  male 
sub-cylindric,  slighdy  emarginate  at  the  apex  ;  in  the  female  flat,  ob- 
tusely triangular  and  distinctly  emarginate  at  the  apex.  The  form  of  this 
ventral  plate  in  the  female,  which  in  Bythoscopus  differs  m  the  various 
species  and  forms  excellent  specific  characters,  in  Pediopsis  is  scarcely 
variable  and  is  of  liltle  help  in  discriminating  the  species.  The  characters 
of  the  genitalia  do  not  diflter  materially  from  those  of  the  family  ;  in  the 
male  the  valve  is  wanting,  the  plates  are  broad  and  hooked  above,  the 
styles  are.ligulate,  curved  upward  toward  the  apex,  and  fringed  within 
with  long  hairs. 

The  striation  of  the  pronotum  radiates  from  a  central  smooth  line 
obliquely  towards  the  posterior  angles.  In  some  species  these  rugse  are 
very  prominent,  in  others  feeble  and  broken  up  into  coalescing  punct- 
ures ;  the  same  form  of  sculpture  is  found  on  the  upper  part  of  the  face, 
but  here  it  is  less  distinct  ;  the  central  smooth  line  is  generally  discern- 
able  as  far  as  the  frontal  suture.  In  the  male  the  clypeus  and  lorje  are 
widened  and  somewhat  swollen,  obscuring  the  sutures  and  giving  a 
square  appearance  to  the  lower  part  of  the  face.  Two  styles  of  elytral 
marking  may  be  noted  :  unicolorous  or  obscurely  clouded  elytra,  viridis, 
lasalis  and  punctifrons  ;  transversely  banded  or  maculated  elytra,  tri- 
maculala,  bifasciaia,  Jlavescens,  msignis  and  ferrugineoides  ;  the  latter 
form  does  not  seem  to  be  represented  in  Europe,  or  but  feebly  in  cerea 
etc.  P.  viridis  as  here  defined  seems  to  combine  the  characters  of  the 
European  group  represented  by  virescens,  and  that  represented  by  cerea, 
glandacea,  &c. ,  the  former  by  the  9  viridis,  the  latter  by  the  (^  ;  the 
European  cerea,  &c. ,  exhibit  a  black  dot  on  the  propleura  and  on  the 
outside  of  the  posterior  tibia  at  their  base,  the  former  only  of  which  is 
present  in  the  American  species.  P.  punctifrons  is  the  only  American 
representative  known  to  me  of  the  spotted-faced  series  that  is  so  largely 


— 169 — 

represented  in  England  and  on  ihe  Continent,  but  it  is  not  unlikely  that 
other  examples  will  yet  be  added  from  the  Pacific  Coast  region  where 
the  fauna]  peculiarities  lesemble  those  of  Europe  much  more  closely 
than' the  Atlantic  region.  As  a  rule  our  species  are  a  little  larger  than 
the  corresponding  European  forms,  and  the  pronotal  striation  is  less 
distinct. 

I  am  placed  under  renewed  obligations  to  Mr.  P.  R.  Uhler  for  the 
loan  of  very  valuable  material  in  this  genus  and  in  BytJwscopus  without 
which  the  present  studies  would  have  been  much  more  imperfect. 

The  following  synoptic  key  to  our  described  species  I  have  prepared 
simply  as  an  aid  to  determination.  It  is  purely  artificial  and  does  not 
pretend  to  exhibit  to  any  extent  the  natural  relationship  existing  between 
the  species.  The  value  of  the  black  dot  on  the  propleura  as  a  specific 
or  even  a  sexual  character  is  perhaps  somewhat  questionable,  but  as  it  is 
practically  uniform  in  all  the  species  before  me,  and  a  convenient 
character,  1  have  ventured  to  make  use  of  it,  trusting  to  future  observ- 
ations to  prove  or  disprove  its  utility. 

SYNOPTIC  TABLE. 

1  (_i6)  Face  unspotted. 

2  (7)     Elytra  hyaline  or  more  or  less  obscured,  not  transversely  banded  or  maculated 

toward  tiie  apex. 

3  (6)    Propleura  without  a  black  spot. 

4  (5)    Entire  insect  green  ;  elytra  hyahne,  nerves  green i.  viridis   ^ 

5  (4)    Ferruginous  ;  elytra  hyaline  or  nearly  so,  with  a  piceous  band  on  the  base  of 

the  clavus 2.  basalis 

6  (9)    Tropleura  with  a  black  spot.     Color   dull   green  or  brown,    elytra  smoky,   at 

least  on  the  apex  and  inner  margin .  .    I.    viridis  (^' 

7  (2)     Elytra  colored,  more  or  less  distinctly  banded  or  spotted  with  hyaline,  at  least 

toward  the  apex. 

8  (15)  Propleura  with  a  black  spot. 

9  (10)  Ferruginous;  clypeus  short  and   broad,   lorre  inconspicuous;  size  large 

3.  ferrugineoides 

10  (9)  Brown  or  brownish,  at  least  above,  or  pale  yellow  ;  clypeus  of  medium  length 

or  long,  lorEC  conspicuous  (except  in  trimaculata). 

11  (12)  Rugae  very  prominent ;  clypeus  long  and  narrow,  ventral  plate  of  $  dist- 

inctly convex,  elytra  brown  with  a  pale  point  on  the  disk. .  .  .4.  insignis 

12  (11)  Rugae  not  very   prominent  ;  clypeus    broad,    impressed    beyond    the    loiae  ; 

ventral  plate  of  9  flat. 

13  (14)  Beneath  and  legs  dark  brown  or  black  ;  elytra  brown  trimaculate  with  pale. . 

5.  trimaculata 

14  (13)  Beneath  and  legs  pale  ;  elytra  whitish  hyaline  bifasciate  with  brown 

6.  bifasciata 

15  (8)  Propleura  without  a  black  spot.     Yellow,  elytra  bifasciate  with  brown 

7.  flavescens 

16  (i)  Face  spotted.     Insect  pale  green  ;  elytra  hyaline,    nerves  fuscous  or  at  least 

tinged  with  brownish 8.  punctifrons 


— 170 — 

I.  Pediopsis  viridis  Fitch,  Homop.  of  the  N.  Y.  State  Cabinet,  p.  59,  (1851). 
Walker,  List  of  Homop.,  IV,  p.  1162,  (1852),  {^Bythoscopus^.  Uhler,  Bull. 
U.  S.  Geol.  and  Geog.  Surv.,  Ill,  p.  467,  (1876).  Van  Duzee,  Can.  Ent., 
XXI,  p.  9,  (1889). 

Female. — Uniform  pea-green  or  yellowish-green,  generally  fading  to  a  yellowish 
color  in  the  dried  specimens.  Legs  and  beneath  paler.  Face  finely  punctured  below, 
the  rugae  above  indistinct,  frontal  sutures  conspicuous  ;  clypeus  long,  extending  for 
half  its  length  beyond  the  lorse  ;  eyes  brown.  Rostrum  yellowish  green,  tip  black. 
Pronotal  rugae  feeble.  Elytra  greenish  hyaline,  rarely  very  faintly  obscured  toward 
the  apex  ;  nerves  green,  pale  toward  the  tip.  Wings  very  delicate  whitish  hyaline. 
Claws  and  an  annulus  of  small  teeth  at  the  tip  of  the  posterior  tibia  black. 

Male.  —  Obscure  green  or  brown  ;  face  and  scutellum  paler;  elytra  brown,  at 
least  on  the  apex  and  inner  margin.  Facial  punctures  and  frontal  rugre  rather  more 
distinct  than  in  the  female.  Scutellum  finely  and  obscurely  punctured.  Propleura 
with  a  black  spot.  Beneath  pale  yellowish  brown  or  honey-yellow  with  the  venter 
fulvous,  in  brown  examples ;  or  yellowish  green  with  the  venter  pale,  in  green 
examples.  Tarsi  black  or  more  often  only  tipped  with  black.  Elytra  varying  from 
pale  green  with  a  smoky  cloud  on  the  apex  and  inner  margin  to  imiform  deep  smoky 
brown.  Wings  faintly  embrowned  toward  their  apex  or  along  their  entire  outer 
margin  ;  nervules  brown,  conspicuous.  Tergum  greenish  or  lerruginous,  more  or 
less  invaded  with  black,  or  the  disk  entirely  black  with  the  segments  narrowly  marg- 
ined with  pale. 

Length,  (5',  4^—5  mm.;    (^,  5 — 6  mm. 

The  individual  variation  here  encountered  is  considerable  and  of  a 
very  puzzling  nature,  and  I  do  not  feel  fully  satisfied  that  I  have  rightly 
defined  the  species  here.  Among  86  examples  (47  (^(^  and  39  9  9)' 
now  before  me,  43  males  agree  in  being  of  some  shade  of  green  or  brown 
with  the  elytra  more  or  less  smoky,  and  with  a  black  spot  on  the  pro- 
pleura  ;  of  the  females  37  agree  in  being  uf  a  uniform  green  of  some 
shade  with  at  most  but  a  faint  trace  of  brown  at  the  apex  of  the  elytra, 
and  without  a  black  spot  on  the  propleura.  I  feci  confident  that  die 
variation  from  green  to  brown  in  the  males,  and  from  vcllowish  to  deep 
green  in  the  females  is  not  always  or  entirely  dependant  on  the  maturity 
of  the  individual.  Of  the  six  anomalous  examples  before  me  three  males 
correspond  very  closely  with  the  females  in  color,  while  two  females 
mimic  the  males  ;  this  induced  me  formerly  to  consider  them  distinct 
species,  but  as  the  brown  males  and  green  females  occur  together  in  great 
numbers  on  the  same  willow  bush  both  as  young  and  adult,  and  with 
the  entire  absence  of  the  similarly  colored  examples  of  the  opposite  sex, 
it  seems  necessary  to  unite  them  although  I  have  not  yet  found  them 
pairing. 

This  is  by  far  our  most  abundant  species  of  Pediopsis  in  Western 
New  York.  It  lives  on  Willow  and  reaches  maturity  about  the  20th  of 
June,  continuing  abundant  until  August.  I  have  also  taken  it  at  Mus- 
koka  Lake.     Mr.  Uhler  records  it  from  Colorado   and  has  sent  me  an 


—171  — 

example  labeled  "Md.,  June  rSth,  on  Willow,"  and   two  small  brown 
males  from  Nevada. 

2.  Pediopsis  basalis,  n.  sp. 

Form  of/",  nassata  Germ.  Ferruginous  ;  abdomen  olive  green  ;  elytra  pellucid, 
slightly  clouded  at  base  and  npex,  a  dark  piceous  band  on  tlie  base  bordering  the 
scutellum.     Length,  5  mm.,  9- 

Head  pale  below  ;  face  finely  and  obscurely  punctured,  above  with  the  central 
smooth  line  and  radiatini^  rugre  almost  obsolete  ;  eyes  and  ocelli  black.  Pronotum 
finely  wrinkled  ;  central  smooth  line  nearly  obsolete  ;  posterior  edge  broadly,  not 
angularly,  concave.  vScutellum  finely  punctured,  darker  at  the  basal  angles.  Elytra 
thickened  and  distinctly  wrinkled  on  the  base  of  the  clavus,  which  is  marked  with  a 
broad  piceous  band  contiguous  to' the  scutellar  margin  ;  base  of  the  corium  and  apex 
broadly  suffused  with  pale  yellowish  brown.  Abdomen  dirty  olive  green,  the  edge 
of  the  segments  paler.     Valves  yellow,  tipped  with  green.     Tip  of  the  tarsi  brownish. 

Described  from  a  single  female  specimen,  taken  near  Muskoka  Lake, 
about  the  first  of  August,  1888.  This  large  distinctly  marked  form  can 
not  be  confounded  with  any  other  described  species. 

3.  Pediopsis  ferrugineoides  n.  sp. 

Form  broad  and  stout.  Color  I'errugmous,  lower  half  of  the  face  and  all  beneath 
yellow,  apex  of  the  elytra  and  a  transverse  band  beyond  the  middle  subhyaline ;  pro- 
pleiua  with  a  black  spot.     Length,  5'- — 6  mm.,  width  of  pronotum  about  2  mm. 

Vertex  viewed  from  above  very  narrow  ;  face  broad  and  short,  with  coarse, 
shallow,  not  very  distinct  rugse  and  punctures  ;  frontal  suture  almost  obsolete  ;  lorce 
narrow,  inconspicuous,  quite  widely  margined  by  the  cheeks  ;  clypeus  broad  and 
short,  scarcely  projecting  beyond  the  lorse,  surlace  broadly  impressed  before  the  tip 
which  IS  rounded,  base  tumid  with  a  central  depression  ;  tip  of  the  rostrum  black. 
Pronotum  darker  on  the  disk  ;  an  elongated  yellow  spot  behind  the  eye,  more  or  less 
distinct,  and  a  trace  of  the  same  color  at  the  apex  ;  rugae  distinct  but  not  conspicuous; 
posterior  margin  rather  deeply  concave.  Scutellum  coarsely  punctured  with  five 
yellow  spots,  two  placed  within  the  basal  angles,  two  smaller  ones  on  the  middle  of 
the  lateral  margins,  and  an  abbreviated  longitudinal  line  on  the  middle  of  the  base  ; 
apex  yellowish.  Legs  pale  yellow.  Abdomen  bright  fulvous,  the  venter  paler. 
Elytra  ferruginous,  paler  towards  the  apex  ;  a  transverse  band  near  the  tip  of  the 
clavus  and  the  apex  more  or  less  distinctly  subhyaline,  the  included  ferruginous  band 
may  be  reduced  to  a  spot  on  the  apex  of  the  sutural  margin  by  the  costal  coalescence 
of  the  clear  bands,  veins  concolorous.     Wings  milky  transparent,  veins  white. 

Montana.  Two  examples,  both  females,  -received  from  ]\Ir.  Uhler. 
One,  a  pale  individual,  evidently  immature,  exhibits  but  traces  of  the 
yellow  markings  on  the  pronotum  and  scutellum.  This  is  the  largest 
species  of /'^^//o/i^?^  that  has  come  under  my  observation.  It  is  well 
distinguished  from  all  our  other  species  by  its  short  tumid  clypeus  and 
depressed  lorte. 

4.  Pediopsis  insignis  n.  sp. 

Dull  yellowish  brown  O,  or  blackish  brown  (^  ;  covered  with  a  white  bloom 
when  fresh  ;  elytra  with  a  small  pale  spot  beyond  the  middle  ;  pronotal  rugre  very 
distinct.     Length,  1^,  4  mm.;   ^,  4^ — 5  mm. 


— 172 — 

Female. — Color,  yellowish  brown  ;  superior  tip  and  sometimes  the  apex  of  the 
lace  darker  ;  tip  of  the  rostrum  and  claws  black.  Face  coarsely  and  evenly  punct- 
ured, rugae  distinct  above,  sutures  of  the  front  almost  obsolete  ;  lorse  prominent, 
tumid,  paler  than  the  face  ;  clypeus  narrow,  convex,  sides  scarcely  depressed  beyond 
the  lor?e.  Ventral  plate  broad  and  rather  short,  disk  distinctly  convex,  apex  with  a 
deep  notch.  All  the  pleural  pecies  with  a  central  black  spot,  that  of  the  mesopleura 
much  the  largest.  Pronotum  pale  yellowish  brown  ;  a  large  dusky  patch  on  the  disk 
almost  reaching  the  anterior  margin  in  the  middle,  with  a  curved  extension  on  each 
side  along  the  hind  edge  nearly  to  the  humeral  angles  ;  rugse  very  distinct  and  ob- 
lique over  the  entire  surface  ;  posterior  margin  deeply  arquated.  Sculellum  pale 
brown,  the  basal  angles  and  sometimes  the  apex  with  a  dusky  spot.  Elytra  uniform 
pale  brown,  or  slightly  paler  near  the  apex  of  the  costa  ;  nervures  pale,  a  small  pale 
spot  on  the  base  of  the  two  inner  ante-apical  cells.  Abdomen  more  or  less  tinged 
with  ferruginous,  the  posterior  margin  of  the  segments  narrowly  pale  ;  valves  some- 
times dusky.  Wings  smoky  hyaline,  nervures  fuscous.  Legs  concolorous  with  the 
abdomen,  the  tibiae  darker. 

Male. — Blackish  brown,  elytral  nervures  scarcely  paler  ;  black  areas  much  ex- 
tended, especially  on  the  abdomen  which  may  be  entirely  black, ^  with  the  margins  of 
the  segments  pale  ;  otherwise  like  the  female. 

Many  examples  taken  at  Lancaster,  N.  Y. ,  July  9th,  1889,  on  low 
bushes  of  Wild  Plum.  One  9)  taken  at  Madison.  Kan.,  by  my  brother, 
M.  C.  Van  Duzee,  only  differs  from  the  eastern  examples  in  the  slightly 
darker  color  and  abbreviated  elytra  which  reach  only  to  the  tip  of  the 
abdomen.  Superficially  this  resembles  the  trimaculata  but  differs  from 
it  and  from  all  our  other  species  by  the  form  of  the  clypeus  and  ventral 
plate  and  by  the  conspicuous  striation  of  the  pronotum,  approaching  in 
this  respect  the  European  species. 

5.   Pediopsis  trimaculata  Fitch.   Homop.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.,  p.  60,  1851. 

Dr.  Fitch's  description   of  this  species  is  as  fo'lows  : 
"  Dull  brown  ;  scutel  with  a  black  spot  at  each   angle,    the   posterior   one  some- 
"  times  obsolete  ;  elytra  with  pellucid  white  spots,  situated,   one  on  the  apex,  one  on 
"  the  disk,  and  a  third  anteriorly  ;  scutellar  region  obscure  cinereous  ;    face   whitish. 
"Length,  .18  inch.     Mo.  7S5,    9." 

On  the  4th  of  July,  1885,  I  took  at  Golden,  N.  Y. ,  a  single  female 
of  this  species  of  which  the  following  is  a  description  : 

Form  short  and  robust.  Color  soiled  yellowish  brown,  face  and  scutel  paler. 
Apex  of  the  clypeus  and  coxk,  knees,  tarsi,  penultimate  joint  of  the  rostrum  before, 
margin  of  the  mesosternum,  and  the  venter  pale  yellowish.  Facial  rugse  distinct  ; 
front  rather  coarsely  punctured.  Outer  cheeks  and  pleural  pecies  black.  Antennse 
and  spines  of  the  posterior  tibire  pale.  Valves  dusky  on  the  sides.  Basal  angles  of 
the  scutel  black.  Elytra  reaching  the  tip  of  the  abdomen  ;  clavus  deep  brown  ; 
corium  pale  grayish  white,  a  large  patch  near  the  middle  scarcely  reaching  the  claval 
suture,  and  extending  along  the  costa  to  the  shoulder,  and  a  transverse  band  before 
the  apex  brown.     Length,  51  mm. 

The  elytra  are  of  an  unusually  thick,  almost  coriaceous  texture,  with 
the  surface  more  distinctly  wrinkled  than  in  our  other  species  ;  possibly 
they  are  variable  in  length  as  in  insignis.    This  is  probably  a  rare  species. 


—173— 

6.  Pediopsis  bifasciata  n.  sp. 

Brownish  fenuyiiioiis,  pale  beneath.  Elytra  vvliitish  hyaline  bifasciate  with 
fuscous.     Length,  5^  mm. 

Face  finely  and  obscurely  punctured  ;  clypeus  pale  yellowish,  broadly  depressed 
and  smooth  at  the  apex,  clothed  with  scattering  minute  liairs  ;  lorae  conspicuous,  al- 
most concealing  the  lower  part  of  the  cheeks  ;  rostrum  rather  long,  tip  black  ;  eyes 
black.  Pronotum  finely  wrinkled,  darker  on  the  disk,  the  posterior  margin  narrowly 
pale  ;  lateral  margin  rather  long  with  a  black  spot  between  the  eye  and  the  base  of 
the  elytra.  Angles  of  the  scutellum  darker.  Beneath  pale  honey  yellow;  pleural 
peciesand  femora,  except  at  base,  tinged  with  ferruginous.  Propleura  with  a  black 
spot.  Claws  and  metanotum  black.  Tergum  yellowish  brown,  darker  toward  the 
apex.  Elytra  whitish  hyaline  with  a  transverse  fuscous  band,  displaced  on  the  claval 
suture,  crossing  near  their  middle,  and  another  just  before  their  apex  ;  nervurescon- 
colorous.     Wings  hyaline,  nervures  pale  fuscous. 

The  amount  of  fuscous  on  the  elytra  is  perhaps  subject  to  variation. 
In  the  present  example  the  hyaline  surface  slightly  exceeds  the  fuscous, 
and  the  space  between  the  fuscous  bands  has  a  clearer  whitish  aspect. 
Described  from  one  9  taken  at  Muskoka  Lake  the  last  of  July  1888. 

This  species  bears  a  certain  resemblance  to  the  trimaculata  of  Fitch, 
but  it  is  larger  and  stouter,  the  lower  surface  and  legs  are  pale,  the 
sculpturing  of  the  head  and  thorax  is  much  finer,  and  the  elytra  are 
differently  marked. 

7.  Pediopsis  flavescens  Prov.  Naturaliste  Canadien,  IV,  p.  376,  1872. 

Pale  yellowish  or  greenish  yellow  ;  abdomen  fulvous  ;  elytra  with  two  transverse 
brown  bands.     Length,  4|  mm.,  5. 

Head,  pronotum  and  scutellum  pale  yellow  or  greenish  yellow,  finely  punctured. 
Clypeus  broad,  not  tumid,  the  submargin  depressed  before  the  lorse,  the  apex  broadly 
rounded.  Eyes  brown.  Posterior  margin  of  the  pronotum  rather  deeply  concave, 
the  rugae  indistinct.  Elytra  whitish  hyaline,  obscurely  washed  with  yellowish  at  the 
base,  with  two  broad  pale  brown  transverse  bands,  one  near  the  middle,  the  other  on 
the  apex  but  omitting  the  extreme  tip.  Abdomen  fulvous,  edges  of  the  doisal  seg- 
ments, inner  margin  of  the  valves,  and  ventral  plate  sometimes  whitish.  Legs  pale 
whitish  yellow. 

Two  examples  ;  Muskoka,  Ont. ,  July  1888,  and  Lancaster,  N.  Y. , 
June  27th  1889.  This  species  most  nearly  resembles  the  preceding  but 
they  are  sufficiently  distinct. 

It  is  not  without  misgivings  that  I  refer  this  insect  to  M.  Provancher's 
species.  It  is  larger  than  he  indicates,  is  not  "washed  with  brown  on 
the  thorax,*'  and  the  elytral  bands  are  more  distinct ;  but  this  character 
is,  I  think,  liable  to  vary,  and  the  two  former  could  be  reconciled  b}  as- 
suming that  he  drew  up  his  description  from  a  male.  With  our  |)resent 
meagre  knowledge  of  the  Noith  American  Bythoscopidce  an  erroneous, 
determination  seems  preferable  to  the  possible  creation  of  a  new  synonym. 
The  following  translation  of  M.  Provancher's  description  will  afford  a 
ready  means  of  comparison  should  more  promising  material  be  procured 
later. 

Entomologic.\  Amekicana.     Vol,    V.  2  Septkmhek  188'.). 


—  f74  — 

"Length,  .12  inch.  Yellovvisli  ;  thorax  washed  with  brownish  ;  elytra  hyaline, 
washed  with  yellowish  at  the  base,  carrying  near  the  middle  and  at  the  apex  ill  de- 
fined, more  or  less  ap|iarent  spots.  Vertex  narrow,  slightly  triangular  before  the 
same  as  the  front  of  the  prothorax.  Elytra  longer  than  the  body.  Beneath  and  feet 
also  yellow." 

8.  Pediopsis  punctifrons  Uhl.  MS. 

Similar  in  form  to  P.  sctitcllata  but  smaller.  Pale  or  yellowish  green  ;  face  and 
scutel  with  hilack  spots  ;  elytra  hyaline  with  brown  nervures.  Length,  3| — 4  mm., 
width,  about  i^  mm. 

Male.— Head  broad,  less  angular  before  than  in  viridis.  Face  with  distinct  but 
shallow  punctures  and  wrinkles,  these  broken  and  somewhat  obscure  on  the  front  ; 
frontal  sutures  distinct ;  lorK  of  medium  width,  scarcely  tumid  ;  clypeus  broad,  the 
sides  rounded,  with  a  slight  depression  beyond  the  lorae.  In  fully  colored  examples 
there  are  fine  black  spots  on  the  face  ;  one  above  near  the  tip,  another  on  each  side 
directly  above  the  ocellus,  and  two  comma-shaped  spots  facing  each  other  on  the 
upper  part  of  the  front.  Ocelli  brown.  Eyes  pale.  Tip  of  the  rostrum  black.  Pro- 
pleura  with  a  black  spot.  Legs  and  all  beneath  pale  green.  Pronotum  with  distinct 
rugae  ;  anterior  margin  quite  strongly  depressed  each  side  of  the  center  behind  the 
eyes  where  there  is  a  row  of  four  or  five  impressed  black  points,  or  a  black  line  ;  disk 
sometimes  suffused  with  brownish.  Scutellum  pale  with  a  broad  black  central  longi- 
tudinal line,  widened  toward  the  apex  where  it  is  divided  by  a  slender  pale  line  ;  in 
pale  examples  this  line  is  broken  into  three  small  spots  arranged  in  a  triangle  ; 
each  side  of  this  central  line  and  immediately  before  the  transverse  depression  is  a 
round  black  point ;  and  within  the  basal  angles  are  triangular  black  spots.  Elytra 
hyaline,  greenish  at  the  base,  the  nervures  brown  ;  generally  there  are  one  or  more 
extra  transverse  nervures  in  the  anti-apical  cells.  Wings  transparent  with  brownish 
veins.     Tergum  yellowish  green. 

The  female  differs  from  the  male  in  being  paler,  with  the  elytral 
nervures  greenish  or  but  slightly  embrowned,  and  in  having  the  black 
spots  much  reduced  or  some  of  them  wanting.  The  round  black  points 
on  each  side  of  the  vertex  and  disk  of  the  scutellum  are  the  last  to  be 
effected  and  are  probably  never  entirely  absent. 

Arizona.  Collected  by  the  late  Mr.  H.  K.  Morrison.  Described 
from  seven  examples  ;  four  received  from  Mr.  Uhler  and  three  from  the 
Cornell  University  collection. 


A  little  lot  of  Callimorpha  contigua  is  now  feeding  on  Rubus  and 
Rosa.  To  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Schoenborn  I  owe  the  eggs,  taken  from 
several  captured  females  all  exactly  alike,  as  I  had  an  opportunity  of 
seemg.  1  tried  the  young  larva  on  Plantain  and  several  others  of  the 
ordinary  Arc/rid  food  plants,  but  they  refused  everything  but  a  leaf  of 
Black-cap  Raspberry  which  got  in  by  accident.  They  will  eat  also 
Blackberry  and  Rose,  but  took  nothing  else. 


—  175— 

CONTRIBUTIONS    TOWARD    A    MONOGRAPH    OF 
THE    NOCTUIDiE    OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 


REVISION  OF  THE  SPECIES  OF  PSEUDANARTA. 


By  John   B.   Smith. 


Genus  PSEUDANARTA  Hy.  Edw. 

Proc.    Cal.   Ac.   Sci.,   vol.   6,   p.   133,    1875. 

Plump,  rather  robust  species  of  small  or  medium  size.  Eyes  naked 
with  a  distinct  fringe  of  hair'  or  "lashed'' — less  distmct  in  singula,  very 
heavy  in  flavidens  and  obvious  in  flava.  The  head  is  small,  closely 
applied  to  the  thorax  but  scarcely  sunken.  Eyes  small,  prominent, 
round.  Frontal  vestiture  scaly,  divergent,  forming  superimposed  tufts. 
Palpi  distinct,  somewhat  divergent,  moderate  in  size,  the  vestiture  rather 
loose.  Tongue  long  and  strong.  Antennae  simply  and  finely  ciliate  in 
the  rnale,  entirely  smooth  in  the  female.  Thorax  quadrate,  vestiture 
coarse,  consisting  of  a  mixture  of  scales  and  flattened  hairs,  forming  an 
anterior  divided  crest,  and  a  distinct  posterior  tuft.  Patagiae  somewhat 
uplifted  and  well  defined.  Collar  marked.  Legs  short  and  stout,  the 
spurs  of  middle  and  hind  tibiae  moderate  or  rather  short,  else  unarmed  ; 
rather  densely  clothed  with  long  and  fine  hair.  Abdomen  somewhat 
exceeding  secondaries,  conic,  with  a  row  of  small,  truncate  dorsal  tufts, 
and  in  the  male  a  series  of  small  lateral  tufts.  Wings  proportionate  ; 
primaries  trigonate,  \x\falcata  the  apices  somewhat  marked,  outer  margin 
bulging  medially — in  the  other  species  the  apices  rectangular  or  some- 
what more  defined,  the  outer  margin  even  and  rounded  obliquely  ;  the 
fringes  are  very  slightly  nicked.  Secondaries  proportionate,  the  outer 
margins  even.  The  coloration  of  the  secondaries  is  peculiar  to  the 
genus — they  are  yellow,  with  distinct  black  outer  border,  mimicing  some 
species  o{  Atinrta,  which  indeed  they  somewhat  resemble  in  habitus. 

The  genitalia  of  the  two  species  examined  are  not  particularly  alike 
and  will  be  especially  described  with  the  species. 

The  genus  is  scarcely  a  well  defined  one,  and  the  species  were 
mostly  described  as  Hadena.  Mr.  Edwards  based  his  genus  on  the 
habitus  and  color,  and  Mr.  Grote  adopts  it  as  a  rather  doubtful  division 
of  Hadena.  The  distinctly  lashed  eyes  form  perhaps  the  most  distinguish- 
ing feature  of  the  genus.  The  yellow  secondaries  form  a  very  good 
superficial  distinctive  charater. 


*  For  introduction  to  this  series  see  Ento.  Amer.,  N ,  p.  105.      The  figures  to  this 
paper  will  appear  in  a  following  number. 


— 176 — 

The  species  are  readily  distinguishable.  Two  of  them  are  unknown 
to  me  but  apparently  distinct  enough  from  the  descriptions. 

Falcaia  Neumoegen,  is  said  to  have  the  primaries  somewhat  falcate 
— an  obvious  distinction,  for  none  of  the  other  species  have  any  approach 
to  this.  The  generic  reference  may  be  inaccurate.  It  is  compared  by 
its  describer  to  P.  flava. 

Aurea  Grote,  is  a  very  small  species,  smaller  than  flava,  with  very 
dark  primaries,  the  reniform  white  and  contrasting.  The  secondaries 
have  the  black  margin  to  primaries  narrow,  and  have  also  the  costal 
margin  black — a  somewhat  distinctive  feature. 

Flava  Grote,  is  also  a  small  species  with  more  bruwni^^h  primaries 
with  narrow  white  lines  emphasizing  the  maculation,  the  median  lines 
variably  separated,  and  with  a  usually  somewhat  faint  connecting  line. 
Singula  Grote,  is  decidedly  larger  and  very  distinctly  marked.  The 
median  lines  are  very  distinctly  connected  by  a  black  dash  and  there  is 
an  oblique,  black,  sub-apical  shade.  The  t.  p.  line  has  a  distinct  though 
not  prominent  outward  tooth  over  reniform. 

Flavidens  Grote,  is  still  larger  and  is  the  largest  species  of  the  genus. 
The  median  lines  are  very  even,  somewhat  approximate  and  with  a  very 
faint  connecting  line,  often  entirely  wanting.  A  whitish  shade  accom- 
panies the  t.  p.  line,  and  there  is  a  very  distinct  median  shade  line 
through  the  outer  portion  of  median  space,  which  is  found  in  none  of 
the  other  species. 

In  tabular  form  the  scheme  is  as  follows  : 

Primaries  with  marked  apices,  sub-falcate falcata 

Primaries  with  rectangular  or  rounded  apices. 

Size  very  small  ;  reniform  contrasting,  white,    color  dark  ;  secondaries  with  oslal 

margin  black .   aurea 

Size  small  ;  reniform   not   contrasting,    color    more    brownish,    costal    maigin-    of 

secondaries  not  black flava 

Size  larger,  moderate. 

Median  lines  well  separated  ;  distinctly  connected  by  a  black  dash  on  subaiedian 

fold.     No  distinct  median  shade  hne singula 

Median  lines  more  approximate,  even  ;  no  distinct  connecting  line  ;  a  very  distinct 

median  shade  line flavidens 

P.  falcata  Naum.  Papilio,  3,  141,  1883. 
Antennse,  head,  thorax  and  abdomen  light  brown,  with  anal  tuft  of  a  lighter 
shade.  Underside  of  abdomen  and  legs  of  the  same  lighter  shade.  Primaries  very 
pointed  at  apex,  then  considerably  bulging  out  along  exterior  margin,  and  rounding 
off  at  inner  angle.  Color  of  same  a  light  brown.  A  light  transverse  line  from  near 
apex  to  inner  margin  ;  the  space  enclosed  between  the  same  and  exterior  margin  of 
a  lighter  shade,  darkening  along  the  latter  and  showing  faintly  a  marginal  line  ot  ir- 
regular dots  from  apex  to  inner  angle.  Another  faint,  oblique  line  from  costa  near 
base  to  middle  ot  interior  margin,  nearly  joining  there  the  anterior  transverse  line. 
A  faint  whitish  reniform  discal  ring,  having  a  larger,  oblong  anterior  companion  ring. 
Fringes  light  brown. 


—  177— 

Secondaries  and  fringes  bright  yellow,  immaculate,  with  a  distinct  broad  black 
marginal  band  from  costa  to  anal  angle.  hSeneatb,  primaries,  briglit  yellow,  slightly 
dusted  with  brown  grains  along  costa.  A  broad  black  transverse  marginal  band 
covering  nearly  one-third  ot  the  wing.  Secoiularies  brij^ht  yellov\-,  slightly  dusted 
with  brown  along  costa.  The  same  broad  black  marginal  b.ind  as  on  upper  surtace. 
A  small  black  discal  spot. 

Expanse  of  wings,  20  mm.      Length  of  body,  8  tniii. 

Habitat — Ft.  Huachuca,  Arizona  (Morrison).  l"}'pe,  (^.  Coll., 
B.  Neumoegen. 

The  only  representative  of  its  tribe  with  falcate  wings  so  far  known, 
nearing  otherwise  in  appearance  A.  flava. 

The  species  is  autoptically  unknown  lo  tne,  ;ind  the  above  is  Mr. 
Neumoegen's  original  description.  The  wing  form  is  so  unlike  the  other 
species,  as  to  suggest  a  doubt  of  the  generic  reference. 

P.   aurea  Grt.      Bull.  Surv.,  5,  205;  Can.  Ent.,  14,  19,  1S82. 

"  (^f  smaller  thati  H.jlava.  P'ore  wings  daik  blackish  brown,  darker  from  the 
arcuate  single  t.  a.  line  over  the  anterior  half  of  the  median  space.  Reniform  pale, 
whitish,  spherical,  standing  out,  the  only  grominent  feature  of  the  dark  primaries, 
repeated  beneath,  fringes  concolorous.  The  wing  is  pa!est  about  the  reniform  and 
over  subterminal  space.  Hind  wings  orange  yellow  with  broad  even  black  costal 
termmal  border  ;  beneath  as  above.  Body  parts  blackish.  This  species  is  remark- 
able for  the  similarity  between  the  upper  and  lower  surfaces  of  the  wings. 

Habitat — Southern  Te.xas,  Prof.  J.  A.  Lintner. '' 

"Very  different  Uoxn  flava,  by  the  black  costal  border  of  the  orange 
secondaries  and  the  narrower  and  more  even  hind  border." 

The  above  is  Mr.  Grote's  original  description.  1  have  seen  nothing 
to  accord  with  it  thus  far.      It  is  also  recorded  from  Arizona. 

P.  flava  Ort.     Trans.  \m.  ImiI.  Soc,    1874,    v.  5,    p.  01,  Iladnia  ;   Bull.  Surv.   4, 
178,  Pscudaiiarta. 

crocea  Hy.  Kdw.  Pr.  C'al.  .Ac.  Su'..  1875,  v.  6,  p.  i;,^,  Pscudaiiarta  ;  ■'^"•rt. 
Bull.  Surv.,  V.  6,  p.  265,  pr.  var.;  (Jan.  luit..  12,  215,  1880,  pr.  var. 
Head,  thorax  and  primaries  blackish  fuscous.  Patagia?  black  margined  and 
white  tipped.  Collar  also  pale  tipped.  Primaries  with  a  brown  suffusion  through 
median  space.  Basal  half  line  geminate,  distinct.  A  short  bkuk  dash  at  ba-e  and 
another  on  internal  margin  variably  defined  and  sometimes  wanting.  T.  n.  line 
distinctly  geminate,  included  space  bluish  white  ;  the  line  outwardly  curved,  and 
angulated,  most  distinctly  in  the  sub-median  interspace.  T.  p.  line  geminate  out- 
wardly curved  over  reniform  then  parallel  with  outer  margin  and  somewhat  sinuate 
to  the  internal  margin.  The  inner  line  distinctly  black,  included  space  bluish  white. 
P>eyond  this  line  is  a  bluish  white  shade  extending  to  the  s.  t.  line,  and  through  the 
centre  of  which  is  a  more  or  less  di-tnict  ijrownish  shade  most  marked  on  costa.  .S.  t. 
line  pale  irregular,  more  or  less  marked  with  blackish  preceding  spots.  A  narrow 
more  or  less  distinct  l^lack  line  through  sul)-median  interspace  connects  the  median 
lines,  which  are  very  variable  distances  apart.  Orbicular  concolorous,  obli(|ue,  nar- 
rowly v\hite  ringed  somewhat  vaiying  in  shape.  Reniform  upright  elongate,  con- 
stricted centrally,  narrowly  white  ringed,  also  variable  in  shape. 

Kntomologica  Amehicana.     Voi,.  V.  3  Sepikmheu  188'.). 


-178- 

Secondaries  yellow,  with  black  boi-ders.  Beneath  both  wings  very  pale  yellow 
powdered  with  blackish,  with  black  outer  border,  and  with  a  small  blackish 
discal  spot. 

Expands,  .80^ — i.oo  inch.,  23  —  25  mm. 

Habitat— Ox.,  Br.  Col.,  Col.,  Nev.,  Ariz.,  Texas  (.?). 

A  rather  variable  species,  yet  readily  recognizable. 

The  reach  of  variation,  and  the  characters  separating  crocea  are  thus 
given  by  Mr.  Grote  :  -'This  form  only  differs  from  the  typical yfaz^a  from 
British  Columbia  by  the  primaries  above  being  shaded  with  pale,  espec- 
ially on  the  disc,  and  being  more  yellowish,  beneath  at  base,  contrasting 
with  the  black  border.  These  colorational  characters  do  not  seem  to  be 
constant,  for  in  one  specimen  from  Oregon  the  pale  shading  is  confined 
to  a  space  about  the  reniform,  and  in  a  still  palev  crocea,  from  Colorado 
the  contrast  between  the  yellow  base  and  the  black  terminal  band  is  not 
as  great  as  usual.  I  think  crocea  is  a  variety  oi flava.  In  both  the  ex- 
terior line  is  outwardly  bent  over  the  median  nervules  and  followed  by  a 
whitish  and  then  a  brown  shade." 

From  the  material  at  my  command  I  would  refer  crocea  as  a  syn- 
onym rather  than  a  variety  o{ flava.  There  is  no  possible  line  between 
the  two,  geographical  or  otherwise. 

P.  singula  Grt.  Can.  Ent.,  12,  215,  1880,  Pseudanarta. 

Head,  thorax  and  primaries  blackish  fuscous,  varying  to  dark  gray.  Thorax 
with  the  patagi3e  black  edged.  Primaries  with  the  maculation  distinct.  Basal  half 
line  variably  distinct,  but  always  visible,  geminate,  arquate.  A  black  longitudinal 
dash,  somewhat  varying  in  length — a  black  mark  along  inner  margin,  also  somewhat 
variable  in  extent.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  inner  line  usually  faint,  the  outer  black  ; 
outwardly  curved  and  bent,  and  with  a  longer  outward  angle  on  the  internal  vein. 
T.  p.  line  bent  over  reniform  and  well  removed  from  it,  decidedly  angulate  opposite 
the  inferior  portion,  thence  with  a  slight  inward  curve  and  somewhat  tremulous  to 
hind  margin.  The  line  is  geminate,  the  inner  portion  black  and  sharply  defined,  the 
outer  more  or  less  obsolete.  Beyond  the  t.  p.  line  a  paler  shade  prevails,  gradually 
darkening  to  the  outer  mar;^in.  S.  t.  line  paler,  faint,  irregular.  An  oblique  black 
shade,  consisting  of  two  black  dift'use  dashes,  extends  from  below  apex  nearly  to  t.  p. 
line  at  its  angulation  beyond  the  cell.  A  broad  black  mark  connects  the  median  lines 
below  the  median  veins.  Orbicular  large,  oblique,  ovate,  slightly  paler,  black  ringed. 
Reniform  large,  upright  slightly  constricted  medially,  somewhat  paler,  rather  inde- 
finitely outlined.  Beyond  the  renifoim  and  close  to  and  parallel  with  the  t.  p.  line  is 
a  narrow  black  shade  line  indistinct  towards  costa,  but  distinct  below  reniform  to  the 
internal  margin.  Secondaries  yellow,  with  a  broad  black  outer  margin.  Beneath 
primaries  very  pale  yellow,  powdered  with  black  and  with  a  broad  black  margin. 
Secondaries  as  above. 

Expands,  i.oo — 1.12  inches,  25 — 28  mm. 

Habitat — Texas,  Arizona. 

A  broader  winged  and  larger  species  than  flava  and  very  distinct 
from  it  in  markings.  The  large  ordinary  spots  and  the  oblique  black 
shade  below  the  apex  are  characteristic. 


—179— 

This  is  the  species  recorded  by  Mr.  Morrison  as  flava  from  Texas, 
and  it  is  therefore  doubtful  whether  flava  really  occurs  there — as  singula 
extends  to  Arizona  however,  \\h.Q\Q  flava  is  also  found,  the  latter  may 
well  be  an  inhabitant  of  Texas. 

The  harpes  of  the  male  are  very  long  and  narrt)w,  terminating  in  a 
somewhat  acute  tip.  The  clasper  is  corneous,  long,  stout,  rather  ab- 
ruptly bent  and  suddenly  narrowing  toward  tij),  terminating  in  a  short 
beak-like  point. 

P.   flavidens  Grt.   Bull.  Surv.,  5,  205,   Pseudanarta. 

Head,  thorax  and  primaries  dark  ashen  or  blackish  fuscous.  Thorax  sprinkled 
with  black  and  gray,  the  patagiip  black  margincil.  Primaries  with  median  space 
darker,  s.  t.  space  decidedly  grayish  and  paler  than  the  rest  ot  the  wing.  Basal 
space  somewhat  evenly  dark  gray  with  a  small  brown  spot  near  t.  a.  line.  Basal  half 
line  geminate,  distinct,  black.  T.  a.  line  very  even,  curved  outwardly,  distinctly 
geminate,  the  inner  line  fainter,  the  outer  black.  T.  p.  line  geminate,  very  even, 
fine,  outwardly  curved  over  reniform  which  the  line  touches  interiorly,  then  obliquely 
incurved  to  the  internal  margin.  A  pale  shade  beyond  reniform  through  the  s.  t. 
space,  gradually  darkening  to  the  terminal  space  which  is  evenly  dark,  relieving  the 
very  irregular  pale  s.  t.  hne.  Orbicular  large,  oblique,  narrowly  black  ringed  grayish 
powdered.  Reniform  large  upright  pale  ringed,  and  with  a  pale  central  line.  A  very 
distinct  black  shade  line  from  costa,  close  to  reniform,  and  between  it  and  orbicular, 
then  parallel  with  and  close  to  t.  p.  line  to  the  internal  margin.  Secondaries  orange 
yellow,  with  a  broad  black  outer  border,  costa  narrowly  black.  Beneath,  primaries 
pale  yellow,  with  a  broad  black  outer  margm,  the  disk  suffused  with  blackisii. 
Secondaries  as  above,  the  costal  region  powdered  with  deep  brick  red. 

Expands,  i.io  —  i  20  inches,  27.5 — 30  mm. 

Habitat — Colorado. 

This  species  seems  rather  common  locally,  and  differs  from  all  the 
other  species  first  in  its  larger  average  size,  in  the  very  even  median  lines, 
the  pale  s.  t.  space,  and  in  the  distinct  black  median  shade  line. 

The  genitalia  of  the  male  have  the  harpes  moderately  wide,  the  tip 
rounded  and  slightly  oblique.  The  clasper  is  corneous,  broad  at  base, 
suddenly  bent  beyond  its  middle,  and  then  moderately  long  and  distinctly 
curved — differing  thus  throughout  from  singula  without  any  definite 
change  of  type. 


Dr.  Horn  is  studying  Heterocerus  and  Ochthehius. 

*  * 

* 

Capt.  Casey  has  in  hand  a  Revision  of  the  Pceden'ni. 

* 
Mr.  Roberts  is  making  a  very  complete  collection  of  water  beetles, 
and  promises  some  results  in  the  Haliplidce. 

*  * 

* 

"Ye  Editor"  is  getting  his  Noctuid  MS.  into  shape,  and  a  mono- 
graph of  Agrotis  will  probably  be  ready  for  press  early  in  October. 


■  i8o- 


A    New    Species    of   Haematobia. 

li\    S.     W.     WiLLISTON,     M.    D. 


H/EMATOBIA  CORNICOLA,  Wiu,. 

a)   Egg:     b)  Imago;     c)  Head  from  side;     dj  Mouth  parts. 


Haematobia  cornicola  n.  sp. 

? //.  si'rrata  Roliitieau  Desvoidy,  Myod.,  389. ^France. 
(^.  Length,  3^—4  mm.  Sides  of  the  front  gently-  concave,  in  its  narrowest 
width  about  equal  to  one-fourth  the  length  of  the  front  from  the  foremost  ocellus  to 
the  base  of  the  antennae  ;  in  the  middle  a  narrow,  dark  brown  stripe ;  a  single  row 
of  slender  bristles  on  each  side.  AntenniB  brownish  red  ;  second  joint  slightly  tumid; 
third  joint  a  little  longer  than  broad,  with  it.«  inferior  angle  rectangular  ;  arista  swollen 
at  the  base  (which  is  black )  ;  the  pectinations  long.  The  narrow  sides  of  the  front, 
and  the  still  narrower  facial  and  genial  orbits,  silvery  gray,  with  a  slight  yellowish 
cast  ;  facial  foveae  and  cheeks  blackish,  the  latter  clothed  with  yellowish  hair.  Palpi 
black,  the  inner  surface  and  immediate  base  more  yellowish  ;  gently  spatulate  in 
shape,  nearly  as  long  as  the  proboscis,  and  extending  two-third  of  their  length  beyond 
the  oral  marijin.  Mesonotiini  sul)  shining  black  in  ground  color,  but  mostly  con- 
cealed beneath  a  brownish  dtist,  and  with  only  taint  mdications  of  stripes.  Dust  on 
the  pleura;  more  giayish.  Ahdumcn  with  similar  dust  ;  in  the  middle  with  a  more 
brownish,  sub-interrupted  stripe,  and  narrow  dark  posterior  margins  to  the  segments. 
I'emora  lilack  or  very  deep  brown  ;  first  two  pairs  of  tibife  and  tarsi  brownish  yellow 
or  luteous,  the  hind  tibia3  and  tarsi  blackish  brown  ;  hind  tibi«  on  the  posterior  sur- 
face \vitii  noticeable,  erect,  siibapical  bristles,  hind  tarsi  about  as  long  as  their  tibiae, 
the  first  three  joints  widened  from  base  to  tip  of  each,  so  as  to  form  a  distinct  serra- 
tion on  their  inner  acute  angles,  each  of  which  terminates  in  a  long  hair.  Wings 
with  a  light  blackish  tinge  (due  to  microscopic  pubescence),  the  immediate  base  yel- 
lowish ;  first  posterior  cell  rather  symmetrically  narrowed  to  terminate  broadly  at 
the  extreme  tip  of  the  wing. 

9.  Front  straight  on  the  sides,  its  width  about  equal  to  one-half  the  distance 
from  the  foremost  ocellus  to  the  base  of  the  antenna;  ;  the  median  deep  brown  stripes 
about  as  wide  as  the  lateral  pruinose  portion.  Palpi  yellow,  with  the  margins  and 
tij)  blackibh.     Legs  more  yellowish  ;  hind  tarsi  regular  ;  pulvilli  and  claws  small. 


The  first  specimens  of  lliis  remarkable  llv  were  sent  to  me  nearly 
two  years  ago  by  Prof.  Cope,  through  Prof.  Comstock,  and  very  shortly 
afterwards  by  Prof  Riley.  More  recently  I  received  them  from  Profes- 
sors Lintner  and  Smidi.  I  cannot  resist  the  belief  that  the  species  is  an 
introduced  one,  and  suspect  that  it  may  be  identical  with  H.  serrata  R. 
Desv. .  occuring  in  France.  Aside,  however,  from  the  discrepancies 
that  his  description  shows  in  the  color  of  the  lej^s,  an  identification  of 
this  author's  species  is  usually,  at  the  best,  only  a  guess.  Macquart's 
very  brief  description  is  better,  but  the  palpi  are  distinctly  enlarged,  and 
he  says  they  are  not.  Nothing  but  a  comparison  of  the  specimens  will 
settle  the  question.    The  name  cornicola  was  proposed  by  Prof  Cope. 

I  separate  HtPniatobia  from  Stomoxys  because  I  believe  the  length 
of  the  palpi  is  a  sufficient  character. 


-♦-»-♦- 


It  is  never  quite  safe  to  say  a  thing  cannot  be  done,  but  it  strikes 
the  close  observer  as  rather  a  wild  scheme  to  undertake  a  study  of  the 
relations  of  the  rnosquitos  and  Dragon  flies,  with  a  view  of  breeding  the 
latter  to  destroy  the  former.  Mr.  Laniborn's  proposition,  made  by  a 
circular  bearing  date  July  15th,  1889,  offers  $200  in  three  prizes  of 
$150,  $30  and  $20,  for  "the  three  best  essays  on  the  destruction  ofmos- 
quitcis  and  flies  by  other  insects." 

The  essays  must  be  in  by  December  ist,  1889.  Now  here  already 
is  an  element  of  impossibility.  All  who  have  ever  studied  any  life 
histories  know  that  one  full  season  of  Insect  life  must  elapse  before  we 
can  speak  of  a  complete  history,  because  number  of  broods  constitutes 
a  very  important  element  in  the  question  mooted  by  Mr.  Lamborn.  By 
the  middle  of  July  half  the  season  is  over  and  between  July  i5ih  and 
December  ist  it  is  an  utter  impossibility  to  make  studies  resulting  in 
any  reliable  or  practicable  suggestions.  Yet  the  "suggestions"  made  in 
the  circular  require  study  and  investigation  of  the  most  careful  kind 
which  ought  Xo  take  at  least  one  full  year  to  produce  any  results  at  all. 
We  doubt  if  any  entomologist  of  standing  will  even  contemplate  trying 
for  the  prize.  Then,  with  all  due  respect  to  Dr.  Henry  McCook,  and 
Dr.  J.  S.  Newberry,  they  are  very  far  from  the  best  men  to  choose  as 
judges.  It  requires  entomologists  of  experience  in  an  economic  line  to 
judge  of  the  value  of  observations  and  the  practicability  of  methods  ad- 
vocated. Dr.  C.  V.  Riley,  Prof.  S.  A.  Forbes,  J.  A.  Limner,  J.  H. 
Comstock  or  a  number  of  others  would  have  commanded  much  greater 
confidence,  not  because  they  rank  higher  as  scientists,  but  because  i^f 
their  special  knowledge  of  raising  insects,  in  studying  life  habits,  and 
methods  of  destruction  of  obnoxious  species.  We  shall  look  forward 
with  great  interest  to  the  result  of  the  studies  made  to  secure  the  prizes. 


— 182  — 

NOTES    ON    THE    PiEDERINI. 

By  Thos.   L.   Casey. 


As  preliminary  to  a  revision  of  our  Pcederini,'^  it  is  desired  at  the 
present  time  to  publish  a  few  notes  and  descriptions  in  the  form  of  a 
prodromus. 

HOMCEOTARSUS    Hochh. 

At  the  time  of  publication  of  the  description  o^  Hesperobhim  (Bull. 
Cal.  Acad.  Sci.,  11,  p.  '^'^f^,  the  genus  Homceotarsus  was  unknown  to  me 
in  nature,  but  within  the  past  year  I  have  received  from  Herr  Reitter  of 
Vienna  a  perfect  male  specimen  of  H.  Chaudoiri,  the  type  of  the  genus, 
and  find  that  our  species  should  be  generically  associated  with  it,  at 
least  for  the  present.  It  is  true  that  there  are  certain  differences  of 
minor  value,  as  for  instance  in  the  antennas,  which  in  the  Armenian 
species  have  the  joints  strangulated  at  base,  and  the  eleventh  joint  fusi- 
form and  gradually  pointed  at  apex.  The  sexual  characters  are  also 
different,  presenting  a  form  of  emargination.  of  the  fifth  and  sixth  seg- 
ments, which  is  quite  foreign  to  our  species.  These  differences  are, 
however,  of  a  secondary  or  perhaps  subgeneric  value,  and  when  the 
genus  is  thoroughly  investigated  the  species  assigned  more  particularly 
to  Hesperobium,  will  form  one  only  of  a  number  of  subgenera  ;  until 
that  time  the  name  can  very  well  be  suppressed. 

In  the  remarkable  collection  recently  made  by  Mr.  H.  H.  Smith  in 
Brazil,  there  are  several  very  peculiar  species  ;  one,  for  example,  in 
which  the  large  lobe  of  the  third  segment  in  the  male  is  deeply  bilobed, 
giving  the  appearance  of  two  well  developed  lobes,  and  another  large 
slender  species,  having  unusually  long  and  slender  legs,  in  which  the 
posterior  trochanters  of  the  male  are  prolonged  in  a  slender  spine  which 
extends  to  the  apex  of  the  femur,  reminding  us  somewhat  of  the  same 
part  in  the  Carabide  genus  Platidiiis  of  Chaudoir. 

The  following  table  indicates  the  differential  characters  of  the 
eastern  species  allied  to  pallipes  Grav. 

Elytra  subequal  in  length  to  the  prothorax. 

Posterior  margin  of  the  fifth  ventral  segment  ^f   toothed  in   the  middle  ;  emarg- 
ination of  the  sixth  segment  deeper  than  wide pallipes 


*  In  order  that  this  work  may  be  as  complete  and  useful  as  possible,  it  is  earnestly 
hoped  that  those  who  have  material  to  spare,  may  consent  to  its  utilization  in  the  pro- 
posed revision.  In  connection  with  this  request  it  should  be  suggested,  and  I  think 
most  collectors  will  readily  agree,  that  it  would  be  far  better  for  the  ultimate  welfare 
of  Science  if  unique  types  could  be  retained  in  the  cabinet  of  the  reviser.  The  con- 
tributors would,  however,  in  every  case  receive  in  return  a  larger  set  of  carefully  de- 
termined species  than  can  probably  be  included  in  their  individual  series. 


-i83- 

Posterior  margin  of  the  fifth  segment  simple. 

Emargination  of  the  sixth  segment  (^  as  wide  as  deep   capito 

Emargination  twice  as  wide  as  deep flavicornis 

Elytra  much  longer  than  the  prothorax    ...      cinctus 

In  his  original  description  oi pallipes,  Gravenhorst  does  not  allude 
in  any  way  to  the  sexual  characters  of  the  male,  and  his  description  is 
perfectly  applicable  to  either  pallipes  or  capito ;  the  table  will  therefore 
serve  to  establish  these  species  in  their  mutual  relationship.  Cinches  was, 
two  years  after  Say's  publication,  described  by  Nordmann  (Symb.  ad 
Mon.  Staph.,  p.  150),  as  Cryptobium  latericola.  This  was  erroneously 
printed  C.  latebricola  by  Erichson.  and  so  copied  by  all  the  more  recent 
authors,  perhaps  under  the  very  plausible  assumption  that  latebricola  is 
what  Nordmann  intended  to  write.  Flavicornis  Lee,  is  a  smaller  species 
with  decidedly  narrower  head  ;  it  is  rare. 

The  following  new  genera  are  perhaps  worthy  of  description  on  this 
occasion  : 

MEGASTILICUS  n.  gen. 

Body  robust,  sub-depressed.  Head  rounded,  borne  on  a  very  slender  neck. 
Eyes  rather  small.  Antennae  very  short,  compact,  slightly  robust,  scarcely  perceptibly 
incrassate.  Labrum  large,  broadly  emarginate  in  the  middle  at  apex,  the  emargin- 
ation bidentate.  Maxillary  palpi  very  small,  moderately  robust ;  third  joint  cylindrical, 
about  twice  as  long  as  the  second,  truncate  at  apex  ;  fourth  joint  small,  subulate. 
Legs  long  and  slender  ;  tarsi  cylindrical,  the  anterior  not  in  the  least  dilated  in  the 
male  ;  posterior  nearly  as  long  as  the  tibiae,  with  the  first  four  joints  decreasing 
gradually  in  length,  the  first  shorter  than  the  next  two  combined  and  slightly  longer 
than  the  filth. 

This  is  a  myrmecophilous  genus,  peculiar  in  the  structure  of  the 
maxillary  palpi,  in  this  respect  having  no  near  allies  which  I  have  seen. 
The  body  is  remarkably  robust. 

M.  formicarius  n.  sp. 

Rnfo-ferruginous  ;  head  and  abdomen  piceous  ;  entire  upper  surface  densely 
granulato-reticulate,  rather  dull  and  covered  somewhat  densely  with  short  erect  and 
very  robust  spinules  ;  abdomen  smoother  and  not  granulate.  Head  as  wide  as  long, 
very  slightly  wider  and  longer  than  the  prothorax,  the  latter  hexagonal,  widest  much 
before  the  middle,  feebly  narrowed  toward  base,  the  latter  transversely  truncate. 
Elytra  slightly  wider  than  long,  longer  than  the  prothorax  and,  toward  apex,  nearly 
twice  as  wide.  Abdomen  short  and  broad,  in  the  middle  slightly  wider  than  the 
elytra  ;  sides  arcuate.     Length,  5  mm. 

New  Jersey ;  Massachusetts. 

The  male  has  the  apex  of  the  sixth  ventral  segment  deeply  sinuate. 

I  am  indebted  for  my  first  specimen  of  this  very  singular  insect  to 
my  friend  Mr.  W.  Jiilich,  of  New  York  ;  subsequently  I  received  several 
others  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  F.  Blanchard,  of  Lowell,  Mass.  ; 
whose  IMS.  name  I  have  adopted  for  the  genus. 


_l84— 

PLATYMEDON  n.  gen. 
Body  robust,  depressed,  with  the  sides  parallel.  Labi  iim  rather  short,  quadri- 
deiitate  ;  teeth  short.  AntenniE  moderate  in  length,  slender,  not  incrassate,  the  first 
joint  more  robust.  Eyes  moderate.  Maxillary  palpi  rather  well  developed  ;  third 
joint  very  strongly  compressed,  longer  than  the  second  and  increasing  in  width  from 
base  to  apex  ;  fourth  minute,  subulate,  very  strongly  compressed.  Neck  broad. 
Anterior  coxal  cavities  open  behind,  the  pronotal  hypomeia  widely  inflexed  behind 
and  acute,  becoming  rapidly  narrower  anteriorly.  Legs  slender,  moderate  in  length; 
tarsi  slender,  the  posterior  elongate,  three-fourth  as  long  as  the  tibise,  the  first  four 
joints  decreasing  rapidly  in  length,  the  first  shorter  than  the  next  two  together  and 
much  longer  than  the  fifth. 

This  is  also  a  mjrmecophilous  genus,  tiie  distinguishing  character 
of  which  is  the  very  strong  compression  of  the  third  and  fourth  joints  of 
the  ma.xillary  palpi.      It  is  related  to  Medon. 

P.  laticollis  n.  sp. 

Rufo-ferruginous  throughout  ;  integuments  shining,  not  reticulate,  the  abdomen 
subalutaceous  and  much  more  densely  pubescent  ;  anterior  portions  very  finely  and 
not  very  densely  pubescent.  Head  wider  than  long  ;  sides  neaily  parallel  ;  base 
broadly,  very  feebly  arcuate  ;  antenna;  much  shorter  than  the  head  and  prothorax 
together.  Prothorax  as  long  as  the  head  and  ^h'ghtly  wider,  one-half  wider  than 
long  ;  sides  nearly  parallel  ;  basal  angles  broadly  rounded.  Elytra  distinctly  wider 
than  long,  longer  than  the  prothorax  but  scarcely  perceptibly  wider.  Abdomen  as 
wide  as  the  elytra,  the  fifth  segment  as  long  as  the  two  preceding  together.  Length, 
4.2  mm. 

Nebraska. 

The  single  specimen  before  me  I  owe  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Y..  A. 
Schwarz  ;   it  is  probably  a  female. 


At  the  meeting  of  the  Feltman  Collecting  Social,  July  9th,  Mr. 
Laurent  gave  a  description  of  a  very  ingenious  box  for  preservmg  food 
plants  fresh  for  some  time.  The  si>ce  of  the  box  determined  on,  a  rough 
wooden  box,  is  partly  filled  with  fluid' plaster  of  paris,  and  another  box 
of  the  inside  dimensions  desired  is  pressed  into  the  pasty  mass,  the  space 
between  the  two  boxes  being  then  completely  filled  and  the  edges  matle 
smooth  and  even.  When  the  plaster  has  set,  the  inside  box  is  broken 
out  and  the  plaster  box  turned  out  of  the  outside  casing.  For  the  cover 
a  shallow  mold  is  prepared  with  a  smooth  bottom  and  a  flat  cover  is 
cast  which,  if  the  job  is  neatly  done,  will  fit  tightly  upon  the  plaster 
box.  The  plaster  will  absorb  a  great  deal  of  vvaier  and  give  it  oft'  very 
slowly,  keeping  the  plants  in  the  box  fresh  a  long  time.  U'hcn  thy  the 
box  is  put  under  a  tap  and  again  charged.  Mr.  Laurent  says  he  has 
kept  Sassafras  fresh  for  13  days  in  such  a  box.  For  a  man  able  to  get 
out  only  once  a  week,  such  boxes  would  prove   of  immense  advantage. 


Ameri 


VOL.  Y.-BROOKLYN,  OCT.  &  NOV.,  1889. -NOS.  10  &  11, 


A    GENERIC    SYNOPSIS    OF    THE    APHIDID^. 

By  Wm.    H.   Ashmead. 


Family  VIII.      APHIDID^. 

All  soft  bodied  insects.  Head  small,  longer  than  wide,  and  seldom 
as  wide  as  the  thorax  ;  the  frons  most  frequently  triangular,  flattened, 
slightly  concave  or  slightly  convex,  never  much  produced.  Eyes  prom- 
inent, hemispherical,  facetted,  with  a  slight  tubercle  posteriorly,  and 
situated  on  the  sides  of  the  head,  entirely  absent  onh-  in  a  few  subter- 
ranean species.  Ocelli  3,  small,  sometimes  indistinct  or  wanting,  2 
situated  close  to  the  eye  and  one  on  the  vertex.  Beak  3-jointed,  arising 
at  the  hinder  inferior  part  of  the  head,  enclosing  3  to  4  fine  setae,  when 
at  rest  usually  pressed  close  to  the  sternum  in  a  more  or  less  distinct 
groove  between  the  coxoe.  Antenna  filiform,  3-  to  7  jointed,  of  variable 
length,  sometimes  longer  than  the  bod^•.  Thorax  usuallv  well  developeil 
and  lobed.  Scutellum  not  laige  transverse  or  niangular.  Wings  when 
))resent  four,  niemhranou-;,  not  strongly  veined — a  costal,  subcostal,  dis- 
coidal  and  stigmal  veins.  Tegulae  present  but  verv  small.  Coxae  short, 
conical,  gradually  increasing  in  size  posteiioih-,  not  contiguous.  Femora 
seldom  very  thick.  Tibiai  usually  long,  slender,  cylindrical,  l^arsi 
short,  2-joinied,  except  in  Oestlunds  new  genus  Miislofoda,  in  which 
they  are  atrophied,  and  one-jointed  in  two  or  three  subterranean  genera  ; 
the  latter,  however,  are  probablv  nothing  but  n}m[)lis.  Pul villi  usuallv 
l)resent.  Abdomen  oval,  elongate  oval  or  ovoid,  the  sixth  segment 
dorsaliy  often  with  distinct  honey-tubes  or  nectaries  ;  in  some  forms 
these  are  subobsolete  or  tuberculate,  or  visible  only  as  oval  openings,  m 
others  they  are  entirely  wanting  ;  they  secrete  a  sweet  substance  called 
"  honey-dew  "  of  which  ants  are  particularly  fond. 

At  the  tip  of  the  abdomen  is  usually  found  a  more  ox  less  distinct 
appendage,  seldom  entirely  wanting,  called  the  cauda  or  style. 

Entomologica  Americana.    Vol.  V.  1  October  &  November,  188!). 


— 186— 

To  both  the  student  and  philosopher  there  is  no  more  interesting 
family  to  stud}'  than  the  Aphididce,  and  connected  with  their  life  histories 
are  many  scientific  problems,  that  yet  remain  unsolved. 

The  females  of  many  of  the  species  are  viviparous,  although  some 
of  these  are  now  known  to  be  merely  the  dimorphic  or  seasonable  variety 
of  an  oviparous  form,  and  some  of  these /;'6»i5<;?(5/i'  change  tlieir  food-plant 
and  habitat  as  often  as  there  are  seasons  in  the  year. 

The  eggs  of  most  of  the  Aphididce  are  long  oval,  but  in  some  of  the 
lower  forms  they  are  more  or  less  spherical.  Many  of  the  species  live 
in  galls,  others  Cdver  themselves  with  a  wooly  or  flocculent  secretion, 
while  a  few  seciete  a  waxy  covering  for  themselves  analogous  to  that 
produced  by  the  Coccids. 

The  family  may  be  divided  into  seven  subfamilies,  recognized  by 
the  aid  of  the  following  table  : 

TABLE  OF  THE  SUBFAMILIES. 

A-  Honey  tubes  always  diVtincI,  often  f[uite  long. 

Front  wings  with  a  double  foiketl  cubitus  ;   hind  wings  with  two  oblique  veins  ; 

antennas  y-jointed    SUBFAMILY  I.     APHIDINiE 

B — Honey  tubes  very  short,  tuberculifoim  or  subobsolete. 

Front  wings  with  a  double  foiked  cubitus  (except  in  Ainycia  Koch)  ;  hind  wings 
v\'itli  two  iiblique  veins. 

Antennae  y-jnnited,  the  7th  joint  cetaceous,  not  rudimentary 

SuiiFA.MiLv  II.     CALLIPTERINiE 

Antenna.'  6-jointed,    usually  with  a  spur  or  ruiliuuntaiy  7th  joint. 

Sl.bfamii.v  III.     LACHNIN^ 
C--N0  honey  tubes. 

Front  wings  with  cidiilus   once   forked  ;   hind    wings   with  one  or  two  oblique 
veins. 

Antenna;  5-  or  6-jouited Subfamily  IV.     SCHIZONEURINiE 

Front  wings  with  culjitus  not  forked  ;  h;nd  wings  with  one  or  twoobliipie  veins. 

Anteniue  5-  or  6-jouited Subfamily  V.     PEMPHIGINiE 

P"ront  wings  with  only  three  veins. 

Antenna;  5-jointed  ;  hind  wing  with  a  subcostal  nerve  and  an  oblique  vein.  . 

Subfamily  VI.     CHERMESIN.(E 
Antenna;  3-jointed  ;  hind  wing  with  a  subcostal  nerve  and  no  oblique  vein. .  . 

Subfamily  VII.     PHYLLOXERIN.<E 

Subfamily  I.     APHIDIN.*^. 
TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

1  Antennaf  not  on  Irontal  tubercles 4 

Antenna;  on  frontal  tubercles. 

Antennse  not  approximate  at  base  ;  frons  not  grooved,  flat  or  convex 2 

Antennre  approximate  at  base  ;  irons  grooved G.  i.     Siphonophora  Koch 

2  First  antennal  joint  with  a  tooth  on  the  inside    G.  2.     Phorodon  Pass. 

First  antennal  joint  without  a  tooth  on  the  inside. 


-.87- 

Prothorax  with  lateral  tulierclcs. 

Honey  tubes  lon;^,  nuicli  dilaled   in  tlie  middle.  .G.  3.     Macrosiphum  Oestl. 

Prothorax  witliout  lateral  tubercles. 

Honey  uil)e>  not  di>tinctly  clavate  oi-  ex])anded  at  apex 3 

Honey  tubes  (li>iincily  clavate (i.  4.     Rhopalosiphum  Koch 

Honey   tubes   expanded   at   apex   or    trumpet   mouthed 

G.  5.     Megoura  F.uckt. 

3  Cubital  vein  once  forked (J.  0.     Toxoptera  Knch 

Cul)ital  vein  twice  forked. 

Honey  tubes  moderately  long  ;  style  much  siic:)rter  than  luniey  tui)e< " 

(;.  7.     Myzus  Pcijs. 

Honey  tubes  short  ;  style  as  long  or  longer  than  honey  tubes 

G.  8.     Hyalopterus  Koth 

Honey  tubes  curved    and    usually  enlarged    in   the  middle  ;  style  very  small  or 

wanting    G.  9.    Drepanosiphum  Koch 

4  Seventh  antennal  joint  as  long  or  longer  than  the  sixth. 

Antennae  not  pilose. 

Honey  tubes  longer  than  thick,  cylindrical    G.  10.     Aphis  I,inn. 

Honey  tubes  clavate G.  11.     Siphocoryne  Pass. 

Subfamily  H.     CALLIPTERIN^E. 

TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

1  Seventh  antennal  joint  shorter  than  the  sixth 3 

Seventh  antennal  joint  as  long  or  longer  than  the  sixth. 

Antenn?e  not  pilose  ;  7th  joint  longer  than  6th,    honey-tube-  subobsolete  ;  Cauda 

very  small G.  i .    Cryptosiphum  Buckt. 

Antennae  pilose. 

Abdomen  bare,  not  hairy  or  tuberculate 2 

Al)domen  hairy  or  tuberculate. 

Rostrum  short G.  2.     Chaitophorus  Koch 

Rostrum  long. 

Honey  tubes  pear-shajied  ;   prothorax  with   lateral  teeth 

G.  3.     Melanoxanthus  Buckt. 
Honey  tubes  sho.t,  cylindrical  ;  prothorax  without  lateral  teeth. 

G.  4.     Pterocomma  Buikt. 

2  Rostrum  extending  at  least  to  the  hind  coxre    G.  5.     Pterocallis   Pass. 

Rostrum  very  short,  stout,  not  extending  beyond  the  anterior  C()x?e  .  ... 

G.  6.     Ptychodes  Buckt. 
AntenniTe  not  pilose G.  7.     Myzocallis   Pass. 

3  Wings  horizontal  ;  rostrum  very  short  ;  style  enlarged  at  the  apex     

G.  8.     Monellia  Oestl. 

Wings    deflexed  ;  rostrum    short,    seldom    reaching    to    middle  coxre,   style  short, 

globular   (1.  9.     Callipterus  Koch 

Si;isFAMii.v  HI.     LACHNINiE. 

TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

I   Winged  forms  unknown    4 

Winged  forms  known. 

Abdomen  woolly    3 

Abdomen  not  woolly. 


— 188— 

Sixth  antenna!  joint  filiform  or  clavate  ending  in  a  spur    2 

Sixth  antenna!  joint  set^iceoiu  without  a  tpur  at  apex. 

Tiliin;  and  tarsi  noinia!     G.  i.     Sipha  Pass. 

Tibia?  truncate  at  tips  ;  tarsi  rudnnentary,  no  ciavvs,  in  place  a  short  mam- 
niiferous  tubercle G.  2.     Mastopoda  Oestl. 

2  Abdomen  somewhat  hairy  ;  stii;mal  vein  straight  or  but  slightly  recurved. 

Rostrum  very  short  ;  honey  tubes  twice   as   long  as  thick  ;  anteniKie  hairy,    4th, 

5th  and  6th  joints  nearly  equal G.  3.     Cladobius  Koch 

Rostrum  not  reaching  beyond  nnddle  of  abdomen. 

Hind  legs  lengthened    G.  4.     Lachnus  Illiger 

Hind  legs  abnormally  lengthened    ti.  5.     Dryobius  Koch 

Rostrum  leaching  beyond  apex  of  abdomen G.  6.     Stomaphis  Walk. 

Abdomen  not  hairy  ;   honey  tul)es  inconspicuous  ;  third   discoidal  vein  simple,   not 
forked G.  7.     Amycla  Koch 

3  Rostrum  very  shcri. 

Third  anteiHial  joint  about  twice  the  length  of  fourth    .  G.  8.     Phyllaphis  Ko(  h 

Third  antennal  joint  as  long  as  the  two  following  ;  cubitus  not  forked 

G.  9.     Prociphilus  Koch 

4  Antennte  not  pilose  ;  body  long  and  narrow  ;  legs  very  short 

G.  10.    Brachycolus  Buckt. 
Antennee  pilose. 

Eyes  moderate  ;  tliird  antennal  jouit   not  longer   than  the  Rnirth  ;  hind  tarsi  2- 

jointed G.  11.    Paracletus  Heydn 

Eyes  subobsolete  ;   third  antennal  joint  longer   than    the  fourth  ;  hind   tarsi  one- 
j'inttd     (;.   12.     Trama  Heyd. 

SuniAMii.v  IV.     SCHIZONEURINiE. 
TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

1  Antenna'  5 -jointed 2 

Antenna-  6- jointed. 

Hind  wings  v\ith  two  oblifpie  veins. 

Stigma  abnormally  lengthened  ...    .    G.  I.     Mindarus  Koch* 

Stigma  normal G.  2.     Schizoneura  Hartig 

Hind  wings  with  i  obliipie  vein G.  3.     Glyphina  Koc!i 

(=  Colopha  Monell) 

2  Hind  wings  with  i  oblique  vein G.  4.     Vacuna  Heyd. 

(?  =  HorriMphis  O.  S. ) 

SUBFA.MILY    V.       PEMPHIGIN^. 

TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

I   Wingless  forms  ;  the  tarsi  with  but  a  single  claw 3 

Winged. 

Hind  wings  with  one  oblique  vein    2 

Hind  wings  with  two  oblique  veins. 

Stigma  of  front  wings  normal  ;  antenn;i;  short ...  .G.   I.     Pemphigus  Plartig 

(=  Thecabiiis  Koch) 

Stigma  of  front  wings  abnormal,  extending  to  the  apex  ;  antennte  long 

G.  2.    Stagona  Koch 

*  This  geinis  may  belong  to  the  Lachniiitc  and  seems  to  form  the  coimecting  link 
between  the  Lachnina-  and  Schizoneurimi. 


—189— 

2  Wins,rs  deflexed  in  repose O-  3-  Tetraneura  Harlig 

WiiiL^s  horizontal  in  repose Ci.  4.     Aploneura  Pass. 

3  Antenna;  6-jointed. 

Third  antennal  joint  longer  than  fourth G.  5.     Forda  Ileyd. 

Third  antennal  joint  equal  with  the  fourth G.  6.     Rhizobius  Burm. 

Fourth  joint  as  long  as  the  first  three G.  7.     Eudeis  Koch 

Antenna;  5. jointed G.  8.     Tychea  Koch 

Subfamily  VI.     CHERMESINiE. 
TABLE  OF  GENERA. 

Front  wings  with  3  obliciue  veins. 

Head  with   frontal  horns  ;  third   joint   the  longest  ;  apterous    9    surrounded  with 

disks  of  wax G.  I.     Cerataphis  Licht. 

Head  without  frontal  horns. 

Stigma  normal G.  2.     Chermes  Kinn. 

Stigma  abnormal G.  3.     Adelges  Vallot 

First  oblique  vein  with  a  branch  issuing  from  near  its  base  and  which  is  once  forked, 
the  upper  branch  of  which  extends  almost  parallel  with  the  stigma  before  bend- 
ing obliquely  towards  the  apical  margin G.  4.     Anisophleba  Koch 

Subfamily  VH.     PHYLLOXERIN^. 
AnteiuK^  3-jointed G.   i.     Phylloxera  Fousc. 


Description  of  the  Larva  of  Sphinx  luscitiosa,    Clemens. 
By  Harrison  G.    Dyar. 


Head,  shagreened,  of  a  grass  green  color  with  two  paler  green 
stripes  edged  posteriorly  with  a  darker  shade.  Tips  of  jaws  and  eyes 
black.  Body,  pale  green,  slightly  darker  on  the  posterior  segments. 
On  joints  3  and  4  are  sparsely  distributed  white  dots,  each  surrotinded 
by  a  fine  black  ring.  These  spots  are  also  found  on  the  venter  and  sub- 
ventral  space  for  the  entire  length,  but  diminish  in  number  on  the  post- 
erior segments.  Seven  oblique  lateral  lines  on  joints  7  to  12,  the  last 
one  extending  from  the  base  of  joint  1 1  over  joint  12  to  the  caudal  horn. 
These  stripes  are  white,  shaded  anteriorly  with  dull  crimson  in  which  is 
situated  near  the  edge  a  very  fine  black  line.  Caudal  horn  green,  with 
a  black  stripe  on  each  side,  this  being  the  continuation  of  the  posterior 
oblique  lateral  line.  Thoracic  feet  pale  yellowish,  tipped  with  pinkish. 
Spiracles,  reddish.     The  length  of  the  mature  larva  is  about  60  mm. 

The  food  plant  is  said  to  be  Willow,  which  I  believe  to  be  correct. 
The  larva  from  which  the  present  description  was  drawn  was  found, 
fully  grown,  in  a  little  stream  over  which  bushes  of  Willow  extended.  It 
was  nearly  drowned  and  had  barely  strength  enough  to  revive. 

Sphinx  luscitiosa  is  single  brooded. 

Pupation  occurring  in  July. 

Larva  from  Ulster  County,  N.  Y. 


— 190 — 

Descriptions  of  New  Species  of  Mexican   Heterocera. 

By  \^^M.   ScHxVUs,   Jr. 


Subfamily  CTENUCHIN.E. 
Idalus  herois  n.  sp. 

Primaries  deep  yellow,  crossed  from  about  the  middle  of  the  costal  mar;^'in  to 
near  the  internal  angle  by  a  black  band  which  is  widest  at  either  extremity,  and  on 
the  outer  costal  portion  the  black  extends  along  the  margin  to  the  apex  ;  this  trans- 
verse band  is  divided  into  a  series  of  spots  by  the  veins  whicli  are  gray-white  where- 
ever  they  cross  the  band  ;  it  is  also  broadly  bordered  on  its  entn-e  inner  portion,  and 
at  either  extremity  of  its  outer  portion  with  white.  At  the  base  of  the  primaries  is  a 
similarly  marked  transverse  band,  and  also  a  few  pink  scales  at  the  base  of  the  inner 
margin.  Fringes  white.  Secondaries  white,  having  in  the  male  the  outer  two-thirds 
of  the  wings  powdered  with  pink  scales,  but  in  the  female  only  the  inner  margin  is  so 
marked.  Underneath  whitish  wiih  the  outer  two-thirds  of  the  costal  margin  on  the 
primaries  and  two  small  spots  at  the  end  of  the  cell  dull  lilack.  Head  and  thorax 
white,  spotted  with  roseate-brown.  Abdomen  above  carmine  with  a  dorsal  row  of 
white  spots  in  the  female  ;  the  anus  and  undei  side  of  the  abdomen  white. 
Expanse,  35—45  mm. 
2  d^cT,  299.      Coatepec. 

Family  ARCTIID^E. 
Arachnis  perotensis  n.  sp. 

Male.  —  Primarie-^  above  white,  crossed  from  the  costal  to  the  inner  margin  by 
numerous  irregular  brown-gray  bands  edged  with  black.  Secondaries  white,  trans- 
parent, with  a  few  large  gray  spots  on  the  costal  margin,  and  a  few  very  small  ones 
on  the  outer  margin  ;  the  inner  margin  thickly  clothed  with  long  red  scales.  Under- 
side the  same  as  upper,  slightly  reddish  along  the  costal  margins.  Body  rather 
woolly.  Head  gray,  frons  white.  Collar  white  with  two  large  gray  spots  circled 
with  black.  Thorax  gray  streaked' with  black  and  white.  Abdomen  dull  red  above 
with  a  biDvvn  dorsal  band,  and  a  lateral  row  of  small  brown  spots;  underneath 
white.     Legs  mottled  with  gray.     Expanse  38  mm. 

Female. —Primaries  similar  to  the  male.  Secondaries  dull  red  with  three  broken 
and  irregular  tran-verse  bands  of  a  dull  gray  margined  with  a  darker  shade  of  gray. 
Extreme  outer  margin  also  dull  gray,  and  the  fringes  white  or  dull  gray.  The  under- 
side the  same  as  the  njipei".  Head  and  thorax  the  same  as  in  the  male.  Abdomen 
not  so  woolly  as  in  the  other  sex  ;  above  reddish,  except  the  last  three  segments 
which  are  yellowish,  and  with  a  dorsal  and  a  lateral  row  of  dull  gray  spots  ;  under- 
neath white.     Expanse,  45  mm. 

I  (5^,    3  9  9-      Cofre  de   Perote.      Elevation,     10,000  feet.      From 
pupiie  found  under  the  bark  of  a  species  of  Pine. 

The  female  bears  a  strong  resemblance  to  Arachnis  aulea  Bd. 
Arachnis  suffusa  n.  sp. 

Male. — Primaries  white,  crossed  from  the  costal  to  the  inner  margin  by  very  ir- 
regular and  broken  bands  of  dark  gray  narrowly  edged  with  black.  Secondaries 
creamy  white  with  a  few  black  spots  along  the  costal  margin  and  two  very  small 
spots  at  the  anal  angle.     Underside  the  same  as  the  upper,    with    the  costal  margins 


—  191  — 

and  the  bases  of  the  wings  slightly  ydiowish.  Head  white.  Collar  and  thorax  white 
with  large  gray  spots  margined  with  black.  Abdomen  above  bright  yellow  with  a 
dorsal  row  of  large  black  spots,  and  two  lateral  rows  of  small  black  spots.  Under- 
neath white.     Legs  circled  with  gray  and  yellow.     Expanse,  42  mm. 

Female.  -Differs  in  having  the  transverse  bands  on  the  primaries  paler  and 
broadei-.  The  secondaries  are  crossed  by  a  basal  and  two  central  rows  of  light  gray 
spots  margined  with  a  darker  shade  of  gray,  and  on  the  extreme  margin  below  the 
apex  is  a  row  of  five  similarly  colored  spots.  The  abdomen  has  the  dorsal  and  the 
lateral  spots  gray,  margined  with  black.     Expanse,  52  mm. 

I  (j^,  2   9  9-      ^^-  I'^irva.      Rinconada,  State  of  Vera  Cruz. 
Carales  divina  n.  sp. 

P]  imaries  whitish,  thickly  powdered  with  drab  scales  ;  along  the  costa  three 
brown  blotches  extending  to  the  median  vein  ;  beyond  the  cell  a  wavy  brown  band 
crosses  the  wing  from  the  costal  margin  to  the  inner  margm  ;  a  subterminal  wavy 
brown  line,  and  a  terminal  series  of  semi-lunular  brown  streaks  ;  fringe  brown.  On 
the  costal  margin  two  short  fine  dashes  of  pink  and  a  small  pink  spot  at  the  base  of 
the  wings.  Secondaries  slightly  tiaiisparent,  gray,  with  the  outer  half  of  the  wing 
rather  darker  and  an  indistinct  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell.  Underneath  the  wings 
are  thinly  covered  with  scaler,  uniform  grayish,  indistinctly  showing  the  markings  of 
the  upper  side  ;  at  the  four  apices  are  a  few  whitish  spots,  and  at  the  centre  of  the 
costal  margins  of  the  primaries  a  dash  of  pink.  Head,  collar,  and  thorax  gray,  with 
trtc)  round  black  spots  on  the  collar.  Abdomen  above  pink  with  a  dorsal  and  lateral 
row  of  black  spots  ;  underneath  whitish.  Thorax  underneath  pink.  Legs  gray; 
fore  femora  pink.     Anteiuire  t^ray,  [)ink  at  the  base.     Expanse,  55  mm. 

f  cJ*,   I   9'  fc>und  in  copulation  on  a  Pine  at  an  elevation  of  10,000 
feet  on  the  Cofre  de  Perote. 

Opharus  tristis  n.  sp. 

Primaries  above  unilorm  dull  l)lack,  slightly  transparent.  Secondaries  similar 
but  whuibh  near  the  base.  Underneath  the  same  as  above,  with  the  white  at  the  base 
of  the  secondaries  more  conspicuous.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  dull  black  ;  on  the 
latter  dorsally  are  two  rows  of  white  spots,  each  placed  on  the  extreme  outer  portion, 
and  just  below  laterally  on  either  side  are  two  rows  of  smaller  white  spots.  Femora 
streaked  with  white.      Expanse,  50  mm. 

1  ^.     Jalapa. 

Family  LITHOSIID^E. 

Crambomorpha  tolteca  n.  sp. 

Primaries  above  silvery  gray-white,  with  the  inner  margin  broadly  shaded  with 
brown.  Secondaries  pale  yellowish.  Underside  yellow,  with  the  base  of  the  primaries, 
and  also  the  outer  margins  broadly  gray  ;  the  inner  and  the  costal  marghis  of  the 
secondaries  whitish.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  above  gray,  underneath  yellowish. 
Antenna;  ochreous.     Expanse,  34  mm. 

2  (^(^,  2  9  9-      L^^  Vigas  and  Coatepec. 
Leptidule  aeetes  n.  sp. 

Primaries  ochreous,  darkest  on  the  margins  and  with  a  darker  band  crossing  the 
wing  from  the  costal  margin  near  the  apex  to  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin. 
Secondaries  ochreous,  slightly  hyaline,  darkest  around  the  outer  margins.  Head, 
thorax  and  abdomen  ochreous.     Antennae  black.     Expanse,  21  mm. 

I  (^.     Paso  de  San  Juan. 


— 192 — 

Euphanessa  pauper  n.  sp. 

Wings  oclireous  liyaline.  On  the  primaries  at  the  base  of  the  costal  margin  is  a 
iolack  point ;  about  the  center  of  the  cell  is  a  smoky  spot,  and  Ijeiovv  it  a  second 
similar  spot.  Just  beyond  the  cell  the  wing  is  crossed  by  a  smoky  band,  having  at  its 
upper  extremity  two  short  diverging  branches,  one  extending  towards  tlie  apex,  and 
the  other  towards  the  center  of  tlie  outer  margin,  in  one  instance  touching  it.  An- 
tenna?, liead,  thorax  and  abdomen  ochreous.     Expanse,  24  mm. 

2  (^(iJ^.      Las  Vigas. 

Family  MELAMERIDiE. 
Ephialtias  coatepeca  n.  sp. 

Primaries  and  secondaries  velvety  black  ;  the  primaries  cios-ed  from  the  middle 
of  the  costal  margin  to  the  anal  angle  by  a  rich  yellow  band  ;  the  secondaries  with  a 
broadish  centra!  yellow  band.  Antenna:,  head,  thorax  and  abdomen  dull  black.  Ab- 
domen beneath  white.     Expanse,  28 — 31  mm. 

2  (5^(5^,  5  9  9-  Coatepec,  Paso  de  San  Juan.  Closely  allied  to 
Ephialtias  ariaca  Druce. 

Melanchroia  monticola  n.  sp. 

Wmgs  blue  black  w  ith  the  apices  of  the  primaries  very  narrowly  white.  Under- 
neath the  base  of  each  costal  margin  bright  red.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  dull 
black.     Collar  reddish.      Expanse,  30  mm. 

2  9  9-  Las  Vigas.  Elevation,  9,000  feet.  Allied  to  Melanchroia 
spuria  H}'.  Edw. 

Family  DIOPTID^E. 
Polypcetes  cethegus  n.  sp. 

Primaries  above  olive  brown,  paler  at  the  base  and  along  the  outer  margin  ;  all 
the  veins  yellowish -blown  ;  a  white  spot  at  the  end  of  the  ceil.  Secondaries  white 
with  a  very  broad  abdominal  and  outer  margin,  and  a  narrow  costal  margin  black. 
Underneath  primaries  dull  black  with  a  white  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell  ;  the  second- 
aries the  same  as  on  the  upper  side.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  dull  black  above, 
whitish  underneath.     Tegulie  ochreous.     Expanse,  27  mm. 

2  (j^(^,  2  9  9-  Coatepec.  This  species  is  most  nearly  allied  to 
Polypcetes  etearchus  Druce,  but  differs  from  that  species  in  the  ground 
color  of  the  primaries,  and  also  in  having  the  black  margin  to  the 
secondaries  much  broader. 

Family  CERATOCAMPID^. 
Eacles  ormondei  n.  sp. 

Piimaries  above  orange  red,  except  a  small  space  in  the  cell,  a  triangular  space 
at  the  ajjex  and  a  small  space  at  the  anal  angle,  all  of  which  are  yellow.  The  wings 
are  speckled  as  in  other  species  oi  Eacles  with  ]3urpli>h  brown.  A  stiaight  purplish 
line  crosses  the  wmg  from  the  apex  to  the  imier  margin  at  two-thirds  from  the  base  ; 
this  line  is  bordered  outvi'ardly  on  its  anterior  halt  with  lilac.  The  wings  are  also 
crossed  near  their  base  by  a  narrow  dark  wavy  band.  About  the  center  of  the  outer 
margni  the  ground  color  assumes  a  darker  shade,  and  at  the  end  of  each  vein  is  a 
small  dark  spot.  The  two  discal  spots  dark  gray  with  a  tew  whitish  scales  in  their 
center  Secondaries  yellow,  speckled  with  biown.  a  purplish  wavy  transverse  band 
crossing  from  the  costal  to  the  inner  margins.  An  elongated  orange  red  space  borders 
this  band  on  its  outer  portion.  The  basal  portion  ot  the  inner  margin  and  a  wavy 
band  at  the  base  of  the  secondaries  also  orange  red.  The  discal  spot  dark  gray  with 
a  white  center.  A  few  dark  spots  at  the  tips  of  the  veins  along  the  outer  margin. 
Underneath  yellow  mottled  with  lilac  and  pinkish  scales  and  speckled  with  l)rown  ; 
a  lunular  band  crosses  the  wings  from  the  apex  of  the  primar  ies  to  the  center  ot  the 
inner  margin  on  the  secondaries.  Head  and  collar  yellow,  thorax  orange  red  ;  ab- 
bomen  dorsally  orange  red,  laterally  yellow  with  a  row  of  dark  gray  spots,  and 
underneath  purplish.     Expanse,  128  mm. 

I  9-     Coatepec. 


—  193— 

Descriptions  of  New  Scydmsenidae  and  Pselaphidae. 

By  E.    Bkendel. 


SCYDMiENID^. 

Brachycepsis  n.  g.  Head  twice  as  wide  as  long,  eyes  large,  prominent,  palpi 
with  the  second  joint  obconical,  the  last  a  shorter  conical  subula,  posterior  coxk  ap- 
proximate. 

B.  fuchsii  n.  sp.  Bright  brown,  sparsely  and  coarsely  pubescent.  Length, 
0.8  mm. 

Head  transverse,  vertex  half  as  long  as  the  entire  width  of  the  head,  base  and 
frontal  margin  equally  wide,  parallel,  gense  and  lateral  margin  anterior  to  the  eye 
equal  in  length  and  scarcely  shorter  than  the  eye,  occiput  convex,  vertex  from  a  line 
through  the  middle  of  the  eyes  to  the  frontal  margin  gradually  depressed  on  either 
side  leaving  a  slight  longitudinal  elevation  in  the  middle  and  deepest  near  the  supra- 
antennal  tubercles  in  the  form  of  a  punctitorm  foveola  ;  antennal  cavities  very  large, 
separated  by  a  dypeal  ^eptum,  clypeus  and  l;ibruni  very  short,  transver^e.  Anten.iiv 
half  as  long  as  the  beetle,  joints  I — 4  oblong,  uniform,  decreasing  in  sze,  5^7  oval, 
decreasing  in  length,  8  — 10  transverse  oval,  gradually  increa-ing,  nth  as  wide  as 
loth,  ovoidal.  Prothorax,  impunctate,  as  wide  as  long,  wider  than  the  htrid,  sides 
anteriorly  arcuate,  posteriorly  sinuate,  narrowest  in  a  line  tlirough  the  lateral  fovece, 
which  are  situated  in  an  ample  longitudinal  impi  es-ion  one-sixth  of  the  length  from 
the  base,  in  tlie  same  distance  in  the  middle  is  an  obsolete  transverse  impression. 
Elytra  very  convex,  not  truncate  at  their  apex,  though  the  last  segment  is  partly 
visible  ;  base  narrowly  elevated,  each  elytron  bifoveate,  the  suture  near  the  base  ele- 
vated. Abdomen  with  six  ventrals,  coxk  approximate,  thighs  sk-nder,  the  posterior 
ones  more  so. 

Santa  Cruz,  California.      Charles  Fuchs. 

Motschulsky's  Scydmwnus  cali/ornicus  may  belong  to  this,  but  it  is 
reported  as  being  '/s  of 'i  Parisian  Hne  long,  while  this  is  i  mm.  shorter. 
According  to  the  testimony  of  Dr.  D.  Sharp  an  unknown  genus.  I  take 
pleasure  in  naming  this  insect  in  honor  of  its  discoverer,  my  friend  Carl 
Fuchs. 

Scydmaenus  (?j  minimus  n.  sp.  Brown,  slender,  punctate,  pubescent.  Length, 
0.45  mm. 

Head  widest  in  a  line  through  the  eyes,  where  it  is  one-third  wider  than  the 
length  from  the  base  to  the  frontal  margin,  eyes  large,  not  very  convex  nor  promin- 
ent, equally  distant  from  the  base  and  the  frontal  tubercles,  frontal  margin  nearly  as 
wide  as  the  neck,  vertex  broadly  convex,  antennal  cavities  large,  leaving  a  narrow 
frontal  septum  betw^een  them,  clypeus  transverse  triangular.  Palpi  with  the  third 
joint  obconical,  thick,  the  last  a  thick  subula.  Antennee  as  long  as  the  head  and  halt 
of  the  prothorax  conjoined,  semigeniculate  between  the  first  and  second  joints  which 
are  nearly  equal  in  size,  the  first  oblong,  the  second  globular,  3—7  globular,  half  as 
thick  as  the  second,  gradually  increasing  in  width,  8  as  wide  as  the  second,  9  and  10 
as  long  as  the  second  and  respectively  two  and  three  times  as  wide,  truncate  at  the 
tip,  the  last  joint  as  wide  as  the  loth,  ovoid,  truncate  at  the  base.  Prothorax  as  wide 
as  long,  sides  evenly  arcuate,  base  one-half  wider  than  the  neck,  basal  angles  nearly 
rectangular,  disk  convex,  minutely  foveate  near  the  basal  angles  and  obsoletely  tians- 
Ektomologica  Americana.    Vol   V.  2  October  &  November  188i). 


—  194  — 

versely  impressed  near  the  middle  of  tlie  base.  Elytra  two  and  one-half  times  longer 
and  one-tln'rd  wider  than  the  prothorax,  shoulders  an  obsolete  longitudinal  ridge, 
base  of  each  elytron  semi-circularely  depressed.  Legs  short,  all  the  coxa?  approxi- 
mate, the  anterior  ones  contiguous,  metasternum  carinate. 

Linn  County,  Iowa.  3  specimens  sifted  out  of  decayed  wood.  I 
am  very  much  in  doubt,  whether  this  species  can  be  retained  in  the 
genus  Scydmcpnus. 

Cephennium  anophthalmicum  n.  sp.  Amber-yellow,  elongate,  convex,  im- 
punctate,  pubescence  long,  sparse,  legular.     Length,  0.9  mm. 

Head  pendant,  as  wide  as  long,  vertex  smooth  convex,  twice  as  wide  as  the 
distance  from  the  base  to  the  interantennal  line  ;  antennal  tubercles  flat  triangular, 
clypeus  quadrate  ;  eyes  wanting.  Palpus  with  the  first  joint  very  narrow,  cylindrical, 
three  times  as  long  as  wide,  the  second  not  wider,  globular,  the  third  and  fourth  to- 
gether tliick,  obconical,  rounded  at  the  tip.  Antenna  as  long  as  the  prothorax,  joint 
I  and  2  oblong,  obconical,  nearly  half  as  wide  as  long,  3  smaller,  little  longer  than 
wide,  4 — 10  globular,  4-6  equal  as  wide  as  third,  7  somewhat  larger,  8  smallest,  9 
and  10  as  thick  as  the  second,  the  last  joint  slightly  thicker,  as  long  as  9  and  10  to- 
gethei",  oblong  oval.  Prothorax  nearly  as  long  as  wide,  sides  evenly  arcuate,  near 
the  base  slightly  sinuate,  basal  angles  rectangular,  explanate,  discus  equally  convex. 
Elytra  a  little  more  than  twice  as  long  and  slightly  wider  ni  the  middle  than  the  pro- 
thorax, disc  convex,  lines  wanting,  suture  near  the  base  elevated  with  a  large,  pubes- 
cent fovea  at  the  base  in  the  middle  of  each  elytron,  scutel  triangular,  four  times  as 
wide  as  its  length,  shoulders  obsolete.  Anterior  coxae  cqntiguous,  prosternum  broad, 
flat  ;  mesosternum  carinate,  narrow,  truncate  posteriorly  ;  middle  coxre  small,  separ- 
ated by  the  mesosternal  carina  ;  metasternum  very  broad  ;  posterior  coxce  distant. 
Tarsi  half  as  long  as  the  tibiae,  the  joints  subequal,  tibi;^  strongly  clavate,  thickest  in 
the  distal  third. 

Alameda  County,  California.  Sifted  from  vegetable  debris  together 
with  a  large  number  of  Pinody/es  cryptophagoides  by  Mrs.  Marie  Fuchs. 
One  specimen. 

PSELAPHIDiE. 

Pselaptrichus  n.  g.  Anlcmial  insertions  approximate,  front  prolonged,  narrow, 
sulcale.  Maxillary  palpus  very  long,  the  second  joint  sigmoid-clavate  and  coarsely 
tuberculatc,  the  third  small  quadrate,  the  fourth  broadly  securiform,  as  long  as  the 
second  with  short  erect  pubescence. 

P.  tuberculipalpus  n.  sp.  Yellowish  brown,  pubescence  in  regular  rows,  form 
slender,  slightly  convex.     Length,  1.66  mm. 

Head  flat  above,  longer  than  wide,  widest  between  the  eyes,  which  are  small 
and  situated  at  the  angles  of  a  pentagon  forming  the  discus  of  the  vertex  posterior  to 
the  oblong  frontal  prolongation  ;  the  latter  nearly  quadrate,  arcuate  in  front,  sulcate 
in  the  middle,  the  lateral  half  with  the  surface  plane  and  inclined  toward  the  sulcus; 
just  before  the  eye-line  are  two  small  fovea?,  mutually  twice  as  distant  as  either  from 
the  eye  and  connected  by  a  straight  angular  shallow  sulcus  with  the  frontal  fissure  ; 
occiput  slightly  elevated  with  a  fine  carina  in  the  middle,  labrum  small  transverse, 
clypeus  anteriorly  trisinuite  ;  antennal  cavities  large,  from  the  middle  of  the  eyes  to 
the  middle  ol  the  posterior  hmit  of  the  antennal  cavities  a  fine  carina,  and  between 
those  cavities  a  narrow  frontal  septum.     Antenna;  as  long  as  the  head  and  prothorax 


—195— 

conjoined,  joint  I  cono-cylindiical,  half  as  long  as  the  head,  2  oval,  as  wide  as  the 
first,  3 — 7  less  than  halt  as  wide  as  wide  as  the  preceeding  joints,  globular,  8  wider, 
not  longer,  9  transversely  oval,  10  twice  as  wide  as  long,  11  oval,  twice  as  wide  as 
the  second  joint  and  one-half  lunger  with  long  pubescence.  Protliorax  as  long  as 
wide  and  one-half  wider  than  the  head,  widest  behind  the  anterior  third,  where  the 
sides  are  acutely  rounded  and  toward  the  neck  and  the  base  nearly  straight  ;  disk 
moderately  convex,  near  the  base  with  an  angulated  tratisverse  sulcus,  ending  on  the 
sides  in  an  ample  impression,  containing  a  small  fovea.  Elytra  across  the  shoulders 
as  wide  as  the  prothorax,  wide^t  behind  the  middle,  where  it  is  one-half  wider  and 
along  the  suture  one-third  longer  than  the  sbouldervvidth  ;  disk  rather  depressed  near 
the  base,  sutural  lines  slightly  impressed,  basal  fovea*  small,  the  sutural  ones  near  a 
transverse  elevation  of  the  base,  the  discal  ones  in  the  anterior  part  of  a  shallow,  ob- 
long depression,  below  the  humeral  ridge  a  fovea  connected  by  an  oblique  line  with 
the  lateral  margin.  Abdomen  as  wide  as  the  elytra,  sliglitly  convex  without  the 
basal  impressions,  segments  subequal,  border  narrow.  The  pubescence  of  the  elytra 
and  the  dorsal  segment  arranged  in  regular  rows.  Aiiterioi-  coxre  contiguous,  posterior 
ones  distant,  trochanters  short  triangular,  legs  slender,  anterior  femora  crenate  below 
tarsi  with  one  claw,  second  joint  twice  as  long  as  the  third,  metasternum  not  im- 
pressed. (^  anterior  tibiae  arcuate  with  a  deep  notch  insiile  of  the  distal  tourlh  o(  its 
length,  clypeus  with  a  medial  ridge.      9  tibite  and  clypeus  simple. 

Alameda  County,  California,  discovered  by  Mrs.  Marie  Fuchs, 
This  singular  insect  unites  soiTie  of  the  characters  of  Byihinus 
{Machcerodes)  carinaius  and  Pselaphus  longipalpus,  the  antennae  and  the 
palpi  belonging  to  the  European  Machcerites  group  of  the  Ihihini,  the 
form  of  the  head  approaching  that  of  Pselaphus.  According  to  the 
testimony  of  Dr.  David  Sharp,  there  is  no  genus  known,  with  which  it 
can  be  united, 

Euplectus  planipennis,  n.  sp.     Piceous  brown,    alxlomen  and  prothorax  paler, 
much  depressed,  densely  pubescent  with  fine  apprcssed  hair.     Length,  1.25  mm. 

Head  triangular,  anteriorly  truncate,  posterior  angles  strongly  arcuate,  eyes  very 
prominent,  as  long  as  the  genoe,  base  entire,  across  the  posterior  angles  twice  as  wide 
as  the  straight  frontal  margin  ;  frontal  tubercles  small,  space  between  them  and  be- 
hind the  frontal  margin  deeply  concave,  occipital  foveae  large  and  connected  with  the 
frontal  excacation  by  a  very  short  sulcus,  leaving  in  the  middle  of  the  vertex  a  short 
acute  triangular  elevation  posteriorly  continuous  with  the  occiput.  Antennse  one-half 
longer  than  the  head,  joint  i  and  2  nearly  equal,  rounded,  longer  than  wide,, 3  — 8  very 
transverse,  equal,  narrower  than  the  second,  9  one-third  wider,  10  twice  as  long  and 
wide  than  the  ninth,  the  last  joint  ovate,  truncate  at  the  base,  one-third  longer  than 
wide,  slightlp  wider  than  the  tenth,  pubescence  denser  at  the  tip.  Palpi  short,  yel- 
low. Prothorax  very  broadly  convex,  nearly  plane,  punctulate,  sides  evenly  rounded 
with  the  basal  angles  broadly  arcuate,  as  long  as  the  width  of  the  head,  the  prominent 
eyes  included,  and  less  than  one-fourth  wider  ;  disk  nearly  flat  in  the  middle,  an  ob- 
long fovea  before  the  middle  and  large  lateral  foveas  just  behmd  the  middle  connected 
by  a  fine,  straight  sulcus,  running  through  a  very  small  median  fovea.  Elytra  one- 
half  longer,  across  the  high  shoulders  slightly  wider,  across  the  tip  one-fourth  wider 
than  the  prothorax,  sides  behind  the  middle  nearly  parallel;  disk  flat,  depressed  with 
declivous  sides  and  tip,  very  densely  pubescent,  discal  lines  two-thirds  long,  very 
sharp  and  fine,  the  sutural  line  the  same  and  entire,  three  basal  punctures.  Abdomen 


— 196 — 

with  the  first  and  second  dorsal  hicarinate  in  the  iniddle,  carina;  inchiding  one-fourth 
of  the  segmental  widtli.  Legs  short,  yellow.  (^  wiih  the  last  ventral  nearly  circular 
and  an  inconspicuous  transverse  impression  at  the  base  of  the  penultimate  segment. 

Linn  County,  Iowa. 

Very  distinct  by  the  small  head  and  the  form  and  sculpture  of  the 
prothorax. 

Euplectus  ?  nova  species?  or  variety  of  ^////t'c///^  .-^   armatus. 

This  is  a  singular  superscriptidn  full  of  doubt. 

The  specimens  before  me  seem  to  be  a  variety  of  Euplectus  arma- 
tus I.ec.  differing  from  the  latttr  in  the  sculpture  of  the  verte.x,  which 
has  the  fovea.*  in  one  specimen  not  connected  by  a  sulcus  with  the  trans- 
verse frontal  impression,  in  the  other  there  is  a  faint  trace  visible,  most 
as  in  Euplectus  integer,  which  it  resembles  in  the  whole  form  and  con- 
vexity. Besides  that,  bt)th  specimens  posses>es  other  important  charac- 
ters of  Trimium.  Tliey  have  only  two  basal  punctures  on  the  elytron 
and  the  first  dors.il  and  seconti  ventral  segment  is  much  longer  than  its 
neighbors,  whi_h  in  our  7)iiiiiinii  is  the  case  onlv  in  convexuhivi  and 
the  fourth  dorsal  is  not  perceptibly  longer  than  the  third  ;  not  at  all  like 
a  true  Euplectus,  to  which  E.  crinttus  belongs,  lliis  all  points  to  Tri- 
mium except  the  stronger  border  of  the  abdomen  and  the  form  of  the 
aniennal  club,  which  latter  is  decidedly  like  Euplectus.  This  question- 
able form  seems  to  be  exceptionally  North  American  of  the  Atlantic 
Slope.  According  to  Renter's  schema  we  would  have  but  one  Trimium 
and  the  rest  would  be  Trimiopsis.  Sharp  is  unwilling  to  accept  Trimi- 
opsis.  Those  doubthd  Euplectus  would  be  Trimium  except  lor  the 
antennae.      What  is  to  be  done  .? 

Constant  characters  of  Euplectus  are  the  prolongated  fourth  dorsal, 
which  in  reality  is  composed  of  two  united  segments,  and  is  not  connate 
with  the  last  segment,  the  form  of  the  antennie  and  the  third  basal  ely- 
tral  puncture,  together  with  the  depressed  general  form.  Constant  char- 
acters o{  Trimium  are  the  varying  subequal,  dorsal  and  ventral  segments, 
the  wanting  prolongation  of  the  fourth  dorsal,  which  is  connate  with  the 
last  segment  of  theantennal  club,  and  the  Batrisus-shaped  form  of  the  body 
and  two  basal  elytral  punctures.  This  schema  excludes  the  E.  arcuatus, 
integer  etc.  which  should  be  set  down  as  Pseudotrimium  [Pseudoplectrus  ? 
Reitter)  having  the  4th  and  5th  dorsal  connate  and  six  ventrals. 

Trimium  thoracicum  n.  sp.     Saturated  yellow,    form   slender,  pubescence,  very 
fine,  abundant.     Length,  0.9—0.95  mm. 

Head  narrower  than  the  prothorax,  one-fifth  wider  than  long,  genre  convergent, 
eyes  not  prominent,  base  impressed  in  the  middle,  frontal  margin  straight,  a  little 
more  than  half  as  wide  as  tlie  width  across  the  eyes,  the  fovere  in  a  line  through  the 
mi<ldle  of  the  eye,  mutually  less  than  twice  distant  as  either  from  the  eye,  circuni 
ambient  sulcus  dibtinct,  shallow,  antennal  tubercles  small.     Antenna'  one-half  longer 


—  197— 

than  the  head,  the  two  basal  joints  not  as  strong  as  in  T.  parviilum,  8  —  10  equal  in 
ieiiath,  each  twice  as  wide  as  the  preceeding  one,  the  last  one-ioiirth  longer  than  its 
width  and  twice  as  wide  as  the  tenth,  ovate.  The  last  palpal  joint  in  the  outline 
securiform,  but  not  compressed.  Piothorax  as  long  as  wide,  seemingly  longer,  equal 
to  one  and  one-half  the  length  of  the  head,  widest  before  the  middle,  sides  evenly 
arcuate,  not  perceptibly  sinuate  neai-  the  rather  small  lateral  foveas  which  are  con- 
nected with  the  medial  basal  small  fovea  by  a  straight  sulcus  one-fourth  the  length  of 
the  prothorax  from  the  base;  disk  evenly  convex,  finely  and  densely  punctured. 
Elytra  across  the  rounded  shoulders  as  wide  as  the  jirothorax,  before  the  tip  one- 
third  wider  and  the  suture  one-fourth  longer ;  disk  convex,  base  with  two  arcuate 
impressions  leaving  between  them  a  broiid  longitudinal  ridge,  which  in  proper  light 
may  be  traced  to  one-third  of  the  elytral  length.  Abdomen  with  the  first  not  longer 
than  the  second,  very  convex  with  two  very  short  basal  carinte.  Legs  moderate,  the 
intermediate  thighs  lunate,  convex  anteriorly  and  nearly  straight  posteriorly,  com- 
pressed.    The  abundant  pubescence  makes  the  surface  appear  lustreless. 

Iowa. — On  moist  rotten  wood  with  ants.  Abundant  in  the  time  of 
copulation  in  June.  Diffeis  from  T.  puncticolk  by  the  impression  on 
the  occiput  and  the  presence  of  abdominal  carina;. 

Articerus  californicus  n.  sp. 

In  size  and  color  like  Articerus  fiuhsii  from  Tennessee,  but  is  more  slender  in 
form,  the  head  in  proportion  shorter,  the  antennae  darker  and  slightly  arcuate,  the 
outlines  of  the  tube-shaped  last  joint  concave,  which  are  in  fuchsii  straight  lines,  the 
antennal  cavities  sharper,  limited  before  the  eyes  and  the  root  of  the  basal  segment 
less  exposed.  Otherwise  in  every  respect  like  the  well-known  A.  fiichsiL 
Los  Angeles,  California. 


Note  on  Haematobia  serrata  R.   Desv. 

By  S.  W.  Williston. 


I  have  just  learned,  through  the  kindness  of  Professor  Lintner,  that 
the  Hc^maloiia  cornicola,  described  by  me  in  the  September  number  of 
Entom.  Americana,  had  previously  been  identified  through  Baron  Osten 
Sacken  with  H.  serrata  R.  Desvoidy,  from  France  and  Italy.  I  very 
much  regret  the  synonym,  which  only  adds  another  proof  that  he  who 
treads  on  unfamihar  ground  finds  plenty  of  pitfalls.  Suspecting,  as  I  did, 
the  identity  of  the  two  forms,  I  should  have  sent  specimens  for  compari- 
son. INIy  only  plea  is  that  the  multiplicity  of  my  duties  compels  me  to 
gi\e  up  further  study  of  our  Diptera,  for  the  time,  at  least.  I  leave  them 
with  the  less  reluctance,  knowing  that  Mr.  Coquillet  and  Mr.  W.  M. 
Wheeler  are  engaged  upon  them.  Mr.  Wheeler  writes  me  that  he  is 
making  an  especial  study  of  the  Leptidoe,  and  I  know  he  will  be  thank- 
ful for  material.* 


*  We  shall  have  some  remarks  on  this  note  in  a  future  number. 


—198— 

SYNONYMICAL    NOTES. 

By  Geo.    H.    Horn,   M.  D. 


The  species  which  follow  are  those  described  by  Prof.  E.  F.  Germar 
in  the  work  with  the  title  "  Insectorum  species  novae  aut  minus  cognilae,'' 
a  book  not  in  most  libraries. 

In  all  there  are  eighty-two  species  described  from  our  fauna,  forty- 
one  of  which  retain  the  specific  name.  Of  the  latter  fourteen  retain  the 
entire  name  w^hile  the  remainder  have  been  referred  to  other  genera. 

While  nearly  all  of  the  synonymy  below  has  been  made  known  in 
a  scattered  way  several  names  have  been  forgotten.  Believing  the  pub- 
lication useful  from  the  convenience  of  having  everything  together  so  that 
it  can  be  readily  referred  to,  it  is  offered  as  a  continuation  of  the  series 
begun  a  number  of  years  ago. 

Insectorum  species  novae— E.  F.  Germar. 

Amara  luctuosa,   p.  10,  =  Chla.niius  tomentosus  Say. 

Chlaenius  erypthropus,   p.  1 1 . 

Platynus  bland  us,  p.  12,  =  Platynus  cincticollis  Say. 

Poecilus  monedula,  p.  18,   =  Pterostichus  submarginatus  Say. 

Molops  faber,  p.  23,  =  Pterostichus. 

Harpalus  merula,  p.  24,   =  Anisodactylus. 

Harpalus  stigmosus,  p.  25,  =  Selenophorus  palliatus  Fab. 

Bembidion  intersectum,  p.  28,  =  Tetragonoderus. 

Dyticus  biguttulus,  p.  29,  =  Ilybius. 

Dyticus  maculosus,  p.  30,  =  Laccophilus  maculosus  Say. 

Gyrinus  vittatus,  p.  32,  ==  Diiieutus. 

Buprestis  pugionata,  p.  37,  =  Dicerca. 

Buprestis  liberta,  p.  38,  ^=  Chalcophora. 

Buprestis  dentipes,  p.  38,  =  Chrysobothris. 

Elater  simplex,*  p.  42,  =  Melanotiis  communis  Gy/l. 

Elater  semirufus,   p.  45,  =  Limonius  basillaris  Say,  var. 
scmiiEneiis  Lee. 

Elater  circumscriptus,  p.  46,   =  Drasterius  elegans  Fab. 

Elater  rufilabris,  p.  47,  =  Megapenthes, 

Homalisus  crenatus,  p.  61,  =  Eros. 

Lampyris  rosata,  p.  62,   =  Photinus  pyralis  Linn. 

Telephorus  luteicollis,   p.  70. 

Malthinus  latipennis,  p.  72,  ^  Trypherus. 

Dasytes  trivittis,  p.  76,  =  Odontonyx. 

Dorcatoma  bicolor,  p.  79.     (Unknown). 

Clerus  humeralis  p.  80,  =  Hydnocera  humeralis  Say . 

Trichodes  apivorus,  p.  81. 

Silpha  tuberculata,  p.  81,  ^  Silpha  lapponica  Ilbst. 

Dermestes  caninus,  p.  84. 

Hister  Isevipes,  p.  87. 


*  Described  from  Brazil. 


—  199— 

Macronycluis  variegatus,   p.  89,  =  Ancyronyx. 

Sphasridium  melrenum,  p.  96,  =  Hydrobius  globosus  Say. 

Ateuchus  probus,   p.  98,   ^  Cantlion. 

Trox  punctatus,  p.  113. 

Scaiabtijus  Egeriei,  p.  1 14,  =  Geotrupes. 

Melolontha  annulata,  p.  121,  =:  Anomala  marginata  Fal>. 

Melolontha  liberta,   p.  123,  =  Diplotaxis. 

Melolontha  hexau;ona,   p.  124,  =  Dichelonyclia  elongata  Fa/>. 

Melolontha  mucorea,   p.  129,  =  Hoplia. 

Upis  perforata,  p.  148,   =:  Polypleurus. 

Helops  cisteloides,   p.  159. 

Helops  ?ereus,  p.  160. 

Allecula  erythrocnemis,   p.  164. 

a^demera  erythrocephala,  p.  167,  =  Asclera. 

Rhipiphorus  cruentus,   p.  168. 

Rhipiphonis  sanguinolentus,   p.  169,   =  R.  pectinatus  Fa/>. 

Mordella  melasna,  p.  169. 

Rhynchites,  ruficollis,  p.  188,   =  Eugnamptus  coUaris  Fal>. 

Cryptorhynchus  aratus,  p.  283,   =  Conotrachelus. 

Balaninus  pistor,   p.  295,  =  Centrinus. 

Calandra  compressirostris,  p.  300,  =  Sphenophorus. 

Calandra  larvalis,   p.  301,  =  Sphenophorus  cariosus  0/iv. 

Lipariis  picivorus,   p    311,   :=  Hylohius. 

Pissodes  nemorensis,  p.  318,  =  Pissodes  strobi /"fc/J. 

Pissodes  macellus,   p.  319,  =  Hylobius  pales  //fisi. 

Tomicus  calligraphus,  p.  461. 

Apate  serricollis,  p.  464,  =^  Bostrichus. 

Apate  aspericollis,  p.  465,  =  Amphicerus  bicaudatus  Say. 

Sylvanus  planatus,   p.  466. 

Lamia  {Tdraopes^  arator,  p.  486,  =  Tetraopes  canteriator  Drop. 

Cerambyx  {Purpuricenits)  Melsheimeri,  p.  562,   =  Tragidion  coquus  Linn. 

Callidiiim  sanguinicolle,  p.  515,  =  Batyle  ignicollis  Say. 

Caliidium  miniatnm,   p.  515,   =  Batyle  suturalis  Say. 

Callidiiim  (CVi'/w)  aspericolle,  p.  517,  =  Neoclytiis  erythrocephalus  i^«//. 

Leptura  quagga,  p.  521,  =  Leptura  nitens  Forst. 

Leptura  erythroptera,   p.  522,   =  L.  rubrica  Say. 

Leptura  abbreviata,  p.  523,   =  L.  vittata  Oliv. 

Leptura  distans,  p.  524,  =  Euryptera  lateralis  Oliv. 

Orsodacna  armeniacas,   p.  526,  =  O.  atra  Ahr.  var. 

Crioceris  sexmaculata,  p.  526,  =  Lema  sexpunctata  Oliv. 

Hispa  flavipes,  p.  529,  =  Odontota  nervosa  Panz. 

Hispa  pallipes,   p.  529,   =  O.  rubra  Weber. 

Ca-sida  erythrocera,   p.  540,   =  Porphyraspis  cyanea  Say. 

Clytia  ephippium,   p.  548,   =  Anomcea  latidavia  Forst. 

Cryptocephalus  seniicincUis,  p.  554,   =  Cryptocephalus  quadrimaculatus  Say. 

Cryptocephalus  iativittis,   p.  558,   =  Bassareus  lituratus  Fab.  var. 

Crypiocephahis  obsoletus,    p.  559,  =  C.  venustus  Fab.,  var.  ornattis. 

Cryptocephalus  picturatus,   p.  560,    =  Pachybrachys. 

Colaspis  pilula,   p.  567,   =  Nodonota. 

Chrysomela  puiicta,  p.  590,  =  Doryphora. 

Galeruca  fibuiata,  p.  601,   =  Luperus. 

Haltica  carinata,  p.  610. 

Lycoperdina  vittata,  p.  621,  =  Mycetina  vittata  Fab. 


— zoo — 


Preparatory  Stages  of  Callosamia  angulifera,    Walk. 
Bv  Wm.  Beutenmueller. 


Egg — Ovoid,  flattened  above  and  below,  while,  shiny.  Length  2 
mm.  width  i  mm.      Laid  July  2.      Emerged  July  nth. 

Voting  Larva. — Head  dull  black  with  a  transverse  white  band  a 
litde  before  the  middle.  Labrum  also  white.  Cervical  shield  black. 
Body  above  and  below  wholly  yellow,  as  are  also  the  tubercles.  As  the 
larva  grows  older  a  pale  blackish  transverse  band  begins  to  appear  on  the 
junction  of  each  segment.  Length  3  mm.  Duration  of  this  stage  six 
days. 

After  first  moult. — Same  as  the  preceeding  stage,  except  the  band 
on  the  first  segment  deep  black,  and  the  lateral  row  of  tubercles  above 
the  spiracles  sometimes  black.  Length  6  mm.  Duration  of  this  stage 
seven  days. 

A/tt:r  second  moult. — The  head  is  now  pale  green  with  two  black 
transverse  bands  and  the  body  pale  whitish  green  with  the  dorsal  tuber- 
celes  and  the  ones  below  the  spiracles  \ellow.  The  tubercles  above  the 
spiracles  black.  The  four  tubercles  on  the  second  and  third  segments 
pale  orange  and  much  larger  than  the  rest.  The  transverse  band  on  the 
segments  are  now  scarcely  visible,  except  along  the  dorsum  they  are  deep 
black.  Underside  semitranslucent,  whitisli.  Length  14  mm.  Dura- 
tion of  this  stage  four  days. 

After  third  moult. — The  tubercles  on  the  second  and  third  seg- 
ments are  now  coral  red  and  the  one  on  the  eleventh  segment  yellow. 
All  the  remaining  tubercles  are  reduced  to  piliferous  spots.  Length  22 
mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  seven  da3'S. 

After  fourth  moult. — Little  difference  from  the  preceeding  mnult 
except  that  the  tubercles  are  a  little  more  prominent  and  having  along 
the  sides  below  spiracles  a  pale  yellow  stripe  beginning  at  the  third  seg- 
ment and  runnmg  to  the  posterior  extremity  of  the  body. 

Length  35  mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  five  days. 

After  fifth,  the  last  moult. — No  difference  from  the  preceeding  moult. 
Length  60  mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  six  days. 

Food  Plants.  Tulip-Tree,  {Liriodendron  tulipifera. )  Wild  Cherry 
iPrunus  5(?ro/wa)  and  Sassafras  {S.  officinale.) 

This  larva  closely  resembles  that  of  Callosamia  promethea.  But 
may  be  readily  distinguished  by  the  yellow  lateral  stripe  and  the  less 
prominent  tubercles  on  the  second  and  third  segments  and  also  by  the 
smaller  piliferous  spots  which  in  some  individuals  are  quite  obsolete. 
The  larva  is  also  much  stouter  and  larger  than  promethea. 

The  cocoon  can  onl\'  be  separated  from  P.  promethea  \>\  its  larger 
size.      Length  43  mm,  width  20  mm. 


— 201  — 

PROCEEDINGS  OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  CLUB 
OF  THE  A.  A.  A.  S. 


The  Club  began  its  regular  annual  session  at  2  P.  M.  August  28th, 
1889,  in  the  Biological  Building  of  the  University  of  Toronto.  There 
were  present  during  the  meetings,  Messrs.  C.  J.  S.  Bethune,  Wm.  A. 
Bowman,  A.  J.  Cook,  H.  Carman,  Chas.  W.  Hargitt,  L.  O.  Howard, 
P.  R.  Hoy,  H.  H.  Lyman,  J.  Alston  Moffat,  E.  Baynes  Reed,  Wm. 
Saunders,  J.  B.  Smith,  E.  P.  Thompson,  and  Clarence  M.  Weed. 

The  meeting  was  called  to  order  by  the  President,  Mr.  James 
Fletcher,  who  then  delivered  the  following  annual  address.* 

At  the  close  of  the  address  attention  was  called  to  the  absence  of 
the  Secretary,  and  on  motion  Clarence  M.  Weed  was  elected  Secretary 
-pro  tern.  A  long  discussion  followed  concerning  the  advisability  of  or- 
ganizing such  an  association  as  was  suggested  in  the  President's  address. 
Letters  were  read  by  the  President  from  F.  M.  Webster,  Herbert  Osliorn, 
A.  H.  MacKay,  F.  B.  Caulfield,  T.  E.  Bean,  M.  H.  Beckwith,  W.  B. 
Alwood,  W.  H.  Harrington,  C.  J.  S.  Bethune,  J.  B.  Smith,  and  C.  M. 
Weed.  jMr.  Howard  also  reported  letters  from  F.  L.  Harvey,  Lawrence 
Bruner,  J.  P.  Campbell,  C.  W.  Woodworth,  C.  P.  Gillette,  S.  A.  Forbes, 
E.  J,  Wickson,  J.  H.  Comstock,  all  of  whom  heartily  favored  such  an 
organization.  Those  present  also  expre.^sed  themselves  in  favor  of  it. 
On  motion  the  Club  then  adjourned  to  9  A.  M. ,  Thursday. 

The  Club  met  Thursday  morning  pursuant  to  adjournment,  Mr. 
Fletcher  in  the  chair,  and  proceeded  to  discuss  the  entomological  mat- 
ters touched  upon  in  the  President's  address. 

In  reply  to  a  query  from  Mr.  Howard,  Mr.  Fletcher  said  he  never 
bred  any  parasites  from  Nematiis  erichsonii,  tliough  he  had  bred  thousands 
of  this  species.  Mr.  Howard  said  he  was  especially  interested  to  learn, 
because  a  few  years  ago  Dr.  Packard  described  a  Pterovialus  parasitic  on 
this  insect  which  had  since  proved  to  be  the  same  as  a  European 
parasite. 

Prof.  Cook  and  Mr.  Howard  reported  the  successful  use  of  poison- 
ed baits  of  clover  and  similar  substances  in  destroying  cut-worms.  The 
former  had  tried  it  in  general  field  culture  in  Michigan.  Patches  of 
clover  were  sprayed  with  Paris  green  water,  then  the  clover  was  cut, 
placed  in  a  wagon  and  carried  to  the  field  where  it  was  distributed  in 
forkfuls  before  the  crop  was  planted.  The  cut-worms  fed  upon  it  and 
were  killed.  Prof  Smith  reported  that  this  method  had  also  been  success- 


*  Mr.  Fletcher  has  not  yet  furnished  the  manuscript  of  tliis   address,  which  wc 
hope  however  to  present  in  a  future  number. 

Entomologica  Amebic  ana.    Vol.  V.  3  Octobeii  &  November,  1889. 


fully  used  in  New  Jersey.  Mr.  Fletcher  tailed  attention  to  the  fact  that 
the  worms  are  not  killed  immediately  but  go  beneath  the  soil  surface 
about  an  inch  where  they  die  in  course  of  a  day  or  two. 

Prof  Cook  had  also  tried  planting  succulent  plants  in  fields  of  ,1; rape 
vines  and  apple  trees  to  prevent  tlie  climbing  cutworms  from  injuring 
the  bud>.  with  con:-iderable  success.  He  had  bred  Mero^nyza  americana 
from  oats  very  frequentlv.  Prof  Smith  had  often  taken  adult  Aleromyza 
in  a  sweep-net  in  New  Jersey,  but  had  not  known  it  to  do  any  serious 
damage.     He  said  that  the  Wheat  ^lidge  did  some  injury  in  New  Jersey. 

IMr.  Fletcher  thought  no  remedy  for  the  Wheat  Midge  had  been 
suggested  but  that  of  destroying  refuse.  Prof.  Cook  advocated  pushing 
the  crop  to  rapid  maturity.  Prof  Saunders  reported  this  pest  very  de- 
structive in  many  parts  of  Canada.  At  Prince  Fdward"s  Island  farmers 
plant  either  very  early  or  very  late  to  avoid  it.  Had  lately  seen  many 
flies  about  infested  heads  which  he  supposed  to  be  parasites. 

Prof  Cook  said  that  one  of  the  most  serious  pests  in  Michigan  was 
the  wire-worm  for  which  no  successful  remedy  was  known.  One  year's 
cultivation  of  buckwheat  would  not  destroy  them.  He  also  asked  how^ 
Chrysopa  larvae  feed,  reporting  observations  indicating  that  the  juice  of 
the  victim  was  sucked  in  through  the  long  jaws.  Similar  observations 
upon  the  mode  of  feeding  of  Syrphus  larvae  showed  that  they  partially 
roll  themselves  inside  out,  making  a  sort  of  funnel  cif  themselves  in  suck- 
ing iheir  victims. 

Ill  s])eaking  of  injuiy  to  Larches  h\  Kcmalus  erichsonii,  Mr.  Howard 
reporteti  that  (Jr.  Packard  had  figured  in  the  forthcoming  report  of  the 
U.  S.  Fntomological  Commission,  Larches  killed  by  repeated  attacks  of 
this  insect,  and  added  that  there  were  Flms  of  the  Department  grounds 
at  Washington,  that  had  been  defoliated  year  after  year  by  another  insect 
but  yet  were  still  vigorous. 

Mr.  Saunders  reported  that  the  bean  crop  had  been  badly  injured 
by  cut-worms  this  year. 

^L-.  Howard  called  attention  to  the  ease  with  which  parasites  of 
scale  insects  can  be  carried  from  place  to  place. 

Prof  Smith  made  some  remarks  on  the  structural  peculiarities  of 
the  genus  Agroiis  tending  to  show  that  a  loosely  assembled  mass  of 
species  is  classed  under  this  generic  name.  He  described  the  variations 
in  the  palpi,  the  frons,  the  thoracic  tuftings,  the  antennce,  the  legs,  the 
wing  form  and  the  general  habitus,  and  showed  that  any  definition  of 
the  genus  ba^etl  upon  the  existing  assemblage  would  take  in  every  Noc- 
tuici,  widi  naked  eyes  and  spinose  tibice.  hind  wings  not  red  or  banded. 
He  gave  some  of  the  characters  upon    which    he    had  divided  the  genus 


—  203~ 

Jind  stated  that  a  monographic  revision  of  the  species  was  completed  in 
]\ISS.  and  about  ready  for  the  printer. 
Mr.  Weed  then  read  the  following  : 

EXPERIMENTS  WITH  REMEDIES  FOR  THE  STRIPED  CUCUM- 
BER   BEETLE. 

By  Clarence  M.  Weed. 


[summary.  ] 

(i).  The  ariicle  read  by  the  author  embodies  the  results  of  the  first 
season's  work  on  a  series  of  experiments  undertaken  to  determine  the 
preventive  or  remedial  value  of  various  methods  recommended  to  pre- 
vent the  injuries  of  the  Striped  Cucumber  Beetle,  {Diabrotica  viUafa.) 

(2).  These  methods  are,  for  sake  of  convenience,  divided  into  four 
classes,  viz:  (i),  The  use  of  offensive  odors  ;  (2),  Mechanical  coatings 
of  the  leaves  ;  (3),  Poisonous  coatings  of  the  leaves  ;  (4),  Enclosing 
plants  under  tents  or  gauze  covered  frames. 

(3).  The  experiments  were  made  on  a  large  scale  under  ordinary 
field  conditions,  during  the  summer  of  1889,  when  the  Striped  Beetles 
were  exceedingly  abundant. 

(4),  Five  substances  of  the  first  class  were  tested,  viz  :  hen  man- 
ure, cow  manure,  kerosene,  carbolic  acid  and  bi-sulphide  of  carbon. 
None  of  these  proved  practically  successful. 

(5).  Three  substances  of  the  second  class  were  tested,  viz  :  coal- 
soot,  gypsum,  und  saltpeter.  Of  these  coal-soot  and  saltpeter  proved 
worthless,  while  gypsum  showed  some  beneficial  effect,  not  sufficient 
however  wholly  to  save  the  plants. 

(6).  Three  substances  of  the  third  class  were  applied,  viz  :  py- 
rethrum,  slug  shot,  and  peroxide  of  silicates.  Pyrethrum  killed  those 
beetles  with  which  it  came  in  contact  at  first,  but  soon  lost  its  efficacy. 
Slug  shot  injured  the  plants  to  which  it  was  applied.  Peroxide  of  sili- 
cates had  a  decided  effect  in  preventing  injury,  and  where  the  plants  had 
been  well  started  before  being  attacked  saved  them  from  destruction. 
But  it  did  not  save  them  where  the  beetles  were  so  numerous  that  they 
burrowed  down  to  meet  the  sprouting  plants. 

(7).  The  results  obtained  from  the  fourth  method  —  that  of  fencing 
out  the  insects  by  covering  the  plants  with  some  form  of  tent  or  gauze 
covered  frame,  were  by  flir  the  most  satisfactory.  The  cheapest  and 
most  successful  method  employed  was  that  of  protecting  each  hill  by  a 
piece  of  plant  cloth  or  cheese  cloth  about  two  feet  square.  This  may  be 
done  simply  by  placing  it  over  the  plants  and  fastening  tlie  edges  down 
by  small  stones  or  loose  earth.      It  is  better  however  to  hold  it  up   by 


—  204 

means  of  half  of  a  barrel  hoop  or  a  wire  bent  in  the  form  of  a  croquet 
arch. 

In  the  discussion  which  followed  Mr.  Howard  reported  that  "X.  O. 
Dust "  —  a  patent  combination  of  ground  tobacco  and  some  other  sub- 
stances —  had  been  found  a  specific  for  the  flea-beetle. 

Mr.  Smith  reported  that  he  had  found  the  same  substance  an  excel- 
lent remedy  for  the  Horn  Fiy,  Asparagus  bee;le  larvae,  and  many  other 
pests.  Prof  Cook  reportetl  belter  success  widi  tobacco  decoction  than 
dust  Found  the  decociit)n  the  best  remedy  for  use  on  domestic  ani- 
mals. 

Prof.  Cook  read  a  paper  giving  an  account  of  injury  to  furniture  by 
a  small  beetle,  Lasiodcrnia  serricurtie  not  hiilieno  leported  to  have  such 
habits. 

The  Club  then  adjouinrtl  to  meet  at  1:30  P.   M. 

At  the  appointed  lime  the  Club  was  called  to  order  by  the  President. 
The  following  paper  was  then  read  by  its  author  : 

EXPERIMENTS  WITH  REMEDIES  FOR  THE  PLUM  CURCULIO. 

Clakence  M.  Weed. 


During  the  spiing  of  1888  I  undertook  an'  extended  series  of  ex- 
periments with  remedies  for  the  plum  curculio,  and  have  reported  the 
results  of  the  first  season's  work  in  the  Bulletin  and  Report  of  the  Ohio 
Agricultural  Experiment  Station.  The  most  successful  method  ihere  re- 
corded is  that  of  spraying  with  I^ondon  purple,  the  results  indicating 
that  about  three-fourths  of  the  cherries  liable  to  injury  by  the  insect  can 
be  saved  by  the  treatment,  and  that  as  large  a  proportion  of  the  plum 
crop  as  is  desirable  may  thus  be  brought  to  maturity.  These  experi- 
ments were  repeated  this  season,  and  I  desire  now  to  present  some  of 
the  more  important  results,  and  to  indicate  the  conclusions  to  which 
they  point. 

Experiments  with  Cherries. 

The  principal  experiment  with  cherries  this  year  was  a  duplicate  of 
the  one  carried  on  in  1888,  the  variety  used  being  a  half  acre  of  Early 
Richmond  trees  in  full  bearing.  Last  year  the  west  half  of  this  orchard 
was  sprayed  and  the  east  half  left  as  a  check.  To  eliminate  any  possi- 
ble effect  upon  the  results  due  to  the  difference  in  situation  and  expo- 
sure, this  year  I  reversed  the  treatment,  spraying  the  east  half  and  leav- 
ing the  west  as  a  check. 

So  far  as  possible  this  experiment  was  made  an  exact  duplicate  of 
ihe  one  last  season.  During  the  time  of  spraying  a  great  deal  of  rain 
fell  both  \cais,  necessualing  three  sprayings  where  two  ordinarily  would 


-205  — 


suffice.  The  first  two  sprayings  this  )-ear  were  made  on  the  same  dates 
as  last — May  15th  and  21st.  —  and  the  third  a  day  carher,  —  May  25th. 
A  more  dilute  solution  was  used  this  season  however,  London  purple 
being  applied  in  the  proportion  of  one  pound  to  160  gallons  of  water  as 
against  one  pound  to  100  gallons  last  year. 

The  cherries  had  begun  to  turn  red  June  4lh,  and  the  examination 
for  curculio  injuries  began  on  that  date,  continuing  until  June  12th. 
One  thousand  cherries  were  picked  from  each  of  twenty-four  trees  in 
each  half  of  the  orchard,  care  being  taken  to  select  limbs  in  all  parts  of 
the  tree  and  strip  them  thoroughl}\  Each  tree  was  labeled  with  a  letter, 
those  on  the  sprayed  portion  being  tagged  as  A,  B,  C.  etc.,  and  those 
on  the  unsprayed  portion  which  corresponded  in  situation  with  those 
named  being  labeled  A  check,  B  check,  C  check,  etc.  As  just  stated, 
the  checks  were  selected  according  to  their  situation,  principally  because 
this  was  the  only  practical  way  of  doing  it  ;  and  though  occasionally  a 
tree  and  its  check  would  hardly  be  fair  comparison  trees  because  of  the 
difference  in  the  amount  of  fruit  borne  by  them,  the  total  results  could 
not  fail  to  be  correct. 

The  results  obtained,  so  far  as  they  relate  to  the  injuries  of  the  cur- 
culio, are  shown  in  the  following  table,  the  columns  1000  being  the 
number  of  cherries  examined,  and  those  to  the  right  the  number  in  each 
1000  injured  by  the  insect 

Sprayed  with  London  purple.  Check. 


Tree  A. 

1000 

. ...21  ..  .. 

1000 

.113 

"  B. 

1000. ... 

....27 

1000 

.121 

"  c. 

1000  ... 

....26 

1000 

.  75 

♦'  D. 

1000 .... 

...22 

1(00 

.  50 

"  E. 

1000.... 

...16 

1(00 

..220 

"  F. 

1000.... 

....28, 

1000 

..  49 

"  G. 

1000.... 

....15 

1000 

. .  40 

"     H. 

1000.... 

....  6 

1000 

. .  59 

"  T. 

1000. ... 

....  2 

1000 

. .  40 

"  J- 

1000  ... 

...13 

1000 ...... 

.  .  42 

"  K. 

1000... 

....17 

1000 

.  .  30 

"  L. 

1000.... 

....  6 

1000 

. .  75 

«  M. 

1000.... 

....17 

1000 

. .  97 

"  N. 

1000.... 

....  6  

1000 

..  27 

*'  0. 

1000.... 

....  3 

1000 

..  57 

"  P. 

1000... 

....18  

1000. 

..100 

"  C). 

1000 

.15  

1000  

61 

'«  R. 

1000  ... 

....14 

1000 

..  82 

"  s. 

1000 .... 

....26 

1000 

..  35 

"  T. 

li  00  ... 

...  9 

1000 

. .  31 

"  U. 

1000 .... 

....19 

lOUO 

..  59 

"    V. 

1000  . . 

....  6  

1000 

..  81 

"  w. 

1000.... 

....17  

moo 

..  71 

"  X. 

10(10... 

...12 

1000 

..  60 

24000 

360 

24000 

1483 

Percenta 

Te  1.5       Per 

centage 6.17 

— 2o6 — 

That  is  to  say  these  results  indicate  that  75.6  per  cent,  of  the  cher- 
ries hable  to  injury  were  saved  by  the  treatment  with  London  purple. 

It  will  at  once  be  noticed  that  the  percentage  of  injury  on  the  un- 
sprayed  trees  (6. 17)  was  very  small,  being  less  than  one-half  that  of  last 
year  (14.15).  This  was  probably  due  in  part  to  the  fact  that  the  cher- 
ries ripened  nearly  a  week  earlier  this  year,  the  horticulturist  having 
been  picking  for  market  June  iith,  while  last  year  it  was  necessary  to 
wait  until  June  20th.  Tlie  ratio  between  the  injury  on  ihe  sprayed  and 
unsprayed  trees,  however,  was  nearly  the  same,  the  difference  in  the  per- 
centage of  benefit  for  the  two  seasons  being  but  .2  per  cent. 

In  the  second  experiment  this  year  two  young  trees  of  an  unknown 
variety  were  used.  They  were  situated  on  the  south  side  of  the  orchard 
of  Early  Richmond  trees;  but  were  somewhat  isolated  and  much  ex- 
posed to  curculio  attack.  The  variety  ripens  considerabl\'  later  than  the 
Early  Richmond  and  consequently  like  most  late  cherries  it  is  much 
more  liable  to  injury. 

The  trees  were  sprayed  on  the  same  dates  as  the  others — May  15th, 
2  1st  and  25th,  —  and  the  fruit  was  examined  June  14th.  Neither  tree 
bore  much  over  a  thousand  cherries,  so  that  they  were  practically  stripped 
by  the  picking. 

The  cherries  on  the  sprayed  tree  showed  ah  injury  of  22.6  per  cent, 
while  those  on  the  unsprayed  tree  had  been  injured  to  the  extent  of  57.7 
per  cent.,  giving  a  percentage  of  benefit  of  60.5. 

I  believe  however,  that  better  results  would  have  been  obtained  had 
I  waited  some  days  to  make  my  first  spraying,  and  made  each  of  the 
others  later.  A  large  proportion  of  the  injuries  on  the  sprayed  tree  had 
been  made  but  a  short  time  before  the  examination,  probably  after  the 
last  application  of  London  purple  had  been  washed  off  by  the   frequent 

rains. 

Experiments  with  Plums. 

The  plum  experiment  was  not  an  exact  duplicate  of  the  one  made 
last  season  because  the  main  object  this  year  was  to  discover  some  means 
of  preventing  the  injuries  of  the  Plum  Fruit  Rot  [AJonilia  fi-uctigena). 
Consequently  a  combination  treatment  was  necessary.  The  trees  ot  a 
half  acre  orchard  containing  four  varieties  were  sprayed  with  London 
purple  alone,  in  the  proportit)n  of  one  ounce  to  ten  gallons  of  water. 
May  I5ih,  soon  after  the  petals  had  fallen.  They  were  next  sprayed 
Mav  24th,  with  a  combination  of  London  purple  and  the  Bordeaux 
mixture,  which  treatment  was  repeated  June  isl. 

No  check  trees  were  left  in  the  orchard  on  account  of  the  fruit  rot 
experiment,  but  two  plum  trees  on  the  grounds  a  short  distance  from 
the  orchard  were  left  untreated.      The  latter  set  a  good  crop  of  fruit  but 


■ — 207  — 

it  was  entirely  destro)-ed  by  the  curculio,  not  a  single  plum  being  left  to 
mature.  The  crop  in  the  orchard  however,  was  immense,  one-half  the 
fruit  on  man\-  of  tlie  trees  being  artificially  thinned,  and  then  bearing  so 
much  that  the  limbs  bent  to  the  ground  and  in  some  cases  broke  on  ac- 
count o(   the  great  weight. 

Amount  of  Rainfall. 
As  already  stated  a  great  deal  deal  of  rain  fell  during  the  period  of 
spraying,  necessitating  at  least  one  more  application  than  ordinarily 
would  suffice.  The  amount  of  rainfall  during  the  period  covered  by 
these  experiments — jMay  15th  to  June  14th — is  indicated  in  the  follow- 
table  : 

Inches. 

90 

13 

02 

22 

22 

31 

trace 

trace 

09 


Inches, 

Mav  19  

74 

May  30, 

"   20  

16 

"   31 

"   21 

01 

Tune  1 . 

"   22 

19 

4 

"   23 

02 

"   7. 

"   24  

16 

8. 

"   25... 

(11 

9 

"   27  

10 

"   10 

"   29 

53 

"   14. 

Conclusions. 

This  series  of  experiments  carried  on  through  two  seasons  upon  two 
varieties  of  cherry  trees  and  four  varieties  of  plum  trees,  during  which 
a  grand  total  of  65,500  cherries  have  been  individually  examined,  seems 
to  me  to  confirm  the  conclusions  provisionally  announced  one  year  a^o, 
which  may  now  be  put  in  the  following  form  : 

(i).  That  about  three-fourths  of  the  cherries  liable  to  injury 
by  the  plum  curculio  can  be  saved  by  two  or  three  applications  of  Lon- 
don purple  in  a  water  spray,  in  the  proportion  of  one  ounce  to  ten  gal- 
lons water. 

(2).  That  a  sufficiently  large  proportion  of  the  plum  crop  can  be 
saved  by  the  same  treatment  to  insure  a  good  yield  when  a  fair  amount 
of  iVuit  is  "  set." 

(3).  That  if  an  interval  of  a  month  or  more  occurs  between  the 
last  application  and  the  ripening  of  the  fruit,  no  danger  to  health  need 
be  apprehended  from  its  use. 

(4).  That  spraying  with  the  arsenites  is  cheaper  and  more  practical 
than  any  other  known  method  of  preventing  the  injuries  of  this  insect. 

INIr.  Smith  called  attention  to  the  f;ict  that  in  New  Jersey  there  was 
no  second  brood  of  the  Elm  Leaf  Beetle  this  season.  Prof  Ilargitt  re- 
ported that  peaches  were  seriously  injured  by  the  curculio  in  south-west- 
ern Ohio  this  season. 


— 2o8— 

Prof.  Cook  then  read  an  extract  from  a  Bulletin  of  the  Michigan 
Agricultural  College  concerning  spraying  with  the  arsenites,  showing 
that  London  purple  in  his  experiments  had  injured  foliage  more  than 
Paris  green. 

A  long  discussion  followed  concerning  the  injury  of  foliage  by  the 
application  of  the  arsenites,  in  which  various  opinions  were  expressed, 
the  most  important  point  brought  out  being  the  necessity  of  an  exhaust- 
ive investigation  of  the  whole  subject. 

Prof.  W.  O.  Atwater,  of  the  Office  of  Experiment  Stations  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture,  was  then  introduced  to  the  Club,  and  gave 
a  pleasant  talk,  especially  with  reference  to  the  co-operation  of  his  office 
with  the  recently  organized  Association  of  Official  Economic  Entomol- 
ogists. 

The  election  of  officers  then  took  place  with  the  following  result  : 
President,  A.  J.  Cook  ;  Vice-President,  C.  J.  S.  Bethune  ;  Secretary,  F. 
M.  Webster. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Smith  the  secretary /ro.  tem.  was  authorized  to 
publish  the  proceedings  of  the  Club  in  Entomologica  Americana. 

The  Club  then  adjourned  to  meet  after  the  adjournment  of  the  Bio- 
logical Section,  A,  A.  A.  S. 

On  re-assembling,  Mr.  L.  O.  Howard  read  a  paper  entitled  "On 
the  Parasites  and  Predaceous  Enemies  of  the  Grain  Plant-louse  "  in  which 
he  reviewed  the  previous  literature  and  discussed  at  some  length  the 
rearing  by  the  Division  of  Entomology,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 
of  nme  true  parasites  of  Siphonophora  avetice.  Illustrations  of  all  oi  the 
species  were  exhibited,  together  with  a  full  series  of  specimens.  The 
paper  was  discussed  by  Mr.  Saunders  and  Prof.  Cook. 

Mr.  H.  H.  Lyman  read  a  paper  on  "Variation  in  the  genus  Calli- 
morpha,'"  in  connection  with  which  he  exhibited  a  large  series  of  speci- 
mens and  discussed  at  length  the  question  of  specific  limitations.  The 
paper  was  discussed  at  length  by  Prof.  J.  B.  Smith. 

A  letter  from  Mr.  Wm.  H.  Edwards  was  then  read  by  the  Secretary, 
giving  the  results  of  breeding  experiments  for  the  season. 

The  Club  then  adjourned  sine  die. 

Clarence  M.   Weed, 

Secretary  pro  te?ti. 


— 2C9— 

The  following'  letter  was  read  bv  the  President  after  adjourn- 
ment, before  the  Association  of  Kconomic  Entomologists  : 

"Amherst,  Mass.,  August  26,   1889. 
Mr.   James  Fletcher.     ■ 

Dear  Sir  : — Will  you  please  express  to  the  members  of  the  Ento- 
mological Club  how  great  pleasure  it  would  have  given  me  to  meet,  with 
them  at  Toronto  and  how  deeply  I  regret  that  I  am  not  able  to  do  so, 
but  I  have  only  just  returned  from  Europe  and  find  so  much  to  do  in 
disposing  of  accumulated  work,  and  also  in  working  up  my  notes  taken 
in  Europe  that  I  have  no  lei.sure  moments  for  anything  else. 

The  objects  of  my  visit  to  Europe  was  were  to  study  the  types  of 
North  American  Pyralidae  in  the  European  museums,  and  also  to  get 
all  the  hints  I  could  in  economic  entomology. 

The  most  important  collection  of  course,  was  that  of  Guenee  which, 
after  his  death  went  into  the  hands  ofMons.  Charles  Oberthtir  of  Rennes, 
one  of  the  kindest  and  most  genial  of  gentlemen  it  has  ever  been  my 
good  fortune  to  meet.  Here  every  facility  was  granted  me  for  the  study 
of  his  types  which  are  in  excellent  condition,  and  they  are  preserved 
with  scrupulous  care. 

The  detour  of  the  usual  routes  of  travel- — from  London  to  Southamp- 
ton, thence  by  steamer  to  St.  Malo,  cars  to  Rennes  and  then  to  Paris — 
took  me  through  a  part  of  France  not  often  visited  by  Americans,  a  most 
quaint  and  mteresting  region,  where  the  people  retain  all  the  old  customs 
of  their  ancestors. 

As  is  well  known,  a  few  of  Guenee's  species  belonged  to  the  collec- 
tion of  Lefebre,  and  to  that  of  the  National  Museum.  The  Lefebre  col- 
lection has  been  destroyed  but  I  did  not  learn  any  of  the  particulars. 
However,  as  there  were  only  four  Nortli  American  Pyralids  in  it,  and  as 
these  are  well  known  we  shall  not  be  affected  by  the  loss.  How  much 
trouble  the  loss  of  the  Lefebre  collection  may  cause  the  students  ol  the 
Macrolepidoptera,  I  do  not  know. 

Upon  my  arrival  in  Paiis,  after  calling  cm  Mons.  Ragonot,  I  went 
to  the  National  INIuseum  to  see  those  two  insignificant  types  of  Guenee. 
Not  even  the  Eiffel  Tower  nor  the  grand  World's  E.xpositicm  had  any 
attractions  for  me  as  long  as  those  two  types  were  unknown.  Upon 
making  my  business  known  to  Mons.  Lucas,  he  called  his  assistants  and 
there  followed  a  vast  amount  of  "  parlez-vous-ing "  and  head  shaking 
which  looked  rather  ominous.  At  last  I  was  told  that  the  types  ''did 
not  exist  any  more,"  that  "Guenee  did  not  deposit  any  types  there,'" 
and  many  other  discouraging  remarks,  but  I  showed  them  in  (iuenee's 
Pyralites  that  those  two  types  had  been  deposited  there   and  tried  to  im- 

Entomologica  Americana.     Vol.  V.  i  Octobeu  &  November  1889. 


press  upon  them  the  fact  that  I  had  come  all  the  way  from  America  to 
see  those  two  insects  ami  that  the  proper  th.ng  to  do  was  to  make  an  ex- 
haustive search.  At  last  they  concluded  to  look,  and  after  searching 
for  four  hours,  these  t\pes  were  found  and  brought  to  me. 

Imagine  my  astonishment  to  discover  that  Elndia  fiimalis  Gn.  was 
our  well  kiidun  Butis  hadipennis  Grote,  and  that  Isoplervx  app/icalis  Gn. 
was  Isoplcrv.v  Aeniolalis  Hu'st. 

It  was  true  thai  Walker  had  names  for  nearly  everythmg  and  where 
there  was  any  doubt,  he  had  given  them  several,  but  I  had  now  obtained 
the  oldest  names  and  was  sure  of  my  ground.  I  could  now  ascend  the 
Eiffel  Tower  in  a  happ\-  frame  of  mind. 

The  jouniey  into  Switzerland  along  through  the  Alps  and  down  the 
Danube  to  Vienna  was  a  pleasure  trip,  a  constant  succession  of  enchant- 
ing views  of  the  wildest  natural  scenery. 

My  object  in  going  to  Vienna  was  to  see  the  t}'pes  of  Lederer's 
Pyrahds.  These  were  in  several  collections,  all  of  which  have  finally 
been  deposited  in  the  Royal  jNIuseum  except  a  few  still  retained  in  the 
collection  of  Felder  in  Vienna  and  a  fevv'  in  the  collection  of  Zeller  now 
in  the  British  INIuseum.  Some  of  Letlerer's  types  have  been  destroyed, 
but  I  was  able  to  see  nearly  all  of  his  North  American  types. 

The  more  I  study  the  work  of  Lederer,  with  a  knowledge  of  what 
his  species  really  were,  the  less  do  I  esteem  it.  I  have  waded  through 
the  introduction  of  his  work  on  the  Pyralidse,  which  is  devoted  largely 
to  disparaging  the  work  of  his  predecessors,  especially  that  of  Guenee, 
and  am  led  almost  irresistably  to  the  conclusion  that  when  an  author 
expends  a  large  amount  of  his  vital  force  in  berating  others,  he  has  so 
much  the  less  real  force  to  put  into  the  scientific  part  of  his  work. 

I  visiied  Dresden  and  Berlin  with  the  hope  that  I  should  find  some 
relics  of  the  Hiibner  or  Zincken  collections,  but  I  could  find  no  trace  of 
them,  and  am  inclined  to  believe  that  they  are  entirely  destroyed. 

However  this  may  ultimately  prc^ve,  I  believe  I  have  been  able  to 
determine  all  of  Zincken's  North  American  Crambidx-  and  nearly  all  of 
Hl'ibner's  North  American  Micros. 

There  is  one  species  of  Geyer  to  which  I  desire  to  call  the  attention 
of  our  entomologists,  and  that  is  figured  in  Hiibner's  Zutrage,  Figs.  733 
and  734,  under  the  name  of  Eucosma  tuberculana  from  Georgia,  pre- 
sumably a  Tortricid  but  I  am  verv  sure  it  is  not.  The  figure  of  it  in  the 
copy  of  the  Zutrage  in  the  Library  of  the  Huff"alo  Academy  of  Sciences, 
looks  like  a  Hvdrocampa,  but  the  figure  in  the  copv  of  the  Zutrage  in  the 
British  INIuseum  looks  more  like  Euslru/ia.  I  feel  confident  that  the  thing 
is  a  Lepidopteron,  but  be_\ond  that  I  do  not  care  to  express  a  positive 
opinion. 


— 21  I 


It  may  not  have  come  from  North  America  at  all  ! 
IMany  insects  have  been  described  as  coming  from  North  America, 
but  when  taken  out  and  examined,  the  original  label  on  tlie  pin  show's 
that  they  came  from  South  America  or  some  otiier  part  of  the  world. 
The  older  European  entomologists  had  a  very  vague  iilea  of  this  country, 
and  even  the  modern  European  entomologists  will  sometimes  make 
honest  statements  about  this  country  enough  to  make  one  gasp  as  though 
he  were  in  a  vacuum. 

Some  authors  have  described  their  insects  as  coming  from  "Georgia 
in  Florida"  and  Martyn  in  his  P.svche  in  1797  described  a  large  number 
of  well  known  IMacros  from  "New  Georgia." 

The  British  IMuseum  now  contains  three  very  important  collections 
of  Pvralids,  viz  :  those  of  Walker,  Zeller  and  Grote.  All  this  material 
offers  a  golden  o[)portunity  to  some  of  the  IMuseum  employees  to  make 
a  complete  revision  of  all  the  described  species,  both  generic  and  specific, 
for  they  are  at  present  in  almost  hopeless  condition.  If  some  one  would 
take  up  the  work  and  do  it  e.xhaustively,  taking  Lord  Walsingham's 
paper  on  the  North  American  Anaphorimv  or  Meyrick's  [  aper  on  the 
Australian  Pyralids  as  models,  a  grand  work  would  be  accomplished, 
one  that  would  cast  that  of  Lederer's  entirely  into  the  shade. 

The  study  of  all  these  types  shows  what  utter  confusion  our  Pyralids 
are  in,  and  I  wisli  to  forewarn  our  entomologists,  that  a  large  percentage 
of  our  names  now  in  use  will  have  to  go  into  synonomy.  Nearly  all  the 
names  that  I  have  myself  given  to  our  Pyralids  will  appear  only  among 
the  tail-feathers,  but  I  shall  not  feel  lonely  as  I  have  most  excellent  com- 
pany. What  we  have  known  ^sEurycreon  rantalis  will  have  to  struggle 
along  under  thirteen  different  names,  and  ivw//,?//^  (iuenee  will  take  pre- 
cedence over  all  the  others.  This  vaiiable  species  mu.i  have  delighttd 
Walker's  heart,  for  he  gave  it  no  le-s  than  seven  different  specific  names. 
Ten  years  ago  I  made  mv.^elf  familiar  with  the  North  American  Tor- 
tricida?  in  ihe  foreign  museums  and  have  now  chjiie  the  s.ime  on  die  Pv- 
ralids and  Crambids  while  Lord  Walsiiigham  has  made  us  acquaintad 
with  the  Tineids  and  Feather-wings,  and  IMons.  Ragonot  is  slowly  at 
work  on  the  Phycids.  It  now  remains  for  some  one  logo  over  the  same 
ground  and  discover  all  existing  types  of  the  Noctuids  and  Geometers 
and  get  the  bottom  facts  on  these  families.  We  shall  all  bid  God  speed 
to  Messrs.  Smith  and  Hulst  when  the}-  go  on  the  mi.ssion. 

In  economic  entomology  I  gained  not  a  single  idea.  Europeans  will 
have  to  come  to  this  country  to  learn  the  most  valuable  things  in  this  im- 
portant branch.  While  in  Berlin  I  went  to  the  Zoological  Gardens  and 
ob..erved  that  a  common  Bombycid  modi  {Ocnena  dispar)  Linn,  was 
exceedingly    abundant,    fiying    about    among    the    shade    trees  on    the 


grounds,  and  visitors  were  catching  and  feeding  ihem  to  the  monkeys. 
I  found  one  of  the  officials  and  learned  that  they  were  much  alarmed  at 
the  ravages  of  this  insect  and  were  about  to  take  active  measures  for  their 
destruction.  They  proposed  then  to  shower  the  trees  with  clear  water 
to  wash  the  moths  down  to  the  ground  where  they  could  be  crushed.  1 
asked  w  liether  thcv  had  used  poisonous  insecticides  for  the  destruction 
of  the  lar\a  but  he  said  that  they  had  not,  and  he  had  never  heard  of 
such  a  tiling.  I  suggested  that  if  they  should  liberate  the  monkeys  and 
send  them  up  into  the  trees  they  would  destroy  more  than  they  could 
wash  down. 

This  he  took  in  sober  earnest  and  explained  to  me  at  great  length 
why  the  plan  could  not  be  successful.      My  joke  was  a  failure. 

The  celebrated  Insectarium  in  the  Zoological  Gardens  in  London 
was  very  disappointing  to  me.  From  all  I  had  read  of  this  establish- 
ment I  was  expecting  to  gain  some  very  valuable  hints  on  the  best  meth- 
ods of  breeding  insects,  but  1  was  astonished  at  the  crudeness  of  the 
whole  affair. 

Finally  I  think  I  have  reason  to  feel  proud  of  my  American  breth- 
ren, both  the  svstematic  and  the  economic  workers,  and  trust  they  will 
continue  their  good  work. 

Hoping  that  you  may  have  a  successful  meeting,  I  remain. 
Yours  truly, 

C.  H.  Fernald.  " 


SYNONYMICAL    NOTES. 

By  Gho.  H.  Horn,  M.  D. 
In  a  letter  from  Dr.  E.  Bergroth,  Forssa,  Finland,  my  attention  was 
called  to  the  apparent  neglect  of  a  few  North  American  Coleoptera,  de- 
scribed by  Drapiez  in  the  "  Annales  generales  aux  Sciences  Physiques  ' 
Brussels,  1819 — 1821,  and  to  the  fact  that  the  name  of  but  one  of  them 
appears  in  the  Henshaw  !.[>{.      They  are  as  follows  : 

Mclolontha  mijiima  Drap. ,  loc.  cit. ,  Vol.  I,  p.  291,  pi.  XI,  fig.  2=^ 

Strigodertna  pygmcea  Fab. 
Lamia  catiteriator  Drap.,  loc.  cit..    Vol.  II,   p.  47,    pi.  XVI.   fig.  6, 

is  now  a  Tetraopes. 
Tenehris  stiialellus  Drap.,   loc.  cit.,    Vol.  5,    p.  327,   pi.  LXXXIII, 

fig.  5  =^  Nyc/obales  pensylvanica  De  Geer. 
Mc/olon/ha  qiiadrimaculata   Drap.,   loc.  cit..   Vol.  VII,    p.  276,    pi. 

CIX,  fig.  2  =-=  Anomala  lucicola  Fab. 
P'rom  the  synonomv  given  it  is  very  evident  why  the  names  ha.ve  not 
appeared  in  Henshaw's  List.      There   are   very  many  other  isolated  de- 
scription of  our  species  which  are  not  yet    publicly  accounted  lor,    not- 
ably in  the  writings  of  Motschulsky,  to  which  it  is  my  desire  to  give  at- 
ion  when  time  can  be  spared  from  more  serious  work. 


—  213  — 

THE  ASSOCIATION  OF  OFFICAL  ECONOMIC  ENTO 

MOLOGISTS. 


The  tendency  to  unite  for  mutual  benefit  and  interest  is  so  natural 
that  whenever  there  are  a  number  of  workers  in  the  same  field,  there  is 
a  natural  movement  in  the  direction  of  association.  The  creation  of 
Agricultural  Colleges  and  Experiment  Stations  all  over  the  country  —  as 
well  in  Canada  as  in  the  United  States  has  given  to  Economic  Entomol- 
ogy an  impulse  whose  extent  is  far-reaching  and  is  hardly  appreciated  as 
yet.  Many — in  fact  by  far  the  greater  number  of  stations  and  agricultu- 
ral colleges  have  appointed  an  entomological  officer,  and  the  increase  of 
workers  thus  caused,  has  resulted  in  a  desire  to  unite  for  mutual  benefit. 
The  proposition  for  such  a  union,  first  mooted  in  Insect  Eife  by  Dr. 
Riley,  met  with  little  expressed  favor  at  first,  but  every  individual  ap- 
pealed to  expressed  himself  favorably.  By  far  the  most  enthusiastic  on 
the  subject  was  Mr.  Eletcher,  the  able  and  energetic  Entomologist  of  the 
Dominion,  by  whose  efforts  and  after  consultation  with  Messrs  L.  O. 
Howard  and  J.  B.  Smith  a  call  was  issued  to  all  supposed  to  be  interested 
in  the  matter  for  a  meeting  to  be  held  in  Toronto,  during  the  meeting 
of  the  A.  A.  A.  S. ,  at  which  the  matter  should  be  discussed. 

Favorable  responses  were  at  once  received  from  nearly  all  states, 
and  quite  a  large  personal  attendance  was  secured.  On  the  27th  of 
August  a  lengthy  meeting  was  held  at  which  were  present  Messrs.  J. 
Fletcher,  C.  M.  Weed,  A.  J.  Cook,  J.  B.  Smith.  C.  J.  S.  Bethune,  W. 
Saunders,  L.  O.  Howard,  H.  Garman,  C.  \V.  Hargitt  and  others  not 
officially  interested.  Letters  were  read  from  a  number  of  gentlemen 
unable  to  be  present,  all  favorable  in  their  tendency,  and  expressing  a 
desire  to  join  such  an  association.  Organization  was  effected  by  the  elec- 
tion of  Mr.  Fletcher  as  Chairman,  and  Mr.  Weed  a  Secretary,  and  full 
discussion  of  the  matter  in  all  its  bearings  was  had.  A  formal  resolu- 
tion of  organization  was  passed,  and  the  following  constitution  was 
adopted. 

CONSTITUTION. 

1.  This  association  shall  be  known  as  The  Association  of  Official 
Economic  Entomologists. 

2.  Its  objects  shall  be  (i),  to  discuss  new  discoveries,  to  exchange 
experiences  and  to  carefully  consider  the  best  methods  of  work  ;  also  (2) 
to  give  an  opportunity  to  individual  workers  of  announcing  proposed 
investigations,  so  as  to  bring  out  suggestions  and  prevent  unnecessary 
duplication  of  work  ;  (3)  to  assign,  when  possible,  certain  lines  of  in- 
vestigation upon  subjects  of  general  interest.  (4)  To  promote  the  study 
and  advance  the  science  of  entomology. 


— 214  — 

3-  The  membership  shall  be  confinetl  to  workers  in  economic  ento- 
mology. All  economic  entomologists  employed  by  the  general  or  State 
Governments  or  by  the  State  Hxperimental  Stations  or  by  any  agricultu- 
ral or  horticultural  association,  and  all  teachers  of  economic  entomology 
in  educational  institutions  may  become  members  of  the  Association  by 
transmitting  proper  credentials  to  the  secretary,  and  by  authorizing  him 
to  sign  their  names  to  this  constitution.  Other  persons  engaged  in  prac- 
tical work  in  economic  entomology  may  be  elected  by  a  two-thirds  vote 
of  the  members  present  at  a  regular  meeting  of  the  Association  and  shall 
be  termed  Associate  Members.  Members  residing  outside  of  the  United 
Slates  or  Canada  shall  be  designated  Ft)reign  Members.  Associate  or 
foreign  members  shall  not  be  entitled  to  hold  office  or  to  vote. 

4.  The  officers  shall  consist  of  a  President,  two  Vice-Presidents  and 
a  Secretary,  to  be  elected  annually,  who  shall  perform  the  duties  custo- 
marily incumbent  upon  their  respective  offices.  The  Presitlent  shall  not 
hold  office  for  two  consecutive  terms. 

5.  The  annual  meeting  shall  be  held  at  such  place  and  time  as  may 
be  decided  upon  by  the  Association.  Special  meetings  may  be  called 
by  a  majority  of  the  officers,  and  shall  be  called  on  the  written  request 
of  not  less  than  five  members.  Eight  members  shall  constitute  a  quo- 
rum for  the  transaction  of  business. 

6.  The  mode  of  publication  of  the  proceedings  of  the  Association 
shall  be  decided  upon  by  open  vole  at  each  annual  meeting. 

All  proposed  alterations  or  amendments  to  this  constitution  shall 
be  referred  to  a  select  committee  of  three  at  any  regular  meeting,  and, 
after  a  report  from  such  committee,  may  be  adopted  by  a  two-thn-ds  vote 
of  the  members  present,  provided  that  a  written  notice  of  the  proposed 
amendment  has  been  sent  to  every  voting  member  of  the  Association  at 
least  one  month  prior  to  date  of  action.  [sicned]. 

On  Aug.  28th,  a  second  meeting  was  held  at  which  the  constitution 
was  formally  signed  by  those  present,  and  ilie  ft)llowing  officers  wei'e 
unanimously  elected  :  President,  Dr.  C.  V.  Riley,  of  Washington  ;  ist 
Vice-President,  Prof  S.  A.  Forbes,  of  Illinois;  2nd  Vice-President,  Prof 
A.  J.  Cook,  of  Michigan  ;  Secretary,  Prof  J.  B.  Smith  of  New  Jersey. 
The  Seci"elary  and  Mr.  Howard  were  appointed  a  Committee  to  prepare 
By-laws,  and  after  agreeing  to  meet  at  the  time  and  place  of  the  next 
meeting  of  the  Association  of  Agricultui-al  Colleges  and  Experiment 
Stations  the  Association  adjourned. 

vSo  well  started  and  in  a  field  whei"e  so  much  remains  to  be  done, 
the  Association  can  scarcely  fail  of  success  —  unless  individual  jealou- 
sies and  ambitions  cause  its  disruption. 


ON   THE  DATE  OF  PUBLICATION   OF  V^ALKER'S 
AND  ZELLERS  CRAMBID^E. 

By  Prof.  C.  H.  P'erxalu. 

Ambers',  Ma>-. 


The  dates  of  publication  of  Walker's  Crambites,  Catalogue  of  Lep- 
idoptera  Heterocera,  Part  27,  and  Zeller's  Chilonidaium  et  Crambidarum 
genera  el  species,  have  been  the  subject  of  much  inquiry  and  investiga- 
tion. 

\^^llker's  work  bears  the  date  "  March  2,  1863,"  and  this  has  gen- 
erally been  considered  the  correct  date  of  publication  until  recently. 
The  date  of  Zeller's  paper  ts  simply  1863,  but  the  month  is  not  given. 

Before  Prof.  Zeller's  death  I  wrote  to  him  about  various  entomolog- 
ical matters,  and  among  others  asked  him  to  give  me  the  exact  dale  of 
publication  of  his  paper  on  the  Craml)ids,  but  while  he  answered  all  the 
other  questions  in  my  letter  he  made  no  allusion  to  this,  and  I  could 
not  feel  sure  whether  it  was  an  oversight  on  his  part,  or  whether  he  knew 
that  his  paper  was  published  later  than  Walker's  and  did  not  care  to  say 
anything  about  the  matter. 

Zeller's  paper  was  published  as  a  part  of  a  school  programme,  and 
I  now  have  before  me  a  complete  copy  of  the  work,  including  the  pro- 
gramme and  Zeller's  paper.  The  translation  of  the  title  page  is  as  fol- 
lows :  "Programme  of  the  Public  Examination  of  the  Royal  Realschool 
at  Meserilz,  to  take  place  on  the  30th  of  March  1863,  to  which  are  in- 
vited all  friends  of  the  institution,  especially  the  parents  and  relatives  of 
all  the  pupils,  by  the  Director  Dr.  H.  Loew. 

Contents. 

1.  A  scientific  paper  by  Prof.  Zeller. 

2.  School  news  by  the  Director." 

Zeller's  paper  on  the  Crambidae  follows  this  title  page  and  the  school 
news  couiprising  eight  [)ages  follows  that. 

This  school  news  contains,  under  the  title  "Cronik,"  a  record  of  the 
principal  events  that  took  place  during  the  school  year  that  began  May 
1st,  1862,  and  ends  with  a  record  of  the  death  of  a  pupil  on  March  20, 
1863,  and  his  burial  March  23d. 

It  is  evident,  therefore,  that  this  work  must  have  been  printed  after 
March  2^d,  and  before  the  day  of  the  examination,  March  30th,  1863, 
therefore  Prof.  Zeller  would  naturally  suppose  that  Walker's  Catalogue 
which  is  dated  March  2,   1863,  was  published  before  his  paper. 

The  suspicion  that  the  dates  of  the  Museum  Catalogues  were  not 
correct  was  given  me  by  Lord  Walsingham,  and  I  at  once  wrote  to  Mr. 
Butler  who  had  the  kindness   to   examine  the  Aluseum  Records,    from 


—  2l6 — 

which  he  learned  the  following  facts  :  "  Vulume  27  of  Cat.  Lep.  Hct. 
was  ordered  printed  Feb.  14,  1863.  The  volume  was  received  from  the 
printer  and  the  price  fi.xed  on  it,  April  18,  1863."  This  date  surely  must 
be  regarded  as  the  date  of  publication,  for  it  could  not  be  considered  as 
published  till  after  it  was  printed  and  was  offered  for  sale. 

This  seems  sufficient  to  establish  the  fact  that  Zeller's  work  on  the 
Crambids  was  published  at  least  eighteen  days  before  that  of  Walker. 

From  the  same  Records  Mr.  Butler  learned  that  Part  28,  Cat.  Lep. 
Het.  bearing  the- date  of  Oct.  19,  1863,  was  not  received  from  the  printer 
and  offered  for  sale  till  Dec.  19,  1863.  and  Part  29  of  the  same  work, 
bearing  the  date  of  March  7,  1864,  was  received  from  the  printer  and 
offered  for  sale  June  25,   1864. 


Notes  and  News. 


Phytono7ntis  punctaiiis  has  made  another  start.  It  appeared  this 
year  for  the  first  time  near  Philadelphia,  all  the  local  collectors  taking  it. 
I  received  the  larva  early  this  season   from  the   north-eastern   section  of 

New  Jersey.      It  does  not  seem  to  have  done  much  damage. 

*  * 
* 

This  has  been  a  good  season  thus  far  for  fungoid  diseases  of  Insects. 
Thousands  of  larvae  of  the  Elm  Leaf  Beetle  have  been  destroyed  in  New 
Brunswick  by  such  diseases.  The  reverse  of  the  picture  is  that  potatoes 
are  suffering  worse  than  the  beetles,  and  we  are  more  fond  of  the  former 
than  we  hate  the  latter.      We  are  not  good  at  hating  anyhow  ! 

*  * 

Has  any  one  ever  noted  that  urticating  larvae  of  Lepidoptera  lose 
this  power  when  parasitized.?  A  parasitized  s{)ecimen  o{  Empretia  siini- 
ulea  was  brought  me  recently,  which  I  found  I  could  handle  with  ab- 
solute impunity. 

*  * 

Silones  hispididus  another  imported  pest  has  been  for  some  little 
time  known  as  occurring  along  the  sea  shore  ;  this  year  it  has  taken  a 
start  and  has  been  quite  commonly  taken  inland.  I  am  informed  that 
it  is  quite  abundant  near  Washington,  and  I  have  taken  it  myself  in 
some  numbers  near  New  Brunswick.      The  larva  feeds  on  the  roots  of 

clover. 

*  * 
* 

Raphiteles  maculaltis  "<NW. ,  was  bred  by  me  this  season  {xova  Pis- 
sodes  sirobt,  upon  which  it  is  an  external  parasite.  Mr.  Howard,  to 
whom  I  owe  the  determination,  says  it  has  been  heretofore  bred  only 
from  Scolytus  rugulosus. 


rigAna 


VOL.  V. 


BROOKLYN,  DECEMBER,  1889. 


NO.  12. 


NOTES  ON  THE  HABITS  OF  BUPRESTID^. 

By  Frank   H.   Chittenden. 


In  a  list  o(  the  Buprestiilaj  of  New  England  published  in  the 
present  volume  of  Entomologica  Americana  (p.  29)  the  author — jMr. 
Frederick  Blanchard — remaiks  that  many  species  noted  as  occurring  on 
the  pitch  pine  {Pimis  tigida)  and  at  the  same  time  as  breeding  in  the 
white  pine  {P.  strobus)  may  breed  indifferently  in  either. 

In  my  experience  in  collecting  Coleoptera  that  infest  these  trees,  I 
have  noticed  that  wliile  some  species  evince  a  preference — e.  g.  the  wee- 
vil Pissodes  s/rodi  for  Pintis  strobus,  or  the  longicoin  Rhagiiun  lineahwi 
for  P.  rigidd — few,  if  any,  are  restricted  to  either  tree,  but  in  the  event 
of  a  scarcity  of  the  favorite  food  plant,  will  attack  other  Conifeice. 

To  the  list  of  Buprestida;  mentionetl  in  the  article  referred  to,  as  in- 
festing either  P.  rigida  or  P.  strobus  I  add  the  following  :  Oialcophora 
virginicnsis,  breeding  m  P.  rigida,  Diccrca  punctuiala,  breeding  in  /-*. 
rigida.  and  fiequtntiiig  the  trunk  and  loiiage  of  P.  strobus,  Biiprestis 
striata,  L)reeding  in  P.  rigida,  and  Chrysoiothris  jioricola.  fiequenting /*. 
strobus. 

Unless  otherwise  stated  the  following  mentionetl  species  were  col- 
lected at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  on  the  dates  given. 

Chalcophora  virginicnsis  Drury,  C.  ti/.erta  Germar,  and  C.  fortis 
Lee,  appear  during  the  tirst  warm  days  of  May,  when  they  may  be  seen 
on  walls  and  fences  or  fl}ing  in  the  noon-day  sun.  Of  C.  liberta  I  have 
a  specimen  taken  April  3rd,  1882,  both  liberta  and  virginiensis  are 
common  in  ]May  and  June,  they  occur  also  tlirougliout  July,  and  have 
been  taken  as  late  as  August.  Fiom  what  I  have  been  able  to  learn,  it 
seems  that  these  species  disappear.  {)ractically.  at  the  end  of  July  and 
re  appear  in  the  following  Fall.      This  would  indicate  that  there  are  two 

ExrtiiioLdGiCA  Americana.     Vol.  V.  1  December,  1889. 


—  2l8  — 

broods,  one  apipearing  in  the  Spring  and  disappearing  in  July  or  August 
and  anotiier  in  the  Fall,  which  disappears  with  the  approach  of  cold 
weather.  So  f<ir  as  I  know,  there  is  no  record  of  the  hibernation  of  the 
last  brood. 

C.  virgiiiieiisis  AwA  C.  Uberta--\  have  observed  on  the  foliige  of 
white  and  pitch  |)ine  as  late  as  Oct.  loth,  and  specimens  have  lived  under 
my  care  feeding  on  tlie  needles  of  the  latter,  for  which  they  show  a  pre- 
ference, till  toward  the  close  of  No\-L-mber. 

C.  canipesiris  Sav.  —  Several  years  ago  Mr.  John  ALhurst  of  diis  city 
found  some  forty  or  hfi)'  examples  of  this  species  at  West  Hoboken,  N.  J., 
sunning  themselves  on  a  large  dead  tulip  tree.  The  species  is  also  known 
to  attack  sycamore  trees  (Knt.  .Am.,  vol.  II,  p.  71,). 

Oniitting  canipesiris  and  fiilleri  which  form  one  group,  if  not  a 
single  species,  the  remaining  species  of  the  genus  may  be  placed  in  a 
second  grouj),  which  (rom  their  known  habits,  and  close  relationship, 
we  have  good  grounds  to  ijelieve  do  not  differ  materially  from  each  other 
biologically,  but  like  liberta  anil  virginiensis  pass  the  larval  condition  in 
the  wood  of  pines  and  the  adult  stage  on  the  foliage  of  the  same  trees. 
Compared  with  Chiysobof /iris  'And  Anlhaxia  the  species  of  this  genus  are 
very  sluggish,  and  do  not  take  readily  to  flight,  Init,  hke  many  other 
Coleoptera,  when  disturbed,  fold  their  legs  and  antenuce  closely  to  their 
bodies,  and  drop  to  the  ground,  where  they  may  easily  be  captured. 

Dicerca  divaricata  Say — Fitch  in  his  third  report  on  the  insects 
of  New  York  remarks  that  the  beech  tree  is  undoubtedly  the  original 
residence  of  this  insect.  I  have  noticed  it  oftener  on  this  tree  than 
on  an\'  othcM',  but  hav^  taken  it  also  on  apple,  maple,  and  oak.  It 
appears  to  fiequent  particularly  trees  with  light  colored  trunks,,  whicli 
harmonize  well  with  the  color  of  the  insect  and  may  serve  to  protect  it 
against  detection  by  its  natural  enemies. 

D.  piigionata  Germ.  — Twc)  examples  taken  on  trunks  of  maples. 
June  5th  and  Sept.  27th. 

D.  aspcrata  Lap.  t^i  (n>ry. — Several  specimens  taken  on  dead  hick- 
ory suggest  that  the  species  may  breed  in  this  wood  as  well  as  in  oak. 
May  20th. 

D.  punciitlata  Sch. — A  living  specimen  taken  in  the  interior  of  a 
large  branch  of  Finns  rigida  Sept.  15th.  Also  occurs  quite  commonly 
on  the  leaves  and  trunks  of  Pinits  sirohtis.  Captures  on  May  loth, 
June  15th,  and  Sept.    5th-20th. 

Anlhaxia  viridifrons  Lap. — Bred  from  a  pupa  taken  from  a  dead 
branch  of  shag  bark  hickory  {Carya  alba)  May  14th.  Two  days  after 
capture   it  had  transformed   but  remained   inactive  for  nine  or  ten  days 


—  2  19  — 

artcr\Mii\l,  until  the  28lh,  wlien  it  bc^-an  moving  rapidly  arouiul  in  tlie 
biitik'  in  wiiidi  ii  was  confined 

J'"ri)ni  these  ubservations  it  may  be  conchuled  thai  the  insect  norm- 
ally passes  some  time  after  transformaticui  in  comparative  inactivity,  and 
probably  does  not  is<ue  from  the  wood  in  which  it  breeds  until  at  least 
two  weeks  after  airiving  at  maturity. 

A.  viridicornis  Sa}.  —  (3bserved  on  elm  leaves  June  iitli — iSth. 
A.  viridi/rons  is  noted  as  occurring-  on  elm  also  (Ent.  Am.  vol.  V,  p.  31). 

A.  cvanella  Gory — I3red  from  chestnut  twigs.  May  iith. 

A.  quercata  Fab.  —  Observed  on  lea\es  of  chestnut  and  chestnut 
oak  during  June  and  July. 

Yox  convenience  I  have  assumed  that  the  species  of  Anthaxia  above 
mentioned  are  distinct,  though  there  are  good  reasons  for  the  belief  that 
viridi/rons  and  viridicornis  are  se.xes  of  a  single  species,  and  cvanella  and 
quercata  constitute  in  like  manner  another  species. 

Chrysobothris  feniorata  Fab. — To  the  list  of  half  a  dozen  trees 
noted  as  being  infested  by  this  species  I  add  hickory,  having  cut  the 
imago  from  the  larval  passages  in  the  wood.  It  was  taken  during  the 
past  season  at  Siaten  Island  on  a  log  of  white  birch,  May  17th  and  I 
have  no  doubt  it  breeds  in  this  wood  also. 

C.  deniipes  Germ.  —From  the  uniformity  and  frequency  of  the  oc- 
currence of  this  insect  on  pines,  it  is  doubtfid  if  it  breeds  m  any  but 
coniferous  trees,  although  Harris  (Ins.  Inj.  to  Veg.  p.  49)  states  that  it 
inhabits  the  trunk  of  oaks! 

C  sex-signafa  Say. — One  specimen  cut  from  a  beech  tree  in  which 
it  had  bred.  In  the  list  previously  referred  to  (p.  31)  this  species  is 
mentioned  as  having  been  beaten  from  pitch  pine. 

C.  azurea  Lee.  —Taken  by  INI r.  A  C.  Weeks  on  dead  sumach  {Rhus 
toxicodendron)  on  Long  Island  and  Staten  Island,  N.   V.  in  |une. 

Acnneodera  culta  Web,  like  other  species  of  the  family  is  peculiarly 
a  sun  beetle.  I  have  repeatedly  e.xannned  the  flowers  of  Geranium  ma- 
culatuni  in  die  shade  without  ever  discovering  a  single  specimen,  while 
the  tiowers  th.U  were  e.xposed  to  the  sun  fairly  swarmed  with  the  little 
beetles.  They  eat  the  petals  ol  this  plant  and  of  the  wild  rose  also.  June 
and  ]ulv. 

Agrilus  egenus  Gory. — Hred  in  great  numbers  from  the  twigs  and 
smaller  branches  of  the  common  locust  tree  {Robittia  pseudacacia).  The 
larva"  form  mines  under  the  bark,  eating  both  baik  and  wood.  Some 
little  time  is  required  by  the  imago  to  issue  from  the  wood.  On  one  oc- 
casion, May  Sth,  many  specimens  were  observed  with  their  heads,  and 
in  some  cases,  thorax  and  anterior  legs  projecting  Ax)m  the  bark,  and 
some  were  still  to  be  seen  in  that  position  two  days  later.    Of  the  beetles 


breeding  in  continemenl  tAO  were  found  dead  as  early  as  April  21st,  a 
larva  was  taken  as  late  as  May  4lh  and  a  pupa  was  placed  in  alcohol 
May  22cl.  The  aduli  insects  feed  upon  the  leaves  of  tlie  locust.  Latest 
capture  was  un  June  21st. 

Brac/ivs  ova/d  Web. — Mines  tiie  leaves  of  oaks.  I  have  seen  one 
specimen  lued  from  an  oak  leaf. 

B.  u rusi!   Melsh. — Occurs  commonly  on  elms. 

My  oWservations  on  the  following  species  coincide  substantially  with 
Mr.  Elanchard's  list.  Dicerca  hirida  Fab.,  under  stones  in  early  spring. 
Chrysobothris  scabn'pennis  Lap.  &  (lOry  on  white  pine  in  May  and  June. 
Eupristoceriis  cogiians  Web.  on  alder,  Agrilus  bilineatiis  Web.  and  A. 
interruplns  Lee.  on  oak,  antl  A.  Juilitus  on  willow. 


Cryptocephalini  found  on  Ceanothus  Americanus. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  some  of  the  species  of  Cryptocephalini 
taken  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  in  July  on  the  New  Jersey  tea  plant  (Ceanothus 
americanus).  Babia  4-guttata  Oliv. ,  Bassareus  inammifer  Newra., 
Cryptocephalus  4-macuIaius  Sa\-,  C.  binominis  Newm.,  C.  quadruplcx 
Newm.,  C.  venustus  Fab.,  C  mutabilis  Melsh.,  Pachybrachys  othonus 
Say,  P.  trinotaius  Melsh.,  P.  sobn'nus  Hald.,  P.  luridus  Fab.,  P.  in- 
faushis  Hald.,  P.  femoratus  Oliv.,  P.  subfasciaius  Hald.,  P.  tridens 
Hald.  (one  specimen).  Babia  4-guttata  occurred  in  ct)nsiderable  num- 
bers on  the  leaves,  which  they  had  devoured  quite  badly  ;  of  the  other 
species,  some  were  found  on  the  leaves,  some  on  tiie  flowers,  and  man\' 
were  observed  on  all  parts  of  the  plant. 

INIany  otiier  Coleopteia  frequent  C.  aiucricatius,  among  others  many 
species  of  IMordellidce,  Malachiida;  and  CistelidLie.  Cistela  sericea  Say, 
ofien  occurs  in  such  numbers  as  to  almost  exclude   all   other  species. 

F.  IL  C. 


A    Stridulating   Carabid. 

Having  recently  set  n  a  statement  that  Cychrus,  Nomaretus  and 
Harpalus  among  the  Carabidx'  of  this  country  are  known  to  stiidulate, 
I  may  add  to  the  list,  Oinopkron.  During  the  past  season  I  have  re- 
peatedly observed  the  habit  in  O.  americanum,  Dej.  and  I  have  no 
doubt  that  many  other  genera  will  be  found  to  have  stridulating  habits,, 
if  collectors  will  only  be  careful  to  observe  them  before  consigning  them 
to  the  alcohol  or  cvanide  bottle. 

F.  H.  C. 


221- 


A  X'ulnerable   "New  Species." 
By  Eugenk   M.   Aakon. 


In  his  "Contributions  to  Science,"  Vol.  I,  No.  2,  July  1889,*  Mr. 
Cbas.  |.  Maynard,  the  author  of  the  "Butterflies  of  New  Enghind."  de- 
scribes as  a  new  species  an  extreme  form  o^  Agraulis  vanilLe,  which  has 
long  been  recognized  by  collectors  as  commonest  in  the  West  Indies. 
This  description,  under  the  name  o'i  A.  insularis,  affords  an  interesting 
instance  of  what  can  be  done  in  the  creation  of  new  species  if  one  as- 
sumes that  an  extreme  form  is  a  constant  one,  and  then  advances  to  the 
work  without  sufficient  acquaintance  with  the  literature,  already  sufiici- 
entlv  full. 

The  following  remarks  from  this  description  are  quoted  as  pertinent 
to  this  paper  : 

"  I  can  find  no  description  of  any  species  ol Agraulis  from  the  West 
Indies,  and  Kirby  does  not  even  give  vani/Le  as  occuring  there.''  *  *  * 

"General  pattern  of  coloration  similar  to  that  of^.  vani/Le,  but  the 
ground  culor  is  paler,  the  size  smaller,  and  the  wings  are  broader  in  pro- 
portion to  the  length."  *  * 

"Dimensions:  (j^ /;/5?^/ar/s,  spread  of  wings,  2.40  ;  primaries,  1.20 
long  by  .65  wide;  secondaries,  .75  long  by  .78  wide.  Antennae,  .60 
long.  Length  of  body,  includmg  head  and  palpi,  .80.  9'  spread  of 
wings,  2.50;  primaries,   1.35  by    80;  secondaries,  .80  by  80." 

"Average  f(/;//7/<r?  :  (^,  spread  of  wings.  3.00;  size  of  primaries, 
1.60  by  .80;  secondaries  i.oo  by  .80.  Antennce,  .70.  Length  of 
body,  1.20.  Q  .  spread  of  wings,  3.40.  Primaries,  1.60  by. 80;  sec- 
ondaries, 1.20  by  I. CO."  *  *  * 

''Insularis  differs  from  it  {vanillce)  in  being  paler,  in  having  the  two 
inner  .^iiois  in  ihe  centr;d  cell  fused  together,  these  being  separate  in 
vanilLc,  and  in  having  only  two  white  dots  in  the  lowest  spot.  '  *  *  * 

.Alluding  to  the  dimensions  :  "This  is  especially  discernible  in  the 
secondaries,  which  are  not  only  as  broad  as  they  are  long,  but  are  some- 
times actually  wider  than  long,  whereas  in  vanillce  the  reverse  is  the  case 
and  ilie  secondaries  are  always  narrower  than  long.    *  * 

"Yet  I  have  never  seen  a  specimen  (vanillce)  east  of  the  Gulf 
Stream." 

Accom[ianying  this  description  is  a  plate,  seemingly  photo-engraved 
and  Colored  by  hand,  giving  figures  of  typical   (^  insularis  and  (^  vanil- 


Received  at  the  Philadcl[ilHa  Academy  of  Sciences,  Oct.  loth,  iJ 


—  222  — 

Ice,  above  and  beneath,  and  the  chrysah's  ^j{  die  latter.  These  are  suffi- 
ciently accurate  to  identify  either  or  both  as  v mi/hs  but  not  sufficiently 
exact  to  serve  to  clearly  illustrate  the  very  minute  differences  on  which 
this  species  depends  for  its  future  life. 

Taking  the  above  questions  in  their  order,  we  first  come  to  the  very 
remarkable  statement  that  our  author  can  find  "no  description  of  any 
species  o^  Agraulis  from  the  West  Indies."  Such  Fathers  of  our  Science 
as  Linne,  Fabricius  and  Cramer,  credited  vatii/Le  to  "America"  in 
general:  and  Linne  quotes  it  as  from  Georgia  and  from  Surinam.  Bois- 
duval  and  Leconte  say  :  "It  also  inhabits  the  Antilles  and  nearly  all  o( 
South  America."  Passing  by  the  median  ground  of  such  authors  as  La 
Sagra,  Herrich-Schaefter,  Geyer,  Poey,  et  al,  all  of  whom  have  referred 
vajiilLe  to  the  Antilles,  we  come  to  such  recent  writers  as  Bates,  who  in 
his  "  Nymphalinai  of  the  Amazon  Valley",  (Journal  of  Entomology, 
No.  4,  June  1864),  sa\s  of  vanill(£  :  "This  well-known  and  very  com- 
mon species  has  the  widest  range  of  all  the  members  of  the  Cahvnis  and 
Agraidis  groups,  being  found  throughout  Brazil,  and  as  far  north  as  the 
Southern  States  of  Nurdi  America,  including  the  West  Lidies. ''  Fol- 
lowing him,  Butler,  m  his  indispensible  work  on  the  Fabrician  types  in 
the  British  Museum  reiterates  this  wide  extent  of  its  range.  In  his  "An- 
notated Catalogue  of  the  Diurnal  Lepidoptera  of  the  Island  of  Cuba," 
Senor  Don  Juan  Gundlach,  (Papilio,  Vol.  I,  pp.  1 1  i-i  i  5, )  gives  7w;////u' 
a  place  in  the  rich  fauna  of  that  island,  where  it  is  well  known  to  col- 
lectors to  be  not  uncommon.  And  to  end  with  Kirby,  our  author  not- 
withstanding, does  give  vanillcp,  as  occurring  in  the  West  Indies  in  the 
very  comprehensive  habitat  "Georgia  ad  Brazilian!." 

Inuring  a  residence  of  several  }ears  in  East  Tennessee  Agraidis  va- 
ni/'he  was  observed  h\  me  to  be  one  of  the  commonest  species  in  diat 
region  and  as  it  was  one  of  the  haidiesi  it  was  raised  by  me  in  greater 
numbers  than  any  other  buitcrlly.  This  experience  taught  tne  that  there 
was  a  very  considerable  range  of  variation  in  the  relative  proportion  of 
darker  scales  which  make  up  the  spots  and  marks,  and  in  the  nacre 
scales  which  beneath  give  it  the  silvery-spotted  character.  There  was 
also  a  considerable  variation  in  the  size  and,  I. now  notice  on  looking 
through  some  of  this  material,  also  a  variation  in  the  proportions  of  the 
wmgs,  the  females  inclining  to  greater  robustness  in  this  particular. 

Tabulating  the  differences  pointed  out  by  Mr.  jNIaynard  as  distin- 
guishing these  two  species  we  have  the  following  : 


—  223  — 


Chakacters. 

Vanillcc. 

Insii/aris. 

I    Ground  Color  :.        ... 

Paler. 

2    Size  : 

Smaller. 

3.   Proportionate  breadtli 

Always  narrower 
than  \w\sg. 

Broad  as  long. 

4.   Inner  spots  111  cell  of 
primaries  : . 

Separated. 

Fused. 

5.   NLunher  of  white  dots 

ui  same  cell  :   ...... 

Three. 

Two. 

6.   Habitat  : 

West  of  Gulf  Stieam. 

East  of  Gulf  Stream. 

Now  let  us  with  a  considerable  material  before  us  question  these 
characters,  and  see  whether  they  are  of  such  nature  as  to  warrant  their 
being  elevated  into  the  specific  ranks.  First,  as  to  ground  color.  No 
one  should  know  better  than  our  author,  who  has  travelled  and  collected 
over  a  large  extent  of  territory,  the  illusiveness  of  this  character.  As  a 
matter  of  fact  his  plate  fails  to  show  an}-  difference  in  the  general  shade 
of  the  two  species  and  our  comparisons  of  a  large  series  covering  a 
wide  geographical  range  points  out  the  fact  that  while  the  West  Indies 
seem  to  afford  a  greater  number  of  pale  males  and  less  suffused  females 
the  United  States  also  furnishes  no  inconsiderable  number.  The  palest 
specimen  we  have  yet  seen  is  a  ^  in  the  collection  of  the  American  En- 
tomological Society  from  Georgia.  Oddly  enough  the  most  brilliant 
and  deepest  tmted  specimen  in  that  collection  is  from  those  taken  by 
Dr.  Abbott  at  Samana  Bay,  Hayii. 

Second,  as  to  the  relative  size.  While  our  author's  plate  shows  an 
even  greater  variation  than  his  text  would  indicate  in  this  particular,  and 
while  it  is  evident  that  there  is  a  considerable  difference  in  this  particular 
and  in  the  outline  of  the  wings  if  the  two  forms  are  constant,  here  again 
it  is  found  that  the  intergrades  are  a  formidable  factor — predominate  in 
fact,  the  extreme  forms  being  unusual  either  on  the  main  land  or  the 
islands.  A  lot  of  starved  larvae  of  vanillcB  turned  out  a  lot  of  males  in 
Tennessee  in  1877,  which  on  an  average  measure  considerably  less  than 
the  dimensions  given  for  msiilaris.  The  effect  of  such  a  climate  as  holds 
in  the  Greater  Antilles  on  both  the  size  and  suffusion  of  markings  of  a 
species  has  already  been  fully  pointed  out  by  me  in  Papilio,  Vol.  4, 
pp.  26—30. 


224 

In  the  third  case,  we  find  the  proportionate  dimensions  of  the  wings 
relied  upon  as  another  character  on  which  lids  species  is  to  be  based. 
All  Lepidopterists  must  know  that  ihis  is  a  very  variable  feature  ;  one 
that  can  at  times  be  relied  upon  as  pointing  out  the  sex,  but  never  a  se- 
cure foothold  for  the  student  of  species  in  the  Rhopalocera.  In  some 
species  the  seasonal  broods  vary  considerably  in  this  particular,  but  even 
then  it  is  not  a  safe  guide,  as  only  by  the  careful  measurement  of  thou- 
sands of  specimens  would  it  be  safe  to  declare  the  *•  average"  of  any 
form.  This  whole  question  of  relative  proportions  has  been  treated  of 
over  and  again,  but  no  one  has  done  it  in  a  neater  manner  than  has  Prof 
S.  H.  Peabody,  wlm,  in  the  Canadian  Entomologist,  (Vol.  8  pp.  141-148,) 
comments  on  the  genera  of  Mr.  Scudder's  "Systematic  Revision."  He 
thus  sums  up  the  question  :  "  Can  they  mean  that  any  difference  which 
can  be  formulated  in  the  ratio  of  length  to  breadth  in  the  same  part,  or 
of  length  of  one  part  to  length  of  another  part,  is  a  difference  of  ulti- 
mate structure.'  *  *  Does  this  principle  extend  through  Zoology.''  Is 
Gen.  Sheridan,  who  is  short  and  stout,  and  who,  according  to  President 
Lincoln,  can  scratch  his  ankle  without  stooping,  generically,  different 
from  Gen.  Sherman,  who  is  tall  and  slender,  and  whose  ankles  are  evi- 
dently out  of  his  reach  ?" 

Now  for  the  markings.  The  fourth  character  consists  of  separated 
spots  in  the  interior  pair  in  the  cell  of  the  primaries  of  v.inillix,  while  in 
insularis  they  are  fused.  It  is  the  fusion  of  such  spots  or  bands  that 
forms  our  common  black  variety  of  Papilio  iiiniiis-glaticiis.  Meianism 
has  long  been  too  well  understood  as  an  aberrant  or  at  best  varietal  dis- 
position on  the  part  of  inany  butterflies  to  merit  its  elevation  to  a  speci- 
fic character  from  so  slight  an  example  of  its  display  as  liere  afforded. 
At  most  these  spots  o'ivanilhB  have  but  to  thicken  to  a  one-half  greater 
radius  and  they  have  joined.  The  pale  specimen,  already  alluded  to  as 
from  Georgia,  has  not  only  these  two  spots  fused,  l)ut  the  black  scales 
thicken  and  run  along  the  lower  margin  of  the  cell,  join  the  two  outer 
spots,  which  are  also  fused,  in  a  loop  and  ihen  these  four  are  joined  to 
the  outer  and  upper  of  the  tliree  spots  usually  found  across  the  disk. 
Thus  they  form  a  rude,  tip-tilted,  written  letter  Y. 

As  a  fifth  consideration  of  importance  we  have  the  fact  ofHered  that 
in  insularis  there  are  hut  two  white  dots  in  the  four  spots  contained  in 
the  cell  of  the  primaries  while  in  vanilla;  the  lower  of  the  inner  two  is 
also  pupilled,  making  three  spots  in  that  species.  Were  Mr.  INIaynard 
a  resident  of  this  vicinity  we  should  much  like  to  show  him  insularis, 
tv[)ical  in  this  respect,  from  Tennessee  and  the  North  Carolina  mountains. 
But  a  hasty  glance  through  the  specimens  at  our  disposal  shows  that  the 
two  spotted  form  is  as  liable  to   turn   up   from   Brazil,    Mexico.    Ha^'ti, 


—  225 — 

Cuba,  New  Grenada,  or  our  Southern  Slates.  It  is  as  vain  to  hope  for 
constancy  in  this  particular  as  it  is  in  the  suffusion  of  the  already  closely 
placed  spots.  Every  possible  form  from  one  very  faint  white  ocellus  to 
four  distinctly  marked  ocelli  may  be  found.  In  some  of  the  black 
spots,  which  to  the  naked  eye  seem  devoid  of  any  trace  of  ocelli,  the 
pocket  lens  will  show  an  occasional  white  scale  ;  present  as  a  veritable 
mocker  at  the  stabdity  of  "msu/an's,  n  sp." 

The  sixth  characteristic,  if  such  it  mav  be  termed,  viz  :  habitat, 
has  already  been  exploded  by  what  we  have  said  c)f  the  authorities  who 
have  given  tkiniUce  a  home  in  the  Antilles.  To  that  list  might  be  added 
such  well  known  catalogues  as  Dr.  Strecker's  "Butterflies  and  Moths  of 
North  America,"  and  Mr.  Scudder's  "Synonymic  List  of  American 
Nymphales."  Both  of  these  authors  give  the  Antilles  as  a  habitat  for 
vanilLe,  as  does  also  Snellen  in  his  report  on  the  Diurnals  found  on  the 
Island  of  Curacao,  in  the  Tidschrift  voor  Entomologie,  Vol.  '^o,  p.  20. 
One  naturally  wonders  who  the  authors  were  that  Mr.  Mavnard  con- 
sulted on  this  subject,  when  such  well  known  and  constantly  used  works 
of  reference  were  overlooked.  There  are  four  species  of  the  Agrau/is 
group  that  are  known  to  have  been  found  in  the  West  Indies. 

Before  closing  this  paper  it  will  be  of  interest  and  will  still  further 
show  the  uncertain  condition  of  this  "new  species"  to  offer  a  few  notes 
on  some  of  the  more  remarkable  specimens  over  which  I  have  looked  in 
preparing  this  paper.  Two  specimens  from  "  Hacilada  de  Bledos ", 
Mexico,  (Dr.  Palmer)  have  unusually  bright  red  coloring  and  deep 
markings,  but  they  also  have  the  insiilaris  measurements  In  one  of 
these  there  is  a  pupil  in  both  of  the  inner  cell-spots,  and  none  whatever 
in  either  of  the  outer.  Two  specimens  from  New  Grenada,  in  the  Titian 
R.  Peale  collection,  have  but  one  white  spot  ;  in  general  color  thev  are 
insularis,  but  in  measurements  and  proportions  they  are  vanilke.  Two 
frcMii  the  Island  of  St.  Thomas  and  three  from  Cuba  (all  in  the  Peale 
collection)  are  all  of  the  vanillie  form.  In  the  St.  Thomas  specimens 
there  is  a  tendency  to  entire  obljteration  of  the  ocelli.  One  of  the  speci- 
mens from  Cuba  ("from  Ramon  de  la  Sagra,  1833")  has  3  ocelli,  and 
another  from  the  same  island  is  a  typical  vanillce  in  every  particular. 
A  specimen  from  Guanoxuato,  Mexico  ("Prof  Millington,  1835")  has 
the  inner  spots  apart  more  than  their  own  width.  Beneath  it  is  peculiar 
in  that  it  has  the  outer  spots  in  cell  fused  into  a  large  tripartate  nacre 
spot  with  a  black  inter-bordering.  A  specimen  from  San  Domingo 
(Frazar)  though  of  the  ifisularis  form  has  the  inner  two  spots  not  only 
widely  separated,  but  has  the  lower  one  nearly  wanting,  thus  presenting 
the  very  opposite  of  fusion. 

Entomologica  Americj^na.     Vol.  V.  2  Decembek,  1889. 


—  226 

"The  King  is  dead  !  Long  live  ihe  King  !"'  canied  hope  and  joy  to 
many  licarts.  Noc  so,  "The  new  species  is  dead  ;  long  live  the  syno- 
nym "  pL'ihaps  no  feature  of  the  study  of  entomology  carries  greater 
terrors  with  it  than  does  the  mastery  of  the  overburdened  synonymy. 
-Many  a  good  student  and  capable  naturalist  has  turned  away  from  it  all 
in  disgust  and  what  has  been  the  gain  of  some  other  science  has  been 
our  loss.  All  of  which  teaches  the  lesson  that  should  be  ever  before  us 
— there  are  many  writings  of  the  Fadiers  in  Entomology  to  be  searched 
through,  large  public  and  private  collections  to  be  examined,  and  an 
enormous  mass  of  current  literature  to  be  mastered  before  it  is  sale  to 
s.iy  that  at  present  less  than  one  half  the  species  described  in  the  last  ten 
years  outside  of  Africa,  are  likely  to  maintain  their  specific  validity,  and 
no  inconsiderable  portion  of  these  new  species  are  built  on  synomical 
piles  that  are  already  reared  nigh  unto  toppling. 

In  closing  I  wish  to  stnte  where  the  names  of  vanillcc  and  insukiris 
are  used  herein,  they  are  used  in  the  sense  employed  by  ^Ir.  ^Maynard. 
There  is  no  doubt  in  my  mind  that  it  was  the  insular  form,  in  an  ex- 
treme departure,  that  was  originally  used  as  the  type  of  vaiiiUcB  and  it  is 
that  which  should  be  known  as  such.  If  it  is  thought  best  to  separate 
as  a  variety  our  North  American  continental  extreme  form,  that  should 
be  q'A\q(\  passiflorLe,  as  was  done  by  Fabricius  in  1793. 


FOOD-PLANTS  OF  LEPIDOPTERA,  No.  12. 

(Samia  Cynthia  Dr.) 
By  William  Beutenmuller. 


Rutacese. 

Ptelea  trifoliata  L.    (Hop  Tree). 
Phellodendrc^n  amurensis  Rup. 

Ilicinese. 

Ilix  opaca  Ait.    (American  Holly). 

Simarubeae. 

Ailanthus  glandulosus  Desf. 

Magnoliaceas. 

Liriodendron  tulipifera  L.    (Tulip  Tree). 

Berberideae. 

Berberis  vulgaris  L.    (Barberry). 


—  2  2  7 

Tiliaceae. 
Tilia  aniericana   L.    (Basswood). 
"     pubescens  Ait. 
"     European   (European  Linden). 
Sapindaceae. 
Acer  pseudoplatanus  Linn.    (iMa{)le). 
Rosaceae. 
Primus  serotina  Ehrh.    (Wild  Black  Cherry). 
"        Virginiana  L.    (Choke  Clierr}'). 
''        domestica  Z.    (CuUivated  Plum). 
Spireaj  sp. 

Hamamelideae. 

Liquidambar  styraciflua  L.    (Sweet  Cnun). 

Cornaceas. 
Cornus  stolonifera  Alichx. 

"        florida  L.    (Flowering  Dog-wood). 
Laurineae. 
Sassafras  officinale  A^ees.    (Sassafras). 
Lindera  Benzoin  Meis.    (Spice-bush). 
Caprifoliaceae. 
\'iburnum   Lentago  L.    (Nanny-berry,  Sheep-berry). 
Euphorbiaceae. 
Ricinus  communis  (Castor-oil  Plant). 
In  addition  to  the  above  list   of  food-plants  of  Samia  cynlhia,    the 
species  has  also  been  recorded  to  feed  upon  various  other   plants.      But 
as  the  list  only  contains  such  plants  of   my    own    observations,    the  fol- 
lowing were  omitted  :  Rhus  (Sumac),  Anagallis  (Pimpernel),   Lonicera 
(Honey  suckle),     Euonynnus  (Spindle  Tree),     Cclastriis  scandens  (Bitter- 
sweet),   Solix  (Willow),  and  Celery. 


Society  News. 


Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.  Sept.  3id,  1S89.  Nine  membt- is  ]Mi-?eiit. 
President  Casey  in  the  chair.  The  loan  by  Prof.  Julius  E.  JNleyer  o(  his  Fine  collection 
ot'  Lepidoptera,  the  result  01  some  thirty  years  of  lal)or,  to  the  Institute,  was  reported. 
Capt.  Casey  related  incidents  of  recent  collecting  of  StapJiylinidi^,  Pselaphiihv  and 
Scydmanida:  '\v\  Rhode  Island,  particularly  with  reference  io  Eiuesthetus  7iV\A  Trogo- 
phlaiis,  the  O  O  of  the  former  genus  exhibiting  clearly  defined  specific  differences — 
proving  the  correctness  of  the  species  lately  described  by  liim.  Discus-ion  followed 
on  the  habits  and  metliods  of  collecting  minute  Colcopteia,  in  which  Messrs.  Casey, 
Chittenden  and  Weeks  took  part. 


—  228  — 

Mr.  Aiii^elnian  exhibited  a  specimen  of  Prionidus  cristalns  iciiown  as  the  "wheel 
bug,"  tlien  occLining  in  tiie  New  Jereey  peach  orchards. 

Mr.  Doll  exhibitetl  a  hermaphrodite  >pecimen  oi  Callosamia  promelhta,  the  right 
pair  of  wings  and  the  right  antenna  being  those  of  the  Q  and  the  left  of  the  (^  except 
a  lectangular  blotch  or  break  on  the  secondary  disclosing  the  marking  and  coloration 
of  the  y.     The  maculation  of  the  Q  prevailed  beneath. 

Mr.  Weeks  read  a  paper  entitled  "  H(jw  to  catch  battel  flies,"  indicating  the 
method  of  capiurnig  them  intact  by  the  use  of  a  large  net  and  appropriate  cyanide 
jar.     After  general  discission  the  niettin^'  adjourned. 

*  * 

October  i,  1889. —  Meeting  at  Bruoklyn  Institute.  16  persons  present.  Presi- 
dent Ca>ey  presiding.  Messrs.  H.  S.  Woodman,  Julius  E.  Meyer,  VV.  C.  Wood  and 
Rev.  J.  L.  Zabri-.kie  were  elected  members  of  the  Entomological  Department.  Mr. 
Weeks  stated  the  percentage  of  certain  lepidopterous  hirvre  destroyed  by  Tac/iina,  so 
far  as  his  experience  went,  to  be  about  66.  Prof.  Smith  noted  the  remarkable  spread 
ihxi  ye-AY  oi  Fhytonoiniis  puiii  talus  ;  the  reported  locahties  in  New  Jersey  in  which 
the  17-year  locust  had  appeared  ;  the  increase  of  Sitones  kispidii/iis,  upon  clover 
roots,  and  the  importation  of  a  cattle  fly,  and  also  related  his  experience  in  collecting 
from  the  surface  of  water  during  the  process  ot  flooding  a  cranberry  bog.  Insects  in 
great  numbers  of  many  species  appeared  where  nothing  was  previously  visible. 
Podurids  covered  the  surface  so  densely  that  Staphy/inidir,  ScydmanidtE,  Fselaphidce, 
Carabidic,  Coccinellidcv,  and  other  families  were  supported  by  them.  A  favorable 
wind  finally  lilevv  the  floating  mass  to  an  angle  in  the  shore  where  it  gathered  in  a 
heap  and  rendered  collecting  easy  and  profitable.  Mr.  Palm  expressed  his  opinion 
relative  to  collecting  in  Northern  Germany.  Dr.  Zabriskie  had  observed  Corixa  at- 
tracted by  light  and  entering  the  room  through  a  window  screen.  Mr.  BeutenmuUer 
had  taken  what  he  supposed  to  be  Eiiphcuu-ssa  miridiana,  natural  habitat  Elorida, 
and  also  described  the  difference  between  the  larva;  of  Ca/losaniia  angiilifera  and  C. 
prouu'thea.  Capt.  Ca-ey  gave  blackboard  illustrations  showing  the  structural  differ- 
ences of  the  secondary  sexual  characters  of  Steniis  and  Eiuvsthetus,  a  specimen  of 
which  latter  Mr.  Weeks  exhibited.  Prof.  Smith  commented  upon  the  importance  of 
sexual  characters  as  a  basis  of  determination.     Adjourinnent 

*  * 
* 

Novembers,  1889. --Meeting  at  Brooklyn  Institute.  17  persons  present.  Pre- 
sident Casey  presiding.  Minutes  of  October  meeting  approved.  The  following 
persons  were  elected  to  membership  in  this  department  :  H.  S.  Harbeck,  N.  Y.  City; 
H.  F.  Wickham,  Iowa  City,  la.  ;  John  Akhurst,  Brooklyn  ;  George  E.  Ashby, 
Brooklyn,  and  Col.  Nicholas  Pike,  Brooklyn. 

Mr.  Neumoegen  opened  scientific  discussion  by  reading  descriptions  and  exhibit- 
ing specimens  of  Parnassius  smintheus,  var.  nanus  ;  Arclia  dieckii  n.  sp.,  British 
Columbia  ;  Ira  gundlachiana  n.  sp.  S.  E.  Cuba  ;  Sphingicainpa  bisecta,  var.  nebulosa, 
n.  var.,  and  Iloraniajalapensis  n.  sp.  of  Mexico,  and  further  exhibited  (^  and  9 
specimens  of  Ornithoptera  victoria  from  the  Solomon  Isles,  Armandia  thaitina  and 
liddalii,  and  other  rare  species  of  exotic  Lepidoptera.  Discussion  by  Messrs.  Graef, 
Hulst  and  Smith. 

Mr.  Smith  continued  scientific  discussion  by  presenting  a  proposed  revision  of  the 
North  American  Agrotids  based  upon  structural  differences. 

Discussion  by  Messrs.  Graef,  Hulst,  Hooper,  and  Smith. 

A.  C.  Weeks,  Ric.  Sec. 


INDEX   TO   AUTHORS  AND    SUBJECTS. 


Aaron,  Eugene  M. 

A  vulneraiile  new  species  221 

Angell,  Geo.  W.  J. 

A  curious  deformity  in  Cychrus  144: 

Angelman,  John  B. 

Notes  on  Zeuzera  pyrina  Fabr.  28 

Ashmead,  Wm.   H. 

A  generic  synopsis  of  the  Fulgoridtu 
(cont'd  from  Vol.  IV,  p.  141)  121 

A  generic  synopsis  of  the  Bythoscop- 
ida;  125 

A  generic  synopsis  of  the  Aphidid?e 
185 

Association  of  Official  Economic  En- 
tomologists 164 

Constitution  213 

Beutenmuller,  Wm. 

Un  Nortli  American  TineidiT;  9 
Chambers'  corrections  to  his  paper  on 

the  ilhistrations  of   the  neuration  of 

the  wings  of  American  Tineichie  37 
Descriptions   of  some    Lepidopterous 

iarvre  38 
Preparatory   stages   of  Caiiosamia  an- 

gulifera  Walk.'  2()0 

Blanchard,  Frederick. 

A  li>t  ol  the  Uuprestid;!;  of  New  Eng- 
land 29 

Note  on  Fornax  calceatus  Say,  and  F. 
hornii  Bon  v.,  and  on  Corymliites 
divancatus  Lee.  and  C.  crassus  Lee. 
139 
Books  and  pamphlets  received,  reports 
on  20,  40 

Book  Notices  19,  142,  143,  162 

Brendel,  Dr.  Emil. 

Descript  ons  of  new  ScydmKnidie  and 
Pselaphidte  193 

Bruce,  David. 

Nemeophila  pjantaginis  Linn.   112 

Casey,  Thomas  L. 

Notes  on  the  Prederini  182 

Chittenden,  Frank  H. 

Notes  on  the  habits  of  Buprestidte  217 
Cryptocephaiini   found   on  Ceanothus 

americanus  220 
A  stridulating  Carabid  220 

Cockerel,  T.   D.   A. 

On  the  origin  of  the  genus  Anthoca- 
ris  Bdv.  33 


The  larva  of  Gnopha'la  vermiculata 
G.  &  R.  57 

Davis,  William  T. 

List  of  theOrihoptera  found  on  Staten 
Island   78 

Dyar,  Harrison  G. 

Preparatory  stages  of  Dasylophia  an- 

guina  Sm.  Abb.   55 
Preparatory    stages    of  Janassa  ligni- 

color  Walk.  91 
Correspondence  144 
Description  of  the  larva  of  Sphinx  lus- 

citiosa  Clemens  189 

Editorial  Notes  99 

Entomological  Club  A.  A.  A.  S. 

Report  of  Proceedings  201 

Entomologists  of  the  Hatch  Experi- 
ment Stations  of  the  various  States 
and  Territories  59,  142 

Fernald,  Chas.  H. 

North  American  Microlepidoptera  18 
Letter    before    Ass'n  Economic  Ento- 
mologists 209 
On  the  date  of  publication  of  Walker's 
and  Zeller's  Crambidce  215 

Grote,  Aug.  R. 

Note  on  Zeiizera  pyrina  7 

Henshaw,  Samuel. 

Second  supplement  to  the  list  of  Co- 
leoptera  of  America,  North  of  Mexi- 
co 127 

Holland,  Rev.  W.  J. 
Correspondence  35 

Horn,  Dr.  Geo.  H. 
A  reclamation  122 
Notes  on  Heterocerus  142 
Synonymical  Notes  198,  212 

Hulst,  Rev.  Geo.  D. 

The  Epipaschiinse  of  North  America 
41,  61 

To  free  breeding  cages  from  disease 
germs  58 

The  eggs  and  larvee  of  Cerathosia  tri- 
color Smith  118 

Notes  on  the  catalogue  of  Phycitida; 
and  Galleriidai  of  North  America  by 
Mr.  Ragonot  155 

Jiilich,  Wm, 

Two  beetles  new  to  the  N.  A.  fauna  56 


INDEX   TO    AUTHORS    AND   SUBJECTS. 


Liebeck,  Chas. 

Collecling  notes. 

Linell,   Martin  L. 

The  habits  of  Goes  and  Oncideres  39 

McNeill,  Jerome. 

Notes  upon  Gryllus  and  (.Ecanthus  101 

Marx,   Dr.   Geo. 

Count  Eut;ene  KeyserlinLj,  Obituary, 
159 

Notes  and  News  124,  216 

Notice  of  meeting  at  Toronto  104 

Packard,  Dr.  Alpheus  S. 

Samuel  Lowell  Elliot,  Obituary  83 

Pearsall,   Richard  F. 

Notes  on  reaniig  Lepidoptera  53 

Ragonot,  Emile  L. 

PhycitidtE  and  Galleriid^ie  of  North 
America.  Some  new  species  and  a 
general  catalogue  113 

Rivers,  J.  J. 

Cliange  of  name  6 

Notes  upon  the  habit  of  Pleocoma  17 

A  new  Pleocoma  17 

Roberts,  Christopher  H. 

Notes  on  water  beetles  82 
Collecting  Laclmosterna  100 

Schaus,  Jr.,  William. 

Descriptions  of  new  species  of  Mexican 
Heterocera  87,  190 

Slosson,   Annie  Trumbull. 
A  new  species  of  Euphaiiessa  7 
A  new  Spilosoma  40 
Phragmatobia  assimilans  Walker  85 
The  home  of  Seirarctia  echo  153 

Smith,  John  B. 

Letter  on  Cerathosia  tricolor  8 
Some  new  species  of  Lachnosterna  93 
Contributions  toward  a  Monograph  of 


the   Noctuidfe   of  temperate  North 

America  105,  145,  175 
Some  modifications  in  the  leg  structure 

of  Deltoid  Genera  107 
Genus  Oligia  Hiibner  145 
Revision  of  the  species  ot  Pseudanarta 

175 
A  plague  of  Psocids  111 
Note  on  Spilosoma  congrua  119 
Some  Corrections    to   Henshaw's  List 

of  the  Coleoptera  of  North  America 

121 
Life  habits  of  Hispidse  122 
Cicada  septendecim  in  1889  123 
Notes  on  Cerambycid  larvae  156 

Society  News,  Brooklyn  Entomologi- 
cal Society,  Reports  of  meetings  60, 
104,  124.  164,  227 
American  Entomological   Society,    re- 
port 144 

Ulke,  Henry. 

A  new  species  of  Pterostichus  59 

Van  Duzee,   Edward  P. 

Review  of  the  North  American  species 
of  Pedii)p?is  165 

Webster,  F.  M. 

Some  studies  of  the  development  of 
Lixus  coticavus  Say,  and  L.  macer 
Lee.   11 

W^eed,  Clarence  M. 

Experiments  with  remedies  for  the 
striped  cucumber  beetle  203 

Experiments  with  remedies  for  the 
plum  curculio  204 

Wickham,  H.   F. 

Collecting  notes  77 

Williston,   Dr.,  Samuel  W. 

To  whom  it  may  concern  140 
A  new  species  of  Haeaiatobia  180 
Note  on  Haematobia  serrata   R.  Desv. 
197 


INDEX    TO    SYNOPSES. 


LEPIDOPTERA. 


Epipascliiiiu"e. 
Epipaschia. . . 
Olieia 


41,    7-i     I     Pseudanarta 

51  Saluda 

l-i6     I     Stericta 

"etralopha 69 


,176 
..67 
..62 


COLEOPTERA. 

Cerambycid  larvre    158 

Homceotarsus 182 


HEMIPTERA. 


Acanoniince 2 

Aethalioiiini't 126 

Aphididre 185 

AphidiiuB 186 

By  thoscopidce ,  125 

Bytlioscopiiiae 126.   1 65 

CallipteriiiK   , . , 187 

CalosceliiiEB 6 

Chermesiiife 189 

Cixiiiiii3   ..; 22 

Delphacinte 21 

Dictyopharinse 21 


Eurymelirife 126 

Flatiiise 2 

P\ilgorid?e 1,  21 

Fiilsjorinte 22 

Issinaa 5 

Lachninre 187 

Pediopsis '. 169 

PemphiginEe 188 

Ricaniin« 4 

Schizoneurinae 188 

Tettitjometrinys 28 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


Acalles,  collecting  78 
Aclytia  lucania,  n.  sp.  89 
superba,  n.  sp.  89 
Acmaeodera  culia,  habits  32,  219 

oniata  32 
Acrobasis  minimella,  n.  sp.  113 
Acrolophus  pkimifrontellus  9 
Acronycta  ovata,  reariiio;  53 
Agallia  quadripunctata  167 
sanquinolenta  166 
Agraulis  iiisiiiaris  221 

passiflorae  226 
vanillae  221 
Agrilus  acutipennis  32 
anxius  32 
bilineatus  32.  220 
egenus  32,  219 
fulgens  32 
granulatus  32 
imbellis  29,  32 
iiiteiTuptus  32,  220 
otiosus  32 
politus  32,  220 
toipidiis  32 
vittaticollis  32 
Agrotis,  stiiictui al  characters  202 

pitychroiis,  larva  &  food  plants  38 
American  Ent.  See,  report  ot  meeting  144 
Anaxipha  exigiia  78,   79 
Anerastia  excantella  156 
Anoplognatho  diiiiniaiius  6 
Anthaxia  aeneogaster  31 

cyanella,  habits  219 
quercata,        "     31,   219 
viridicornis,    "      2ld 
viridifrons,      "     31.   219 
Anthicidae,  suppl.  bibliogr,  138 
Anthocaris,  origin  of  genus  33 

ab.  aurec-flavescens  34 
ausonides  v.  coloradensis  34 
card  amines  34 
Aphididae,  generic  synopsis  of  185 

characters  of  185 
Aphonides  dunniana  6 
Arachnida,  papers  on,  by  Count 

Keyserling  160 
Arachnis  perotensis,   n.  sp.  190 

suffiisa,  n.  sp.  190 
Arphia  suiphurea 
Argynnis,  note  on  oviposition  144 
Army  worm  caterpillars,  disease  of  58 
Arsenites,  injury  to  foliage  by  208 
Articerus  californicus,  n.  sp.  197 
Asemum  striatum,  larvae  151 
Asparagus  beetle,  remedy  for  204 
Association  of  Economic  Ent's  164,  213 
Astropometis  51 


Attacapa,  n.  gen.  71 

calipeplella  71 
Aulacomerus  lutescens  143 
Automolis  nabdalsa,  n.  sp.  90 

orbona,  n.  sp.  90 

parma,  n.  sp.  90 

Babia  4-guttata,  habits  220 

Bagous,  collecting  78 

Bassareus  mammiter,  220 

Bleptina  caiadrinalis,  legs  of  110 

Bomolopha,  legs  of  108 

Botis  badipennis  210 

Brachycepsis,  n,  gen.  193 

fuchsii,  n.  sp.  193 

Brachys  aeruginosa,  occurrence  32 
aerosa,  occurrence  and 

habits  32,  220 
ovata,         "  "      32,  220 

Brachynus  cmctipennis,  occurrence 
in  N.  Mex.  77 

Bruchidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.   138 

Bryophila,  yide  Oligia 

Bythinus  carinatus  195 

Buprestidae  of  New  England,  List  of  29 

Buprestidae,  notes  on  the  habits  ot    217 
■  suppl.  bibl.   135 
suppl.  list  N.A.  species  129 

Buprestis  consularis,  habits  30 

fasciata,  occurrence  inN.H.  30 
lineata,  habits  30 
maculiventris,  habits  30 
nuttaili.  occurrence  in  Mass.  30 
striata,  habits,  30,  217 
sulcicollis,  occur'ce  in  Maine  30 
ultramarina,  habits  30 

Bythoscopidae,  generic  synopsis  125 

Bythoscopus  4-punctatus  167 

Cacozelia,  generic  characters  61 

basiochrealis  62 
Calandridae,  suppl.  list  N.A.  species  132 
Callicarus  jalapensis  n.  sp.  89 
laciades  n.  sp.  88 
misitra  n.  sp.  88 
Callimorpha,  variation  in  genus  208 
Callosamia  angulifera,  preparatory 
stages  2U0 
promethea,  hermaphrodite 
228 
Carabidae,  suppl  bibliogr.  133 

"      list  of  N.A.  species  127 
Caradrina,  vide  Oligia 
rasilis  151 
Carales  divina  n.  sp.  191 
Catamola  51 
Catocalae  54 


i 


GENEKAl.    INDEX. 


Celacna,  vide  Oligia 
Centrocleoiuis  aiii^ularis,  collecting  78 
molitor,  "      "  78 

Cephenniiim  anophthalmicum,  n.  sp.  194 
Ceramiiycidae,  siippl.  hililioi,'!-.  136 

suppl.  li-t   N.  A.   species  130 
Ccrambycid  larvae,  notes  on  156 

^•ynoptic  table  158 
Cerathosia  tricolor  8 

eggs  and  larvae  118 
Cerurae,  rearing  54 
Ceutorhyncluis  cvanipennis,    occurrence 

in  N.  A.  57 
Clialcopliora,  habits  of  the  genus  218 
campestri-^  218 
fortis  29,  217 
fuller!  218 
liberta  29,  217 
virginiensis  29.  217 
Chari-tena,  habits  122 
Chelifers,    a   remedy  for  infested  collec- 
tions 161 
Chlaealtis  conspersa  78 
Chrysobolhris  azurea,  habits  31,  219 
blanchardi,  habits  31 
deiitipe-,  habits  31,  219 
exe--a  82 

lemorata,  habits  31.  219 
f^oricola,        "      31,  217 
harrisii,         "32 
pusilla,  occurrence  31 
scabripennis,  habits  31,  220 
sex-signata  31,  219 
trinervia,  occurrence  31 
Chrysomelidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  138 

siippl.  list  N.  A.  species' 130 
Chrysopa  larvae  202 
Chytohta  morbidalis,  legs  of  108 
Cicada  septendecim  in  1889  123 
Cicindelidac,  suppl.  liibliogr.  133 
Cioidae,  suppl.  list  N.  A.  species  129 
Cinyra  gracilipes  30 
Cistela  sericea,  habits  220 
Cieonini,  collecting  77,  78 
Cleonopsis  pulvereus,  collecting  78 
Cleonus  frontalis,  collecting  78 
quadrilineatus,  collecting  78 
virgatus,  collecting  78 
Cnemidotus  callo^us  in  Vt.  82 

edentulus  in  Vt.  82 
Cochlidae,  rearing  54 
Coelodasys  54 

Coleoptera  of  America,  North  of  Mexico, 
Second  supplement  to  the  list  of  127 
Coleoptera,  bibliographical  references  133 
collecting  notes  77,  161 
synonymical  notes  198,  212 
Collection  of  W.  H.  Edwards  35 
of  Felder  210 
of  A.  R.  Grote  211 
of  A.  Guenee  209 
ofVV.  J.  Holland  35 
ot  Htibner  210  1 

of  Letebre  209 


Collection  of  T.  I,.  Mead  33 

of  Nat.  Mas,  of  Fiance  209 
of  Dr.  Rosier  36 
of  Roval  Museum   210 
of  Walker  211 
of  Zeller  210 
of  Zmcken  210 
(Collections  of  Lepidoptera  :n    European 

museums  209 
Colydiidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  134 
Coiiocephalus  exilicanorus  78,  80 
Coptocnemia  =  Pieonectyptera  108 
Corymbiies  crassus  140 

divaricatus  140 
Cosmopteryx  floridanella,  n.  sp.  10 

minutella,  n.  sp.  lO 
Cosmosoma  aleus,  n.  sp.  89 
Crambidae,    date   of  publication   of  de- 
scriptions of  215 
Crambomorpha  tolteca,  n.  sp.  191 
Crioceris  asparagi,  stridulating  habits  144 
Cryptobium  latericola  183 

latebricola  183 
Cryptophagidae,  sui)pl.  list  N.A.  sp.  12vS 
Cryptocephalini     foiiiul     on     Ceanothus 

ameiicaiius,  ]i>{  of  22u 
Crypiocepiialus  binomini-  220 
quadrimaculaius  220 
quadruplex  22o' 
mi.tabilis  220 
veiiustu^  220 
Cryptorhynchuslapathi,  hib'.r.ialion  of  57 
Cucujidae,  suppl.  bdjlio^r.  134 
Curculionidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  138 
suppl.    list    N.  A.  specii-s  132 
Cut-\v(<rms,  remedies  for  201,  202 

injuries  inflicted  by  2('2 
Cychrus  nitidico!lis    var.    brevoorti,    do- 

lormity  in  144 
Cy|ihus  laiiius,  habits  78 
Cienistes  [uilvereus,  habits  77 

Dasylophia  anguina,    prepar.  stages  55 

Datana  per.-picua  53,  54 

Deltoidae,  some  modific.itions   in  the  leg 

structure  ot  107 
Depressaria  curvilineella,  n.  sp.  10 
Dermestidae,  suppl.  list  N.A.  sp.cies  129 
Deronectes  striatelkn  in  Vt.  82 
Denterolyta  50 

borealis  51 

conspicualis  5] 

olivalis  51 
Diabrotica  vittata,  remedies  for  2^)3 
Diamimus  subsericeu-,  habits  78 
Dicerca  asperata,  habits  3U,  218 

caudata,  "      2l) 

divaricata,  '•      29,  218 

lugnbris,  occurrence  in  Mass.  30 

lurida,  habits  30,  220 

prolongata,  haltits  29 

pugionata,        "       30,  218 

punctulata,      "       30,  217,  218 

tenebrosa  30 


C.KNERAT-     INnrX. 


Dicerca  tencbrosa  var.  chrysea,   30 

tuberculata,  occurrence  in  N.H.  30 
Disease  germs,    to    free    breeding    cages 

from  58 
Dissosteira  collare  78 
Dorytomiis,  collecting  78 
Dragon  flies  vs    mosquito  1G3,  181 
Drespanodes    arcuata,    larva    and     food 

plants  38 
Dromaeolus  basalis  139 

cylindiicollis  139 

pusillus  139 

striatiis  139 
Dycladia  pyrrlia,  n.  sp.  89 
Dytiscidae,  notes  on  culleciing  82 

Eacles  ormondei,  n.  sp.  192 

Ebulia  tumalis  210 

Economic    entomologists,    assoc'n  of  164 

Edema  albl^ron.-^,  rearing  53 

Editorial  no'es  99 

Elaphria,  vide  Oligia 

grata  151 
E'ateridae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  135 

siippl.  list  N.  A.  species  129 
Elliot,  S.  Lowell,  oliituary  83 
Elmis,  occurrence  in  still  water  82 
Elm  leaf  beetle  207,  216 
Empretia  stimulea  216 
Entomology,    Introduction  to,    by   John 

Henry  Comstock,  Pt.  I,  notice  19 
Entomologists   of  the  Hatch  experiment 

stations,  59,  142 
Ephialtias  coatepeca  n.  sp.  192 
Epipaschia,  generic  characters  50 

synopsis  of  genera  50 

superatalis  (Jl 

zelleri  52 
Epipaschiinae  of  N.  A.,  monograph  -41 

structui-e  48 
Epizeuxis,  legs  of  110 
Eristalis  tenax  144 
Eucyllus  vagans,  habits  78 
Eucosma  tuberculana  210 
Eupagoderes  sordidus,  habits  78 
Euphanessas  meridiana,  n.  sp.  7 

]Kuiper,  n.  sp.  192 
Euplectiis?  n.  sp.  ?  196 

planipennis  195 
Eupristocerus  cogitans  32,  220 
Eurycreon  rantalis  211 

similalis  211 
Eiizophera  aglreella  155 
Experiment    Stations,  U.  S,    Dep't  Agri- 
cult,,  Bulletin  No.  I,  noticement  14 
Flea  beetle,  remedy  for  204 
Fornax  calceatus  139 

hornii  139 

orchesides  139 
Fulgoridae,  generic  synopsis  of  1,  21 
Fustiger  fuchsii,  habits  77 

Galleriidae,    of  N.  A.,    new    species  and 
catalosjue  113 


Cilo^sina  62 

'.loes  debilis,   habits  40 

pulchi-a,     "      41 

tesselata,    "       40 

ligrina,       "      40 

Gnophaela  vermiculata,    larva  and  food 

habits  57 
Grain  plant  louse,  parasites  and  enemies 

of  208 
(iracilaria  fusco-ochrella,  n.  sp.  10 
Gryllotalpa  boieaiis  79 

Columbia  79 
Gryllus,  notes  upon  101 

abbreviatus  79 

luctuosus  79 
Gyascutus  planicosta,  habits  77 
Hadena,  vide  Oligia  145 

Pseudanai  ta  175 
Haematobia  cornicola,  n.  sp.  181,  197 

?  SCI  rata  181,  197 
Hand  lens  vs.  microscope  162 
Harrisina  mexicana,  n.  sp.  87 
Hatch  experiment  stations,  entomologists 

ot  59 
Heluira  aelia,  n.  sp.  90 
Hepialus  hectus,  legs  of  110 
Hetaerius  tristriatus,  habits  77 
Hcterocera,  descriptions  of  new  species 

(Mexican)  87 
Heteroceridae,    suppl.  list  N.  A.   sp.  129 
Hcterocerus,  note  on  142 

lahratus 

limbatus 

luteokis 

pallidus 

pusillus 

ventralis 
Hispa  atia  122 
Hispidae,  lite  habits  of  122 
Hister  biplagiatus,  collecting  note  161 
Homoeosoma  illuvella  155 
Homteotarsus,  generic  characters  182 

synoptic  table  182 

capito  183 

cinctus  183 

flavicornis  183 

pallipes  183 
Horn  fly,  remedy  for  204 
Hydro])hilidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  133 
Hydroporus,  undescribed  sp.  82 
Hypena,  legs  of  108 

Idalus  herois,  n.  sp.  190 

Injurious  and  other  insects  of  the  state  of 
New  York,  by  J.  A.  Luitner,  Ph.  D.. 
notice  143 

Insectarium  in  Zoological  Gardens, 'Lon- 
don 212 

Introduction  to  entomology,  by  John 
Henry  Comstock,  part  I.  notice  19 

Isopteryx  applicalis  210 
xeniolalis  210 

Janassa  lignicolor,  preparatory  stages  91 


CENEKAl,    INDEX. 


Katoua  61) 

Keyserliiiy;,  Count  Eiitjene,  obituary  159 
list  of  papers  publishtd  by   IGO 

Lachnosternn,  collecting  8C,  100 

new  species  of  93 

antennata,  n.  sp.  99 

affinis,  collecting  1(10 

biimpressa,  n.  ^p.  97 

i'usca,  collecting  lOt) 

hirticula,    "         100 

hornii,  n.  sp.  95 

innoniinata,  n.  sp.  98 

insperata,  n.  sp   93 

longispina,  n.  sp.  97 

novd,  n.  sp.  95 

ciuadrata,  n.  sp.  94 

ulkei,  n.  sp.  94 
Lagriidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  138 

suppl.  li^t  N.  A.  species  130 
Lampyridae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  135 
Lanthaphe,  generic  characters  66 

platanelia  66 
Lasioderma    serricorne,   injuring  furnit- 
ure 2(14 
Lathridiids  144 
Leisoma  juaniia,  n.  sp.    87 
Lepidoptera,  collections  of  35,  209 

notes  on  rearing  53 

method  of  relaxing  86,  144 
Leptidule  aeetes,  n.  sp.  191 
Leptiopa  pygmaea,  habits  122 
Leucania  unipuiicta  larvae,  disease  of  58 
Library  of  W.  J.  Holland  36 

S.  L.  Elliot  83 
Limnebius  piceus  in  Vt.  82 
Litognatha  nubilifascia,  legs  of  107 
Lixiis  concavub  11 
niacer  11 
paraplepticus  11 
parens  11 
pleura  I  is  78 
rubellus  11 
Loma  69 
Lucanidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.   135 

regia,  n.  sp.  88 
Lycomorpha  teos,  n.  sp.  88 

Macrocneme  cinyras,  n.  sp.  88 

Malachidae,  suppl.  list  N.  A.  species  129 

Mecynotarsus  candidus,  coll.  note  161 

Megachyta  lituralis,  legs  of  108 

Megaphycis  edwardsella  156 

Megastilicus,  n.  gen.  183 

formicarius,  n.  sp.  183 

Melanchroia  monticola,  n.  sp.  192 

Melandryidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  138 

suppl.  list  N.  A.  spec.  131 

Melanophila  aeneola,  occurrence  31 

druminondi,  habits  ."H)    '  j 

fulvoguttala,      "      31  | 

longipes,  occurrence  oO  | 

Me'anoplus  collinus  78  I 

Meloidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  138 


Meroniyza  americana  202 

Melhofi  for  preservuig  food  plants  184 

of  relaxing  I.epiclopteia  86 
Miana,  vide  Oligia. 

Microlepidoptera,  North  American  IS 
Microrho|Kda,  habit-  122 
Microscope  v-.  hand  lens  162 
Mochlocera  50 

Mosquito  vs.  dragon  flies  163,  181 
Myelois  subtetrice'la,  n.  sp.  113 

zonulella,  n.  sp.  113 

Nematus  erichsonii.  pai-asite  of  2*01 

injuries  inflicted  Ijy  2')2 
Nemeophila    plantagiiiis,    preparatory 

stages  112 
Nemobius  vittatus  79 
Nephoptheryx  auraiitiacella  156 

caliginella  156 

earned  la  156 

edmancisii  156 

perfuscella  156 
Niptus  ventriculus,  habits  77 
Nitidulidae,  suppl.  list  N.A.  ^-pecies  129 
Noctuidae,  contributions  toward  a  mono- 
graph of  105,  145,  175 
Notodontae,  rearing  54 

Ocneria  di-par  211 
Octotoma,  habits  122 
Odontota,  habits  122 
(Kcanthus,  note.-  u]3i)n  101 
angustipennis  80 
fa^ciatus  80 
niveus  80 
Oligia,  monograph  of  the  species  145 
arna  148 

chalcedonia  145,  146,  148 
e.\e-a  146,  149 
festivoides  145,  146,  147 
fuscimacula  146,  150 
grata  146,  151 
•      irresoluta  148 
paginata  146,  152 
rasilis  146,  151 
tracta  148 
versicolor  146,  149 
vincta  148 
Omopliron    americanum,      stridulatin«- 

habit  of  220 
Oncideres  cingulata,  habits   39 
Oneida,  n.  gen.  63 

luiuilalis  64 
Opharns  ti  ustis,  n.  sp.  191 
Ophryastes  latirostris,  habits  77 
sulcirostris,     "      77 
vittatus,  '•      77 

Orthoptera,    found  on  Statcn  Island,   li-t 

of  78 
Otioihynchidae,  collecting  77 
suppl.  bibliogr.  138 
suppl.  li.st  N.  A.   s|)ecies  131 
Oxycepliala  speciosa  122 


GENERAL    INDEX. 


Pacliybracliys  femoratus  220 
infaustus  220 
lui-idus  220 
othonus  220 
sobn'nus  220 
sublasciatiis  220 
tridens  220 
trinotatiis  220 
Pachys:eliis  larvi^atiis  29,  32 

purpureas  32 
I'aedfriiii,  notes  on  182 
Fallachira  liivittata  =  Litognatha  110 
I'altliis,  palpus  of  110 
Pandeletejiis  cinereus.  habits  78 
Paroxya  atlantica,  habitat  78 
Parnidae,  occurrence  in  still  water  82 
Pediopsis,  generic  characters  1G7 
review  ot  species  165 
synoptic  table  169 
basalis,  ii.  sp.  171 
bil'asciata,  n.  sp.  173 
terrugint-uides,  n.  sp.  171 
flavtscens 
insignis,  n.  sp.  171 
].)iuictit'ons,  (lescr.  174 
triniaculaia  172 
vnidis  17U 
Periplanela  americana  78 
I'eritaxia  hispida,  habits  78 
Philometra  longilal)ris,  legs  oi  109 
Phoxopteris    spireaefoliana,      larva     and 

food  plant  39' 
Phragmatobia  assimilans,  article  an  86 
Phvcis    nibiii'asciella,     larva    and    lood 

plant  38 
Phycilidae  ot   N.  A.,    new    species   and 

catalogue  113 
Phjjtononuis  punctatus  216 
Pieris  bryoniae  33 
napi  33 
oleracea  33 
protodice  33 
venosa  33 
virgin iensis  33 
Pinodytes  cryptophagoides  191: 
Pissodes  strobi,  ])arasite  of  216 
Pityohta  pedipilalis,  legs  of  109 
Platymedon,  n.  gen.  181: 
laticollis,  n.  sp.  184 
Platypsyllus  122 
Pleocoma  l)ehren^i,  habits  of  17 
fimbriata     "        "   17 
puncticoUis,  n,  sp.  17 
rickseckeri  18 
Pleonectyptera  108 
Plum  curculio,  remedies  for  204 
Pogonocherns  pilosus,  larvae  157 
Poecilonta  cyanipes  30 
Poisoned  clover  baits,  as  remedy  for  cut- 
worms 201 
Polypoetes  cethegus,  n.  sp.  192 
Preliminary    Monograph    of   the    North 
American  species  of  Trogophloeus 
by  Capt.  T.  L.  Casey — notice  162 


Prionus  coriarius,  larvae  157 
Proceedings    of  the  Entomological  Club 

of  the  A.A.A.S.  201 
Pselaphidae,  desc.  of  new  species  193 

suppl.  bibliogr.  134 

suppl.  list  N.A.  species  127 
Psclaphus  longipalpus  195 
Pselaptrichus,  n.  gen.  194 

tuberculipalpus,  n.  sp.  194 
Psecadia  albicostella,  n.  sp.  9 

semilugens,   var.    plumbeella,     new 
var.  10 

walsinghamella,  n.  sp.  9 
Pseudalypia  stuartii,  n.  sp.  87 
Pseudanarta.  revision  of  species  175 

aurea  176.  177 

crocea  177 

falcata  175,  176 

flava  175,  176,  177 

flavidens  175,  176,  179 

singula  176,  178 
P.-inidia  marmorata  78 
Psocids,  a  plague  ot  111 
Pteromalus,   parasitic  on  Nematus  erich- 

sonii  201 
Pterosticluis  johnsoni,  n    sp.  59 
Pyrochroidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  138 

suppl.    list    N.  A.    species  131 
Pythidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  138 

suppl.  list  N.A.  species  131 

Raphiteles  maculatus  216 
Rearing  Lepidoptera,  notes  on  53 
Relaxing  Lepidoptera,  method  of  88, 144 
Remedy  for  infested  collections  161 
Remigia  latipes  108 
Renia,  legs  of  110 
Rhagium  mordax,  larvae  157 
Rhyiichitidae,    suppl.   list  N.  A.  species 

131 
Rhynchophora,  collecting  notes  on  77,  78 

Saluda,  generic  characters  66 

as])eratella  67 

melanogrammos,  characters  67 

life-history  68 
Saluria  dichroeella,  n.  sp.  113 
Samia  cynthia  226 
Saperda  carcharias,  larvae  157 
Saturnia  To.  larvae,  diseases  of  58 
Scaphidiidae,  suppl.  li-t  N.A.  species  128 
Scarabaeidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  135 

suppl.  list  N.  A.  sp.  129 
Scolytidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  138 

suppl.  list  N,  A.  sp."l32 
Scolytus  rugulosus,  parasite  of  216 
Scydmaenidae,   desc.    of  new  sp.   193 

suppl.  bibliogr.  134 
Scydmaenus  californicus 

minimus  n.  sp.  193 
Seirarctia  echo,  article  on  153 
Siphonophora  avenae,  parasites  of  208 
Sitones  hispidulus  216 
Spermatophthora  montmatatella  156 


(iRNERAL    INDEX. 


Sphinx  luscitiosa,  larva  of  189 

Spider?,  list  of  pajjcrs  published  by  Count 

Eugene  KeyserHng  on  160 
Spilosoma  antii^one  119 

coiii^rua  119 

prima,  ii.  sp.  40 

virginica  120 
Staphylinidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  134 

suppl.    list   N.  A.   species  128 
Stenispa  122 
Stenopodius  flavidus  122 
Stericta,  generic  characters  62 

breviornataJis  63 

incrustalis  62 

trabalis  63 
Striped  cucumber  beetle,  remedies  for  203 
Strophosomus  coiyli,  occurrence  in  N.J. , 

description,  food  habits  56 
Syrphus  larvae  20J 

Taeniocampa  oviduca  151 
TalJuhi,  generic  characters  72 

atiifasciahs  73 
Taphrocerus  gracilis  29,  32 
Tenebrioiiidae,  suppl.  jjibliogr.  138 
Tetralopha,  genei  ic  characters  69 

synopsis  of  species  69 

baptisiella  7() 

diluculella  67 

eulheahs  73 

militella  71 

nephelotella  70 

olivalis  51 

tiitdia  70 
Throscidae,  suppl.  bibliogr.  135 
Tinea  seminolella  n.  sp.  9 


Tineidae,  corrections  to   illustrations   of 
neuration  of  the  wings  of  37 

Tioga,  generic  characters  69 
aplastella  69 

Toripalpus  62 

Toripalpus  talleolalis  67 

Toronto  meeting  A.  A.  A.  S.,    notice  of 
164. 

Tortricodes,  legs  of  110 

Tortrix  citrana,  n.  sp.  18 

Trichopterygidae,  suppl.  bibliogr. 

Trimium  thoracicum,  n.  sp.  196 

Ti'ogophloeus,    notice    of  a  preliminary 
monograph  of  N.  A.  species  162 

Tychius,  collecting  78 

Walker's  "Crambites,  Catal.  etc."  215 

Wanda  69 

Water  beetles,  notes  on  82 

Wheat  midge  202 

Winona  62 

Xenorhipis  brendeli  31 

"X.  O.  dust  "  as  an  insecticide  204 

'Yuma,  n.  gen.  65 
adulatalis  65 

Zanclognatha.  legs  of  109 

laevigata  109 
Zascelis,  collecting  78 
Zeller's  "  Chilonidarum  et  Crambidarum 

etc."  215 
Zeuzera  aesculi,  breeding  habits  7 

pyrina.  "  "       7,  28 


ERRATA. 


I'age  32,  No.  60,  for  Brachysorata  read  Rrachys  ovata. 
■'     40,  top,  for  Cy Ileus  read  Cyllem. 
"     54,   for  CatoioLc  YQ-xA  Catocalcc. 
"  174,  Hue  14,  for  "  fine  black  spots"  read  five  etc. 


Americana 


A  Monthly  Journal  of  Entomology. 


PUBLISHED    BY    THK 


Brooklyn  Entomological  Society 


VOL  VI.— JANUARY  TO  DECEMBER,  1890. 


p:DrroR  : 
JOHN    B.  SN4IXH, 

RUTGERS   COLLEGE, 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 


ASS  T    EDITOR  : 

Krank  h.  Chittenden, 

HoAGLAND  Laboratory, 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


PRESS  OF 

P.  C    STOCKHAUSEN, 

PHILADELPHIA. 


VOL.  VI. 


BROOKLYN,  JANUARY,  1890. 


No.  1. 


ANNUAL  ADDRESS  OF  JAMES  FLETCHER,  PRESI- 
DENT OF  THE  ENTOMOLOGICAL  CLUB 
OF   THE  A.  A.  A.  S.  1889.* 


Gentlemen  : — Another  year  has  rolled  by  since  we  held  our 
last  pleasant  meeting  in  the  city  of  Cleveland.  It  is  with  much 
pleasure  that  I  recognize  here  to-day  the  faces  of  several  of  those 
who  helped  to  make  that  meeting  so  successful,  and,  as  gratitude 
has  been  satirically  described  as  "a  keen  appreciation  of  further 
favors  to  come, ' '  I  feel  grateful  to  such  of  you  for  being  present  at 
this  meeting,  the  success  of  which,  to  a  certain  extent,  your  pres- 
ence assures,  but  for  which  I,  as  presiding  officer,  shall  be  held 
largely  responsible.  With  the  help  of  our  Secretary  I  have  endeav- 
ored to  arrange  the  papers  to  be  read,  so  as  to  save  as  much  time 
as  possible,  and  at  the  same  time  to  make  the  most  of  the  papers. 
It  is  a  time-honored  custom  that  the  President  should  give  an  ad- 
dress at  the  opening  of  the  Annual  Session,  I  therefore  bow  to  the 
decree  of  fate,  and  shall  endeavor  for  a  short  time  to  lay  before  you 
some  subjects  which  it  has  occurred  to  me  are  worthy  of  consid- 
eration by  the  members  of  the  Club.  Inaugural  addresses  generally 
take  the  form  either  of  a  prospective  or  retrospective  view  of  the 
matters  with  which  the  Society,  before  which  they  are  delivered, 
particularly  concerns  itself,  or  on  the  other  hand,  they  are  devoted 
to  the  elaboration  of  some  one  special  subject.  I  purpose  following 
the  former  of  these  courses  to-day,  and  shall  briefly  remind  you  of 


*  See  Ento.  Amer.  v,  p.  201. 


Entomologica  Americana.  Vol.  VI. 


January,  1890. 


some  of  the  most  remarkable  occurrences  affecting  entomologists, 
which  have  taken  place  during  the  period  that  has  elapsed  since  we 
last  met,  and  I  shall  also  endeavor  to  direct  your  attention  to  one 
special  matter  connected  with  the  future  of  the  science,  which,  it 
seems  to  me,  can  be  discussed  to  advantage  during  the  present 
meeting. 

When  last  year  you  conferred  upon  me,  what  I  felt  was  the 
too  great  honor  of  electing  me,  the  first  Canadian,  to  fill  the  chair 
of  the  Entomological  Club,  I  accepted  that  position  as  tendered  to 
the  President  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Ontario  in  recogni- 
tion of  the  good  work  that  has  been  done  by  that  Society,  which  I, 
on  that  occasion,  together  with  Dr.  Bethune,  had  the  honor  of 
representing  as  delegate. 

The  chief  attacks  by  insects  upon  cultivated  crops  which  have 
demanded  the  attention  of  entomologists  during  the  past  season, 
are  the  following  :  In  all  parts  of  Canada  and  the  United  States  the 
noctuid  larvae  known  under  the  name  of  "Cutworms,"  were  ex- 
tremely abundant  in  the  spring.  In  the  maritime  provinces  of  New 
Brunswick  and  Nova  Scotia,  as  well  as  Quebec,  the  Tent  Caterpillars 
did  much  injury  to  orchard  and  forest  trees.  In  central  Ontario 
Meromyza  americana  was  unusually  abundant,  but  it  was  also  ac- 
companied by  its  parasite,  Ca'liniiis  meroviyzcE.  Not  only  were 
certain  kinds  of  wheat  and  barley  severely  attacked,  but  also  a  single 
instance  of  the  attack  on  oats  was  observed,  and  I  made  the  further 
unpleasant  discovery  that  the  species  bred  freely  in  various  wild 
grasses,  chiefly  of  the  genera  Agropyrutn,  Deschampsia,  Elymtis 
and  Poa.  Upon  the  experimental  grass  patches  of  the  Experimental 
Farm  at  Ottawa,  the  species  of  Agropyrimi  and  Elynms,  and  Poa 
serotina  were  the  grasses  most  attacked,  while  only  a  single  instance 
of  injury  to  Setaria  viridis  was  noticed.  An  interesting  point  was, 
that  while  Poa  serotina  was  so  severely  injured,  Poa  pratensis,  Poa 
ccEsia  and  Poa  compi'cssa  were  almost  exempt.  The  species  of  Ely- 
mus  and  Deschampsia  were  attacked  in  the  young  shoots  close  to 
the  root,  but  the  others  mentioned  in  the  top  joint  of  the  flowering 
stems,  by  which  the  appearance  known  as  "  Silvertop"  was  pro- 
duced. The  name  "  Silvertop"  is  also  applied  to  the  results  of  the 
ravages  o{ Phlcsothrips poaphagus,  which  is  now  becoming  a  "first- 
class  pest"  in  many  parts  of  Canada.  The  grasses  which  suffer 
most  from  this  insect  are,  early  in  June,  Poa  pratensis,  and  later  in 
the  month,  Phleinn  pratense.  A  much  more  serious  matter,  how- 
ever, was  a  new  injury  to  oats  by  a  species  of  T/uips,  which  has 


— 3— 

been  found  to  be  undescribed.  This  insect  attacks  the  flowers  of 
oats  just  before  they  leave  the  sheath,  in  consequence  of  which  they 
turn  white  and  die. 

An  outbreak  which  may  prove  to  be  one  of  great  importance  is 
the  appearance,  during  the  past  summer,  in  one  of  our  Canadian 
towns,  of  large  numbers  of  the  European  flour  moth  {Ephestia 
kuhniella).  Radical  measures  have,  however,  been  taken  by  the 
provincial  government  for  its  suppression,  and  I  trust  that  it  may  be 
stamped  out  before  it  spreads  to  other  centres  of  the  milling  industry. 

In  the  United  States  the  attacks  of  most  interest  were  the  fol- 
lowing :  The  appearance,  in  very  large  numbers,  of  Siphonophora 
avencE  in  Michigan,  Ohio,  Indiana  and  Illinois,  drew  forth  many 
notices  in  the  public  press.  Perhaps  next  in  importance  was  the 
outbreak  of  an  imported  fly  of  the  genus  Hcemotobia,  which  has 
increased  so  as  to  become  a  serious  pest  to  cattle.  It  has  occurred 
in  injurious  numbers  in  Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey,  Delaware,  Mary- 
land and  Virginia.  Its  life  history  has  been  studied  by  the  ento- 
mologists of  Washington,  and  Prof  J.  B.  Smith,  in  New  Jersey. 
The  salient  points  are  already  discovered,  and  successful  remedies 
have  been  made  known.  The  Army  Worm  [L.  unipiincta)  has 
done  restricted  damage  in  Indiana,  and  has  also  occurred  in  Florida. 
Brood  VHI  of  Cicada  septendecim  has  appeared  in  Massachusetts, 
Connecticut,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Ken- 
tucky, Maryland,  north  Virginia  and  North  Carolina.  The  Chinch- 
bug  {Bliss7is  leucopterus)  has  been  abundant  in  Missouri  during  the 
past  summer,  and  the  Hop  Aphis  {Phorodon  hurmdi)  is  reported  as 
more  abundant  in  New  York  this  summer  than  it  has  been  since 
1886.  Attacus  cecropia  has  been  remarkably  abundant  in  the  tree 
planted  regions  of  the  West  and  Northwestern  States. 

The  Cotton  Worm  and  Boll  Worm  have  been  very  abundant 
and  injurious  in  the  cotton-fields  of  the  South.  Trees  and  shrubs 
of  all  kinds,  both  in  the  United  States  and  Canada,  have  suffered 
much  by  the  attacks  of  various  leaf-hoppers.  These  attacks  will 
doubdess  all  be  dealt  with  by  the  United  States  entomologist,  or  the 
State  entomologists  in  their  reports,  so  I  shall  not  now  speak  of 
them  at  greater  length  than  I  have  done,  but  will  beg  you  to  give 
me  your  special  attention  while  I  speak  to  you  upon  a  subject  which 
appears  to  me  to  be,  at  the  present  time,  one  of  very  great  impor- 
tance. It  has  lately  been  brought  prominently  before  the  entomo- 
logical world  in  the  pages  of  "  Insect  Life."  This  is  no  less  than 
the  organization  of  the  active,  working,  economic  entomologists  of 
North  America  into  a  permanent  association  or  union,  so  that  an 


— 4— 

opportunity  may  be  afforded  to  those  students  who  are  specially 
engaged  in  the  practical  application  of  the  science  of  meeting  peri- 
odically to  discuss  new  discoveries  and  to  exchange  experiences  as 
to  the  best  methods  of  work.  The  value  of  such  an  association 
cannot,  I  believe,  be  overestimated.  The  recognition  which,  during 
the  past  decade,  has  been  accorded  to  Entomology  as  a  branch  of 
Practical  Agriculture,  makes  it  important  that  as  little  time  as  pos- 
sible should  be  wasted  upon  unnecessary  reduplication  of  experi- 
ments, and  also  on  the  other  hand  that  successful  methods  of  com- 
bating injurious  insects  should  be  made  known  as  widely  and  quickly 
as  possible. 

A  small  number  of  the  States  of  the  Union  had  employed  their 
State  entomologists  for  some  years  past,  and  Canada  her's  since 
1884.  All  of  these  officers  had  striven  hard  to  do  good  and  useful 
work  in  the  vast  field  which  lay  before  them.  Recently,  however, 
a  great  impulse  has  been  given  to  practical  science  in  all  lines  by  the 
very  important  "  Hatch  Experiment  Station  Act,"  which  was  passed 
by  Congress  in  1888.  This  Act  provides  that  a  sum  of  $15,000 
should  be  annually  set  aside  for  the  purpose  of  carrying  on  scientific 
agricultural  experiments  in  every  State  of  the  Union.  In  conse- 
quence of  this  Act  there  have  already  been  organized  Experimental 
Stations,  twenty-seven  of  which  have  entomologists  on  their  staffs, 
and  these  officers  have  already  issued  much  valuable  practical  in- 
formation in  the  shape  of  bulletins  to  the  farmers  of  their  respective 
States.  The  operation  of  injurious  insects  are  such  an  important 
factor  in  the  success  or  failure  of  all  crops  grown,  and  the  recogni- 
tion of  that  fact  is  now  becoming  so  wide-spread  amongst  the  edu- 
cated agricultural  classes,  that  before  long  it  is  beyond  question  that 
the  directors  of  the  other  Stations  will  see  the  advisability  of  adding 
an  entomologist  to  their  staff.  The  result  of  this  will  be  that  we 
shall  have  in  North  America  a  large  number  of  men  specially 
trained  for  the  work  they  have  undertaken,  with  sufficient  time  and 
means  at  their  disposal  for  carrying  out  any  experiments  which  may 
be  necessary.  Surely,  under  such  circumstances  important  results 
must  follow.  They  all  have  the  same  object  in  view — the  discovery, 
as  soon  as  possible,  of  practical — that  is,  efficient,  simple  and  cheap 
— remedies  for  the  various  injurious  insects  which  destroy  produce. 
The  work  of  all  these  students  will,  of  course,  have  to  be  carried  on 
independently,  in  widely  separated  localities,  and  a  fact  which  will 
give  special  value  to  their  labors  will  be,  that  similar  experiments 
will  be  carried  out  carefully  and  scientifically  under  differing  circum- 
stances and  with  varying  climatic  conditions. 


— 5— 

Such  an  opportunity  for  showing  the  value  of  Science  has  never 
before  occurred,  and  it  is  incumbent  upon  the  men  who  accept  these 
positions  to  recognize  also  the  responsibility  of  their  offices.  I 
would  suggest  that  not  only  is  extreme  care  necessary  in  the  carry- 
ing out  of  our  experiments  as  official  entomologists,  but  also  great 
thought  must  be  given  to  the  best  means  of  publishing  and  making 
known  results.  Above  all  things  is  it  necessary  to  gain  the  confi- 
dence of  those  for  whom  we  write.  The  editors  of  agricultural 
papers  are  frequently  enquiring  for  articles  upon  Economic  Ento- 
mology, but  they  always  say  they  must  be  simply  expressed,  or 
they  are  useless  to  them  because  their  readers  will  not  read  them. 
Even  amongst  highly  educated,  and  even  cultivated  people,  you 
find  many  to  whom  the  very  word  "science"  is  a  bug-bear,  and 
much  more  is  this  the  case  with  the  large  class  of  agriculturists.  A 
class  which,  although  it  does  contain  many  men  of  education  and 
culture,  of  course  consists  mainly  of  men  who  have  not  had  the 
time  nor  opportunity  to  avail  themselves  of  educational  advantages. 
They  are,  however,  as  a  class,  men  who  spend  their  lives  away  from 
the  distractions,  largely  frivolous,  of  city  life,  and,  as  a  consequence, 
develop  a  faculty  for  observation,  thought  and  practical  application, 
which  would  indeed  be  a  boon  to  many  an  aspirant  to  scientific 
fame.  Writings  upon  agricultural  entomology  should  be,  I  think, 
couched  in  the  simplest  language  possible  ;  the  articles  should  be 
short  and  concise,  without  too  much  detail  of  the  life-history  of  the 
insects  discussed.  Prominence  should  be  given  to  the  nature  of  the 
attack,  so  that  it  may  be  recognized  ;  the  essential  points  of  the 
life-history  of  the  insect,  so  that  its  habits  may  be  understood  and 
missing  links  filled  in  ;  and  above  all  the  best  remedy,  under  exist- 
ing local  circumstance  ;  and  lastly  a  statement  of  such  information 
with  regard  to  the  pest  as  may  be  lacking. 

During  a  somewhat  extensive  intercourse  with  farmers  I  have 
always  found  them  anxious  to  learn  anything  about  injurious  insects 
and  the  means  of  combating  them.  As  a  general  thinj^-  they  are 
willing  to  devote  both  time  and  labor  to  any  experiments  suggested 
if  there  is  only  a  chance  of  success,  but  they  complain  that  frequently 
writings  which  are  professedly  written  expressly  for  them  are  unin- 
telligible, that  there  is  too  much  detail  concerning  the  life-history, 
or  that  even  under  remedies  there  is  frequently  a  long  string  given 
without  comment,  some  of  which  are  good  and  some  useless.  Now 
this  is,  to  a  certain  extent,  true,  and  is  due,  I  think,  to  two  causes — 
either,  as  stated  in  "Insect  Life,"  that  "Economic  Entomology 
has  heretofore  greatly  suffered  by  the  writings  and  pretensions  ot 


— 6— 

those  who  have  no  sort  of  appreciation  of  its  real  value  and  impor- 
tance, but  who,  writing  at  second-hand  upon  subjects  of  which  they 
have  no  personal  knowledge  whatever,  are  just  as  apt  to  disseminate 
error  as  truth,"  or  perhaps  to  the  fact  that  some  entomologists  have 
tried  to  cover  too  much  ground,  and  while  professedly  writing  arti- 
cles for  the  good  of  a  class  which  it  is  assumed  has  no  knowledge 
of  scientific  terms  ;  at  the  same  time  ihey  endeavor  to  maintain  their 
scientific  status  and  secure  the  credit  of  priority  in  description  or 
discovery.  I  would  venture  the  opinion  that  it  is  impossible  to 
combine  these  two  causes  advantageously,  and  that  the  scientific 
details  and  necessary  descriptions  and  discussion  of  theories  would 
find  a  more  appropriate  place  in  the  scientific  periodicals  and  trans- 
actions of  societies  devoted  to  the  subject,  whilst  the  results,  the 
practical  application  of  our  work  for  the  good  of  the  country  should 
be  published  where,  and  in  the  manner,  it  can  do  most  good.  It 
will  be  seen  in  this  way  that  I  give  the  highest  place  of  honor  to 
Economic  Entomology,  and  this  I  really  believe  to  be  a  proper 
arrangement.  The  systematic  classification  of  orders  and  genera, 
and  the  arrangement  of  large  collections  so  as  to  understand  the 
proper  relationships  which  exist,  are  matters  of  engrossing  interest, 
but  the  intelligent  application  of  this  knowledge  for  the  benefit  of 
mankind  at  large,  draws  such  vast  consequences  in  its  wake  that  it 
demands  the  closest  attention  of  entomologists.  So  great,  however, 
is  the  field  of  Entomology  that  it  cannot  possibly  be  covered  by  any 
one  individual,  and  the  work  of  specialists  in  every  department  is 
necessary.  Owing  to  the  institution  of  the  various  Experiment 
Stations  in  the  United  States  with  their  several  entomologists, 
doubtless  the  attention  of  many  will  now  be  turned  to  Entomology 
who  otherwise  would  not  have  thought  of  it,  and  also  so  many  men 
entering  enthusiastically  upon  the  field  at  the  same  time  to  do  orig- 
inal work  will  certainly  have  the  effect  before  long  of  producing 
eminent  and  useful  public  officers.  I  therefore  make  a  special  appeal 
to  you  to  consider  now  whether  a  union  which  would  be  the  means 
of  bringing  together  at  least  once  a  year  all  those  working  specially 
in  Economic  Entomology  would  not  be  a  useful  institution.  Some 
of  the  official  entomologists  have  been  well  trained  in  Economic 
Entomology,  whilst  others  are  young  men  fresh  from  college,  and 
with  only  a  general  knowledge  of  the  subject.  To  these  latter,  of 
course,  by  far  the  greatest  advantage  would  accrue  ;  there  is  such 
an  infinity  of  small  things  and  so  many  doubts,  which  a  word  from 
one  of  greater  experience  can  settle,  that  the  meeting  once  a  year 
where  questions  of  economic  interest   alone  would  be  discussed, 


would  be,  I  believe,  an  inestimable  boon  to  all  of  us.  And  from 
the  favor  with  which  this  suggestion  has  been  received  by  many  of 
the  fathers  of  Economic  Entomology,  I  believe  that  even  they  would 
reap  sufficient  benefit  from  the  experience  of  others  to  well  repay 
them  for  any  time  they  might  devote  these  meetings  for  the  encour- 
agement of  others  and  for  the  good  of  the  cause.  Without  going 
into  too  great  detail  I  will  mention  one  or  two  of  the  advantages 
which  have  occurred  to  me  in  connection  with  such  an  organization. 
First  of  all  it  will  give  opportunities  for  a  large  body  of  earnest 
workers  in  the  same  field  and  with  the  same  interests,  to  become  ac- 
quainted with  each  other,  and  this  I  consider  a  point  of  great  im- 
portance. I  regret  to  say  that  it  cannot  be  denied  that  there  is  some- 
times evidence  of  unkindly  feeling  towards  fellow  students  in  scientific 
writing.  The  social  intercourse  which  would  be  engendered  by  the 
union  would  do  much  to  put  an  end  to  this.  Many  small  matters 
which  might  offend  or  hurt,  can  be  overlooked,  or  as  we  say,  "  un- 
derstood' '  when  w'e  know  the  man  from  whom  they  emanate,  and  I 
presume  my  experience  of  life  cannot  have  been  very  widely  different' 
from  that  of  other  people  when  I  have  found  far  more  to  like  than  to 
dislike  in  everyone  w^hen  you  come  to  know  them.  Well,  this  union 
will  allow  us  to  know  each  other.  It  will  give  us  an  opportunity  for 
systematic  work.  Problems  frequently  arise  of  paramount  impor- 
tance. By  this  means  it  will  be  possible  to  delegate  certain  parts  of 
any  special  investigation  to  such  students  as  may  have  special  oppor- 
tunities therefor. 

Above  all,  the  union  will  be  an  advisory  board  either  for  dis- 
cussing matters  of  great  interest  to  ourselves  or  for  the  advice  of  the 
legislature  upon  occasion  of  any  serious  invasion  or  threatened  visi- 
tation by  insect  enemies  ;  thus  while  we  are  united  we  shall  do  far 
better  scientific  work  ;  we  shall  uphold  better  the  dignity  of  our 
offices  ;  we  shall  gain  the  confidence  of  the  public,  and  of  the  gov- 
ernment, and  we  shall  be  bound  together  in  a  solid  union  for  our  own 
good  and  that  of  the  country  at  large. 

Although  I  have  taken  the  liberty  of  bringing  this  matter  before 
you  now,  and  ask  you  to  express  an  opinion  upon  it  at  once,  as  you 
are  all  aware- it  is  no  new  idea  sprung  upon  the  meeting  unawares. 
As  I  have  mentioned,  notices  have  appeared  in  "  Insect  Life"  sug- 
gesting the  matter,  and  I  have  myself  distributed,  to  every  one  who 
I  thought  would  be  interested,  a  circular  notifying  them  that  I  pro- 
posed bringing  the  matter  up  for  discussion. 

The  mo\'ement  seems  to  have  originated  with  the  very  eminent 
United  States  Entomologist,    Prof   C.  V.   Riley,  who  has  done  so 


— 8— 

much  by  his  writings  and  successful  experiments  to  raise  Economic 
Entomology  to  the  honorable  position  it  now  enjoys  in  the  apprecia- 
tion of  intelligent  people  of  all  classes. 

And  now  gentlemen  allow  me  to  thank  you  for  the  great  honor 
you  conferred  upon  me  when  you  elected  me  to  preside  over  you 
during  the  past  year  and  at  this  meeting.  I  hope,  sincerely,  that  the 
Entomological  Club  of  the  American  Association  may  continue  to 
prosper  and  be  the  means  of  bringing  us  all  together  at  least  once  a 
year,  like  the  members  of  a  large  and  attached,  but  widely  scattered 
family  who  rejoice  when,  on  such  festivals  as  Christmas,  New  Year, 
or  Thanksgiving  Days,  an  excuse  or  opportunity  is  given  for  a  social 
reunion,  where  we  may  discuss  with  each  other  in  a  friendly  manner 
matters  of  general  interest.  I  trust  that  during  the  present  meeting 
the  deliberations  may  be  carried  on  in  the  same  spirit  of  kindness 
and  forbearance  which  have  always  characterized  previous  meetings, 
and  in  conclusion  I  hope  that  we  all  may  long  be  spared  to  meet 
annually  and  derive  from  each  other  the  benefits  of  scientific  discus- 
sion and  enjoy  the  social  pleasures  of  mutual  intercourse. 

James  Fletcher. 


LARViE  OF  SEIRARCTIA  ECHO. 

BY    ANNIE    TRUMBULL    SLOSSON. 

I  have  received  the  following  very  interesting  letter  from  Mr.  A. 
J.  Brink,  of  Ormond,  Fla.  Mr.  Brink  is  an  intelligent  and  reliable 
observer,  and  what  he  writes  seems  to  confirm  the  statements  made 
to  me  by  many  persons  concerning  the  larvae  of  ^S.  echo  and  their 
habit  of  invariably  travelling  in  a  northerly  direction  : 

' '  During  the  last  week  in  April  I  saw  quite  a  novel  sight.  I 
was  driving  on  the  beach  with  a  friend  when,  about  six  miles  from 
Ormond,  we  saw  in  the  distance  a  dark  line  drawn  from  the  bluff  to 
the  water's  edge.  Beyond  it,  as  far  as  the  eye  could  distinguish,  the 
beach  was  covered  with  some  dark  substance.  Upon  approaching 
it  we  discovered  that  the  sand  was  literally  alive  with  the  larvae  of 
the  Echo  moth.  What  seemed  to  us  very  peculiar  was  the  well- 
defined  line  running  at  right  angles  to  the  bluff  and  reaching  to  the 
water.  Between  us  and  that  line  not  a  caterpillar  was  to  be  seen, 
while  beyond  it  were  countless  thousands  hurrying  along  in  the  same 
direction  toward  some  unknown  destination.  The  beach  at  this 
point  is  about  three  hundred  feet  wide,  and  for  more  than  two  miles 
we  drove  through  them.      I  know  I  do  not  exaggerate  when  I  say 


that  there  were  at  least  six  caterpillars  in  every  square  foot  for  the 
entire  distance.  Leaving  my  team  I  climbed  the  ridge  to  learn,  if 
possible,  why  they  were  thus  congregating  on  a  spot  so  entirely  de- 
void of  vegetation.  I  saw  at  once  that  their  well  known  habit  of 
travelling  in  a  northerly  direction  was  getting  them  into  trouble. 
The  beach  at  this  point  bears  considerably  west  of  north,  and  the 
caterpillars  on  reaching  the  edge  of  the  bluff  would  roll  down  to  the 
beach,  from  whence  it  was  impossible  to  return.  Even  here  they 
turned  neither  to  the  right  or  left,  but  persistently  crawled  on  to  the 
water's  edge,  where  each  receding  wave  would  carry  out  dozens, 
only  to  bring  them  back  dead  and  pile  them  up  in  ridges  on  the 
beach.  In  places  these  ridges  of  dead  caterpillars  would  be  fully 
four  inches  high.  After  driving  two  miles  or  more  we  found  the 
beach  suddenly  clear  of  them,  the  line  here  being  as  well  defined  as 
on  the  south  side,  where  we  first  approached  them.  While  watching 
them  I  went  inland  seventy-five  feet  or  more  into  the  palmetto  scrub. 
Here  they  were  not  nearly  as  thick,  but  there  were  a  great  many  on 
the  ground,  and  all  travelling  in  the  same  direction." 


SYNOPSES    OF    CERAMBYCIDyE. 

BY  CHARLES  W.    LENG,   B.  S. 
(Continued  from  p.  44,  vol.  iii) 

AGALLISSINI. 
The  characters  of  this  tribe  are  stated  in  Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc.  vii, 
p.   114,  and  are  fully  discussed  in  the   "Classification"   p.   306.      It 
contains  only  two  species,  both  very  rare  in  collections,  viz.  : 

Agallissus  gratus  Lee. 

Leiii^th  19  mm.  =  .75  inches.      Habitat. — Texas. 

Shining  black,  sparsely  punctured,  with  the  elytra  narrowed 
behind,  truncate  and  finely  serrate  at  tip,  ornamented  with  yellow- 
spots,  of  which  the  basal  pair  are  elongate.  Front  quadrate,  ob- 
lique ;  prothorax  rounded  on  the  sides  ;  sutural  spine  of  elytra  mod- 
erately prominent.  Antennae  slender,  shorter  than  the  body  in  both 
sexes. 

Zagymnus  clerinus  Lee.,  .S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  203. 
Length  13  mm.  =  .52  inches.     Habitat. — Florida. 

Opaque  black,  very  coarsely  and  deeply  punctured  with  the 
elytra  parallel  on  the  sides,  rounded  at  tip,  with  a  round  basal  spot 


and  two  broad  transverse  scarlet  bands,  interrupted  at  suture  and 
connected  at  margin  ;  sutural  spine  small.  Front  short,  vertical  ; 
prothorax  longer  than  wide.  Antennae  like  preceding.  A  specimen 
in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Ulke  is  entirely  black. 

ATIMIINI. 

Atimia  confusa  Say,  J.  A.   P.  v,  2,  1827,  p.  276  ;  Hald.,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil,  iv,  p. 
373  ;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.   2,  ii,  1S50,  p.  25  ;  fristis  Hald.,  Trans.  Am. 
Phil.  X,  p.  56. 
Length  10  mm.  =  .40  inches.     Habitat. — Texas. 
A.  dorsalis  Lee,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist,  iv,  1S69,  p.  385. 

Length  10  mm.  =  .40  inches.     Habitat. — Vancouver,  So.  Cala. 

Both  are  short,  stout  insects,  resembling  a  rather  stout  Lamiine. 
The  body  is  densely  clothed  with  long,  coarse,  luteous  hair,  with 
some  denuded  spots  on  the  thorax  and  elytra  ;  the  former  is  quad- 
rate transvere,  scarcely  rounded  on  the  sides  and  coarsely  punctured; 
the  flatter  a  little  broader,  truncate  at  tip,  more  faintly  and  \'ery 
sparsely  punctured,  with  several  rows  of  very  distant  larger  punc- 
tures. ' '  A.  do7'salis  is  closely  related  to  R.  confiisa,  but  differs  by 
' '  the  prothorax  being  less  transverse,  almost  quadrate  and  scarcely 
"  rounded  at  sides,  except  near  apex,  where  it  is  suddenly  narrowed. 
' '  The  arrangement  of  the  denuded  spots  is  somewhat  similar,  but 
' '  the  sides  of  the  thoracic  vitta  are  straight  and  the  elytral  spots  are 
"  confluent,  forming  a  vitta  extending  nearly  to  the  tip  with  two  ex- 
"  ternal  dilations"  (Lee.  1.  c.) 

LEPTUROIDES. 

The  fourth  and  last  division  of  the  Cerambycinse  is  characterized 
and  divided  as  follows  : 

Base  of  antennas  not  enveloped  by  the  eyes,  which  are  entire  or  emarginate, 
and  usually  finely  granulate  ;  front  coxje  conical  (except  in  Dis- 
tenia);  stridulating  plate  of  mesonotum  divided  by  a  smooth  space 
or  furrow. 

Mandibles  scalpriform,  not  fringed Disteniini. 

Mandibles  simple,  not  fringed Desmocerlni. 

Mandibles  acute,  fringed  on  the  inner  margin. 

Elytra  abbreviated Necydalini. 

Elytra  not  abbreviated. 

Front  nearly  vertical Encyclopiui. 

Front  oblique,  or  horizontal Lepturini. 

DLSTENIINI. 
Distenia  undata  Oliv.,  Ent.  iv,  69,  p.  25,  t.  2,  fig.  15;  Buquet,  Mag.  Zool.  1843, 
t.  118,  fig.  7;  Lee,  f.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  ii,  1850,  p.  37;  Lacord.,  Gen.  Atl. 
X,  t.  95,  fig.  I. 
Length  17 — 25  mm.  ^=  .70 — i.oo  inches.     Habitat. — Eastern  U.  S. 


Very  elongate,  brown,  clothed  with  dense  gray  pubescence  ; 
head  large,  horizontal  ;  antennae  about  as  long  as  the  body  ;  mandi- 
bles thick,  curved,  chisel  shaped  at  tip,  apical  edge  vertical,  sharp, 
straight  ;  prothorax  with  dorsal  ele\-ations  and  acute  lateral  spine  ; 
elytra  gradually  narrowed,  bispinose  at  tip,  bearing  two  distinct  dis- 
cal  costse  and  a  sutural  and  marginal  costa  fainter;  punctures  between 
large  and  distinct.  The  elytral  pubescence  is  partly  denuded,  leaving 
a  basal  blotch  and  two  angulate  bands  brown. 

DESMOCERINI. 

Four  species  of  Desmoceriis  form  this  tribe,  and  the  following- 
synopsis  has  been  published  by  Dr.  Horn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  ix, 
1881. 

Elytra  with  basal  half  yellow,  apex  blue,  disc  faintly  tricostate  .     .  palliatus. 
Elytra  either  entirely  yellow,  or  margined  with  yellow,  not  costate. 

Male  elytra  orange-yellow,   female  with  discal  blue  space  ;    punctuation 

moderately  coarse,  a  little  finer  near  apex auripennis. 

Elytra  similarly  colored  in  the  sexes,  both  narrowly  margined  with  yellow 
at  sides  and  base. 
Thorax  irregularly  plicate  ;  elytra  coarsely  and  deeply  punctured  from 

base  to  apex cribripennis. 

Thorax  densely  punctured,  regularly  convex  ;  elytra  moderately  coarsely 
punctured  at  base,  more  finely  and  densely  at  apex  .     .  californicus. 

D.  palliatus  Forst.,  Nov.  Spec.  Ins.  1771,  p.  40 ;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  318; 

Harris,  Ins.  Mass.  p.  92;   blaiidus  Fab.,  Syst.  Ent.  p.  182;  cyaneiis 

Fab.,  Syst.  Ent.  App.  1775,  p.  823  ;  elongatiis  Bland.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc. 

Phil,  i,  1862,  p.  269. 

Length  17—23  mm.  =  .70— .90  inches.    Hab.—La..,  N.  C,  N.  Y.  Ct  ,  Va.  Pa. 

D.  auripennis  Chev.,  Rev.  Zool.  1855,  p.  187  ;  Ann.  Fr.  1858.  p.  325,  t.  8,  f  6. 
Lengtli  22  mm.  =  .88  inches  ;    'S  ? .     Habifat.—Ci\\^.,  Nev. 

D.  cribripennis  Horn,  Trans.,  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  ix,  1881,  p.  7. 

Lengtii  16  mm.   '^  ,  20  mm.   9  =.64 — .80  inches.     Hab. — So.  Cala.,  Wash. 

D.  californicus  Horn,  1.  c. 

Length  12  mm.   t, ,  18  mm.   9  =  .48— .92  inches.     Habi la f.—C^W^orma.. 

NECVDALINI. 

This  tribe  contains  four  species  in  two  genera,  all  of  considerable 
size  and  conspicuous  among  the  Longhorns  by  the  abbreviated  elytra, 
which  are  scarcely  longer  than  the  thorax,  dehiscent  and  separately 
rounded  at  tip.     They  may  be  separated  as  follows  : 


Last  joint  of  palpi  oval  ;  third  and  fourth  antennal  joints  together  not  longer 

than  the  fifth Ulochaetes  leoninus. 

Last  joint  of  palpi  bell  shaped  ;   tliird  and  fourth  antennal  joints  together 

distinctly  longer  than  fifth Necydalis. 

Elytra  obliquely  impressed  only N.  mellltUS. 

Elytra  obliquely  impressed  and  also  transversely  near  tip. 

Antennae  more  slender,  fourth  joint  longer N.  laevicollis. 

Antennas  stouter,  fourth  joint  shorter N.  cavipenilis. 

The  fourth  antennal  joint  in  cavipennis  %,  is  scarcely  more  than  half  as  long- 
as  the  third.  In  the  9  it  is  not  so  conspicuously  short,  but  still  much 
shorter  than  in  Icrvicollis. 

U.  leoninus  Lee,  Proc  Ac.  Phil,  vii,  p.  82  ;  Ent.  Rept.  1S57,  p.  62,  t.  2,  f  12. 
Length  25  mm.  =^  i.oo  inches.     Habitat. — Oregon,  Nevada. 

The  short  elytra  and  great  size  will  quickly  distinguish  this  re- 
markable species.  It  is  very  robust  and  hairy,  and  seems  to  be  rare 
in  collections. 

N.  mellitus  Say,  Bost.  Journ.  i,  1835,  p.  194;  amcrkana  9  Hald.,  Trans.  Am. 
Phil.  X,  p.  44  ;  Proc.  Ac.  Phil,  iv,  p.  372. 
Length  15 — 21  mm.  =  .60 — 84  inches.     Hab.—XwA.,  Pa. 

Color  variable,  usually  rufotestaceous,  head,  antennae  (base  and 
tip  tinged  with  rufous),  thorax,  scutellum  and  abdomen  above  black; 
elytra  punctate,  more  coarsely  towards  the  margin  ;  reddish  brown 
with  paler  spot  at  tip,  or  entirely  rufotestaceous.  The  oblique  im- 
pression is  not  deep,  and  does  not  reach  the  tip. 

N.  laevicollis  Lee,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist,  iv,  1869,  p.  383. 
Length  16  mm.  =  .64  inches.      Hah. — Nevada,  Vane. 

Color  variable,  rufous  or  piceous.  The  form  is  more  robust 
than  the  preceding,  and  the  elytra  are  roughly  punctured  with  a 
strongly  marked  impression  near  the  suture  and  slightly  oblique. 
Near  the  tip  is  a  sharply  defined  transverse  impression,  behind 
which  the  tip  is  obliquely  elevated. 

N.  cavipennis  Lee,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  204. 

Length  18 — 22  mm.  =  .72 — .88  mm.     Hab. — Cala. 

Color  is  variable  as  in  the  preceding,  which  it  strongly  resem- 
bles. It  is,  however,  stouter,  and  besides  the  differences  in  antennce 
stated  in  above  table,  the  elytra  are  impressed  nearer  the  tip,  which 
is  more  suddenly  concave. 

ENCYCLOPINI. 

This  tribe  contains  three  genera,  each  represented  by  a  single 
species.     The  generic  characters  briefly  are  : 


—  13— 

Tarsi  wider,  joints  i — 3  brushlike  beneatli Pyrotrichus. 

Tarsi  slender,  first  joint  very  loni?. 

Hind  tarsi  with  basal  joint  sulcate.  brushlike  at  sides Leptalia. 

Hind  tarsi  with  basal  joint  cylindrical,  not  brushlike    ....  Encyclops. 

P.  vitticoUis  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  1862,  p.  41. 

Lent^th  12  mm.  =  .48  inches.     Hab. — Cala. 

Black,  opaque  ;  with  head,  scutelkim  and  three  thoracic  vittae 
broadly  fulvo-pubescent  ;  elytra  coarsely  punctured,  margin  behind 
and  at  apex  reflexed,  tip  feebly  truncate.  In  each  of  the  elytral 
punctures  is  contained  a  very  minute  brown  hair. 

L.  macilenta  Mann.,  Bull.  Mosc.  1853,  iii,  p.  253  ;  Lacord.,  Gen.  Col.  1869,  p. 
446. 
Length  8  mm.  =  .32  inches.     Hab. — Alaska. 

Black,  densely  punctured;  prothorax  narrow^er  than  the  head, 
deeply  constricted  before  and  behind,  the  sides  obtusely,  but  strongly 
dilated;  elytra  elongate,  parallel,  feebly  truncate  at  tip.  Antennae 
long  and  slender  as  in  Encyclops,  to  which  this  insect  is  closely 
allied.  The  elytra  are  sometimes  yellow,  with  suture  and  broad 
sublateral  \'itta  black. 

Var.  frankenhauseri  Mann.,  1.  c. 

The  elytra  are  yellow,  with  one  black  vitta  only,  and  the  legs 
are  testaceous. 

Yar.  fuscicoUis  Lee,  Ent.  Rept.  1857,  p.  65;  Ann.  Nat.  Hist,  iv,  1869,  p.  383. 
Length  10  mm.  =  .40  inches.     Hab. — Or.,  Vane,  Cala. 

The  elytral  vitta  is  very  indistinct,  and  the  body  is  testaceous. 
The  legs  are  testaceous,  sometimes  varied  with  black. 

E.  cceruleus  Say,  J.  A.  P.  v,  2,  1827,  p.  280  ;  Lee,  J.  A.   P.  ser.  2,  i,  1850,  p. 
317  ;  palHpes  Newm.,  Ent.  Mag.  v,  p.  392. 
Length  7—8  mm.  =  .28 — .32  inches.   Hab.— Can.,  Ct.,  L.  Sup.,  N.  111.,  N.  Y. 
Very  elongate  and  slender,  green  or  blue,  shining  and  coarsely 
punctured  ;  legs  and  antennas  very  slender,  testaceous  ;  thorax  nar- 
rower   than    head,    tuberculate    at    sides  ;    elytra    parallel,    sparsely 
rounded  at  tip. 

(To  be  continued.) 


A  New  Orthopter  from  Tennessee. 

BY  DK.  F.  \V.  CODING. 

Stetheophyma  doranii  n.  sp.  Yertex  swollen  at  border  of  eyes;  no  medial 
ridge  extending  o\  er  top  of  head  as  in  lineata,  but  top  flattened,  slightly  sul- 
cate;   foveolce   medium,    shallow,   triangular.       Pronotuni   finely  punctured; 


—  14— 

lateral  carinae  divergent,  subdistinct  on  anterior  half,  somev\hat  prominent  on 
posterior  half,  not  broken.  Elytra  long,  narrow,  strongly  swollen,  curve  5  mm. 
from  base,  on  costal  border.  Color  dark  brown,  spotted  with  ochreous  ; 
markings  of  head  and  pronotum  as  in  gracilis.  Ochreous  along  costal  edge 
for  about  half  the  length,  remainder  and  dot  or  swollen  curve,  black;  no  such 
broad  band  as  in  lineata  ;  three  interrupted  ochreous  bands  pass  from  costa 
over  suture  to  costa  ;  dirty  yellowish  stripe  along  each  lateral  angle  from  base 
of  elytra  nearly  to  apex  of  abdomen  ;  apex  translucent,  dusky.  Basal  two- 
thirds  of  wings  bright  lemon-yellow,  fuliginous  band  passing  over  outer  third, 
apex  translucent,  fuscous.  Front  and  middle  legs  dirty  ochreous;  hind  femora 
ochreous,  apex  black,  basal  half  of  inner  side  shining  fuscous  with  spot  of 
same  color  between  it  and  apex;  swollen  and  flattened  at  base.  Hind  tibiae 
brownish  olive,  with  band  of  yellow  near  base;  tips  of  spines  black.  Hind 
tarsi  and  spurs  of  tibiae  piceous.  Length  to  apex  of  elytra  28  mm.;  elytra 
19  mm.;  hind  femora  12  mm.  (type  in  F.  W.  G.  coll.) 

Habitat. — East  Tennessee. 

Described  from  one  female  named  in  honor  of  Prof.  E.  W. 
Doran,  State  Entomologist  of  Tennessee,  who  kindly  furnished  the 

specimen. 

» 

Preparatory  Stages  of  Plusia  Californica. 

BY    HARRISON    G.    DYAR.     . 

Egg. — Hemispherical  rounded  at  the  base,  the  apex  with  a 
rounded  depression.     Finely  creased  vertically.     Color  pale  yellow. 

First  larval  stage. — Head  somewhat  cordate,  black  and  shiny. 
Cervical  spot  and  thoracic  legs  faintly  blackish.  Body  pale  yellow, 
with  black  hairs.  The  larva  eat  the  under  part  of  the  leaf  and  rest 
on  the  abdominal  legs  with  the  body  bent  up  in  a  closed  loop,  the 
head  touching  the  leaf.  They  walk  like  a  geometer,  as  the  last 
three  pairs  of  legs  only  are  present.  Duration  of  this  stage  three 
days. 

Second  larval  stage. — Head  whitish.  Body  green,  with  a  trans- 
verse row  of  black  spots  per  segment  bearing  black  hairs.  A  sub- 
dorsal and  a  stigmatal  whitish  line.  Joint  12  is  enlarged,  as  in  many 
noctuid  larvae. 

Third  larval  stage. — Head  greenish,  with  minute  black  dots 
and  black  hairs;  jaws  reddish.  Body  green,  with  white  piliferous 
dots  having  black  centres.  On  joints  5,  6  and  7  is  a  distinct  black 
spot  in  the  subdorsal  space.  A  narrow  subdorsal  and  broader  stig- 
matal white  line,  the  former  supplemented  by  two  indistinct  longi- 
tudinal white  streaks.  Body  furnished  with  a  few  black  hairs. 
Length  about  7  mm. 

Duration  of  this  stage  three  days. 


—  15— 

Fourth  larval  stage. — Head  green,  with  minute  brown  speckles 
and  a  few  black  hairs;  eyes,  jaws  and  palpi  brown.  Body  green,  a 
broad  white  stigmatal  line,  a  narrow  subdorsal  one  and  two  more  in 
the  subdorsal  space  also  white.  The  upper  of  these  lines  is  some- 
what wa\'y  and  interrupted,  and  the  lower  one  is  broader  than  the 
subdorsal  line.  On  each  joint  two  rows  of  white  dots  with  black 
centres  bearing  short  black  hairs.  The  spots  alternate  on  the  mid- 
dle joints.  Thoracic  feet  tinged  with  blackish,  the  abdominal  con- 
colorous  with  the  body.      Length  about  12  mm. 

Duration  three  days.  During  this  stage  and  subsequently  the 
larva  eat  the  whole  leaf  instead  of  the  lower  portion  as  previously. 
If  disturbed,  the  insect  curls  spirally  and  falls  to  the  ground  with 
contortions. 

Fifth  larval  stage — Mature  lar\'a.  Head  shiny  green,  jaws 
brown,  palpi  black.  In  some  examples  there  is  a  black  stripe  on 
the  head.  Body  dark  green,  the  lines  as  in  the  previous  stage,  the 
stigmatal  ending  sharply  above,  but  blended  ventrally. 

The  elevated  spots  bearing  white  hairs  are  whitish,  except  the 
suprastigmal  ones,  which  still  have  black  centres.  Cervical  spot  and 
anal  plates  dull  pale  green.  The  stigmatal  space  and  venter  have 
some  minute  white  spots,  and  on  each  joint  from  5  to  10  inclusive, 
there  is  a  small  black  dorsal  spot  situated  anteriorly.  Spiracles 
white  in  a  black  oval.  Thoracic  feet  blackish;  joint  12  is  slightly 
enlarged  and  joint  13  is  small.  The  abdominal  legs  throughout 
its  history,  consists  of  only  three  pair  on  joints  g,  10  and  13,  and 
the  lar\a  walks  like  a  geometer.     Length  25  mm. 

Duration  of  this  stage  four  days. 

The  insect  spins  a  thin  web  of  white  silk  in  which  to  pupate, 
■drawing  together  any  loose  objects  to  assist  in  covering  it,  and  this 
operation,  together  with  the  preparation  for  pupation,  occupies  two 
days. 

Pupa. — Depressed  somewhat  above  the  wing  cases  at  back  of 
the  thorax,  the  eyes  prominent,  the  tongue  case  projecting  below 
the  wing  cases,  forming  a  round  prominence  over  the  first  abdominal 
segment.  The  cremaster  is  short  and  blunt,  and  the  hooks  with 
which  it  is  furnished,  are  fastened  in  the  silk  of  the  cocoon.  Wing- 
cases  slightly  creased.  Color  brownish  black,  but  paler  at  the  join- 
ings of  the  parts  and  between  the  abdominal  joints.  In  occasional 
instances  the  whole  pupa  is  pale. 

Duration  of  this  stage  twelve  days. 

Food- Plant. — MaK'a.      Larvae  from  Los  Angeles  Count}-,  Cala. 

For  the  determination  of  this  species  I  am  indebted  to  the  kind- 
ness of  Prof  John  B.  Smith. 


— 16— 

FOOD-PLANTS  OF  LEPIDOPTERA  No.  13. 

(Halisidota  cary.e,   Harr.) 

BY  WM.   BEUTENMULLER. 
TILIACE^. 

Tilia  Americana,  L.  (Basswood). 
"     Europea  (European  Linden). 
"     alba,  Michx.  (White  Linden). 
SAPINDACE^. 
Acer  dasycarpum,  Chr.  (Silver  Maple), 
rubrum,  L.  (Red  Maple). 
"     pseudoplatanus,  L. 
Negundo  aceroides,  Moench.  (Box  Elder). 

ROSACEA. 
Prunus  serotina,  Ehr.  (Wild  black  cherry). 

Virginiana,  L.  (choke  cherry). 
Pyrus  malus,  Tourn.  (apple). 

HAMAMELACE^. 
Hamamelis  Virginica,  L.  (Witch-hazel). 

OLEACE^. 
Eraxinus  Americana,  L.  (White  Ash). 

URTICACE^. 
Ulmus  Americana,  L.  (American  Elm), 
fulva,  Michx.  (Slippery  Elm). 
"      campestris,  L.  (English  Eield  Elm). 
Celtis  occidentalis,  L.  (Hackberry). 

PLATANACE^. 
Platanus  occidentalis,  L.  (Sycamore). 
"         orientalis,  L.  (Oriental  Plane). 
CUPULIFERA. 
Ouercus  alba,  L.  (White  Oak), 
rubra  (Red  Oak). 
"         palustris,  Du  Roi  (Pin  Oak). 
Castania  vesca,  L.  (Chestnut). 
Fagus  ferruginea,  Ait  (America  Beech). 
Carpinus  Americana,  Michx.  (Hornbeam). 

BETULACE^. 
Betula  alba,  L.  (White  Birch). 

"       populifolia,  Spach. 

"       papyrifera,  Marsh.  (Paper  Birch). 
Alnus  serrulata,  Willd.  (Black  Alder). 

JUGLANDACE^. 
Juglans  nigra,  L.  (Black  Walnut). 

cinerea,  L.  (Butternut). 
Carya  alba,  Nutt.  (Shell-bark  Hickory), 
tomentosa,  Nutt.  (Bull  nut). 
"       porcina,  Nutt.  (Pig  nut). 


—17— 
NOTES  AND  NEWS. 


A  supplement  to  the  ' '  Catalogue  of  the  Coleoptera  common  to 
North  America,  northern  Asia  and  Europe  is  in  course  of  prepara- 
tion. Information  of  the  capture  in  North  America  of  the  following 
species  and  other  cosmopolites  is  greatly  desired,  and  those  having 
any  of  them  in  their  collections  will  receive  due  credit  if  they  com- 
municate them  to  the  undersigned  before  long;  few  of  them  have 
even  a  name  in  our  literature,  and  it  will  be  of  value  to  science  to 
place  the  fact  on  record  if  any  of  them  exist  in  American  collections: 

Falagria  longipes  {fovea,  cur  rax),  Thectura  {Dinarea)  angus- 
tula,  Phlaeopora  latens  (inajor),  Homolota  cavifrons,  H.  picipes 
{parva),  H.  coriaria,  H.  divisa,  H.  palustris,  H.  aquatica,  H.  ovaria, 
H.  graminicola,  H.  sulcifrons  {pavens),  Aleochara  puberula  {vaga, 
dubia),  A.  morion,  A.  verna  {binoiata),  Microglossa  suturalis  { prcE- 
textatd),  Sipalia  haemorrhoidalis  Heer  (y/^;;zz^a),*Placusa  complanata 
Er. ,  Oligota  pumilio  (pedalis),  O.  pusilllma,  Gyrophaena  strictula, 
Baptolinus  longiceps,  Xantholinus  punctulatus,  Medon  debilicornis 
{asteria,  effluens),  Hypociptus  laeviusculus,  Mycetoporus  punctus, 
M.  punctipennis,  M.  brunneus,  Bledius  opacus,  Oxytelus  laqueatus 
(Juteipennis),  Trogophlceus  bilineatus,  T.  fuliginosus,  T.  gracilis 
{tenelhis),  Acidota  quadrum,  var.  alpinum,  A.  brachypterum,  Ho- 
malium  c^esum,  Scymnus  arcuatus,  Laemophloeus  fractipennis, 
Cryptophagus  scutangulus,  C.  afifinis,  Atomaria  apicalis,  Dermestes 
peruvianus  {hcBtnorrhoidalis) ,  Lathridius  transversus,  L.  (Melanop- 
thalma)  gibbosa,  Corticari^  fulva,  Ostoma  {PelHs)  grossum,  O.  ob- 
longulum,  Lophocoteres  (gen.  ofTrogosit.)pusillus,  Lyctus  brunneus 
Tribolium  confusum.     All  Rhyncophorae  not  in  the  Catalogue. 

John  Hamilton,  i8  Ohio  St.,  Allegheny,  Pa. 


We  are  to  have  a  new  entomological  journal,  to  be  published 
under  the  auspices  of  the  Entomological  Section  of  the  Academy  of 
Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  and  the  American  Entomological 
Society. 

It  is  to  be  called  "  Entomological  News,"  and  to  cost  one  dollar 
per  annum,  for  ten  numbers  of  sixteen  pages  each. 

The  editor  is  Mr.  Eugene  M.  Aaron;  the  advisory  committee: 
George  H.  Horn,  M.D. ,  E.  T.  Cresson,  Henry  Skinner,  M.D.  and 
Philip  P.  Calvert. 

Entomologica  Americana.    Vol.  VI.     2  January,  1890. 


— 18— 

There  is  room  for  a  journal  to  cover  the  field  proposed  to  be 
covered  by  this  paper,  and  if  it  is  as  well  done  as  it  ought  to  be  by 
the  gentlemen  above  named,  it  will  be  indispensible  for  every  work- 
ing entomologist. 


Bibliographical  Catalogue  of  the  described  transformations  of  North  American 
Lepidoptera  by  Henry  Edwards.  Bulletin  No.  35  of  the  U.  S.  National 
Museum. 

No  more  generally  useful,  and  to  the  Lepidopterist  indispensi- 
ble work,  has  been  issued  for  some  time.  It  is  a  valuable  guide  to 
those  who  breed  insects,  for  it  enables  them  to  see  what  has  been 
done,  and  to  fill  up  omissions.  It  ought  to  prevent  the  continual 
redescription  of  species  described  in  all  stages  ad  7iauseum,  while 
some  of  the  many  species  that  I  know  have  been  bred  should  now  be 
published. 

According  to  this  list  a  grand  total  of  1069  species  are  known 
in  some  of  the  early  stages.  Of  these  the  Rhopalocera  have  180 
species,  the  Sphingidcs  55;  Sesiidce,  16;  ZyS^^^*^^  U-')^  13!  Bom- 
byces,  178;  Noduidce,  188;  Geometridce,  loi;  Pyralidts,  39;  Tor- 
tricidcB,  61;    Tineid(Z,  222;  Pterophoridcc,  16. 

Mr.  Edwards  deserves  the  thanks  of  all  Lepidopterists  for  this 
painstaking  and  extremely  useful  work. 


New  Species  of  Mexican  Lepidoptera. 

BY  WM.    SCHAUS,  JR. 

ERYCINID^. 
Subfamily  Erycinin^. 

Garia  melicerta  n.  sp.  Above  deep  brown,  with  a  slightly  lilacine  bloom 
on  the  wings;  several  indistinct  wavy  transverse  bands  of  a  darker  shade  of 
brown.  The  outer  margins  reddish  brown  divided  by  a  steel  gray  line;  a 
submarginal  dark  line  outwardly  bordered  on  the  secondaries  by  a  metallic 
green  streak,  and  about  the  center  of  the  costal  margin  of  the  primaries  is  a 
cluster  of  metallic  green  scales.  Underneath  reddish  brown,  darker  at  the 
apex  of  the  primaries,  spotted  with  black.  Along  the  costal  margin  of  the 
primaries  a  series  of  metallic  gray  spots,  a  marginal  line  of  the  same  character 
on  the  primaries,  and  a^marginal  and  submarginal  row  of  similar  spots  on  tlie 
secondaries.   The  9  differs  above  in  being  paler,  having  the  transverse  bands 


—19— 

jnure  distinct  and  broken  into  a  series  of  spots.  Underneath  the  wings  are 
yellowish  brown  and  all  the  spots  are  metallic  gray,  in  some  instances  faintly 
outlined  with  black.     Expands  23—25  mm.;  8  c?d^  2  $  ?. 

Paso  de  San  Juan. 

This  species  is  near  Caria  ino,  Godman  &  Salvin. 

Lasaia  sessilis  n.  sp.  Primaries  above  dark  lustrous  gray  crossed  by 
irregular  black  lines,  a  marginal  row  of  dark  spots  and  a  submarginal  dark 
wavy  band.  Underneath  paler  with  the  transverse  lines  broken  up  into  spots, 
the  marginal  spots  very  small  and  the  submarginal  wavy  band  decidedly  in- 
distinct, especially  on  the  primaries.  Expands  28  mm. ;  4  (^(^. 
Coatepec. 

Theope  eupolis  n.  sp.  Primaries  above  black,  with  a  small  patch  of  blue 
at  the  base  of  the  inner  margin,  and  hardly  extending  above  the  median  vein. 
Secondaries  blue,  with  the  costal  margin,  and  the  apical  half  of  the  outer 
margin  broadly  black.  Underneath  light  brown  with,  at  the  anal  angle,  two 
or  three  indistinct  black  spots  edged  inwardly  with  light  blue.  Expanse 
30-35  mm.;  2  J^cf  3  ?  9-  • 

Paso  de  San  Juan. 

This  species  comes  very  close  to  Theope  virgelius  Fabr. ,  but  is 
easily  recognized  by  the  smaller  extent  of  blue  on  the  primaries  and 
the  black  margin  to  the  secondaries. 

Theope  bacenis  n.  sp.  Primaries  above  bleck,  with  a  large  bright  blue 
space  at  the  base  along  the  inner  margin.  This  color  does  not  extend  above 
the  subcostal  vein,  nor  beyond  the  cell.  At  the  end  of  the  cell  is  a  band. 
Secondaries,  which  are  rather  produced  at  the  anal  angle,  bright  blue.  The 
costal  margin  black.  Underneath  brown,  yellowish  at  the  base  of  the  prima- 
ries, the  wings  being  crossed  from  the  apex  of  the  primaries  to  the  center  of 
the  anal  margin  by  a  dark  brown  band.  Expands  ^i  '"'"• ;  i  <3'- 
Coatepec. 

SPHINGIDyE. 

Subfamily  Macroglossin^. 

Enyo  taedium  n.  sp.  The  male  closely  allied  to  the  male  of  Enyo  gorgon, 
having  the  same  general  aspect  and  peculiar  fold  of  the  cell  as  in  that  species. 
The  costal  margin  is,  however,  straighter,  the  wings  are  not  so  long,  and  the 
body  is  also  shorter  and  less  tapering  than  in  Enyo  gorgon.  Primaries  red- 
dish brown  crossed  by  numerous  wavy  bands  of  a  deeper  brown.  The  apical 
portion  of  the  wing  is  rather  darker,  except  a  lighter  space  situate  along  the 
center  of  the  outer  margin  and  inwardly  curved.  On  the  costal  margin  close 
to  the  apex  is  a  small  dark  brown  triangular  spot.  Secondaries  reddish 
brown,  darkest  at  their  base  and  with  a  central  and  submarginal  wavy  brown 
line.  Underneath  reddish  brown,  gray  along  the  outer  margin  of  the  prima- 
ries with  two  wavy  brown  lines  crossing  the  wings  beyond  the  cells.  Head 
reddish  brown.     Thorax  l)rown,  with  a  darker  shade  crossing  the  patagiai. 


20 — 

Abdomen  brown,  with  dorsal  tufts  of  curly  scales  and  a  dark  brown  spot  on 
the  anal  segment;  the  anal  lateral  tufts  also  darker  brown.    Expanse  57  mm. ; 

Jalapa,  Coatepec. 

Enyo  riscus  n.  sp.  Primaries  above  brown  with  a  puq^lish  gloss,  crossed 
by  several  wa\'y  brown  lines  from  the  costal  to  the  inner  margins.  A  con- 
spicuous dark  curved  line  extends  from  the  apex  to  the  internal  angle,  en- 
closing the  outer  marginal  space,  which  is  of  a  darker  purplish  brown  than 
the  rest  of  the  wing.  Secondaries  purplish  brown  with  the  base,  the  inner 
margin  narrowly,  and  the  costal  margin  broadly  yellow,  the  dark  portion  of 
the  wing  being  crossed  by  a  few  wavy  brown  lines.  Underneath  wings  yel- 
low, thickly  speckled  with  brown  scales,  the  outer  margins  of  the  primaries 
with  the  same  markings  as  on  the  upper  side,  but  not  so  dark,  and  between 
this  space  and  the  cell  three  wavy  brown  lines  cross  the  wing  from  the  costal 
margin  to  the  inner  margin.  On  the  secondaries  the  outer  margin  is  broadly 
bordered  with  purplish  brown  and  the  wing  is  also  crossed  by  two  distinct 
wavy  brown  lines  from  the  costal  margin  to  the  anal  angle.  Head,  thorax 
and  abdomen  purple  brown  above,  with  a  dark  subdorsal  line.  Underneath 
yellowish,  speckled  with  brown.  Expanse  53  mm. ;  i  (^. 
Rinconada. 

Calliomma  germen  n.  sp.  Primaries  above  dark  olivaceous  gray,  with  an 
indistinct  inner  and  an  outer  transverse  wavy  band-  of  a  darker  shade.  A 
marginal  row  of  small  dark  spots,  beyond  which  the  wing  is  thickly  speckled 
with  blackish  scales.  Fringe  brown.  Secondaries  brownish  black;  fringe 
alternately  brown  and  white.  Underneath  light  greenish  gray,  the  wings 
thickly  speckled  with  short  dark  streaks,  except  the  basal  half  of  the  prima- 
ries, which  is  clothed  with  long  dark  brown  scales.  Head  and  thorax  green- 
ish; a  white  line  behind  the  eyes.  Abdomen  brownish  gray  above,  whitish 
underneath.  Expanse  62  mm. ;  i  (^. 
Coatepec. 

Pergesa  mexicana  n.  sp.  Primaries  above  olive-brown,  paler  along  the 
outer  margin;  an  indistinct  inner  curved  band  from  the  costal  margin  to  the 
base  of  the  submedian  vein;  also  three  outer  contiguous  transverse  wavy 
bands  of  a  slightly  darker  shade,  and  beyond  these  a  marginal  row  of  small 
spots,  about  the  center  of  which  is  a  cluster  of  black  scales,  and  the  outer 
margin  is  speckled  with  short  black  streaks.  Fringe  brown.  Secondaries 
brown;  fringe  brown,  whitish  at  the  anal  angle.  Underneath  greenish  brown, 
speckled  with  black,  lighter  than  the  upper  side,  except  the  base  and  central 
portion  of  the  primaries,  which  are  dark  olivaceous  brown.  On  both  prima- 
ries and  secondaries  a  conspicuous  marginal  row  of  small  black  spots.  Head 
and  thorax  olive-brown  with  a  pinkish  streak  extending  from  the  antennae 
along  the  sides  of  the  thorax.  Abdomen  above  olive-brown,  underneath 
pink.  Expanse  (^  55  mm.;  9  7°  mm.  3  J^J^  i  $. 
Paso  de  San  Juan. 

(To  be  continued.) 


AmerigAna 


VOL.  YI. 


BROOKLYN,  FEBRUARY,  1890. 


No.  2. 


NE\/V  CYNIPIDiE. 

BY  C.    P.    GILLETTE. 
f)N  BUR-OAK  {Quercus  macrocarpa). 

Neuroterus  flavipes  n.  sp.  Gall. — A  hard  woody  swelling  of 
the  mid-rib  or  one  of  the  main  veins  of  a  leaf,  the  leaf  becoming 
much  wrinkled  and  deformed  as  the  result.  Large  galls  measure 
three-fourths  of  an  inch  in  length  and  one-fourth  of  an  inch  in  width. 
The  flies  usually  escape  from  the  upper  surface,  sometimes  through 
a  slightly  raised  teat-like  projection. 

Galls  were  gathered  at  Ames,  Iowa,  July  6,  iS88,  from  which 
the  flies  had  already  begun  to  issue. 

Gall-fly — -Female. — Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  black;  antennae 
and  legs  light  yellow;  length  1.6  mm. 

Head  entirely  black,  face  very  sparsely  set  with  short  gray  hairs  and 
finely  rugose;  vertex,  genae  and  occiput  finely  rugose.  Antennae  i3-j()inted, 
first  two  joints  stout,  and  nearly  equal  in  length,  third  joint  longest,  fourth  to 
thirteenth  subequal  in  length,  last  six  or  seven  joints  forming  a  slight  club; 
color  light  yellow.  Thorax  black,  finely  rugose,  densely  pitted  on  the  shoul- 
ders, and  very  thinly  set  with  short  gray  pubescence.  Two  shining,  black, 
parallel  lines,  begin  at  the  collar  and  run  back  about  half  way  to  the  scutel- 
lum.  Parapsidal  grooves  shallow,  and  can  be  traced  about  two-thirds  of  the 
way  from  the  scutellum  to  the  collar.  Outside  of  each  parapsidal  groove  is 
a  short  depressed  line  beginning  near  the  base  of  the  scutellum  and  running 
parallel  with  the  groove  past  the  base  of  the  wing.  Scutellum  entirely  black, 
densely  pitted,  and  with  two  shallow  fovese  that  are  almost  obsolete.  Legs 
light  yellow,  with  the  thighs  and  tibiae  dark,  sometimes  almost  black  ;  base 
of  coxae  and  pulvilli  black.  Abdomen  black,  polished,  and  with  very  few 
hairs.  Ovipositor  sheaths  protruding.  Wings  hyaline  ;  veins  rather  slender 
and  light  yellow  in  color,  areolet  wanting,  cubitus  and  anal  vein  almost  obso- 
lete, and  the  radial  nervure  not  reaching  the  costal  margin.     The  anterior 


Entomologica  Americana.  Vol.  VI. 


F'EBRU.^RV,  1890. 


22 

wings  are  without  a  fringe  of  hairs  upon  their  borders  and  the  hairs  upon  the 
surface  of  the  wings  are  not  well  developed,  but  appear  in  most  cases  as 
minute  specks.     Described  from  thirteen  reared  specimens. 

Male. — Antennae  15-jointed,  filiform,  and  longer  than  the  body  ;  parapsi- 
dal  grooves  more  distinct  than  in  the  female  ;  wings  with  fringe  of  hairs  and 
hairs  better  developed  on  the  surface  of  the  wing.  Length  1.4  mm.;  other- 
wise as  female. 

Neuroterus  vernus  n.  sp.  Galls. — Almost  identical  with  those 
of  Neuroterus  mimita  Bass.  When  occurring;  upon  the  leaves  they 
are  simply  enlarged  petioles,  but  the  leaf  usually  becomes  very  much 
dwarfed  and  deformed.  The  galls  also  occur  in  large  numbers  on 
the  stamen  catkins,  in  which  case  the  catkins  become  much  enlarged 
and  irregularly  sw^oUen,  and  remain  green  upon  the  tree  until  the 
gall-flies  within  have  completed  their  growth.  The  eggs  are  de- 
posited in  the  buds  of  the  bur-oak  early  in  April,  and  the  flies  issue 
early  in  June.  Galls  taken  June  10,  1888,  had  lost  most  of  their 
flies.  On  April  9,  1889,  the  tree  from  which  these  galls  were  taken 
was  again  visited,  the  day  being  warm  and  bright,  and  the  females 
found  present  in  great  numbers  busily  depositing  their  eggs.  From 
one  to  a  half  dozen  or  more  of  these  flies  were  present  upon  every 
bud,  into  w^iich  their  ovipositors  were  deeply  inserted.  The  galls 
resulting  from  eggs  deposited  at  this  time,  began  to  give  a  second 
brood  of  flies  May  i6th.  The  tree  was  also  visited  on  a  bright  day 
about  the  middle  of  April  for  the  purpose  of  determining  w^hether 
or  not  the  egg-laying  had  ceased.  At  this  time  no  living  flies  could 
be  found,  but  many  dead  ones  were  seen  that  had  not  been  able  to 
remove  their  ovipositors  from  the  place  where  the  last  eggs  were 
laid.  At  this  time  the  twigs  of  the  tree  were  literally  covered  with 
what  would  be  termed  ' '  honey-dew' '  which  had  oozed  out  from  the 
myriad  punctures  that  the  buds  had  sustained  a  week  or  ten  days 
before.  This  shiny,  sticky  material  tasted  very  sweet,  and  one  who 
did  not  know  what  had  happened  to  the  tree  a  few  days  previous 
might  well  wonder  what  could  be  the  source  of  this  sweet  substance 
if  it  did  not  gather  as  a  dew.  This  is  one  of  the  most  abundant  of 
the  gall-flies  in  this  vicinity  where  a  bur-oak  tree  can  hardly  be 
found,  the  foliage  of  which  has  not  been  seriously  damaged  by  it. 

Gall-fly — Female. — Except  joints  of  legs  and  tarsi,  black;  these 
parts  yellowish  brown;  antennae  12-jointed,  the  second  joint  most 
robust;   i  — 1.3  mm.  in  length. 

Face  smooth,  shining  black,  or  very  finely  rugose,  and  with  very  few 
hairs.  Mandibles  black  at  tip,  and  black  or  brown-black  at  base  ;  palpi 
brown  ;  antennae  with  first  and  second  joints  stout  and  subequal  in  length, 
third  joint  longest  and  most  slender,  joints  somewhat  enlarging  towards  the 


—23— 

tip.  making  a  very  slight  club,  terminal  joint  but  slightly  longer  than  the  pre- 
ceding, and  each  joint  with  a  few  short  hairs.  The  antenna  reaches  slightly 
beyond  the  thorax  and  is  composed  of  twelve  joints.  Sometimes  the  terminal 
joint,  when  in  a  favorable  light,  appears  to  be  divided  into  two.  Thorax 
polished  and  without  parapsidal  grooves  or  hairs.  The  mesothorax  is  notched 
posteriorly,  making  the  scutellum  appear  unifoveate.  Scutellum  smooth  and 
polished,  and  with  a  few  scattering  hairs,  but  no  foveae.  Abdomen  short, 
truncate,  entirely  black  and  polished.  Ovipositor  sheaths  usually  not  visible; 
when  the  ovipositor  is  exserted  full  length  it  is  longer  than  the  abdomen. 
\\'ings  1.5  mm.  in  length  ;  radial  nervure  not  reaching  the  costal  margin  ; 
areolet  large,  but  rather  indistinct  on  account  of  the  second  transverse  ner- 
vure being  ver>'  faint ;  cubital  nervure  visible,  nervures  brown.  Joints  of  legs 
and  tarsi  brown,  last  joint  of  tarsi  infuscate.  Described  from  a  large  number 
of  flies  that  were  reared  from  the  galls  in  May. 

June  Brood.  Seven  flies  before  me  that  came  from  the  galls  upon  the 
leaves  in  June,  1888,  differ  from  the  preceding  by  having  more  light  colored 
parts.  The  base  of  the  mandibles,  first  three  or  four  joints  of  the  antenna 
and  feet  are  distinctly  lighter  colored.  In  some  cases  the  anterior  tibiaj  and 
the  greater  part  of  the  anterior  femurs  are  distinctly  whitish,  and  the  antenna; 
are  distinctly  13-jointed.     Only  females  were  obtained. 

ON  WHITE-OAK  (Quercus  alba). 

Acraspis  niger  n.  sp.  Galls.— Small,  brown,  globular  bodies, 
densely  covered  with  a  grayish  pubescence  which  gives  them  the 
appearance  of  felt  on  their  outer  surfiice,  attached  to  the  under  sur- 
face of  the  leaves  of  the  white-oak  in  September  and  October.  Galls 
exactly  similar  are  very  common  on  the  leaves  of  the  bur-oak  {Qiier- 
C21S  macrocarpa),  but  from  these  I  have  not  succeeded  in  rearing  the 
flies.  Internally  these  galls  have  a  fragile  central  cell  surrounded 
and  held  in  place  by  a  dense  growth  of  dark  brown  radiating  fibres. 
The  galls  resemble  very  closely  those  in  my  collection  of  Acraspis 
lanceglohdi  Ash. 

Gall-fly— Female.— Color  black,  with  a  little  reddish  brown  on 
the  thorax;  thorax  covered  with  a  recumbent  silvery  pubescence; 
abortive  wings  reaching  the  middle  of  the  abdomen. 

Head  entirely  black,  finely  rugose,  and  with  very  few  hairs.  Antennae 
14-jointed,  very  dark  brown  or  black,  and  2.5  mm.  in  length.  Thorax  black, 
with  a  little  reddish  brown  above,  covered  with  a  recumbent  silvery-white 
pubescence,  the  hairs  rising  from  minute  punctures  in  a  polished  surface. 
Scutellum  small,  finely  rugose,  without  foveae,  and  covered  with  hair  like  the 
thorax.  Abdomen  highly  polished,  with  a  small  patch  of  silvery  pubescence 
on  the  anterior  inferior  portion  of  the  second  segment.  Venter  tipped  with 
a  conspicuous  tuft  of  yellowish  gray  hairs.  Legs,  except  basal  portion  of 
coxae,  dark  brown  and  deiisely  set  throughout  with  short  gray  hairs;  aborted 


—  24— 

wings  reaching  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  abdomen.  Described  from 
a  single  specimen,  the  only  one  that  I  have  been  able  to  rear  from  hundreds 
of  galls  that  I  have  collected  both  in  Michigan  and  Iowa. 


Fig.   I. 
ON  RED  AND  SCARLET  OAKS  (  Ouerciis  rubra  and  Q.  coccinea) 

Dryophanta  liberaecellulae  n.  sp.  Gall. — Globular  excres- 
cences on  the  leaves  of  the  red  and  scarlet  oaks  sometimes  taking 
into  themselves  the  entire  leaf  tissue  and  at  others  surrounded  by 
the  blade  of  the  leaf  as  is  the  case  of  Amphibolips  nubilipennis  or 
Andriciis  singularis,  either  of  which  it  very  much  resembles,  but 
from  which  it  differs  by  having  a  somewhat  roughened  and  fuzzy 
exterior  and  a  much  thicker  outer  wall,  and  by  having  the  larval  cell 
perfectly  free  to  roll  about  within.  The  galls  vary  from  6.5  mm.  \o 
9.5  mm.  in  diameter.     See  fig.  i. 

When  gathering  the  galls  on  May  20,  i88g,  it  was  noticed  that 
some  of  the  flies  had  already  escaped,  and  on  May  28th  occasional 
galls  could  be  found  with  the  flies  still  in  them.  I  have  taken  several 
of  these  galls  in  Michigan,  but  obtained  only  parasites  from  them. 

Gall-fly. — Black;  feet,  first  four  or  five  joints  of  antennae  and 
the  palpi  light  yellow. 


—25— 

Female. — Head  shining  black,  with  two  deep  pits  at  the  base  of  the  cly- 
peus,  one  on  either  side;  face  finely  rugose;  mandibles  black,  sometimes 
yellowish  at  base;  palpi  light  yellow  to  yellowish  brown.  Antennae  14-jointed. 
first  four  or  five  joints  light  yellow,  terminal  joints  black,  first  and  second 
joints  short  and  stout,  third  joint  longest,  terminal  joint  cone  shaped  and  a 
little  longer  than  the  penultimate.  Thorax  shining  black  and  finely  rugose, 
parapsidal  grooves  distinct;  a  medium  impressed  line  begins  at  the  scutellum 
between  the  parapsidal  grooves  and  extends  a  short  distance  upon  the  thorax. 
Scutellum  polished,  bifoveate  and  more  coarsely  rugose  than  the  thorax. 
Abdomen  entirely  black  and  polished;  ovipositor  sheaths  slightly  exserted 
and  light  yellow  in  color.  Wings  slightly  smoky,  and  3  mm.  in  length,  areolet 
very  small  or  entirely  wanting.  Feet  light  yellow,  except  last  tarsus,  which 
is  black.     Length  2.3  mm.     Described  from  twelve  reared  specimens. 

Male. — Length  2  mm.  The  yellow  coloration  of  the  antennae  shows  for 
nearly  the  entire  length  on  the  under  surface,  the  number  of  joints  is  fifteen, 
and  they  are  more  densely  set  with  hairs  than  in  the  female.  Otherwise  as 
female.     Eight  reared  specimens. 

ON    A    ROSE    BUSH. 

Rhodites  multispijiosa  n.  sp.  Gall.* — A  large  knot-like  excres- 
cence on  a  young  shoot  of  a  species  of  Rosa.  The  gall  is  reddish 
brown  in  color  and  densely  set  with  sharp,  stout  spines,  like  those 
which  occur  upon  stems  of  the  bush.     See  fig.  2. 

Gall-fly — Female. — Head  rufous,  almost  black  beneath  the  eyes,  finely 
rugose  and  covered  with  gray  pubescence.  A  little  black  shading  on  the 
vertex  surrounds  the  ocelli.  Thorax  rufous,  punctured,  parapsidal  grooves 
broad,  but  not  deep,  and  extended  to  the  scutellum.  Two  naked  parallel 
lines  extend  a  little  more  than  one-third  of  the  distance  from  the  collar  to  the 
scutellum  between  the  parapsidal  grooves.  Thorax,  like  the  head,  thinly  set 
with  short  hairs.  .Scutellum  more  coarsely  rugose  than  the  other  parts  of 
the  thorax  and  without  fovete.  Abdomen  dark  rufous,  polished  and  very 
finely  rugose.  Ventral  valve  black.  Antennae  i4-)ointed,  first  three  joints 
rufous,  the  others  black.  Wings  subhyaline,  areolet  large,  marginal  cell  open. 
Length  4.3  mm. 

Male. — Entirely  black,  except  the  legs  and  a  little  rufous  coloring  about 
the  ocelli.  Legs  reddish  brown.  Antennae  14-jointed,  and  nearly  or  quite 
as  long  as  the  body.     Length  3.5  mm.     Otherwise  like  the  female. 

The  gall  and  flies  of  this  species  were  kindly  loaned  me  by 
Prof.  Osborn,  of  the  Iowa  Agricultural  College. 

*  This  is  probably  the  gall  spoken  of  by  Osten  Sacken  on  page  44  of  the 
Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Society  of  Philadelphia  for  1863,  Vol.  IL  ' 
In  Bulletin  7  of  the  Iowa  Experiment  Station  the  specific  name  spinosissima 
was  given  to  this  insect  without  noticing  the  fact  that  a  very  similar  specific 
name,  spinosissimce  had  already  been  used  by  Giraud  for  a  related  European 
Cynipid.  In  order  to  avoid  confusion  from  having  two  names  so  similar  in 
the  same  genus  I  have  thought  it  best  to  change  the  name  here  to  muUispinosa, 


—26— 

A  New  Species  of  Feralia. 

BY  JOHN  B.   SMITH. 

F.  major  n.  sp. — General  color  of  head,  thorax  and  primaries  a  rather 
light  bluish  green  fading  to  yellowish  in  old  specimens,  more  or  less  pow- 
dered with  black.  This  black  powdering  usually  prevails  in  the  median 
space  of  primaries,  but  sometimes  invades  the  entire  surface,  so  that  the  in- 
sect is  really  black,  with  a  few  green  scales  only.  Usually  the  basal  and  ter- 
minal spaces,  and  the  costal  region,  are  green,  while  the  median  space  is 
blackish.  Described  from  a  distinctly  written  specimen  the  markings  are  as 
follows:  Basal  line  evident,  single.  T.  a.  line  single,  black,  with  three  out- 
ward angulations,  the  longest  and  broadest  in  the  submedian  interspace;  an 
evident,  single,  black,  irregularly  sinuate  and  angulate  median  line.  T.  p. 
line  well  removed  outwardly,  as  a  whole  nearly  parallel  with  outer  margin, 
but  with  an  outward  angulation  on  vein  4,  and  an  incurve  over  the  anal  angle. 
Opposite  this  curve  a  little  black  spur  projects  into  the  terminal  space  in  most 
specimens.  There  is  no  s.  t.  line.  Orbicular  large,  round,  very  indefinite, 
usually  defined  at  the  sides,  rarely  beneath,  never  above.  The  cell  is  black 
between  this  spot  and  the  reniform.  The  latter  is  large,  always  traceable, 
usually  well  and  completely  defined  by  a  black  margin,  in  well  marked  speci- 
mens also,  by  an  interior  ring  of  white  scales.  Fringes  greenish  at  base, 
blackish  cut  with  white  outwardly.  These  markings  are  traceable  on  even 
the  darkest  specimens  I  have  seen.  Thorax  a  variable  mixture  of  black  and 
green,  never  with  definite  lines.  Secondaries  pale,  smoky  fuscous,  tending 
to  become  paler  marginally.  Beneath  pale,  powdery,  usually  with  an  inner 
and  exterior  common  line,  between  which  on  secondaries  is  a  distinct  discal 
spot.  These  lines,  however,  are  very  variably  distinct,  and  on  the  primaries 
usually  obsolete.     Expands  34— 36  mm.;  1.36— 1.44  inches. 

//a<^z/a/.— Washington,  D.  C,  Franconia,  N.  H.,  and  Platts- 
burgh,  N.  Y. 

Mr.  G.  H.  Hudson,  of  Plattsburgh,  to  whose  kindness  I  owe 
the  chance  of  seehig  a  good  series,  has  taken  seven  specimens,  all 
at  electric  light,  as  follows:  1887,  May  3,  8,  16  (2),  19  ;  1889,  April 
18,  28.  Of  these,  two  are  now  in  the  U.  S.  National  Museum. 
Mrs.  Slosson  has  taken  a  specimen  at  Franconia,  and  Mr.  Schoen- 
born  has  a  very  perfect  specimen,  also  taken  at  light  in  Washington 
very  early  in  the  year. 

In  all  essential  characters  this  species  is  a  close  ally  of  F.  jocosa, 
the  lines  being  almost  identical  in  course,  but  it  is  not  that  form 
which  shows  a  black  median  space.  In  jocosa  the  lines  are  always 
distinct,  and  the  white  accompanying  shades  marked,  while  the  tho- 
rax has  the  patagiae  always  neady  black  lined.  There  is  none  of 
the  powdery  appearance  so  distinct  in  the  new  species,  and  finally, 
besides  the  smaller  size  jocosa  has  the  secondaries  black.  The 
harpes  of  the  male  are  in  all  essentials  similar  in  both  species,  but  the 
spur  from  the  lower  angle  is  different. 


—27— 

PLATYPSYLLUS— EGG  AND  ULTIMATE  LARVA— 
Dr.  Horn's  Reclamation. 

BY  C.   V.   RILEY. 

The  egg  and  the  pupa  of  Platypsyllus  are  yet  unknown.  I  have 
for  some  time  endeavored  to  obtain  them,  and  specimens  recently 
received  as  such  gave  hope,  from  the  finder's  account,  that  the  lacunae 
in  the  life-history  of  the  genus  might  at  last  be  filled.  But  examina- 
tion dispelled  the  hope;  yet  not  without  adding  something  to  our 
knowledge  of  the  development  of  this  curious  beaver  pararsite. 
The  only  reference  to  the  egg  is  that  contained  in  Dr.  Horn's  article 
in  the  "Transactions  of  the  American  Entomological  Society  (Vol. 
XV,  p.  25),"  where  it  is  stated  that  the  eggs  were  observed,  and 
that  "they  are  minute  objects,  not  fastened  to  the  hair,  as  is  the  case 
with  lice,  but  plastered  firmly  to  the  skin  among  the  thickest  hair." 
This,  failing  in  description,  might  apply  to  the  egg  of  any  other 
minute  creature,  and  I  have,  in  fact,  some  reason  for  concluding 
that  the  objects  referred  to  in  the  observation  were  not  the  eggs  of 
Platypsyllus,  but  those  of  quite  a  different  insect.  The  eggs,  as 
observed  in  the  oviduct  of  the  female  Platypsyllus,  are  sufficiently 
uncharacteristic,  except  as  to  their  flattened  form;  they  are  0.4  mm. 
long  and  0.2  mm.  in  broadest  diameter,  non-sculptured,  white, 
broadly  ovoid,  but  much  flattened  on  two  sides.  The  structure  in- 
dicates that  they  may  either  be  thrust  under  the  scales  of  the  skin  or 
fastened  thereto. 

What  was  sent  as  the  pupa,  proves  to  be  a  most  interesting 
larval  stage  and  in  keeping  with  the  Mallophagous  appearance  of 
the  beetle.  This  larval  stage  might  at  first  sight  be  characterized  as 
a  Mallophagan  by  even  the  most  careful  zoologist.  The  larva,  as 
hitherto  described  and  figured,  even  in  the  largest  specimens, 
whether  from  Dr.  Horn's  material  or  my  own,  has  always  seemed 
to  me  inexplicably  small  as  compared  with  the  imago,  and  if  the 
form  which  I  now  describe  is  (and  I  can  believe  it  nothing  else)  the 
final  larval  form  of  Platypsyllus,  then  the  larvae  hitherto  described 
had  not  yet  gone  through  their  final  molt.  A  glance  at  the  accom- 
panying figures  suffices  to  show  the  remarkable  superficial  resem- 
blance to  the  lice  in  question,  and  only  when  the  structure,  especially 
of  the  leg  and  mouth-parts  is  studied,  does  its  Platypsyllus  nature 
appear.  The  description  will  also  show  how  greatly  it  is  modified 
from  the  earlier  larval  stages  already  described.  One  is  justified 
from  the  facilities  for  grasping  which  it  possesses,  as  from  the  posi- 
tion of  the  head,  in  inferring  this  stage  quiescent,  and  in  this  respect, 


—28— 


as  well  as  in  the  marked  deviation  from  the  previous  stage,  it  recalls 
the  pseudo-pupa,  or  coarctate  larva  of  the  Meloids,  and  of  some 
other  parasitic  forms.  I  have  but  a  single  specimen  and  have  not 
been  able  to  clearly  make  out  the  spiracles.  One  can  but  conjecture 
as  to  whether  the  pupa  proper  is  formed,  either  partially  or  wholly, 
within  the  skin  of  this  broadened  larva,  or  whether  the  skin  is  com- 
pletely exuviated  in  the  transformation. 

I  hope  that  those  who  have  opportunity  to  capture  beavers  will 
endeavor  to  obtain  the  much-desired  pupa,  and  I  shall  be  most  glad 
to  communicate  with  or  to  receive  specimens  from  any  one  having 
such  opportunity. 


a^  Ir 

a,  dorsal  ;  h,  ventral  view  ;  c,  head  from  beneath  ;  d,  tarsus  ;  <?,  tarsal  claw  (original). 

Platypsyllus  castoris. —  Ultiinate  Larva  — Length  about  2.4  mm.;  greatest 
diameter  about  1.2  mm.  Nirmiform,  flattened,  narrowest  at  thoracic  joints 
and  broadest  at  middle  of  abdomen.  Color  grayish  white,  with  brownish, 
chitinous  markings.  Head  pale  brown,  peculiar,  projecting  from  joint  i, 
subtriangular,  flattened,  occiput  without  structure,  face  and  vertex  completely 
ventral;  the  mandibles  resting  on  the  prosternum,  rather  stout  and  2-toothed; 
clypeus  very  large,  triangular;  antenna;  very  small,  3-jointed,  inserted  in  front 
of  the  lateral  angles  of  the  clypeus,  the  basal  joint  rather  large,  circular, 
flattened,  disc-like,  the  second  joint  minute,  as  long  as  broad;  the  terminal 
joint  much  longer,  slender,  cylindrical,  and  bearing  a  stout  bristle  at  tip; 
labrum  transparent  and  membranous;  palpi  apparently  4-jointed  (not  dis- 
tinctly made  out)  the  terminal  joint  cylindrical,  about  one-half  longer  than 
wide  and  truncated  at  tip;  just  outside  the  antennee  are  two  black  ocelli  and 
several  piliferous  raised  points.  Legs  rather  short,  stout,  drawn  in  over  the 
sternum;  the  tarsi  spinose,  long,  i-jointed,  bearing  but  a  single,  long,  quite 
straight  claw,  with  two  long,  movable  spines  at  base;  tibiae  with  but  a  few 
spines  near  tip.  Dorsally,  the  prothorax  is  twice  as  long  as  the  other  joints, 
which  are  subequal  in  width,  and  the  transverse  brown  markings  include  the 
prothorax,  except  a  narrow  posterior  band,  a  narrow  posterior  border  across 


—29— 

each  of  the  joints  (obsolesdng  on  lo,  ii  and  12);  a  median  subrhomboidal 
spot  and  a  subdorsal  narrower,  somewhat  paler  spot  near  the  anterior  margin 
of  each  of  joints  2-1 1.  The  posterior  half  of  each  joint  is  also  beset  with 
numerous  pale  brown  granulations  (obsolete  on  11  and  12),  but  without  a 
trace  of  hair.  Ventrally,  the  thoracic  joints  are  much  lengthened,  the  femora 
show  a  transverse  shade  and  the  abdominal  joints  a  dusky  transverse  band, 
shorter  and  more  conspicuous  anally.  Patches  of  long,  stout  bristles  occur 
on  the  dusky  parts  of  joints  4,  5,  6,  7  more  particularly,  and  of  shorter  bristles 
on  the  sternum. 

While  upon  thLs  subject  of  Platypsyllus  I  may  remark  that  the 
note  (page  122  of  E.  A.  for  last  June)  which  appeared  while  I  was 
in  Paris  amazed  me  not  a  little,  and  obliges  me  to  jog  Dr.  Horn's 
memory  with  the  following  statement  of  facts: 

1.  The  paper  in  "Insect  Life,"  No.  10,  as  stated  in  the  foot- 
note was  read  April  20,  1888,  before  the  National  Academy.  It  was 
read  by  request.  In  it  I  distinctly  refer  to  Dr.  Horn's  first  announce- 
ment of  the  larva  before  the  Washington  Entomological  Society. 

2.  I  could  not  refer  to  his  own  paper  on  the  subject,  which  was 
not  published  till  sometime  after  mine  was  read.  The  date,  March, 
1888,  on  his  signature  is  unjustified  and  misleading.  My  assistance, 
acknowledged  in  his  paper,  did  not  begin  till  April  10,  1888.  I  was 
in  correspondence  with  him  on  the  subject  during  the  rest  of  the 
month,  and  asked  for  advance  sheets  of  his  paper  in  order  to  be  able 
to  refer  to  it;  but  the  Doctor  found  it  inconvenient  to  send  them  as 
his  Platypsyllus  paper  formed  part  of  a  more  general  one.  He  was 
fully  ad\'ised  of  my  intention  to  read  a  paper,  and  when,  unable  to 
get  his  advance  sheets,  I  concluded  that  it  might  be  advantageous  to 
have  my  conclusions  as  to  details  published  independently  and  unin- 
fluenced by  his,  he  encouraged  this  course,  as  I  had  offered  to  defer 
to  his  wishes. 

3.  My  paper  was  reproduced  in  "Insect  Life"  after  I  left  for 
Paris,  because  few  entomologists  had  seen  it  in  the  "Scientific 
American,"  to  which  it  was  sent  after  reading.  In  reproducing  it  I 
could  not  well  have  referred  to  Dr.  Horn's  paper,  nor  have  made 
any  change  or  addition  whatever  without  preparing  a  supplementary 
paper  to  include  subsequent  notes  both  on  Platypsyllus,  Leptinus 
and  Leptinilhis,  which,  as  the  Doctor  had  reason  to  know,  I  was 
getting  together.  This  I  had  then  neither  time  nor  inclination  to 
do,  because,  to  use  the  language  of  one  of  his  own  letters  to  me: 
' '  I  want  facts  and  ideas,  and  do  not  care  who  publishes. ' ' 

What  is  it  then  that  Dr.  Horn  reclaims?  Not  priority  of  an- 
nouncement, because  that  is  admitted  for  him  in  my  paper.  Not 
priority  of  publication,  because  I  have  made  no  claim  to  it.     The 


— 3C^- 

"  omission"  to  refer  to  his  paper  I  have  explained.  It  remains  only 
to  add  that  Dr.  Horn  had  no  justification  from  my  intercourse  and 
correspondence  with  him,  for  supposing  that  I  could  have  had  any 
other  reason  for  the  "omission,"  or  that  I  shall  fail  to  refer  to  his 
paper  when  occasion  permits.  The  reclamation  cannot  refer  to  pri- 
ority of  discovery,  because  Dr.  Horn  had  the  best  of  reasons  to 
know  that  I  had  the  larva  long  before  he  obtained  it,  for  I  had  in- 
formed him  of  the  discovery  already  in  October,  1887.  That  he 
should  have  ignored  this  fact  in  his  announcement  before  our  Wash- 
ington Society  will  be  thought  by  some  ' '  inexcusable, ' '  and  will 
explain  why,  as  stated  in  the  beginning,  I  was  amazed  at  his  card. 
I  much  preferred  to  attribute  the  neglect  to  forgetfulness  and  to  be- 
lieve that  one  whose  work  I  had  always  admired  was  above  the  petty 
jealousies  and  narrow  personalities  which  too  often  mar  the  conduct 
and  writings  of  specialists. 


A  New  Species  of  Oncocnemis. 

BY    JOHN    B.    SMITH. 

Oncocnemis  extremis  sp.  nov. — Head  and  thorax  ashen  gray,  with  fine 
black  powderings.  Head  with  front  of  a  somewhat  creamy  tint,  hind  margin 
deep  seal-brown.  Basal  joint  of  palpi  also  seal-brown.  Primaries  ashen 
gray  to  just  beyond  the  t.  p.  line;  beyond  this  point  the  wing  is  even  smoky 
black,  with  a  brownish  lustre.  Basal  line  small,  single,  black.  T.  a.  line 
single,  broad,  black,  more  like  a  band  than  a  line,  evenly  and  not  strongly 
outcurved.  T.  p.  line  single,  black,  irregular,  outcurved  over  cell,  and  then 
in  a  direct  course  to  the  margin.  No  trace  of  the  s.  t.  line  in  the  black  outer 
space.  A  broad  diffuse  median  shade  from  the  middle  of  the  costa,  joining 
the  t.  p.  line  at  one-half  its  course.  No  trace  of  the  ordinary  spots.  Secon- 
daries white,  with  a  faint  yellowish  lustre,  a  broad  black  outer  band,  con- 
tinuous with  that  of  the  primaries,  and  narrowing  to  a  point  at  anal  angle; 
within  this  is  a  narrow  black  line,  obsolete  before  reaching  the  anal  angle; 
base  of  wings  clouded  with  black.  Beneath  the  maculation  of  the  upper  side 
is  faintly  reproduced,  the  general  color  whitish,  powdery.  Expands  1.32 
inches;  33  mm. 

Habitat. — N.  W.  British  Columbia. 

A  single  specimen  (  9  )  of  this  strongly  marked  species  is  before 
me.  It  is  an  unfortunate  matter  that  our  work  on  the  Noctuids  can 
be  so  short  a  time  complete;  hardly  had  my  monographic  work 
been  received,  before  a  new  species  quite  different  from  anything 
before  known,  claims  attention.  The  present  form  comes  next  to 
homogeyia  in  the  series,  agreeing  with  it  in  the  group  characters,  and 
particularly  in  the  single  transverse  lines.  Honwgena,  however,  has 
the  median  space  darkest,  while  in  this  species  the  broad,  outer, 
dusky  margin  is  distinctive. 


NOTES  ON  ZEUZERA  PYRINA  Fab. 

BY  C.    P.    MACHESNEY. 

I  notice  in  Entomologica  Americana  Vol.  IV,  p.  162,  and 
Vol.  V,  p.  7,  articles  by  Mr.  E.  L.  Graef  and  Mr.  A.  R.  Grote,  re- 
spectively, on  Zeuzera  pyrina  (Fabr.),  referring  to  specimens  taken 
during  1887  and  1888  by  my  friend  and  co-laborer,  Mr.  J.  B.  An- 
gelman,  of  Newark,  N.  J.,  which  articles  still  leave  the  question  in 
doubt  as  to  whether  or  not  the  appearance  of  this  insect  in  this  lo- 
cality results  from  an  accidental  importation  in  the  earlier  stages,  or 
has  it  become  indiginous  to  the  country.  In  Ent.  Am.  Vol.  V,  p. 
28,  Mr.  Angelman  gives  his  observations  on  the  ' '  time  of  appear- 
ance,"  which  he  records  as  "from  June  14th  to  September  27th,  a 
period  of  106  days,"  which  I  consider  an  evidence  that  Z".  pyrina 
has  established  itself  in  this  vicinity,  and  is  increasing  in  number 
with  considerable  rapidity.  During  the  past  summer  I  occasionally 
took  this- insect  in  Arlington,  N.  J.,  though  I  had  been  unable  to 
find  it  here  last  year  at  the  time  it  appeared  numerously  in  Newark, 
from  which  it  may  be  inferred  that  it  is  gradually  spreading,  but  to 
what  extent  can  only  be  determined  by  observations  in  other  parts 
of  the  State.  The  proof,  however,  that  it  has  "come  to  stay,"  is 
presented  herewith  in  a  description  of  the  larva,  kindly  provided  me 
for  the  purpose,  by  Mr.  Angelman,  who,  so  far  as  I  can  learn,  is  the 
first  to  discover  this  borer  in  this  locality,  and  presumably,  in  this 
country.  The  larvae  were  found  in  November  and  December,  1888, 
in  the  topmost  small  branches  of  some  very  large  old  elms  in  Newark, 
which  had  been  felled  by  order  of  the  authorities.  From  the  posi- 
tion in  which  the  larvae  were  found  it  would  appear  that  the  ^^^  is 
deposited  at  the  juncture  of  two  small  branches,  as  the  excavation 
began  at  that  point  and  extended  downward  through  the  centre  of 
the  branch,  increasing  in  diameter  as  the  larva  attained  its  growth, 
thus  leaving  the  wood  around  the  cavity  very  thin  at  time  of  trans- 
formation and  resulting  in  the  death  of  the  branch  from  where  the 
imago  had  emerged  to  its  extren^ity.  At  the  time  this  description 
was  made  larvae  were  not  quite  iuatured. 

Larva  i^  inches  in  length,  yellowish  white  in  color.  On  the 
2d  to  nth  segments  each,  are  a  number  of  minute  black  dots,  vary- 
ing in  number  from  10  to  14,  slightly  elevated  and  furnished  with  a 
very  fine  short  hair  (only  perceptible  in  the  smaller  spots  at  this 
stage  with  the  aid  of  a  magnifying  glass).  These  dots  are  placed 
on  each  segment,  4  dorsally,  of  which  the  anterior  pair  are  closest 
together,  and  the  remainder  are  lateral  and  sublateral.      Head  one- 


—32— 

half  the  width  of  the  body,  round,  blackish  brown,  adorned  with  a 
few  bristles,  and  placed  well  under  the  first  segment.  Segment  one 
semicircular  viewed  dorsally,  and  somewhat  triangular  laterally,  and 
not  quite  as  wide  as  segment  two.    Cervical  shield  dark  brown,  slightly 


-O^ 


projecting  above  dorsal  part  of  segment.  Larva  of  equal  breadth 
from  segment  2  to  lo;  segments  2  to  5  slightly  shorter  than  seg- 
ments 6  to  11;  segment  12  adorned  with  a  few  bristles;  anal  shield 
dark  brown ;  segment  1 1  also  has  a  dark  brown  band  across  the  pos- 
terior dorsal  margin.  Thoracic  legs  short,  concolorous  with  body. 
Abdominal  legs  very  small  and  retractile. 


—33— 

Owing-  to  the  difficulty  of  keeping  the  larvae  supplied  with  live 
wood,  Mr.  Angelman  was  unable  to  successfully  rear  them  to  the 
imago  state,  and  while  believing  the  identity  of  the  insect  to  be  be- 
yond question  at  the  time,  I  deferred  presenting  this  description  to 
the  readers  of  Entomologica  Americana  until  I  had  seen  the 
description  and  figures  of  Z.  cescula  {pyrina)  of  Europe  as  given  in 
Kirby's  "  European  Butterflies  and  Moths,"  plate  26,  fig.  2ab,  with 
which  the  larva  coincided  in  all  particulars.  Some  empty  pupa  shells 
were  also  found  in  the  branches  of  the  same  tree  in  cavities  identical 
with  those  in  which  the  larvae  occurred.  These  cavities  were  some- 
what enlarged  at  the  bottom,  where  the  pupa  lay  inclined  upward 
toward  the  opening  through  which  the  imago  had  escaped.  The 
upper  part  of  the  cavities  was  filled  with  sawdust  excrements  solidly 
packed,  the  hole  being  large  enough  to  enable  the  larva  to  reverse 
itself,  it  having  been  found  "looped"  several  times.  The  pupa 
shells  were  in  such  an  imperfect  state  as  not  to  admit  of  a  detailed 

description. 

■  »  

A  Waspish  Love-Struggle. 


Col.  John  Bowles,  of  this  city,  a  reliable  observer,  and  a  gen- 
tleman who  takes  a  keen  interest  in  Nature,  tells  us  of  an  interesting 
sight  which  he  noticed  last  October  in  Richmond  County,  Ga.  : 
Walking  along  a  country  road  with  tw^o  friends,  an  animated  black 
and  yellow  ball  as  large  as  one's  fist  was  noticed  moving  about  on 
the  ground.  A  closer  look  showed  that  the  ball  was  composed  of 
wasps;  perhaps  eight  or  ten  smaller  ones  and  one  larger.  It  was 
not  long  before  Col.  Bowles  discovered  that  the  larger  one  was  a 
female,  while  the  others  were  all  males  struggling  to  mate  with  her. 
The  female  at  first  seemed  disinclined,  and  held  the  tip  of  her  abdo- 
men turned  under  and  out  of  their  reach.  Presently,  however,  she 
held  it  out  and  opened  the  \alves,  when  immediately  one  of  the 
males  mated  with  her.  Coition  lasted  uQt  more  than  ten  seconds, 
and  after  a  few  moments  another  male  was  allowed  access.  Mean- 
time, the  whole  mass  of  males  continued  in  the  most  frantic  excite- 
ment, clawing  and  biting  at  the  fortunate  individual  and  at  each 
other.  They  were  watched  until  all  but  one  of  the  males  had  copu- 
lated, when  the  female,  seeming  to  tire,  thrust  out  her  sting  and 
made  an  angry  noise,  at  which  the  last  male  fled. 

Col.  Bowles  is  not  familiar  with  the  species  of  Digger-wasps, 
but  from  his  description  we  think  this  one  must  have  been  either 
Sphecius  speciosus^  or  Mo7tedula  Carolina.  L,  O.  H . 


—34— 
NOTES  AND  NEWS. 


In  an  able  Presidential  address  made  by  Mr.  E.  A.  Schwarz 
before  the  Entomological  Society  of  Washington,  he  reviews,  in  a 
general  sort  of  way,  the  literature  of  American  Entomology.  Its 
development  and  nature  were  spoken  of,  as  were  also  some  of  its 
characteristic  features — good  and  bad.  One  remark  struck  us  as  re- 
markably pertinent,  and  would  almost  seem  to  suggest  that  some- 
time or  other  Mr.  Schwarz  has  occupied  an  editorial  position.  He 
says  that  the  chief  peculiarity  of  the  American  Entomologist  is,  that 
he  does  not  subscribe  to  the  periodicals  of  his  own  country!  It  may 
be  an  overestimate  when  we  say  that  there  are  not  more  than  250 
entomologists  in  North  America  who  regularly  subscribe  to  an  ento- 
mological journal.  Entomologica  Americana  sends  out  over 
200  copies  monthly,  but  of  these  many  are  to  members,  active  and 
honorary,  and  many  more  are  sent  as  exchanges.  This  is  really  a 
bad  showing,  and  indicates  how  little  encouragement  entomologists 
give  to  journals  published  in  their  interest.  Ent.  Amer.  costs  an- 
nually over  $500  for  printing,  mailing  and  incidentals,  and  against 
this  about  $250  comes  from  subscribers,  shghtly  more,  perhaps, 
during  the  last  year.  The  balance  is  lessened  somewhat  by  the  sale 
of  back  volumes,  but  about  $200  remains  as  a  deficit,  to  be  met  by 
the  Society.  Now,  this  has  always  been  met,  and  will  be  met  for 
the  current  and  future  volumes,  but  our  readers  could,  with  a  little 
effort  on  their  part,  help  us  considerably  by  remitting  promptly,  by 
recommending  the  paper  to  their  cronies  interested  in  insects,  and 
by  adding  a  litde  to  our  publication-fund  now  and  then  when  finances 
are  in  a  flourishing  condition.  It  does  seem  too  bad  that  the  few 
journals  published  in  America  should  not  be  more  generously 
supported. 

Our  paper  was  late  last  month,  and  the  last  part  of  Vol.  V  was 
badly  delayed.  Complications  resulting  from  the  union  of  the  So- 
ciety with  the  Brooklyn  Institute  locked  up  our  funds  for  nearly 
three  months,  and  the  cussedness  of  the  former  printer  (proverbial 
and  well  understood)  was  responsible  for  the  rest.  We  have  gotten 
a  new  start  now  and  hope  to  get  along  swimmingly  in  future. 


Mr.  Ashmead  is  again  at  Jacksonville,  Fla.  He  expects  to  leave 
for  a  European  trip  before  many  months,  and  will  make  studies  in 
the  famous  collections  there.  He  promises  the  completion  of  a 
monographic  work  on  the  Proctotrupidce  before  leaving. 


—35— 
NEW  CALIFORNIA  HOMOPTERA. 

BY  E.    P.   VANDUZEE. 

To  the  kindness  of  Mr.  D.  W.  Coquillett,  of  Los  Angeles, 
Cal.,  I  am  indebted  for  the  opportunity  of  studying  a  very  inter- 
esting series  of  Homoptera  from  the  West  coast.  This  collection 
has  proved  of  great  interest,  not  alone  on  account  of  the  large  num- 
ber of  new  species  it  contains,  but  principally,  perliaps,  for  the 
clearer  light  it  throws  on  the  relationship  existing  both  between  the 
American  Hcmopterous  fauna  and  that  of  Europe,  and  between  the 
several  members  of  our  own  Eastern  fauna.  A  number  of  the  new 
species  here  made  known,  falling  into  the  older  genera,  seem  to 
connect  these  with  other  genera,  or  to  show  a  type  of  variation 
before  unknown  in  this  country.  Thus  Thamnotettix  siibtznea  re- 
minds  us,  especially  by  its  ornamentation,  of  Scaphoideiis.  T. 
coquilletti,  in  the  same  respect,  recalls  Calliscarta.  T.  geminata 
in  most  of  its  characters  would  be  taken  for  a  Cicadula,  while  T. 
limbata  represents,  possibly,  a  new  generic  type,  related  to  TJiam- 
notettix,  as  is  the  European  Ayioterostejnma  to  Athysanus.  Delto- 
cephalus  coqiulletti  might  readily  be  mistaken  for  an  Athysanus  and 
Pediopsis  nubila  for  an  Agallia.  In  Jassus  lactipennis  we  have, 
perhaps,  the  smallest  species  of  the  true  Jassids  yet  known,  and 
very  probably  the  type  of  a  new  genus  of  this  interesting  group, 
which  includes  such  genera  as  Jassus  Fab.  (Stal.),  Terulia  Stal., 
Petalopoda  Span.,  Paliciis  Stal.,  etc.  Allygus  inscriptics  deserves 
notice  as  being  the  only  North  American  species,  at  least  as  far  as 
known  to  me,  that  falls  exactly  within  the  limits  of  the  genus  as 
characterized  by  Dr.  Fieber. 

Aside  from  the  species  described  below,  this  collection  contains 
fourteen  forms  of  the  Typhlocybidce  that  I  have  not  yet  studied; 
three  or  four  species  the  descriptions  of  which  have  been  reserved 
for  publication  with  related  material  from  the  East,  which  I  hope 
will  soon  appear;  a  few  forms  that  require  the  study  of  more  exten- 
sive material  before  they  can  be  satisfactorily  characterized,  and 
eleven  that  I  have  been  able  to  identify  with  already  described 
species. 

Species  absolutely  identical  with  European  forms  are  remark- 
ably few  in  this  collection, — only  two  have  thus  far  been  recognized, 
and  form  a  proportionately  smaller  element  than  in  our  Eastern 
fauna.  But  there  are  many  species  closely  related  to  their  European 
congeners,  and  it  is  not  unlikely  that,  with  a  full  series  of  the  Cali- 
fornian  Jassidcs,  a  very  observable  correspondence  with  the  Euro- 


-36- 

pean  fauna  would  appear.  Comparisons  of  this  character  are,  how- 
ever, of  little  value  without  the  study  of  more  extensive  material 
than  we  now  possess.  The  first  duty  of  our  entomologists  is  to 
make  known  the  numerous  species  occurring  in  their  country;  for, 
until  this  is  done,  we  can  have  no  accurate  knowledge  of  our  own 
fauna  or  of  its  relations  to  those  of  other  countries.  Then,  too, 
will  there  appear  a  more  general  interest  in  these  small  and  despised, 
albeit  frequently  beautiful  creatures;  and  collectors  will  account 
them  worthy  of  preservation  when  inadvertently  taken  by  them 
while  in  quest  of  larger  game,  and  students  will  not,  as  at  present, 
be  obliged  to  solicit  in  vain  for  exchanges,  or  go  in  person  for  the 
desired  material,  or  do  without  it. 

A  few  of  the  terms  and  measurements  employed  in  the  follow- 
ing descriptions  possibly  call  for  a  word  of  explanation.    The  length 
of  a  specimen  is  measured  from  the  tip  of  the  head  to  the  apex  of 
the  elytra,   or  of  the  abdomen   if  it  projects   beyond  the  elytra. 
Width  of  the  head  includes  the  eyes;  width   of  the  pronotum  is 
supposed  to  be  measured  across  at  the  widest  point,  generally  at  the 
lateral  angles,  or  the  angles  between  the  lateral  and  latere- posterior 
margins.      In  the  nomenclature  of  the  venation  I  have  adopted  that 
employed  by  Dr.  Fieber  as  in  all  respects  the  most  convenient  and 
satisfactory.      In  Fieber' s  scheme  for  separating  the  genera  of  the 
JassidcE  the  element  of  the  neuration  of  the  elytra  and  wings  is  given 
a  very  prominent  position,  and  I  think  justifiably  so.  notwithstand- 
ing the  fact  that  it  is  subject  to  frequent  and  considerable  variations. 
In  all  the  Jassidcc  the  variation  in  the  form  of  the  genital  pieces 
furnish  very  important  characters  for  distinguishing  the  species,  but 
in  these  descriptions  I  have  made  use  only  of  such  parts  as  can  gen- 
erally be  seen  without  mutilating  the  specimen.      In  the  male  they 
are  as  follows:  The  Plates  are  two  flat,  or  slightly  convex,  pieces 
placed  on  the  ventral  surface,  with  their  inner  edges  in  contact  so 
that  together  they  generally  form  a  more  or  less  regular  triangle, 
which  may  be  short  and  blunt,  or  long  and  narrow,  with  the  sides 
either  convex  or  concave;  on  the  edge  they  are  generally  fi-inged 
with  long  hairs,  and  there  is  at  times  a  submarginal  row  of  stouter 
spines.    On  the  base  of  the  plates  is  a  triangular,  rounded,  or  short 
and  transverse  piece  called  the    Valve;  it  varies  much  in  shape,  and 
the  apex  may  be  acute,  obtuse,  or  emarginate.     Beneath  the  plates 
as  viewed  from  below,  are  two  long,  more  or  less  slender  and  curved 
pieces  termed  the  Styles;  they  are  rarely  mentioned,  as  they  are 
generally   concealed  from  sight  beneath   the  plates.     Still  farther 
behind  these,  and  really  forming  the  apical  segment  of  the  tergum, 


e 


—37— 

are  the  Pygofers;  they  are  placed  on  each  side  enclosing  the  anus, 
and  are  approximate  above  and  below,  and  in  these  descriptions 
have,  for  the  sake  of  convenience,  been  considered  as  one;  as  a  rule, 
the  aperature  formed  by  them  is  somewhat  oval,  with  the  narrow 
end  within  on  the  ventral  surface;  here  are  attached  the  hooks  or 
claspers,  which  are  more  or  less  slender,  spine-like  processes,  curved 
inward  and  upward  toward  the  anal  style.  Sometimes  the  pygofers 
are  much  elongated,  and  their  surface,  or  at  least  their  apical  margin, 
is  generally  beset  with  stiff  bristles.  In  both  sexes,  but  particularly 
in  the  females,  the  form  of  the  hind  edge  of  the  last  ventral  segment 
is  very  various  in  the  different  species,  and  is  a  specific  character  of 
primary  importance.  The  sexual  characters  of  the  female,  aside 
from  the  form  of  this  ultimate  ventral  segment,  are  of  a  simple  kind, 
and  of  but  little  comparative  importance.  The  pygofers,  which  con- 
stitute most  of  the  visible  portion  of  the  genitalia,  present  slight 
variations  in  form,  but  are  of  little  value  in  determining  the  species. 

For  drawing  up  these  descriptions  I  have  used  a  compound 
microscope  with  an  inch  and  one-half  objective,  but  the  more  im- 
portant characters  could  probably  be  made  out  with  a  good  Cod- 
dington  lense  magnifying  about  fifteen  to  twenty  diameters. 

The  locality  from  which  this  material  was  derived  may  be  stated 
as  Southern  California.  Most  of  it  was  obtained,  Mr.  Coquillett 
informs  me,  from  the  vicinity  of  Los  Angeles,  only  a  little  from  as 
far  north  as  Newhall,  about  thirty  miles.  The  numbers  appended 
to  the  descriptions  are  those  of  Mr.  Coquillett' s  collection. 

BYTHOSCOPID^. 

1.  Pediopsis  nubila  n.  sp.     Bythoscopus  nubi/ns  Uhl.  ms. 

Form  of  P.  puncti/rotis,  but  larger.  Head  obtusely  angled  before,  pro- 
notum  coarsely  punctured,  without  oblique  rugae.  Elytra  almost  coriaceous, 
coarsely  punctured,  with  numerous  irregular  transverse  nervures  almost  ob- 
literating the  ordinary  venation.  Pale  grayish  brown;  elytra  whitish,  clouded 
with  brown.     Length  3.5 — 4  mm. 

Head  broader  than  the  pronotum,  rather  obtusely  angled.  Face  coarsely- 
punctured  above,  more  minutely  so  below;  apex  of  the  front  broad,  angles 
rounded;  clypeus  broad,  the  sides  parallel,  apex  rounded  and  a  little  de- 
pressed beyond  the  lorse,  furnished  with  a  few  short  stiff  hairs  on  the  margin; 
lorffi  broad,  transverse,  almost  angled  outwardly.  Rostrum  long,  reaching 
the  apex  of  the  intermediate  trochanters.  Pronotum  rather  long,  posterior 
margin  less  deeply  arcuated  than  in  our  other  species:  latero-posterior  mar- 
gins reaching  the  eyes;  surface  coarsely  punctured,  punctures  not  obviously 
arranged  in  oblique  lines;  a  more  or  less  distinct  impunctured  central  line. 
Scutellum,  excepting  the  basal  angles  and  the  calloused  margin  each  side  of 
the  apex,  coarsely  punctured.      Superior  surface  of  the  propleura  hidden 


-38- 

beneath  the  eye.  Elytra  broad;  costa  strongly  convex;  clavus  and  corium, 
the  apex  excepted,  thick  and  coriaceous,  coarsely  punctured;  nervures  strong, 
somewhat  irregular,  connected,  especially  toward  the  apex,  by  numerous 
irregular  transverse  nervures.  Ultimate  ventral  segment  broad  and  short, 
almost  pentagonal  in  outline,  the  short,  abrupt  apex  with  a  shallow  triangular 
notch;  disc  depressed,  with  a  central  impressed  line.  Pygofers  broad,  ob- 
long, with  a  short,  bluntly  conical  apex;  surface  covered  with  short,  scattering 
hairs. 

Color  :  Head,  pronotum  and  scutellum  grayish  yellow,  punctured  with 
pale  brown;  apex  of  the  face  and  central  pronotal  line  whitish.  Eyes  brown. 
Legs  and  all  beneath  soiled  yellowish  white;  a  few  obscure  markings  on  the 
femora  above  and  an  annulus  near  the  base  of  the  tibiae,  on  the  anterior  and 
intermediate  feet,  obscure  brown;  posterior  tibiae  with  black  points  at  the 
base  of  the  spines.  Elytra  obscure  brown,  pale  and  subhyaline  toward  the 
apex,  with  two  indistinct,  whitish,  oblique  bands,  the  basal  extending  from 
near  the  tip  of  the  scutellum  to  the  middle  of  the  costal  margin;  the  second 
is  more  obscure,  or  almost  obsolete,  and  extends  from  the  middle  to  the 
apex  of  the  claval  suture  obliquely  to  the  apex  of  the  costa;  basal  punctures 
brown,  nervures  toward  the  apex  whitish.  Wings  whitish,  nervures  pale 
brown. 

Described  from  two  female  examples  (N.  226).  Very  distinct 
from  its  American  congeners,  and  easily  distinguished  by  the  thick 
coriaceous,  raniously  veined  elytra,  and  short  ventral  plate.  In 
these  characters  it  appears  to  be  c|uite  unique,  at  least  I  know  of  no 
exotic  form  exhibiting  peculiarities  analogous  to  these. 

2.  Agallia  oculata  n.  sp. 

Form  of  A.  \-punctata  Prov.,  to  which  it  is  closely  allied.  Fulvous 
brown;  elytra  dark  brown,  with  pale  nervures;  two  large  spots  on  the  disc 
of  the  pronotum,  and  several  smaller  ones  along  the  anterior  margin  and  on 
the  face,  black.     Length  4  mm. 

Vertex  much  shorter  at  the  middle  than  next  the  eye.  Front  broad, 
sides  nearly  straight  above,  rounded  below  to  the  base  of  the  clypeus.  Cly- 
peus  narrow,  oblong,  slightly  contracted  at  the  base,  the  apex  subtriangular. 
Lorse  narrow.  Cheeks  narrow,  outer  edge  obtusely  angled  near  the  middle, 
below  coalescing  with  the  outer  edge  of  the  lorce.  Pronotum  somewhat 
pentagonal  in  form,  or  lozenge-shaped,  with  the  posterior  angle  truncated  be- 
fore the  scutellum;  anterior  angle  rounded,  the  disc  before  somewhat  tumid; 
latero-posterior  margin  feebly  rounded,  reaching  the  eye  before,  posterior 
angles  rounded;  surface  transversely  wrinkled.  Scutellum  small,  the  anterior 
field  largely  covered  by  the  pronotum.  Elytra  longer  than  in  the  eastern 
^-punctata.  Last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  long,  about  equalling  the 
two  preceding;  hind  edge  feebly  and  regularly  arcuated;  disc  with  a  narrow, 
depressed,  longitudinal  line  on  the  middle.  In  the  male  this  segment  does 
not  differ  from  the  penultimate. 

(To  be  continued.) 


—39  — 
Description  of  Eterusia  urania  n.  sp. 

BY    WILLIAM    SCHAUS,    JR. 

Primaries  above  olivaceous  brown.  A  narrow  yellow  band  crosses  the 
wing-  from  the  middle  of  the  costal  margin,  and  does  not  quite  touch  the  inner 
margin  at  three-fourths  of  the  distance  from  the  base.  This  band  is  bordered 
on  either  side  by  a  series  of  velvety  black  spots,  interrupted  by  the  veins, 
which  are  tinged  with  deep  metallic  blue  wherever  separating  the  black  spots, 
and  lilacine  where  crossing  the  yellow  transverse  band.  Secondaries  above 
velvety  black.  Between  the  median  vein  and  the  abdominal  margin  two- 
thirds  of  the  wing  from  the  base  deep  metallic  blue;  on  the  apical  half  of  the 
outer  margin  a  row  of  blue  spots  longest  at  the  apex.  Primaries  underneath 
black,  the  base  largely  metallic  blue  and  green.  A  transverse  yellow  band 
from  the  costal  to  the  inner  margin,  and  a  submarginal  row  of  metallic  spots. 
Secondaries  underneath  black,  the  abdominal  margin  broadly  deep  metallic 
blue,  the  base  and  costal  margin  shaded  with  green;  an  irregular  transverse 
row  of  small  chrome  yellow  spots  from  just  beyond  the  middle  of  the  costal 
margin  to  near  the  anal  angle.  Along  the  outer  margin  a  row  of  light  blue 
metallic  spots.  Antennae,  which  are  deeply  pectinated  at  their  extremities, 
dark  blue.  Frons  dark  green.  Collar  and  thorax  brown,  tinged  with  green. 
Abdomen  above  dark  metallic  blue,  underneath  brown.  Exp.  77  mm.  i  (^. 
Naga  hills,  Assam. 


The  continuation  of  Mr.   Leng's  "Synopsis"   is  crowded  out 
this  month  ;  better  luck  next  time. 


One  of  the  most  notable  features  among  the  Lepidoptera  fre- 
quenting the  electric  lights  at  Newark  last  summer  was  the  very 
large  number  of  a  little  Tineid,  which,  from  specimens  in  the  U.  S. 
National  Museum,  I  make  to  be  Laverna  phragmitella,  an  Euro- 
pean species.  The  label  on  the  specimens  states  that  it  is  on  Typha, 
of  which  there  is  an  abundance  near  Newark.  There  is  one  other 
American  specimen  in  the  Museum  from  Fortress'Monroe,  Va. 

A  revision  ot  the  TiEuiocampincE  is  in  press,  and  will  appear  at 
an  early  date  in  the  Proc.  U.  S.  National  Museum. 

In  speaking  oi  Raphiteles  maculatus  (Ent.  Am.  v.  216)  I  quoted 
from  a  somewhat  indefinite  statement  in  Mr.  Howard's  letter  deter- 
mining the  species  for  me.  As  the  matter  stands  now  it  conveys  the 
impression  that  tl\e  pararsite  had  been  heretofore  bred  only  from 
Scolytus  rugulosus.  As  a  matter  of  fact  it  had  been  only  so  bred  in 
the  Department,  but  there  are  a  number  of  other  hosts  known  in 
Europe.  Pissodes  strobi  is,  however,  really  a  new  host,  so  the  note 
has  not  lost  point. 


— 40— 
SOCIETY  NEWS. 


Meeting  Dec.  3,  1889,  at  Brooklyn  institute,  President  Casey  in  the  chair 
— 23  persons  present.  The  minutes  of  the  November  meeting  were  approved. 
The  report  of  the  librarian  showed  the  donation  to  the  library  by  Mr.  A.  W. 
P.  Cramer  of  twenty-five  books  and  pamphlets.  Miss  Elizabeth  A.  Wilckins, 
of  No.  261  Henry  Street,  Brooklyn,  associate  member  of  the  Institute,  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Department. 

Rev.  J.  L.  Zabriskie  read  a  paper  entitled,  "  Note  on  some  Case-bearing 
Lepidoptera  feeding  upon  the  seeds  of  Juncus,"  illustrated  by  enlarged  dia- 
grams showing  the  plants  bearing  seeds,  with  cross  sections  of  the  latter; 
also  of  the  larvas  and  protecting  cases.  Larvae  inhabiting  three  forms  of 
cases  had  been  taken.  The  larva;  had  been  found  clinging  to  the  seeds  of 
Juncus  Greenii  Oakes  &  Tuckerman,  and  Junais  tenuis  Willd.  No  imago 
had  been  obtained,  but  an  identification  of  the  species  found  upon  the  first- 
named  plant  by  Mr.  Hulst,  showed  it  to  be  Coleophora  cispiticella  Walsingham. 

Mr.  Smith  gave  a  description  of  the  mouth  parts  of  Stotnoxys  calcitrans 
and  Hcematobia  serrata,  a  recently  imported  species.  An  examination  of 
the  mouth  parts  in  each  species  revealed  no  variation  in  either  case  thus 
proving  them  to  be  of  the  highest  value  as  a  means  of  classification  and 
identification.  He  also  stated  that  he  had  recently  noticed  in  handling  Ein- 
pretia  stinmlea  that  the  spines  on  parasitized  larvae  had  lost  their  urticating 
properties.  Discussion  on  the  nature  of  the  urticating  properties  of  several 
Lepidopterous  larvte  was  participated  in  by  Messrs.  Smith,  Hulst  and  Weeks. 
No  one  had  noted  the  fact  stated  by  Mr.  Smith,  but  it  was  general  knowledge 
that  the  hairs  of  certain  Arctiidce  retained  their  irritating  properties  even 
after  removal  from  the  caterpillar.  A.  C.  Weeks, 

Recording  Secretary. 


In  "Humboldt"  for  December,  1889,  is  an  interesting  state- 
ment of  the  amounts  expended  by  the  Prussian  State  Forestry 
Commission  to  control  the  ravages  of  forest  insects  only.  In  1884- 
85  were  spent  200,550  Marks;  in  1885-86  were  spent  171,404  Marks; 
in  1886-87  were  spent  191,645  Marks.  Of  these  sums  the  control 
of  HylobJJis  abietis  alone  took  from  107,200  to  109,300  marks.  The 
sums  are  suggestive,  and  yet  all  of  it  was  absolutely  necessary  for 
the  prevention  of  serious  damage.  Even  with  these  sums,  and  the 
trained  officials  to  apply  it  the  success  in  lessening  the  ravages  was 
not  satisfactory.  It  was  not  possible  to  do  more  than  keep  the  pests 
in  check.  The  destruction  of  the  Cockchafer  in  the  larval  state  is 
also  still  in  the  experimental  stage,  and  the  results  are  not  satis- 
factory. The  complaints  in  other  parts  of  the  empire  of  damage  by 
white  grubs  are  even  greater  than  they  are  in  Prussia,  and  some 
practical  remedy  would  be  a  boon  of  inestimable  value. 


Americana 


VOL.  VI. 


BROOKLYN,  MARGH,  1890. 


No.  3. 


Proposed  Corrections  of  Specific  Names  to  Harmonize  Mr. 
Henshaw's  Catalogue  of  the  North  American  Cole- 
optera,  with  the  generally  accepted  Euro- 
pean nomenclature,  with  relation  to 
the  species  common  to  the 
two  continents. 

BY    JOHN    HAMILTON,    M.   D., 
Allegheny,  Pa. 

The  Roman  type  indicates  the  proposed  name;  Italics,  the  name 
now  in  Henshaw's  Catalogue  and  Supplements  (sometimes  that  in 
the  European).  Small  Caps  indicate  a  species  represented  only  by 
a  variety  of  the  European  form. 

Dyschirius  aeneus  Dej. 

frigidus  Mann. 

integer^  dentiger  Lee. 
Clivina  fossor  Linn. 

coUaris  %  Lee. 
Bembidium  littorale  Oliv.  (1791). 

paludosum  %  Catalog. 
P).  ustulatum  Li7in. 

rupcstre  %  Catalog. 
B.  grapei  Gyll. 
B.  flammulatum  Clairv. 

undiilatuin  Sturm. 
Amara  apriearia  Payk. 
A.  erratiea  Duft. 
Platynus  obseurus  Herbs i. 

oblongHS  Fab.,  piisillus  Lee. 
P.  bogemanni   Gyll. 

obsoletus  Say. 

Entomologica  Americana.    Vol.  VI. 


P.  iMPRESsus  Panz. 

var.  splendidulus  Mots. 
Bradyeellus  cognatus  Payk. 
Hydrovatus  pustulatus  Mels. 

cuspidatus  %  Catalog. 
C(elambus  ina^qualis  Fab. 

piDictatus  Say. 
Deronectes  brevis  Sturm. 

depressus  %  Catalog. 
Hydroporus  s.vnmarki  Sahib. 

var.  rivalis  Gyll. 
Agabus  congener  Thunb. 

anibigtms  Say. 
A.  dissimilis  Sahib. 
A.  confinis  Gyll. 

ovoideus  Lee. 
A.  eriehsoni  Gem.  and  H. 

nigrocrneiis  Kr. 

March,  1890. 


—42  — 


Rhantus  sutiiralis  Lac. 

notatus  Fab. 
Colymbetes  dolobratus  Payk. 

var.  grcenlandicus  Aiibc. 
Graphoderes  cinereus  Linn. 

fasciatocollis  Harris. 
Helophorus  granulans  Limi. 
Cercyon  nigriceps  Marsh. 

ceittrimaculatuvi  Sturm. 
Pteroloma  forstrcemii  Gyll. 
Bryaxis  sanguinea  Linn. 
Homalota  sordida  Marsh. 

lividipennis  Mann. 
H.  graminicola  Grav. 

granulata  Mann. 
Tachyusa  pygmaea  Sachsc,  not  Am. 
Aleochara  nitida  Grav. 

var.  verna  Say. 

anthoniyicr  Sprague. 
Placusa  tachyporoides  Watl. 

f  despccta  Er. 
Ciyrophcena  affinis  Sahib. 
'Gymnusa  brevicollis  Payk. 
Myllaena  dubia  Grav. 
Acylophorus  glabberritnus  Hbst. 
Quedius  fulvicoUis  Steph. 

hyperboreus  Er. 
Creophilus  maxillosus  Linn. 

var.  villosus  Grav. 
Philonthus  perforatus  Fanv.,  Horn. 

atratus  %  LLorn. 
P.  picipennis  Maek. 
^Stenus  montivagus  Er. 

pterobrachys  G.  and  H. 

brevipen7iis  Maek. 
S.  nanus  Stephens. 

pHsio  Casey. 
S.  pumilio  Er. 

atoniarius  Casey. 
S.  humilis  Er. 

maintnops  Casey. 
S.  canaliculatus  Gylt. 

congener  Maek. 
S.  argus  Grav. 

ageus  Casey. 
S.  morio  Grav. 

siibgriseus,  i?idistinctus  Casey. 
S.  tarsal  is  LJiing. 

reconditus  Casey. 


Lathrobium  quadratuni  Payk. 

nigrum  Lee. 

var.  terminatum  Grav. 

pnnctntatiDn  Lee. 
Tachinus  basalis  Er. 

circumcinctus  Maek. 
T.  apterus  Maek. 
Tachyporus  nitidulus  Fab. 

brunneiis  Fab. 
Conosonia  bipustulatuni  Grav. 

bisignatum  Horn. 
Bolitobius  pygmaeus  Fab. 

ymacutatus  Say,  venustus  Mels. 
B.  angularis  Sachse. 

pyg})ic€ns  %  Horn. 
B.  exoletus  Er. 

T,-notatus  %  Cat. /aci/is  Casey. 

B.  poecilus  Mann. 
01istha;rus  substriatus  Payk. 
Oxytelus  laqueatus  iMarsh. 

fuscipennis  Mann. 
O.  rugosus  Fab. 
O.  nitidulus  Grav. 

punctatus  Lee,  f  nitidulus  Lee. 
O.  tetracarinatus  Block. 

depressus  Grav. 
Trogopliloeus  pusillus  Grav. 

subtilis  X  Lee. 
T.  corticinus  Grav. 

fulvipcnnis  Fauv. 
T.  meninonius  Er. 

inancus,  spectatus  Casey. 
Geodromicus  plagiatus  Fab. 

ovipenttis  Lee. 

var.  nigrita  Muell. 
Orochares  angustata  Er. 
Olophrum  fuscum  Grav. 

latum  Maek. 
Homalium  florale  Payk. 

rufipes  %  Fauv. 
Adonia  variegata  Goeze. 

constellata  Laich. 
Coccinella  transversoguttata  Fald. 

C.  II-PUNCTATA  Z/««. 

var.  menetriesi  Muls. 
Anatis  ocellata  Linn. 

lypunctata  Oliv. 
Rhyssodes  americanus  Lapl. 

exaratus  %  111.,  Westw. 


-43— 


Silvanus  gemellatus  Duv. 

qiiadricollis  %  Casey,  Lee. 
S.  cassice  Reiche. 

gilce  Casey. 
Nausibius  clavicornis  Kug. 

dentatus  Marsh. 
Cr>'ptophagus     lapponicus      Gyll., 
verus  (nee.    Reitter,   nee.  pubes- 
cens  Sturm). 

beringeiisis  J.  Sahib. 
Anthrenus  verbasci  Linn. 

varius  Fab. 
A.  museorum  Linn. 
A.  fuscus  Latr. 

claviger  Er. 
Orphilus  niger  Rossi,  not  American 
Epuriea  terminalis  3Iann. 

iiHDiunda  Er. 
Ips  4-guttatus  Fab. 

var.  I'asciatus  Oliv. 
Lathridius  consimilis  Mann. 

parallelocollis  Mann. 
L.  constrictus  Gyll. 

carinatiis  Gyll. 
Corticaria  pubescens  Gyll. 

piligera  Mann. ,  grossa  Lee. 
C.  ferruginea  Gyll. 

fefiestralis  A.\\ct.,  dt-lcla  "Mann. 
C.  elongata  Gyll. 
Melanophthalnia  distinguenda  Co)n. 

morsa,  pmnila  Lee. 

subangiilata  Mots. 
M.  similata  Gyll. 

siibimpressa  Zimm. 
Cryptohypnus  dermestoides  Herbst. 

var.  4-guttatus  Lapl. 
Melanotus  eastanipes  Payk. 

9  scrobicollis  Lee. 
Athous  undulatus  DeG. 
Corymbites  sericeus  Gebler. 
C.  nigricornis  Panz. 

inetallicus  Payk 
Melanophila  acumhiata  DeG. 

appendicula  Fab.,  longipes  Say. 
M.  GUTTULATA  Gebler. 

var.  drummondi  Kirby. 
Opilus  domesticus  Sturtn. 
Necrobia  rufipes  DeG. 


Gibbium  psylloides  Czenpinsk. 

scolias  Seop. 
Trigonogenius  (Spluericus)  gibboi- 

des  Boield. 
Xestobiuni  rufovillosum  DeG. 

fessellaliiin  Fab. 
Aphodius  aleutus  Esch. 

iirsinus  Mots. 

A.  putridus  Herbst. 
foetidiis  Fab. 

Oxyomus  sylvestris  Scop. 

porcatus  Fab. 
Phymatodes  variabilis  Linn. 
P.  lividus  Rossi. 

thoracicus  Comolli. 
Rhagium  inquisitor  Liufi. 

var.  lineatum  Oliv. 
Adoxus  obscurus  Linn. 

vitis  Fab. 
Entomoseelis  adonidis  Pallas. 
Plagiodera  armoraeice  Linn. 

cochlearice  Panz. 
Bruchus  chinensis  Linn. 

scutellaris  Fab. 

B.  pisorum  Linn. 

pisi  Linn. 
B.    rufimanus    Bohni.    should    be 

dropped. 
Blaps  similis  Latr. 

nwrtisaga  in  error. 
B.  mueronata  Latr. 
Alphitobius  ovatus  Herbst. 

diaperinus  Muls. 
A.  piceus  Oliv. 

mauritatiiciis  Fab.    diaperinus 
Panzer. 
Alphitophagus  bifasciatus  Say. 

qnadripustulatus  Stephens. 
Xylita  laevigata  Hellen. 
Hypulus  vaudoueri  Mills. 

fuscus  Lee. 
Anthicus  basilaris  Say. 

quisquilius  Thonis. 
Otiorhynchus  linearis  Linn. 

picipes  Fab. 
Sitones  lineellus  Bonsd. 
Hypomolyx  piceus  GeG. 

pineti  Fab. 
Tanysphyrus  lemnae  Pay!:. 


—44— 


Acalyptus  carpini  Fab. 
Ceutorhynchus  cyanipennis  Germ, 
ill. 

sulcicolUs  Gyll. 
Rhinoncus  pyrrhopus  Bohm. 
Phytobius  velatiis  \  Lee.  =  n.  s. 
Xyloterus  lineatus  Oliv. 

bivittatus  Kirby. 


DryoccEtes  autographus  Ratz 
septentrionis  Mann. 

Crypturgus  pusillus  Gyll. 
atomus  Lee. 

Hylurgops  glabratus  Zctt. 
pinifex  Fitch. 


The  following  synonymy 
Rhantus  grapei  Gyll. 

var.  sinuatus  Lee. 
Chalcophora  marianna  Linn. 

var.  virginiensis  Herbst. 

var.  angulicollis  Lcc. 
Tragosoma  depsarium  Linn. 

var.  harrisii  Lee. 
Asemum  striatum  IJnn. 

var.  moestum  Hald. 


is  proposed  for  consideration: 

Criocephalus  rusticus  Linn. 

var.  agrestis  Kirby. 
Monohammus  sutor  Linn. 

var.  scutellatus  JSay. 
Gastroidea  viridula  DeG. 

formosa  Say. 
Pytho  DEPRESsus  IJjin. 

var.  americanus  Kirby. 


Species,  the  European  synonymy  of  which  appears  to  be  chaotic, 
and  which  it  is  prudent  to  retain  in  our  catalogues  with  the  present 
names  till  the  matter  is  settled.  Italics  indicate  the  unsettled  names 
as  they  relate  to  our  fauna: 

Licinus  silphoides  Fab.  =^ pHnctnlatus  Fab.  [unnecessary.] 
Pristonychus  terricola  Hbst.;  whether  this  or  inEequahs  Panz.  is  the  older  is 

unsettled. 
BradyceUus  cognatus  Payk.  =  dentschi  Sahib. 

Hydroporus  morio  Sharp  =  inorio  Gem.  and  H.  [some  confusion.] 
Rhantus  bistriatus  Bergst  =  suturellis  Harris  [some  confusion.] 
Cercyon  flavipes  Fab.  =  var.  of  hcsmorrhoidale  Fab. 
Orphilus  glabratus  Fab.  ^  niger  Rossi. 

Nitidula  bipustulata  Linn.  =  bipunctata  Linn,  [unnecessary.] 
Corymbites  tessellatus  Lijm.  =  sjcelandicus  Mull,  [distinct  species.] 
Bruchus  obsoletus  Say  =  obtectus  Say  [equal  in  point  of  time,  and  obsoletus 

takes  the  precedence  by  long  use.] 
Otiorhynchus  maurus  Gyll.  =  dubins  Stroem. 
O.  monticola  Germ.  =  arcticus  Fab. 
Sciaphilus  muricatus  Fab.  =  asperatus  Bonsd. 
Lepyrus  colon  Fab.  ^  palustris  Scop. 
Hylastes  trifolii  Mull.  =  ohscurus  Marsh. 


Last  summer  I  took  Ceiitorhynclucs  erysijfii  ¥zh.,  at  Pocatello 
in  southern  Idaho.  This  species  has  been  recorded  from  Kansas 
(Knaus,  Trans.  Kan.  Acad,  of  Sciences,  vol.  ix,  p.  60)  and  also 
occurs  in  Iowa.  How  widely  it  may  have  been  distributed  over  the 
East  I  do  not  know.  H.  F.  Wickham. 


—45— 
New  Species  of  Mexican  Lepidoptera. 

BY  WILLIAM    SCHAUS,    JR. 
(Continued  from  p.  20,  vol.  vi.) 

MELAMERID^. 

Flavinia  jalapae  n.  sp. — Above  primaries  black,  with  a  large  round  spot 
of  brit^ht  yellow  near  the  apex,  and  a  semiovate  yellow  space  on  the  inner 
margin  from  the  base  to  near  the  internal  angle.  Secondaries  bright  yellow, 
the  outer  margin  bordered  with  black.  Underneath  the  markings  the  same 
as  on  the  upperside,  the  apices  of  the  primaries,  however,  faintly  tipped  with 
white.  Head  and  antennae  black.  Collar  yellow.  Abdomen  black  dorsally, 
yellow  laterally  and  underneath.     Expands  35  mm.;  2  (5^(j^  i  9- 

Jalapa. 

LASIOCAMPID^. 

Coeculia  fibra  n.  sp. — Male — Primaries  above:  basal  half  whitish,  except 
a  small  space  at  the  base  and  two  contiguous  transverse  lines  close  to  this 
small  space,  which  are  gray  ;  outer  half  gray,  paler  along  the  outer  margin, 
and  separated  from  the  inner  whitish  portion  of  the  wing  by  two  contiguous 
dark  gray,  transverse  lines.  Secondaries  grayish  white,  with  indistinct  cen- 
tral and  submarginal  transverse  grayish  markings.  The  abdominal  margin 
clothed  with  long  graj'ish  scales.  Underneath  dull  white,  with  a  broad  dark 
transverse  band  on  the  primaries.  Head  and  thorax  brownish,  mixed  with 
yellowish  scales.  Abdomen  subdorsally  grayish,  laterally  and  underneath 
3'ellow.     Expands  35  mm. 

Female. — Above  dark  gray,  with  two  contiguous  transverse  lines  at  the 
base  of  the  primaries  of  a  darker  shade,  and  two  similar  lines  crossing  the 
same  wing  just  beyond  the  cell.  A  submarginal,  transverse,  wavy  band  of  a 
slightly  darker  sliade  than  the  ground  color.  Underneath  uniform  dull  gray. 
Head  and  thorax  gray.  Antenna;  ochreous.  Abdomen  above  gray,  with 
transverse  rows  of  dark  yellowish  scales;  underneath  deep  yellow.  Expands 
52  mm.;  2  (^(J"  2  $  $. 

Coatepec. 

Hydrias  deformis  n.  sp. — Primaries  above  brown,  a  conspicuous  round 
l)lack  spot  in  the  cell,  and  a  row  of  small  black  spots  along  the  outer  margin, 
most  conspicuous  at  the  internal  angle,  and  gradually  diminishing  towards 
the  apex.  Secondaries  brown,  darkest  in  the  centre  and  along  the  abdominal 
margin;  a  couple  of  small  black  spots  near  the  apex.  Underneath  uniform 
light  brown.  Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  above,  dark  brown;  underneath 
paler.  Expands  36  mm. ;  i  ? . 
Paso  de  San  }uan. 

Oclia  macerra  n.  sf:). — Primaries  above  white,  at  the  base  a  small,  and  at 
the  apex  a  large  blotch  of  rich  brown.  Secondaries  yellowish,  white  at  the 
base;  a  small,  rich  brown  spot  at  the  apex.  Underneath  whitish,  the  costal 
margin  of  the  primaries  broadly  bordered  with  brown.  Head  and  thorax 
white.  Abdomen  golden  yellow,  except  a  dorsal  tuft  of  white  hairs  at  the 
base.  E#ipands  20  mm.;  2  c?c?. 
Paso  de  San  Juan. 


-46- 

LIMACODIDyE. 

Echedorus  infernalis  n.   sp. — Primaries  dull  grayish  black,   crossed   by 
numerous  transverse  angular  markings  of  black  and  brown-gray.     A  small    j 
black  spot  at  the  end  of  the  cell.     Secondaries  dull  black.     Underneath  dull    ; 
black,  with  a  light,  marginal,  wavy  band  on  the  primaries.    Collar  and  thora.x 
black,  base  of  patagise  pink-brown.     Abdomen  dull  black  dorsally;  under-    I 
neath  mi.xed  with  a  few  paler  scales.     Expands  38  mm.     i  (^. 

Jalapa.  ' 

BOMBYCID^.  ; 

Dicranura  platea  n.  sp. — Primaries  silvery  white,  crossed  by  si.x  wavy  \ 
black  lines  from  the  costa  to  the  inner  margin;  the  first  close  to  the  base,  the  | 
second  interrupted  in  the  cell  by  a  circular  black  spot,  beneath  which  the  ] 
transverse  line  is  double,  the  third  crossing  about  the  centre  of  the  wing,  the  i 
fourth  crossing  at  the  end  of  the  cell,  and  between  this  line  and  the  third  \ 
there  is  another  smaller  black  circle  in  the  cell;  the  fifth  and  sixth  lines  rather  i 
heavier  than  the  others,  the  sixth  having  at  the  apex  a  shorter  black  line  con- 
tiguous to  it.  On  the  extreme  outer  margin  a  row  of  conspicuous  black  spots.  : 
Secondaries  grayish,  with  indistinct  marginal  and  submarginal  lines,  and  a  \ 
row  of  small  black  spots  on  the  extreme  outer  margin.  Underneath  brown-  -i 
white,  fringes  white;  a  row  of  black  spots  on  the  extreme  outer  margin  of 
both  wings;  a  few  black  marks  on  the  costal  margin  of  the  primaries,  and  i 
two  indistinct  transverse  bands  on  the  outer  portion  of  the  wings.  Head  and  < 
collar  white;  thorax  anteriorly  streaked  with  black;  and  otherwise  spotted  \ 
with  black.  Abdomen  silvery  gray,  with  transverse  black  lines,  anus  velvety  I 
black.     Expands  42  mm. ,   i  $ .  ; 

Jalapa.  •{ 

DREPANULID/E.  | 

Perophora  inscita  n.  sp. — Wings  above  fawn  color,  thinly  powdered  with 
black  scales.     The  costal  margin  of  the  primaries  at  the  apex,  and  the  outer  ^ 
margins  and  fringes  of  both  wings  olive-brown.     An  olive-brown  line  crosses'  * 
both  wings  from  just  below  the  apex  of  the  primaries  to  the  anal  angle  of  the  J 
secondaries  ;  this  line  is  faintly  bordered  outwardly  with  yellowish.     On  the    j 
costal  margin  of  the  primaries  about  two-thirds  from  the  base  a  small  cluster   I 
of  black  scales.    A  very  small  crescent-shaped  transparent  spot  at  the  end  of   1 
the  cell  on  the  primaries,  and  a  small  black  spot  on  the  cell  of  the  seconda-    , 
ries.     Underneath  paler,  with  the  markings  of  the  upperside  repeated,  but    ■ 
the  transverse  band  is  very  indistinct  on  the  secondaries,  and  at  its  upper   j 
extremity  on  the  primaries  it  turns  abruptly  inwards  to  the  costal  margin, 
forming  an  acute  angle.     Head,  thorax  and  abdomen  fawn  color  speckled 
with  black.     Expands  33  mm. ;  i  (^. 

Coatepec. 

HEPIALID^E. 
Phassus  basirei  n.  sp. — Primaries  pale  fawn  color,  thickly  mottled  with 
gray  streaks  and  light  brown.     Several  dark  brown  spots  and  black  streaks 
along  the  costal  margin,  and  along  the  outer  margin  a  series  of  //-shaped 


—47— 

marks  of  a  deep  brown.  Near  the  base  of  the  \vin<j  and  starting-  from  the 
subcostal  vein,  a  very  irregular  wavy  brown  band  strongly  outlined  with  black; 
at  tirst  this  band  is  moderately  wide,  then  narrows,  beyond  it  suddenly  bulges 
to  treble  its  original  width,  and  rapidly  tapers  to  a  fine  black  line  on  the  inner 
margin  near  the  base.  A  dark  brown  space  at  the  end  of  the  cell,  inwardly 
outlined  with  black  and  enclosing  at  its  outer  extremity  a  triangular  silver 
spot.  Secondaries  dull  brown,  faintly  spotted  on  the  costal  margin;  the  fringe 
is  spotted  with  light  brown  at  the  end  of  the  nervules.  Underneath  dull 
brown,  with  light  spots  on  the  costa  of  both  wings.     Exp.  150  mm.;  29$- 

Coatepec. 

NOTODONTIDyE. 

Anodonta  fascis  n.  sp. — Primaries  above  fawn  color,  mottled  longitudinally 
with  different  shades  of  brown,  the  costal  margin  towards  the  apex  and  the 
inner  margin  being  narrowly  streaked  with  black  and  reddish  brown.  The 
outer  margin  consists  of  first  a  pale  brown  streak,  then  reddish  brown,  bor- 
dered outwardly  by  a  fine,  irregular  black  line,  afterwards  light  brown,  and 
the  base  of  the  fringe  blackish.  All  these  markings  form  together  but  a  nar- 
row border  to  the  outer  margin.  At  the  end  of  the  cell  three  whitish  trans- 
verse streaks  unite  in  fornimg  a  noticeable  spot,  and  beyond  this  to  the  border 
of  the  outer  margin  the  wing  is  very  pale  fawn  color.  Secondaries  dull  brown, 
with  the  outer  margin  reddish  brown,  preceded  at  the  anal  angle  by  a  blackish 
shade.  The  extreme  outer  margin  marked  with  two  fine  brown  lines;  the 
fringe  towards  apex  light,  towards  anal  angle  dark.  Underneath  light  brown, 
a  black  streak  on  extreme  outer  margins.  Head  and  thorax  dark  fawn  color. 
Abdomen  above  dark  brown,  underneath  light  brown.    Exp.  85  mm.;  2  cfcf . 

Jalapa. 


A  Contribution  to  Hymenopterological  Literature. 


At  the  February,  1889,  meeting  of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  Washington,  there  occurred  an  animated  discussion  on  the  habits 
of  Bombiis  and  Apat/ius,  especially  with  reference  to  the  economy 
of  Apathiis,  the  majority  of  the  members  holding  the  received  view 
that  these  bees  are  inquilines.  At  the  close  of  the  discussion  the 
following  corruscation  was  presented  by  the  poetical  member,  which, 
at  the  time,  was  well  received  on  account  of  its  aptness  to  the  discus- 
sion rather  on  account  of  its  rhythmical  merit.  It  may  be  necessary 
to  state  that  Continental  pronunciation  is  given  to  the  diphthong  "  ae" . 

Oh!  an  Apathus  sat  on  a  Chrysanthemum 

A-cleaning  her  antennte. 
And  she  little  thought  of  the  Pyrethrum 

That  would  take  her  life  away! 


-48- 

And  there  she  sat,  a-taking  a  rest, 

And  smiled  in  a  satisfied  ^way, 
For  she'd  laid  ten  eggs  in  a  Bombus  nest 

And  there'd  soon  be  the  de'il  to  pay. 

For  her  offspring  dear,  her  very  first  brood, 

Would  hatch  in  a  very  short  time. 
And  no  trouble  she'd  have  a  storing  up  food, 

For  she  worked  on  the  Cuckoo  hne. 

Her  young  would  hatch  ere  the  young  bumble-bees, 
And  the  young  bumble-bees  would  die. 

While  the  young  Apathi  would  live  at  their  ease 
And  fatten  like  pigs  in  a  sty! 

So  she  sat  in  the  sun,  this  wicked  old  bee, 

And  scratched  her  tibiae, 
And  chuckled  inside  in  lazy  glee 

At  the  business  she'd  done  that  day. 

*  *  * 

But  the  Chrysanthemum  on  which  she  sat 

Belonged  to  a  neat  old  maid, 
Whose  plants  were  her  pride  (next  to  her  cat), 

And  that  day  she  was  out  on  a  raid 

Against  Aphids  and  slugs,  with  a  Buhach-gun 
.     Filled  with  Peters  &  Milco's  best. 
And  seeing  the  Apathus,  just  for  fun. 
She  dusted  her  yellow  vest. 

Lord!  how  the  cheat  kicked  as  she  fell  on  the  ground! 

And  how  she  did  buzz  and  hum! 
But  she  never  got  well— she  never  "  came  round"— 

Her  fraudulent  life  was  done. 

*  *  * 

From  this  little  tale  can  a  moral  be  drawn- 
How  the  bumble-bee  loafs  not  a  bit; 

But  works  all  day  from  the  earliest  dawn. 
And  thus  'scaped  the  death-dealing  hit  ? 

This  moral  is  good,  but  please  don't  forget 

Those  eggs  that  the  Apathus  hid! 
The  Bombus  is  working  and  slaving  yet, 

But  it's  all  for  the  other  one's  kid! 


Dr.  Horn  has  been  appointed  Professor  of  Entomology  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania.  The  Doctor  could  do  us  no  greater 
favor  than  by  graduating  many  young  men  to  follow  in  the  hnes  he 
has  so  well  staked  out! 


—49  — 
NEW  CALIFORNIA  HOMOPTERA. 

BY    E.    P.*  VANDUZEE. 
(Continued  from  p.  3S,  vol.  vi.) 

Agallia  osulata. — Continued. 

Coljr:  Superior  edge  of  the  vertex  and  the  iM'oad  outer  margin  of  the 
cheeks  whitish;  lorae,  clypeus  and  disc  of  the  front  pale  fulvous.  Sutures  of 
the  face,  central  longitudinal  line  on  the  vertex,  two  round  spots  on  the  ocelli, 
two  larger  ones  above  these  on  the  superior  margin,  three  small  ones  ad- 
joining each  eye,  antennal  cavities,  and  a  few  transverse  lines  on  each  side  of 
the  front,  black.  Eyes  dark  brown.  Basal  jomts  of  the  antennae  whitish. 
Central  longitudinal  line  of  the  pronotum,  two  large  oval  or  subtriangular 
spots  placed  obliquely  on  the  disc  either  side  of  this  medial  line,  two  minute 
ones  near  the  apex,  and  a  small  one  on  the  posterior  margin  behind  each  eye, 
black;  anterior  margin  and  an  area  behind  each  of  the  large  discal  spots  ob- 
scured with  brown.  Scutellum  pale,  the  basal  angles,  two  small  points  be- 
tween them,  the  short  transverse  impressed  line,  and  a  longitudinal  line  divid- 
ing the  posterior  field,  black.  Elytra  dark  brown,  paler  toward  the  costa,  the 
nervures  whitish.  Pectus  black.  Coxce  and  legs  pale;  lower  surface  of  the 
anterior  and  intermediate  femora  and  all  the  tibiae,  especially  the  posterior, 
clouded  with  fuscous;  claws  black.  Abdomen  testaceous  brown,  or  almost 
fuscous,  sometimes  darker  on  the  disc  of  the  tergum  and  venter;  genital 
pieces  pale. 

Described  from  two  individuals,  representing'  both  sexes  (No. 
278).  The  dark  markings  are  without  doubt  subject  to  more  or  less 
variation  in  intensity  and  extent  as  in  our  allied  eastern  form,  A.  4- 
pundata,  which  this  represents  in  the  Californian  fauna.  The  male 
is  paler  in  color  than  the  female,  thus  bringing  the  dark  spots  into 
stronger  contrast. 

JASSID^. 
3.  Jassns  lactipennis  n.  sp. 

Ftirm  oval,  short  and  thick.  Color  soiled  white  or  yellowish.  Elytra 
milky,  or  subopalescent  white,  nervures  simple,  strong;  tergum  black. 
Length  about  4  mm. 

Head  a  little  narrower  than  the  pronotum,  prominent  before.  Vertex 
pentagonal  in  form,  obtusely -angled  before,  hind  margin  slightly  concave, 
length  next  the  eye  subequal  to  the  breadth;  passage  to  the  front  rounded; 
front  narrow,  convex,  the  sides  parallel.  Clypeus  oblong,  about  one-half  the 
width  of  the  front,  truncate  at  the  ends.  Lorae  small,  extending  from  the 
lower  angles  of  the  front  to  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  clypeus.  Cheeks 
narrow,  sides  concavely  arcuated  from  the  outer  angles  of  the  eyes  to  the 
lorae,  then  rounded  to  the  apex,  which  in  the  male  distinctly  surpasses  the 
clypeus.  Eyes,  viewed  from  the  side,  almost  round,  from  above  oval.  Ocelli 
minute,  on  the  edge  of  the  vertex  quite  distant  from  the  eyes.  Antenna  very 
long,  basal  joints  stout,  base  of  the  seta  thick,  but  tapering  rapidly  to  a  slen- 
der bristle.     Rostrum  short,  hardly  reaching  the  tip  of  the  anterior  trochan- 


— 50— 

ters,  composed  of  two  joints,  the  second  a  little  the  longer;  pronotum  short, 
especially  in  the  male,  hardly  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  vertex;  angles 
prominent,  posterior  margin  concave,  subparallel  to  the  anterior;  surface 
obscurely  transversely  striated.  Scutellum  longer  than  the  pronotum.  Elytra 
narrowed  toward  the  tip;  costa  uniformly  arcuated  from  near  the  base  to  the 
apex;  appendix  very  narrow;  nervures  prominent,  punctured,  first  sector 
forked  once  at  the  basal  third,  where  a  transverse  nervure  unites  it  with  the 
simple  second  sector,  thus  forming  one  small  basal,  two  long  discal,  and  four 
short  apical  areolets;  costal  areole  broad.  Clavus  with  two  nervures,  the 
inner  short  and  curved  inwards  to  the  suture,  but  little  behind  the  point  of 
the  scutellum;  first  two  sectors  of  the  wings  united  in  one  before  their  end; 
third  sector  forked  on  its  apical  fourth  and  united  to  the  second  by  an  oblique 
nervure;  supernumerary  cell  present.  Legs  normal;  basal  joint  of  the  pos- 
terior tarsi  exceeding  in  length  the  two  following. 

Color:  Male. — Head  pale  dull  fulvous  yellow,  clearer  on  the  central  li:;e 
of  the  vertex  and  near  the  ocelli;  extreme  tip  with  a  small  black  point  and 
another  adjoins  each  ocellus  without;  front  with  a  brown  longitudinal  vitta 
each  side.  Eyes  black,  pronotum  dusky  whitish,  with  three  paler  longitudi- 
nal lines,  the  lateral  somewhat  oblique.  Scutellum  pale  yellowish  white, 
with  a  short,  oblique,  brown  line  near  each  basal  angle  in  continuation  of  the 
inner  claval  nervure.  Elytra  subhyaline,  dull  subopalescent  or  milky-white; 
nervures  brown,  dotted  with  white,  paler  at  apex.  Wings  whitish  hyaline, 
iridescent;  nervures  brown  and  conspicuous.  Beneath  black,  pectoral  pieces 
edged  without  with  pale.  Abdomen  black,  connexivum  and  edge  of  the 
segments  pale;  apex  of  the  genital  pieces  whitish.  Legs  soiled  white,  apex 
of  the  tarsal  joints  and  lower  face  of  .the  posterior  tibiae  embrowned. 

Female. — Head,  pronotum  and  scutellum  dull  white,  tinged  with  yellow; 
frontal  vittte  pale  salmon  color,  or  sometimes  wanting.  Tergum  and  all  be- 
neath soiled  white;  base  of  the  tergum,  and  occasionally  a  few  spots  on  the 
sternum,  black;  first  two  sectors  of  the  wings  pale  and  indistinct,  otherwise 
like  the  male. 

Genital  pieces:  Male. — Valve  wanting,  plates  long,  narrowed  above  to 
the  obtusely  rounded  tips;  with  a  few  scattering  hairs. 

Female. — Last  ventral  segment  longer  than  wide;  apex  straight,  with  a 
minute  central  notch.  Pygofers  broad,  not  produced  at  the  apex;  a  little 
shorter  than  the  ovipositor,  fringed  with  a  i'ew  short  hairs. 

Described  from  one  male  (No.  629)  and  two  female  (No.  277) 
specimens.  Superficially,  this  insect  bears  a  marked  resemblance  to 
Tettigonia  tripunctata  Fitch,  although  the  two  species  are  very  dis- 
tinct structurally.  It  differs  fi-om  the  genus  Jassiis  as  restricted  by 
Stal  in  the  simple  neuration  of  the  elytra  and  the  consequent  less 
number  of  apical  areoles,  the  convex  front,  the  narrower  clypeus, 
and  the  elongated  antennal  setae,  and  probably  forms  the  type  of  a 
distinct  genus.  It  has  much  the  form  of  Jassus  gratiosus  Span,  as 
figured  by  its  author  (Of.  K.  Vet.  Ak.  Forh.  Vol.  36,  No.  6,  p.  25, 
plate  16,   fig.   ID,   1879),   but  is  shorter  and  differs  by  most  of  the 


—51— 

characters  given  above  as  separating  it  from  Stal's  genus.  It  is  cer- 
tainly a  very  interesting  addition  to  the  Jassid  fauna  of  N.  America. 
The  opalescence  of  the  elytra  is  much  more  manifest  in  some  exam- 
ples than  in  others,  but  otherwise  there  seems  to  be  but  litUe  ten- 
dency to  variability  in  the  species. 

4.  Scaphoideus  scalaris  n.  sp. 

Smaller  and  less  robust  than  S.  immistus  Say,  which  it  approaches  in 
ornamentation.  Pale  testaceous,  varied  witli  brown;  elytra  whitish  hyaline, 
with  brown  nervures  and  areolar  spots.     Length  about  5  mm. 

Head  narrower  than  the  pronotum,  forming  an  almost  regular  equilateral 
triangle,  the  posterior  margin  deeply  arcuated,  vertex  horizontal,  apex  ob- 
tuse, passage  to  the  front  rounded.  Front  long  and  narrow,  sides  nearly 
rectilinear,  a  little  incurved  at  the  apex.  Clypeus  narrow,  widened  at  the 
rounded  apex,  which  moderately  surpasses  the  cheeks.  Lora;  as  wide  as  the 
clypeus.  Cheeks  broad,  feebly  angled  opposite  the  middle  of  the  lorae,  with 
which  they  coalesce  before  reaching  the  clypeus.  Antennae  about  as  in  im- 
mistus. Hind  margin  of  the  pronotum  straight,  latero-posterior  margins  more 
oblique  than  in  the  allied  species,  and  the  lateral  angles  more  prominent. 

Color  pale  testaceous.  Vertex  with  a  transverse  brown  spot  anterior  to 
the  middle,  behind  which  a  broad  whitish  shade  runs  to  the  hind  margin, 
bisected  longitudinally  by  a  fine  brown  line  and  obscurely  margined  with  the 
same  color;  posterior  to  this  brown  mark  is  a  similar,  but  slightly  oblique  one 
on  either  side  of  the  central  whitish  line,  extending  outwardly  from  its  margin 
nearly  to  the  anterior  angle  of  the  eye;  anterior  margin  of  the  vertex  with  an 
angulated  brown  line,  beyond  which  on  the  extreme  edge  are  five  whitish 
spots,  three  on  the  apex  and  one  adjoining  each  ocellus,  or  these  may  be  re- 
duced to  a  single  arcuated  spot  each  side  of  the  apex.  Temples  alternated 
with  brown  and  white.  P^ace  pale  testaceous,  embrowned  beneath  the  eyes, 
front  brown,  with  the  central  and  lateral  transverse  lines  and  the  margin  pale, 
or  pale,  with  transverse  brown  lines  more  or  less  confluent  above.  Base  of 
the  antennae  pale,  second  joint  with  a  brown  ring,  setae  brown,  paler  at  base. 
Rostrum  pale,  tip  black;  pronotum  alternated  with  brown  and  cinereous  on 
the  anterior  margin;  disc  obscurely  irrorate  with  pale,  and  with  an  indistinct 
pale  central  line.  Scutellum  obscurely  varied  with  pale  testaceous  and  cine- 
reous, sometimes  with  brown  spots  on  the  basal  angles.  Elytra  whitish  hya- 
line, faintly  obscured  with  pale  fulvous  in  about  three  transverse  clouds;  ner- 
vures and  the  centre  of  some  of  the  discal  areoles  on  the  corium  pale  brown; 
two  short  transverse  nervures  beyond  the  apex  of  the  costal  area,  two  others 
on  the  sutural  margin  beyond  the  tip  of  the  clavus,  and  the  broad  apex  fus- 
cous, sutural  margin  of  the  clavus  with  three  small  fuscous  spots,  one  on  its 
extreme  tip  and  another  on  the  apex  of  each  claval  nervure.  Wings  hyaline, 
iridescent;  nervures  fuscous.  Beneath  pale  tescaceous,  faintly  embrowned 
on  the  middle  of  the  pectoral  pieces  and  on  the  sides  of  the  ventral  segments. 
Tergum  fuscous,  the  incisures  and  margins  pale.  Legs  soiled  white,  the  lower 
surface  of  the  femora  obscurely  clouded  with  pale  brown;  tip  of  the  tibiae, 
the  tarsal  joints,  and  a  minute  point  at  the  base  of  tlie  tibial  spines  on  the 
posterior  feet  blackish. 


—52— 

Genital  pieces:  Male. — Last  ventral  segment  broadly  excavated  on  the 
posterior  margin.  Valve  short,  occupying  the  concavity  of  the  hind  mar- 
gin of  the  last  ventral  segment;  its  posterior  edge  but  feebly  convex,  with 
a  minute  central  tooth.  Plates  flat,  rather  long-triangular,  their  edges  almost 
straight,  above  abruptly  narrowed  to  long,  slender,  flaccid  tips,  clothed  at 
their  apex  with  soft  white  hairs.  Pygofers  much  longer  than  the  plates, 
tliickly  beset  with  long,  stout,  brown  bristles. 

Female. — Penultimate  ventral  segment  narrowed  at  the  middle,  the  ulti- 
mate long,  rounded  toward  the  apex,  which  is  truncated  and  compressed 
against  the  sides  of  the  pygofers;  surface  finely  punctured.  Pygofers  long 
and  narrow,  clothed  with  stiff  bristles. 

Described  from  six  individuals  representing  both  se.xes  (No. 
605  male,  No.  623  female).  This  neat  little  species  is  very  closely 
allied  to  S.  consors  Uhl,  but  appears  to  be  sufficiently  distinct.  It  is 
quite  variable  in  the  shade  of  the  ground  color,  and  in  the  depth 
and  extent  of  the  dark  markings,  especially  on  the  abciomen. 

The  genus  Scaphoidcus  has  been  recently  characterized  by  Mr. 
Uhler  in  the  ' '  Trans,  of  the  Maryland  Academy  of  Sciences  for 
1888,  p.  33  (1889),"  and  by  M.  Provancher  in  his  "Petit  Faune 
Ent.  du  Canad.  Vol.  3,  p.  276."  It  agrees  with  Thaninotettix  ■awA 
Phlepsiiis  in  wanting  the  second  short  trans\'erse  nervure  connecting 
the  inner  branch  of  the  first  sector  with  the  second  sector,  and  by 
this  same  character  may  be  separated  from  PIatyi)ietopius,  with 
which  it  seems  to  be  nearly  parallel.  Its  true  position  will  doubtless 
be  found  between  the  two  former  genera  which  it  ser\'es  in  a  measure 
to  connect.  It  is  distinguished  from  all  other  genera  of  the  Jassidcz 
known  to  me  by  its  elongated  antennal  setae. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Regarding  Stenopodius  flavidus. 

The  remarks  of  Prof  Smith  on  this  insect  in  Vol.  V  of  Ent. 
Amer.  p.  122,  have  reminded  me  of  an  observation  I  made  while 
in  Arizona  which  tends  to  disprove  the  correctness  of  Dr.  Horn's 
surmise  that  the  species  is  subaquatic  in  its  habits.  I  captured  two 
specimens  of  this  remarkable  insect  on  a  low  plant  (one  of  the  Mal- 
vacecc  I  believe)  at  least  three  miles  from  any  water.  Their  presence 
in  such  a  situation  leads  to  the  belief  that  they  can  hardly  be  sub- 
ac|uatic,  as  it  is  doubtful  if  two  specimens  would  travel  so  far  from 
water  over  such  an  exceedingly  dry  country  and  come  to  rest  on  the 
same  plant.  These  two  specimens  were  all  I  ever  saw.  Taken  at 
Winslow,  Ariz.,  in  early  July.  H.  F.  Wickham. 


—53— 
NOTES  ON  SOME  SCOLYTIDS. 

BY  JOHN  B.   SMITH. 

Durins;-  the  early  days  of  April  I  found  opportunity  to  study 
several  species  of  Scoly tides  still  in  their  burrows.  Some  of  these 
species  have  not  yet  been  satisfactorily  determined.  To  Mr.  E.  A. 
Schwarz  I  owe  the  identification  of  species  here  treated  of 


Chramesus   icoriae   Lee. 

Quite  common  in  Hickory  twigs  from  three-fifths  to  one  inch 
in  diameter.  The  burrows  are  mainly  in  the  wood  and  just  traced 
on  the  bark.  The  main  channel  made  by  the  imago  is  clean,  up- 
right, usually  about  an  inch  in  length,  with  an  enlargement  at  one 
side,  usually  at  the  top,  but  quite,  frequently  also  at  the  bottom, 
enabling  the  parent  beetle  to  turn  in  the  burrow.  The  form  shown 
in  the  annexed  figure  is  characteristic  and  observable  in  all  speci- 
mens. From  each  side  of  this 
main  gallery  arise  the  larva! 
\]J\|j[  /^K  galleries,     which     are     always 

closely  packed  with  the  saw- 
dust made  by  the  larva.  These 
galleries  vary  grea.tly  in  length ; 
some,  containing  a  fully  grown 
larva,  being  scarcely  a  third  of 
the  length  of  others  containing 
larvae  no  whit  larger.  They 
start  from  the  main  gallery  at 
right  angles,  but  usually  turn 
up  or  down  almost  immediately 
if  at  either  extreme  of  the  gal- 
lery, or  as  soon  as  they  get 
beyond  the  range  of  the  preceding  gallery.  It  is  comparatively, 
rare  that  there  is  a  crossing  of  galleries;  often  there  will  be  scarcely 
a  shaving  between  them.  Rarely  a  larva  will  get  tired  of  mining 
across  the  grain,  and  will  strike  boldly  upward  or  downward  cross- 
ng  whatever  is  in  the  way  to  get  a  free  space.  When  the  larva  is 
fully  grown  the  gallery  is  rather  abruptly  widened  as  a  pupal  cham- 
ber. At  this  date,  April,  none  of  the  larva  have  transformed,  but 
they  have  ceased  feeding.  The  figure  will  show  the  appearance  of 
the  galleries.  The  larva  is  curculionid  in  form,  pure  white,  about 
one-sixteenth  of  an  inch  in  length,  and  with  a  brown,  chitinous 
head,  usually  retracted  so  as  to  show  only  the  mandibles.    The  form 


—54— 

of  the  head  is  indicated  in  the  annexed  figure.  There  are  two  ocelH 
on  each  side,  very  distinctly  shown;  the  mandibles  are  very  stout, 
curved,  with  a  broad  gouge-like  cutting  face,  somewhat  irregularly 
serrate  or  dentate,  the  opposing  edges  meeting  accurately.  The 
maxilla  is  broad,  fleshy,  furnished  with  a  double  series  of  stout, 
longer  and  shorter  spines.  The  palpus  is  3-jointed,  the  joints 
smooth,  short  and  stout.  The  labial  palpi  are  2-jointed,  the  basal 
joint  broad  and  flat,  not  visible,  except  on  careful  examination,  the 
terminal  joint  obtuse;  the  other  features  are  scarcely  characteristic 
enough  to  describe,  and  the  figure  will  give  a  good  idea  of  the 
mouth  parts. 

HYPOTHENEMUS  Westw. 

This  genus  deserves  the  careful  study  of  a  specialist,  judging 
from  my  observations  made  on  the  biological  side  of  the  matter. 
From  grape  stems,  infested  by  Phymatodes  amoznus,  I  bred  also  a 
series  of  Scolytids  making  perfectly  straight,  longitudinal  galleries, 
and  occasionally  boring  a  clean  hole  to  the  pith.  Two-sized  speci- 
mens differing  in  form  and  vestiture  were  found,  which  I  accepted 
as  male  and  female,  and  these  Mr.  Schwarz  named  as  H.  dissimih's 
for  the  more  robust  form,  and  H.  cruditus  (large  form,  hispiduhis 
Lee.)  for  the  slighter  form.  I  was  convinced  we  had  here  the  two 
sexes  of  one  species,  but  such  occurrences  in  the  Scolytids  are  not 
rare,  i.  e. ,  where  male  and  female  are  described  as  specifically  dis- 
tinct, and  I  thought  nothing  of  it.  All  the  galleries  seemed  made 
by  the  imagos  and  I  saw  no  trace  of  larvae. 

Some  few  days  later,  in  cutting  oak  branches,  I  ran  across  a  lot 
of  small  twigs  which  had  the  centre  hollowed  out,  and,  rammed  up 
at  one  end,  a  line  of  beetles  varying  in  number  from  three  to  six; 
there  were  no  larval  galleries,  and  the  infested  twigs  were  only  about 
double  the  diameter  of  the  inclosed  beetles.  There  were  here  also 
two  sizes  represented,  and  altogether  they  closely  resembled  the 
grape  species.  I  sent  them  to  Mr.  Schwarz,  and  in  due  time  re- 
ceived a  return;  the  larger  specimens,  H.  dissimilis;  the  smaller, 
H.  eredus.  These  two  forms  in  oak  I  am  also  convinced  are  sexes 
of  one  species,  though  what  the  exact  relation  of  the  eredus  in  oak 
to  the  eriiditus  {hispiduhis)  of  the  grape  may  be  I  will  not  venture 
to  state.  Unless  polygamy  exists  among  Scolytids  I  will  not  ven- 
ture to  guess  why  the  males  to  both  erudihis  and  erechis  seemed  to 
be  dissiynilis. 

About  the  same  time  I  found,  with  Chra^iiesiis  icoricc,  in  smaller 
branches  of  the  same  trees  a  small  species  making  a  somewhat  dis- 


—55— 

tinctive  gallery,  a  fioure  of  which  is  also  hereto  annexed.  In  each 
case  there  is  a  \'ery  irregular  main  gallery,  from  which  branch  off 
in  all  directions  and  at  very  irregular  intervals,  short, 
irregular  galleries.  Usually  there  is,  in  about  the  centre 
of  the  system  a  loop,  connecting  two  main  series  and 
giving  origin  to  several  larval  galleries  radiating  in  all 
directions.  At  the  time  I  collected  the  twigs  the  beetles 
were  quiescent  in  the  side  galleries.  The  galleries 
seemed  uniform  in  diameter  throughout,  and  were  in 
the  wood  rather  than  the  bark.  At  about  the  same  time 
I  found  in  the  stems  of  oak  cut  for  Elaphidion  larva,  a 
Aery  similar  species  with  galleries  very  much  the  same, 
but  much  more  numerous  and  much  less  definite  for  that 
reason.  Two  sizes  were  represented  here  also,  but  all  of 
them  less  than  half  the  size  of  the  grape  or  other  oak 
species.  These  also  I  sent  to  Mr.  Schwarz,  and  in  due 
time  received  the  legend :  "  /Z  eruditiis  West,  a  little  larger  than 
typical  form,"  and  "'  H.  eruditus  West,  typical  size."  Here  my 
faith  ends!  I  feel  certain  that  hispidulus  Lee.  is  not  eruditus  Westw., 
and  I  am  as  certain  as  any  one  can  well  be  from  field  work  merely, 
that  dissimilis  Zimm.  and  hispidiihis  Lee.  do  refer  to  sexes  of  the 
same  form.  Where  eyediis  Lee.  may  go  I  am  not  so  certain,  but 
if  it  be  distinct  from  hispiduhis,  then  the  male  cannot  be  the  dis- 
similis Zimm. 


The  "  Ultimate  Larva"  of  Platypsyllus. 

BY  GEO.  H.    HORN,   M.  D. 

In  the  February  Entomologica  Dr.  Riley  describes  what  he 
calls  the  ' '  ultimate  larva' '  with  so  many  details  very  greatly  different 
from  those  previously  described  by  him  and  myself  in  what,  for 
convenience,  I  will  call  the  "  penultimate  larva,"  that  I  have  thought 
it  advisable  to  direct  attention  to  them. 

It  may  be  stated  axiomatically  that  the  larvae  of  coleoptera, 
more  particularly  in  their  final  period,  de\'elop  tozvard  the  imago 
without  any  abrupt  changes,  which  cause  them  to  differ  both  from  an 
earlier  stage  and  from  the  imago. 

The  so-called  "ultimate  larva"  violates  the  above  proposition 
in  many  important  particulars,  but  for  present  purposes  the  head  is 
alone  taken  for  review. 

In  the  larva  and  imago  of  Platypsyllus  the  head  is  of  semicir- 
cular outline,  the  broadest  portion  being  the  base.     In  the  "  ultimate 


-56- 

larva"  the  head  is  of  triangular  form  with  curved  sides  and  rounded 
angles,  broadest  across  the  front. 

In  the  larva  and  imago  there  is  no  trace  of  eyes  or  ocelli,  while 
there  are  two  ocelli  on  each  side  in  the  "  ultimate  larva." 

No  labrum,  whatever,  exists  in  the  larva,  and  but  a  doubtful 
rudiment  in  the  imago,  while  the  "  ultimate  larva"  has  a  rather 
large,  well-developed  labrum. 

The  mandibles  of  the  larva  are  slender,  lancet-like,  while  none 
exist  in  the  imago;  the  "  ultimate  larva"  has  a  bidentate  and  normal- 
looking  mandible,  according  to  the  description  and  figure. 

The  antennae  in  the  larva  are  situated  at  or  slightly  under  the 
hind  angles  of  the  head,  in  the  imago  very  decidedly  in  the  latter 
position,  but  in  the  "  ultimate  larva"  they  become  frontal!' 

Although  I  have  not  seen  Dr.  Riley's  specimen,  I  am  satisfied 
(if  his  larva  is  a  Platypsyllus  at  all)  that  figure  "c,"  p.  28,  repre- 
sents the  underside  of  the  head  and  not  the  front,  the  antennae 
slightly  within  the  hind  angles  by  the  drying  of  the  specimen,  while 
the  somewhat  triangular  area  at  the  centre  of  the  head  is  the  limit 
of  the  buccal  cavity,  as  may  be  inferred  by  an  examination  of  pre- 
viously published  figures.  I  am  equally  certain  that  neither  the  so- 
called  labrum  nor  mandibles  can  be  demonstrated  in  the  position  in 
which  he  represents  them,  in  any  Platypsyllus  larva  in  any  stage. 

It  is  highly  probable  that  Dr.  Riley's  descriptions  were  made 
from  a  dried  specimen  requiring  much  manipulation  for  study,  and 
that  the  real  mouth  parts,  very  soft  at  best,  have  become  shrunken 
beyond  recognition. 

To  me  it  is  incomprehensible  that  an  "  ultimate  larva"  should 
present  such  radical  differences  from  the  larva  from  which  it  has 
deAcloped  and  from  the  imago  toward  which  it  is  developing. 

In  conclusion,  I  will  ask  a  careful  comparison  of  previous  fig- 
ures published  by  Dr.  Riley  and  myself  with  that  of  the  "ultimate 
larva"  as  given  on  p.  28.  That  there  has  been  a  grave  blunder  in  one 
or  the  other  is,  I  think,  indisputable,  and  I  feel  very  willing  to  leave 
the  matter  to  the  inference  of  students  of  insect  morphology. 


The  fearless  and  excellent  young  Lepidopterist,  Mr.  Doherty, 
who  has  been  collecting  for  me  for  the  past  two  years  in  Borneo, 
Malayan  peninsula,  Naga  hills  of  Assam  and  surrounding  countries, 
has  added  fresh  laurels  to  his  fame  by  constantly  making  new  dis- 
coveries. Some  of  the  types  just  described  in  the  Entomological 
Society  of  Bengal  adorn  my  collection.  Many  of  his  highly  inter- 
esting letters  read  like  the  adventures  of  a  Stanley,  and  I  shall  pub- 
lish extracts  from  them  from  time  to  time.  B.  Neumoegen. 


—57  — 
Description  of  the  Larva  of  Thymalus  fulgidus  Er. 

BY   WM.    BEUTENMUELLER. 

Color:  body  above  and  below  sordid  white.  Head  light  brown, 
mandibles  and  cervical  shield  piceous,  as  is  also  the  anal  process. 

Head  subglobose,  shining,  smooth ;  anterior  portion  somewhat 
narrower  than  the  posterior.  Eyes  five  on  each  side,  minute.  Cly- 
petis  transverse,  much  broader  than  long,  sides  somewhat  oblique. 
Labruin  about  one-third  the  size  of  the  clypeus,  anterior  margin 
rounded.  Mandibles  short,  stout,  apex  obtusely  bifid.  Antennce 
very  short,  4-jointed,  first  and  second  joints  thick,  third  joint  shorter, 
last  joint  slender,  more  elongate,  with  a  short  process  at  the  base. 

Maxillce  elongated,  lobe  rounded  at  the  apex,  with  a  few  bristles. 
Maxillary  palpi  3-jointed,  not  extending  beyond  the  lobe,  first  and 
second  joints  same  size,  subglobose,  third  joint  more  slender.  La- 
bium quadrate,  as  broad  as  long.  Labial  palpi  3-jointed,  all  of 
about  equal  width,  subcylindrical,  first  joint  stout,  second  joint  more 
slender,  third  joint  rounded  at  the  apex. 

^<9d/)' elongate,  convex  above,  somewhat  flattened  beneath;  pos- 
terior extremity  with  a  short  fork-life  process  with  a  few  small  tu- 
bercles. Thoracic  feet  short.  The  body,  up  to  about  the  fourth 
segment,  is  of  equal  width,  then  becoming  somewhat  broader,  last 
segment  tapering;  on  the  body  above  are  three  rows  of  depressed 
spots  and  two  rows  beneath. 

Length  about  6  mm.     Width  about  3  mm. 

Pupa  sordid  white,  subfusiform,  body  tapering  to  a  blunt  point 
at  the  posterior  extremity,  which  is  provided  with  two  short  tuber- 
cles. Each  segment  laterally  is  furnished  with  a  short  tubercle,  and 
on  the  body  above  are  three  rows  of  small,  elevated  spots  on  each 
side.  Thorax  smooth,  shining,  anterior  margin  truncate,  with  the 
head  bending  downward.     Antennae,  wing-cases  and  legs  free. 

Length  6  mm.     Width  3  mm. 

Lives  in  numbers  in  a  large  species  of  white  fungus  growing  on 
trunks  of  prostrated  white  birch  trees.  The  eggs  are  deposited  late 
in  fall  and  emerge  the  following  spring.  The  larva  becomes  full 
grown  in  May.  According  to  Chapius  et  Candeze  (Mem.  Soc. 
Liege  viii,  p.  417,  1855)  the  larva  of  Thymalus  limbatus  of  Europe, 
is  found  under  the  bark  of  wild  plum  apparently  living  exclusively 
upon  the  woody  substance. 


-58- 
A  HINT  TO  COLLECTORS. 

The  present  season  promises  to  be  an  early  one,  and  Lepidop- 
terists,  especially,  should  be  on  the  lookout  for  the  early  moths. 
Many  of  our  rarest  species  are  extremely  early  flyers.  The  bom- 
byciform  noduidcc,  like  Feralia  and  its  close  allies,  fly  in  March  and 
April.  Wherever  the  electric  lights  are  conveniently  located  it  will 
pay  to  keep  a  close  watch  on  them. 


In  a  little  book  by  Fritz  Rlihl,  "  Der  Kbderfang  der  Europse- 
ischen  Macrolepidopteren,"  I  notice  a  dodge  that  was  new  to  me, 
and  may  be  to  many  of  our  readers.  He  says  diurnals  may  be  at- 
tracted in  numbers  if,  in  the  vicinity  of  favorite  resorts,  some  twigs 
and  leaves  convenient  for  the  collector,  be  smeared  with  Limburger 
cheese!  The  butterflies  are  very  fond  of  this,  ahd  may  be  easily 
approached  and  taken.  The  method  is  certainly  worthy  of  trial.  The 
early  blossoms  should  not  escape  attention  during  the  evening,  and 
sugaring  will  pay.  Mr.  Riihl  says  that  a  few  drops  of  sulphuric 
ether  to  the  sugaring  mixture  adds  greatly  to  its  effect. 

For  the  easy  recognition  of  sugared  trees  when  making  the 
rounds,  a  piece  of  white  paper  stuck  on  a  twig. is  suggested. 


Mr.  Lugger  writes  us  among  other  things:  "I  shall  collect 
all  the  Lachnosterna  I  can  by  beating,  as  no  electric  lights  are  near 
by,  and  those  in  the  city  are  a  nuisance,  being  over  loo  feet  above 
the  streets.  I  always  thought  that  the  invention  of  electric  lights 
was  simply  and  solely  made  in  the  interest  of  Entomology— not  to 
enlighten  entomologists,  but  to  furnish  him  with  specimens.  Another 
illusion  gone!" 

Poor  Mr.  Lugger,  we  can  understand  his  feelings!  It  has  oc- 
curred to  us,  that  we  have  seen  at  lights  high  in  air,  some  desirable 
moths  circling  round  without  a  chance  to  coax  them  within  reach. 


Mr.  William  Schaus,  Jr.,  the  clever  and  enthusiastic  young  Le- 
pidopterist,  left  London  for  Brazil,  about  three  months  ago,  on  an 
extended  collecting  tour  for  objects  of  natural  history.  As  he  is 
assisted  by  young  Baron  Rothchild,  genius  and  money  will  undoubt- 
edly contribute  to  make  the  interesting  trip  a  perfect  success. 

B.  Neumoegen. 


—59— 
CRESSONIA    HYPERBOLA   n.    var. 

RY  ANNIE   TRUMBULL  SLOSSON. 

I  give  the  above  name  to  a  very  striking  form  of  C.  jiiglandis 
fonnd  by  me  last  Spring  in  Florida.  My  one  specimen  is  a  female, 
much  smaller  than  the  usual  form,  and  even  a  little  smaller  than  any 
male  in  my  collection.  The  coloration  is  very  pale  and  uniform, 
somewhat  like  that  of  Mr.  Strecker's  pallens,  but  with  a  purplish 
tinge.  But  the  distinctive  peculiarity  of  this  form  lies  in  the  course 
which  the  two  median  lines  take.  The  upright  basal  line  is  as  usual, 
except  that  it  is  somewhat  diffuse;  the  next  spoken  of  by  writers  in 
their  descriptions  of y?^;^/a;/rt'/^  as  "at  basal  third  and  more  nearly 
perpendicular  to  costa"  than  the  basal  line,  runs  as  usual  until  just 
below  vein  two  (medio  posterior),  when  it  joins  the  third  line.  This 
third  runs  as  in  the  ordinary  form,  from  outer  third  of  costa,  curving 
obliquely  inward,  but  grows  abruptly  more  oblique  and  meeting  the 
second  line,  the  two  form  a  loop,  which  lies  on  and  below  vein  two. 
The  lower  part  of  the  usual  median  lines  is  entirely  wanting,  as  is 
also  the  dark  shade  between  them,  which,  in  the  ordinary  form, 
makes  a  patch  upon  inner  margin.  The  outer  line  parallel  with 
second  median  is  present  and  distinct;  the  peculiar  loop,  open  to 
costa  and  taking  the  place  of  the  usual  transverse  median  lines,  gives 
the  wing  a  striking  and  unfamiliar  look,  and  suggests  the  varietal 
name  I  give  to  this  form.  The  secondaries  have  but  one  transverse 
line,  the  usual  inner  one  being  absent.  My  specimen  was  taken  at 
light  in  Green  Cove  Springs,  on  the  St.  John's  River,  Florida. 


SPECIAL   NOTE. 


In  accordance  with  custom,  numbers  i,  2  and  3  are  sent  to  all 
our  old  subscribers;  but  no  future  numbers  will  be  sent  without  sub- 
scription first  received.  We  would  respectfully  urge  our  friends  to 
remit  promptly  and  to  try  and  persuade  others  to  subscribe.  The 
greater  the  income  the  better  the  paper;  we  are  not  looking  for  divi- 
dends, but  support,  and  we  really  ought  to  receive  it  at  the  hands  of 
the  entomological  public. 

To  facilitate  matters  we  would  beg  the  attention  of  correspon- 
dents and  exchanges  to  the  notices  on  the  second  page  of  cover. 


— 6o— 

SOCIETY  NEWS. 

Meeting  Jan.  7,  1890. — Twenty-one  persons  presents  Capt.  T.  L.  Casey 
presiding.  Reports  of  the  Treasurer  and  Assistant  Editor  respectively,  for 
the  year  ending  Dec.  31,  1889,  were  read  and  accepted.  Col.  William  C. 
Beecher,  of  123  Columbia  Heights,  a  member  of  the  Institute,  was  elected  a 
member  of  the  Department.  The  election  of  officers  was  postponed  until 
the  first  meeting  in  May,  to  correspond  with  the  other  departments  of  the 
Institute.  The  election  of  editor  or  editors  was  laid  over  until  the  February 
meeting.  Mr.  Roberts  opened  the  scientific  discussion  by  exhibiting  speci- 
mens of  Deronectes  hydroporus  and  Dineutes  and  pointed  out  differences  of 
structure  existing  in  individuals  now  associated  under  one  species  in  each  of 
these  genera,  which  differences  from  their  constancy  seemed  to  indicate  that 
they  in  fact  belonged  to  distinct  species.  Mr.  Hulst  was  appointed  to  read  a 
paper  at  the  next  meeting.  Mrs.  A.  T.  Slosson  presented  to  the  Society  cf 
and  $  specimens  of  Seirarctia  echo,  which  were  accepted  with  thanks. 

Meeting  Feb.  4,  1890. — Thirty-four  persons  present.  Capt.  T.  L.  Casey, 
President,  in  the  chair.  Mr.  Henry  S.  Woodman  explained  a  method  of 
preparation  and  mounting  of  entomological  specimens  for  microscopic  pur- 
poses. Pasteboard  rings  could  be  readily  made  by  using  two  gun-wad  punches 
differing  in  diameter  of  cut,  say  one-eighth  of  an  inch,  the  outer  edge  being 
cut  first.  A  glass  slide  was  then  placed  upon  a  turn-table  and  the  balsam  ap- 
plied in  the  usual  manner,  but  always  slightly  larger  than  the  cut  on  account 
of  the  shrinkage  of  the  balsam  in  drying.  No  solicitation  need  be  felt  on  ac- 
count ot  air  bubbles,  which  in  time  would  disappear.  The  cut  was  laid  in 
position  by  a  pair  of  tweezers  and  then  adjusted  by  a  needle  point  applied  to 
its  inner  edge,  after  which  more  balsam  was  added  until  it  projected  above 
the  cut.  The  object  to  be  examined  was  then  deposited  in  the  balsam  and 
arranged  under  a  lens,  with  the  needle  point,  after  which  a  cover-glass  of 
smaller  diameter  than  that  of  the  cut  was  placed  over  the  balsam,  and  the 
edges  made  to  correspond  by  a  short  spatula-like  steel  blade,  the  cover-glass 
being  then  firmly  pressed  upon  the  cut,  which  completed  the  work.  Prof. 
Smith  added  that  by  boiling  the  balsam  on  the  glass  over  a  flame,  all  air  bub- 
bles were  immediately  expelled,  the  balsam  was  hardened,  and  the  slide 
could  be  used  forthwith. 

Dr.  Zabriskie  presented  a  double-sided  case  devised  by  himself  for  con- 
taining botanical  specimens.  The  two  sides  being  of  equal  size,  joined  by  a 
hinge  at  the  back.  Two  rows  of  cards  of  three  each,  upon  which  the  speci- 
mens were  glued,  exactly  filled  each  side,  the  upper  edges  of  the  upper  row 
and  the  lower  edges  of  the  lower  row  being  inserted  in  a  groove  running  along 
the  top  and  bottom  of  the  cases,  while  the  edges  of  the  cards  where  they 
came  in  contact  in  the  middle  were  prevented  from  displacement  by  a  retaining 
bar,  consisting  of  a  flat  narrow  strip  of  wood,  one  end  of  which  could  be  fitted 
in  a  cavity,  in  the  side  of  the  case,  and  the  other  fastened  by  passing  over  a 
small  spring.  The  bar  could  be  released  by  pressing  back  the  spring,  and 
cards  rearranged  if  desired. 

The  cases  contained  twelve  specimens  of  portions  of  the  stems  and  leaves 
of  Rosa  Carolina  and  litcida,  affected  by  several  species  of  Cynipidae  and  ex- 
hibiting nearly  all  the  effects  produced  by  the  several  species  of  these  insects 
upon  the  wild  rose  in  this  locality. 

Mr.  Meeske  presented  to  the  cabinet  a  cocoon  and  pupa  of  Samia  cynthia 
filled  with  partially  developed  ichneumons,  and  a  number  of  specimens  of 
the  perfect  ichneumon.    '  A.  C.  Weeks, 


AmerigAna 


VOL.  YI. 


BROOKLYN,  APRIL  1890. 


N( 


NEW  BEAUTIES   FROM   NEAR  AND   FAR. 

BY    B.    NEUMOEGEN. 

Parnasshis  sDiintheus,  \ar.  nanus. — Prominent  entomologists 
of  both  hemispheres  arrived  at  the  conchision  years  ago,  that  the 
P.  intermedius  Men.  and  the  P.  sniinthcus  Doubl.-Hew.  of  this 
country  are  one  and  the  same  insect.  Typical  specimens  from 
western  Siberia,  which  I  possess,  do  not  leave  the  least  doubt  as  to 
this  fact.  The  Parnassidae  of  eastern  Siberia,  Ochotsk,  Kamts- 
chatka,  migrated  centuries  ago  across  Behring  Straits,  settling  from 
Alaska  down  the  Rocky  Mountain  range  as  far  as  the  borders  of 
New  Mexico. 

P.  eversmanni,  which  was  first  discovered  at  Kanska  and 
Ochotsk,  was  obtained  in  moderate  numbers  at  Nicolajewsk  in  the 
last  few  years,  and  is  the  same  insect  as  the  one  found  in  Alaska, 
especially  in  the  Yukon  country.  Even  its  female  variations,  named 
P.  wosnesenskii  by  Menetries,  and  P.  thor  by  Hy.  Edwards  respec- 
ti\ely,  are  synonyms,  thus  substantiating  the  migration  theory.  As 
the  northern  and  southern  climate  of  our  "  Rockies"  vary  consider- 
ably, some  variations  of  P.  smi)ithetis  have  developed,  but  they  re- 
main true  to  our  country,  and  deserve  proper  denomination. 

One  of  the  prettiest  variations  in  its  way,  which  was  found  by 
Capt.  Geddes,  near  Fort  Calgarry,  some  years  ago,  and  lately  by 
the  botanists  of  Dr.  Dieck,  the  owner  of  the  renowned  Arboretum 
at  Zoeschen,  Germany,  at  Spence's  Bridge,  both  places  being  in 
British  Columbia,  I  have  named  var.  nanus.  It  is  the  smallest  kind 
of  sndntheiis  found  in  America  and  exceedingly  pretty. 

It  is  of  the  sedakovii  order,  but  more  pronounced.      In  the  % 
not  a  vestige  of  red  is  left,  either  on  primaries  or  secondaries.      The 


Entomologica  Ameriacna.    Vol.  VI.     5 


April,  18 


—62— 

apex  of'jDrimaries  and  the  greater  part  of  the  exterior  margni  are  of 
vitreous  scales.  The  only  markings  on  secondaries  being  the  black 
basal  margin  fading  out  towards  median  cell,  and  a  prominent  discal 
spot. 

The  females  are  of  the  hennodnr  order — dark,  the  entire  apical 
and  outer  marginal  part  being  transparent  on  primaries;  the  two  sub- 
costal red  spots  always  looking  faded.  No  other  red  markings  on 
jDrimaries.  Secondaries  are  equally  dark  and  vitreous  along  exterior 
margin;  the  red  ocelli  marked  with  whitish  centres  and  all  the  black 
delineations  prominent.  Expanse  of  wings:  S  ,  i3<^  inch.;  9,  i/8 
inch. 

Our  present  nomenclature  of  P.  sinintheus  stands  as  follows: 

Parn.  smintheus  Doubl.-Hew. 
iiitcnnedius  M^n. 
Var.  behrii  Edw.,  Nevada,  Utah. 
Var.  sedakovii  Men. ,  Colorado. 
Var.  hermodur  Hy.  Edw.,  Colorado. 
Var.  7iatiHS  Neumoegen,  British  Columbia  and  Montana. 

I  do  not  understand  why  the  var.  sedakovii,  where  there  are  no 
red  markings  in  primaries  and  at  times  some  in  a  universal  way  only 
in  secondaries,  has  never  been  mentioned  in  any  of  our  catalogues. 
It  is  to  be  found  in  the  canyons  of  middle  and  south  Colorado,  and 
occasionally  in  Montana  and  British  Columbia. 

Arctia  dieckii  nov .  spec. 

Head,  palpi  and  orbit  of  eyes  black;  black  vertex  between  the  antennae, 
which  are  bi-serrate  and  entirely  black.  Thorax  yellowish  white,  with  two 
prothoracic  dots  and  three  large  thoracic  maculations  of  black  color.  Palpi 
hairy;  abdomen  and  legs  black.  Primaries  black;  costa  has  a  yellowish 
white  edge  from  base  to  about  ape.x ;  inner  margin  narrowly  edged  with  yel- 
lowish white  from  base  to  over  half  its  extension.  Fringes  alternately  yel- 
lowish white  and  black.  Markings  of  yellowish  white  as  follows:  the  usual 
horizontal  broad  line  from  base  to  within  outer  margin;  two  transverse  lines 
divergent  on  costa,  but  nearing  each  other,  the  anterior  line  resting  on  hori- 
zontal streak;  between  the  anterior  transverse  line  and  outer  margin  the  usual 
zigzag  line  from  costa  to  horizontal  streak,  forming  the  two  irregular,  trian- 
gular fields;  two  irregular  small  spots,  costal  and  subcostal  respectively,  be- 
tween base  and  interior  line.  Secondaries  and  fringes  entirely  black,  with  the 
following  markings  of  yellowish  white  color;  around  disc  irregular,  small 
blotches  enclosing  it  in  semicircular  shape  and  extending  somewhat  towards 
exterior  margin;  an  irregular  submedian  spot.  Beneath  the  markings  are  the 
same.  On  secondaries  there  is  another  irregular  blotcli  of  yellowish  white 
between  base  and  discal  ornamentation.  Expanse  of  wings  1%  inch.  Length 
of  body  y^  inch. 

Habitat. — Spence's  Bridge,  British  Columbia. 

Type  coll.  B.  Neumoegen. 


-63- 

This  insect  belongs  to  the  deteruunata  group,  from  which  it  is 
easily  distingui  died  by  its  black  body  and  antennae,  its  intense  black 
color  of  wings  and  its  larger  size. 

Collected  by  the  botanists  of  Dr.  Dieck,  of  Zoeschen,  Germany, 
in  whose  honor  I  ha\e  named  it. 

Spningicampa  bisecta  \  ar.  ncbulosa  n  var. 

My  indefatigable  collaborator,  Mr.  Doll,  has  raised  this  charm- 
ing insect.  It  is  a  9  of  large  size,  and  is  heavily  powdered  with 
grains  of  blackish  brown  color. 

On  primaries  the  diagonal  line  from  apex  to  the  basal  centre  of 
interior  margin  is  very  prominent,  forming  a  conspicuous  line  of 
blackish  brown,  the  space  between  this  line  and  exterior  margin 
being  especially  powdered,  somewhat  fading  towards  margin.  Discal 
spot  prominent  and  suffused  with  grains  of  blackish  brown.  Sec- 
ondaries of  a  rich  yellow  with  a  beautiful  roseate  basal  hue  fading 
towards  centre. 

Type  coll.  B.  Neumoegen. 

Horama  jalapensis  n.  sp. 

Head  black;  palpi  creamy  white;  orbit  of  eyes  black.  Antennce  black, 
with  whitish  tips;  a  vertical  spot  of  creamy  white  between  anteiinte.  Patagiai 
and  thorax  scaled  with  creamy  white  spots.  Abdomen  black,  with  segments 
of  creamy  white,  the  segment  near  thorax  being  broken  up  in  creamy  white 
spots.  Legs  heavily  tufted,  as  in  H.  texana.  The  tuft  of  black  color  with 
stem  and  tips  of  creamy  white  hair.  Primaries  and  secondaries,  and  fringes 
of  uniform  grayish  black  color  above  and  below.  By  these  peculiarities  this 
insect  is  easily  distinguished  from  Horama  texana.  Expanse  of  primaries 
I  '<  inch.     Length  of  body  y%  inch. 

Habitat. — Jalapa,  Mexico.     Collected  by  Mr.  Wm.  Schaus,  Jr. 
Type  coll.  B.  Neumoegen. 

SYNTOMID^. 
Genus  IRA  Neumoegen. 
Wings  of  the  peculiar  shape  of  Syiitoiiiis,  but  not  \'itreous. 
Secondaries  extremely  narrow,  ox'ate-lanceolate,  about  one-third  the 
size  of  primaries.  From  base  to  apex  of  secondaries,  traversing 
submedian  nerves,  a  semi-vitreous,  very  distinct  fold.  Head  rather 
small,  free.  Ryes  prominent;  palpi  distinct,  with  acute  terminal 
joint.  Antennae  biserrate.  Body  slender,  not  quite  the  size  of 
primaries.      Legs  slender,  without  tibial  spurs. 

•The  characteristic  of  this  genus  is  its  intense  rose  color  of  wings, 
thorax  and  body,  the  anal  half  of  latter  being  dark  black,  much 
resembling  some  South  American  Zygcenids  in  its  ornamentation. 
It  is  a  native  of  Cuba  and  very  rare,  as  Dr.  J.  Gundlach  has  only 
found  this  one  insect  in  his  forty  years'  researches. 


-64- 

Ira  gundlachiana  n.  sp. 

Head  and  orbit  of  eyes  black;  palpi  white;  a  white  vertical  spot  between 
antennce,  which  are  moderate,  bi-serrate  and  of  brown  color.  Thorax  and 
patagise  of  rose  color,  with  indications  of  black  centre  line,  tipped  in  white. 
Abdomen  above,  thoracical  half  of  beautiful  rose  color,  anal  half  black,  with 
slight  rose  colored  tuft;  below,  entirely  white,  with  black  segments.  Legs 
white,  with  black  spots,  especially  discernible  in  posterior  tibiae.  Primaries 
nearly  three  times  as  large  as  secondaries,  of  the  most  beautiful,  intense  rose 
color.  Costa,  anterior  and  half  of  inner  margin  narrowly  edged  with  black; 
between  costa  and  exterior  margin  a  large,  apical,  triangular  field,  with  two 
distinct,  white,  centre  spots;  an  irregular,  nearly  reniform-shaped  bulge  on 
lesser  half  of  exterior  margin,  resting  with  its  point  on  apex  of  inner  margin, 
with  a  white  centre  spot.  The  nerves  of  anterior  edge  of  median  disc  tinged 
in  black  and  resting  on  them  a  small,  irregular,  black  discal  spot.  Seconda- 
ries of  the  same  rose  color,  irregularly  triangular  shaped,  and  more  drawn 
out  towards  apex;  about  one-third  the  size  of  primaries,  margined  with  black 
and  containing  irregular,  small,  white,  centre  spots  on  anal  margin.  From 
base  to  apex  a  straight,  semi-transparent  fold  or  groove  through  wing,  divid- 
ing it,  as  it  were,  in  two  fields;  upper  edge  of  fold  slightly  tinged  with  a  black 
line,  which  becorhes  more  prominent  and  irregular  at  conjunction  with  apical 
margin;  centre  line  of  this  so-called  groove  of  whitish  tinge;  beneath  the 
same  markings  as  above.  Expanse  of  primaries  1%  inch.  Expanse  of  sec- 
ondaries ^  inch.     Length  of  body  l{  inch. 

Habitat. — Plantation  Jagey,  southeast  Cuba. 

This  gorgeous  Syntomid,  resembling  the  Zygaenid  genus  Metro- 
phila  of  South  America,  was  discovered  by  Dr.  J.  Gundlach  about 
three  years  ago.  He  has  graciously  left  to  me  the  task  of  describing 
it,  and  I  thought  it  only  a  small  token  of  my  gratitude  towards  a 
life-long  tutor  and  friend,  to  call  it  after  him. 


Paris,  Feb.  p,  i8go. 

Dear  Sir: — Having  had  an  opportunity  of  examining  an  orig- 
inal type  of  Zeller's  Pempelia  petrella,  Isis  1846,  p.  771,  and  1848, 
p.  886;  V.  z.-b.  Ges.  1872,  p.  545  (99),  I  find  it  is  the  same  species 
described  by  Walker  under  the  name  of  Trachonitis  erectalis,  so  that 
this  latter  name  must  give  way  to  Zeller's. 

To  the  Catalogue  of  N.  A.  Species  I  add  Myelois  grossipunctella 
Rag.,  a  very  interesting  species  submitted  to  me  by  Mr.  C.  V.  Riley, 
who  informed  me  that  the  larva  has  been  detected  in  California  living 
predaceously  on  the  ' '  fluted  scale, "  or  "  cottony  cushion-scale' ' 
(  Icerya  piirchasi),  adding  that  it  has  probably  been  introduced  from 
Australia.  I  describeci  the  species  from  a  specimen  in  Guenee's 
collection  which  bore  no  indication  of  origin. 

Yours  truly, 

E.   Ragonot. 


-65- 
SYNOPSES  OF  CERAMBYCIDiE. 

BY  CHARLES  W.   LENG,   B.   S. 

(Continued  from  p.  13,  vol.  vi.) 

LEPTURINI. 

This  tribe  contains  a  great  number  of  species  which  occur  on 
flowers,  and  are  usually  prettily  colored  and  clothed  with  fine  pu- 
bescence. The  charcters  in  which  they  agree  are  those  of  the  fourth 
division  of  Cerambycinae,  stated  in  our  last  paper  and  the  following: 
palpi  always  unequal,  the  maxillary  elongated;  mandibles  flat,  acute, 
and  fringed  on  the  inner  margin;  legs  slender  and  never  very  short. 
Three  divisions  may  be  first  made. 

First  joint  of  hind  tarsi  with  the  usual  brush  of  hair  beneath  (except  in  cer- 
tain Acmjeops);  prothorax  usually  armed,  or  tuberculate  at  sides. 
Prosternum  prominent  between  the  coxae;  antennas  short,  thickened  ex- 
ternally     Rhagium. 

Prosternum  not  prominent,  front  coxse  conical,  protuberant;  head  not  sud- 
denly constricted  behind;  antennae  slender Toxoti. 

First  joint  of  hind  tarsi  without  brush-like  sole;  prosternum  not  prominent; 
head  strongly  and  suddenly  constricted  behind;  eyes  finely  granu- 
lated, deeply  emarginate;  antennje  slender Lepturae. 

RHAGIUM  Fabricius. 
R.  lineatus  Oliv.,  Ent.  iv,  69,  p.  13,  t.  3,  fig.  22;  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p. 
58;  Harris,  Ins.  Mass.,  p.  93,  etc. 
Length  13 — 20  mm.  ^  .54 — .80  inch.     Habitat. — Sitka;  N.  Y.,  Va.,  N.  C, 
Mass.,  Mich.,  Me.,  Md.,  La.,  Pa.,  Lake  Sup.,  N.  Mex.,  Or.,  Vane, 
Idaho,  Can.,  Ft.  Simpson,  Mackenzie  River. 

An  abundant  and  peculiar  species.  The  antennae  are  not  as  long- 
as  head  and  thorax  together,  and  the  fifth  and  following  joints  are 
decidedly  stouter.  The  thorax  is  strongly  and  acutely  armed  at  the 
sides  and  bears  a  discoidal  smooth  space.  The  elytra  bear  three 
smooth,  strongly  elevated  costae.  Color  black,  or  partly  brown, 
mottled  with  lighter  pubescence. 

TOXOTI. 

Eyes  large,  coarsely  granulated;  spurs  terminal Centrodera. 

Eyes  smaller,  coarsely  granulated;  spurs  terminal Xylosteus. 

Eyes  variable;  tibial  spurs  not  terminal Toxotus. 

Eyes  finely  granulated;  tibial  spurs  terminal. 
Prothorax  acutely  armed  on  the  sides. 

Eyes  moderate,  feebly  emarginate Pachyta. 

Eyes  large,  strongly  emarginate  .     : Anthophylax. 

Eyes  very  small,  entire Piodes. 

Prothorax  obtusely  angulated,  or  rounded  on  the  sides;  eyes  small,  entire. 

Mesosternum  not  protuberant Acmseops. 

Mesosternum  protuberant Gaurotes. 


—66— 

The  above  arrangement  of  genera  is  copied  from  the  "  Classifi- 
cation." 

CENTRODERA  LeConte. 
Prothoracic  tubercle  acute. 

Elytra  unicolorous,  truncate  at  tip decolorata.  ■ 

Elytra  irregularly  vittate  and  blotched;  rounded,  and  slightly  dehiscent  at 

tip picta. 

Prothoracic  tubercle  obtuse 

Elytra]  pubescence  arranged  in  lines SUblineata. 

Elytra  uniformly  pubescent nevadica. 

C.  decolorata  Harris,  Injur.  Ins.   1841,  p.  93;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i  p.  325; 
riibida,  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  58;  Proc.  Ac.  Phil,  iv,  p.  373. 
Length  27>4  mm.  =  1. 10  inch.     Habitat.—^.  Y.,  Mich.,  Can.,  Mass. 

Eyes  very  prominent;  antenntt  about  as  long  as  the  body;  pro- 
thorax  constricted  and  much  narrower  before  the  tubercle  than  be- 
hind, channelled  longitudinally  on  the  disc;  elytra  at  base  nearly 
twice  as  wide  as  thorax,  slightly  narrower  posteriorly,  coarsely  punc- 
tured, confluently  near  base  and  more  finely  towards  tip.  The  insect 
is  entirely  rufotestaceous,  very  sparsely  pubescent. 

C.  picta  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  1847,  p.  58. 

Length  13  mm.  ^  .52  inch.     Habitat. — N.  Y.,  Pa.,  S.  C. 

Easily  known  by  the  smaller  size  and  elytral  coloring,  which  is 
not  caused  by  pubescence,  but  lies  in  the  elytra.  The  antennae  are 
extremely  slender,  the  thorax  elongate,  scarcely  narrower  in  front 
than  behind,  and  the  elytra  are  decidedly  narrowed  towards  tip  and 
slightly  sinuate  behind  the  humeri.  The  pubescence  is  nearly  as 
sparse  as  in  the  preceding. 

C.  SUblineata  Lee,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil.,  1862,  p.  40. 
Length  14  mm.  ^  .56  inch.     Habitat. — N.  C,  Pa. 

The  pubescence  is  more  abundant,  and  so  arranged  on  the  elytra, 
which  are  very  faintly  costate,  as  to  give  the  appearance  of  lines. 
Prothorax  with  tubercle  not  prominent,  somewhat  obtuse,  narrower 
in  front  and  bearing  a  sharply-defined,  median  channel.  Antennae 
longer  than  the  body  S  ,  less  slender  than  in  preceding.  Color  dark 
piceous. 

C.  nevadica  Lee,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  205. 
Length  17  mm.  =  .68  inch.     Habitat. — Nev. 

' '  By  the  obtuse  tubercles  of  the  prothorax  this  species  resem- 
bles C.  sublhieata,  but  the  punctuation  is  finer,  the  prothorax  is 
scarcely  narrower  at  tip  than  at  base,  and  there  is  no  appearance  of 
lines  on  the  elytra."  (Lee.)     Color,  fusco-testaceous. 


-67- 

XYLOSTEUS  Frivald. 

X.  ornatiis  Lee,  S.  M.  C.,No.  264,  p.  205. 

Length  14  mm.  =  .56  inch.     Habitat. — Oregon. 

Black,  head  and  thorax  densely,  elytra  more  strongly  punctured, 
each  with  two  yellow  marginal  spots.  The  antennae  are  about  three- 
fourths  the  length  of  the  body  (  9  ).  The  elytral  spots  are  trans- 
verse and  directed  towards  each  other  in  a  diagonal  direction,  and 
extend  nearly  one-half  the  breadth  of  the  elytra.  The  genus  is 
hardly  distinct  from  Centrodera. 

TOXOTUS  SeaviUe. 
This  genus  is  sharply  defined  by  the  spurs  of  the  hind  tibice, 
which  are  inserted  at  the  base  of  a  deep  excavation  instead  of  (as 
usual)  at  the  extreme  encL  The  species  are  quite  similar  in  torm, 
and  all  of  considerable  size.  The  thorax  is  constricted  before  and 
behind,  and  tuberculate  at  the  sides;  the  tubercle  varies  from  a  large 
acute  process  in  Schaianii,  to  an  obtusely  rounded,  scarcely  e\ident 
form  in  ohtusus.  The  elytra  are  sinuate  at  anterior  third  (not  strongly 
in  cinnaDwpterus),  and  are  usually  obliquely  truncate  at  tip.  The 
differences  between  the  sexes  are  often  quite  marked,  besides  the 
greater  length  of  the  antennae  in  %  .  In  Schawnii  the  9  is  very 
much  larger,  and  in  vittiger,  virgatus,  vestitiis  and  obtusus,  the  ab- 
domen is  ferruginous  in  %>  ,  and  wholly  or  partly  dusky  in  9  .  The 
species  may  be  separated  by  the  following  table,  which  has  been 
corrected  by  Dr.  Horn: 

Synoptic   Table  of  Toxotus. 

Elytra  at  apex  obliquely  truncate. 
Third  joint  of  antennae  very  decidedly  longer  than  fourth. 

Elytra  unicolorous,  black;  body  either  yellow,  or  black;  legs  bicolored. 

Schaumii. 
Elytra  rufo-testaceous,  often  varying  to  black;  legs  unicolored. 
Eyes  larger  and  more  coarsely  granulated;  elytra  not  at  all  costate. 

cinnamopterus. 
Eyes  smaller  and  less  coarsely  granulated;  elytra  vaguely  costate. 

vestitus. 
Elytra  bicolored,  vittate. 

Black,  with  basal,  lateral  and  apical  margins  broadly  rufo-testaceous; 

legs  pale nuMer. 

Black,  with  marginal  and  discal  vittse  yellow. 
Discal  vitta  not  reaching  apex;  species  of  larger  size  and  robust  fades. 

flavolineatu?. 

Discal  vitta  entire;  species  smaller  and  of  slender  facies  .  trivittatus. 

Rufo-testaceous,  with  sutural  and  discal  black  lines  enclosing  broad, 

golden,  pubescent  vitta virgatus. 


Third  joint  of  antennae  very  little  longer  than  fourth;  elytra  unicolorous, 
black,  varying  to  rufotestaceous ;  apex  obliquely  emarginate  and 

subbidentate cylindricoUis. 

Elytra  at  apex  obtusely  rounded;  disc  not  costate  and  scarcely  pubescent. 

obtnsus. 
T.  Schaumii  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  1S50,  p.  320;  Proc.  Ac.  Phil.  1862,  p.  41- 

Length  19  mm.  =  .76  inch.  cP;  25  mm.  =  i.oo  inch.  $.  Habiiat.—0\\io, 
111.,  Vt.,  Can. 
Entirely  black,  finely  pubescent,  except  the  central  part  of 
femora  yellow.  The  elytra  finely  costate,  and  the  black  color  shad- 
ing into  blue  fi-om  the  dense  pubescence;  \diV.  croceus.  Differs  % 
and  9  in  the  color  of  the  body,  which  is  yellow,  except  the  tibiae, 
tarsi  and  antennae,  from  second  joint  outwards,  which  are  black  as 
usual.  I  have  this  form  from  Vermont  (Mr.  Roberts)  and  northern 
Illinois,  where  Mr.  George  P.  Welles  has  taken  it  abundantly  with 
the  black  Schatwiii.  Dr.  LeConte  mentions  (Proc.  Ac.  Phil.  1862) 
that  the  male  is  frequently  yellow,  but  the  yellow  female  appears  to 
have  been  unknown  to  him. 

T.  cinnamopterus  Rand.,  Bost.  Jour.  II,  1838,  p.  45;  a;scunw?\6..,  Trans.  Am. 
Phil.  1847,  ^>  P-  59- 
Length  10—13  mm.  =  .40— .50  inch.     Hab.—^.  C,  111..  Mass.,  Pa. 

Uniform  pale  fulvous  in  color,  thorax  darker,  eyes  large  and 
black.  Elytra  silky  pubescent.  The  %  is  smaller,  and  the  antennae 
are  slightly  longer  than  in  9  . 

T.  vestitus  Hald.,  1.  c. 

Length  10—15  mm.  =  .40^— .60  inch.     Hab.—Ore^.,  Cal.,  Vane. 

This  species  varies  considerably  in  color,  being  rufo-testaceous, 
with  legs  of  the  same  color,  or  with  the  legs  darker;  or  it  may  be 
entirely  black.  The  legs  appear  to  be  always  black  in  black  speci- 
mens, and  the  head  and  prothorax  are  usually  black.  The  elytra 
are  vaguely  costate,  and  the  pubescence,  especially  between  the 
cost^e,  is  arranged  transversely. 

Var.  ater:  I  suggest  the  use  of  this  name  to  distinguish  the  form, 
which  is  entirely  black. 
T.  nubifer  Lee,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil.  1859,  p.  80. 

Length  17.5  mm.  =  .70  inch.     Hub. — Tejon,  Cal. 

This  species  I  have  not  seen,  and  am  indebted  to  Dr.  Horn  and  to 
Dr..  LeConte' s  description  for  the  characters  used  in  the  table.  The 
original  description  is:  "  Head  black,  punctate;  thorax  black,  finely 
punctate,  constricted  before  and  behind  with  a  large,  obtuse,  lateral 
tubercle;  elytra  with  prominent  humeri,  gradually  narrowed  behind; 
apex  obliquely  truncate  inward;  densely,  but  finely  punctate  and 
rugose,  blackish,  with  basal,  lateral  and  apical  margin  rufo-piceous; 
beneath  black;  abdomen,  antennae,  palpi  and  legs  rufo-piceous." 


-69- 

T.  flavolineatus  Lee,  Proc.  Ac  Phil.  1854,  p.  iS;  Ent.  Rep.  1857,  p.  63. 
Length  25  mm.  =  i.oo  inch.     Hab. — Cal. 

This  species  should  be  easily  recognized  by  the  size  and  char- 
acters of  the  table.  The  discal  vitta  {fide  Lee. )  is  abbreviated  in 
front. 

T.  trivittatus  Say,  J.  A.  P.  Ill,  p.  422,  1823;  Bland,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  I,  1862,  p. 

270;  vittiger  Rand.,  1838,  1.  c.  p.  29;  nigripes  Hald.,  1.  c. 
Length  15—17  mm.  =  .60— .68  inch.    Hab.— Can.,  Me.,  N.  Y.,  Pa.,  N.  111., 

Miss. 
This  species  has  been  known  in  collections  generally  under 
Randall's  name  vittiger,  but  Say's  date  is  tifteen  years  earlier.  The 
differences  between  the  two  have  been  summarized  by  Randall  and 
Bland  as  follows:  vittiger,  ground  color  black,  third  joint  of  an- 
tennae longer  than  fifth;  trivittatus,  ground  color  reddish  yellow, 
third  joint  of  antennae  about  equal  to  fifth.  Both  characters  are 
found  to  vary  in  other  species,  ^\\d  fide  Dr.  Horn  there  is  only  one 
species. 

T.  virgatus  Lee,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  v,  p.  67. 

Length  .16  mm.  =  .64  inch.     Hab.— Moni.,  Or.,  \'anc.,  British  Columbia. 

This  species  resembles  vestitus  in  the  arrangement  of  the  elytral 
pubescence,  but  differs  by  the  black  discal  lines,  between  which  the 
pubescence  is  very  abundant  and  often  golden  in  color,  making  it  a 
very  pretty  insect.  The  discoidal  vitta  is  narrower  than  in  vittiger, 
and  does  not  descend  to  the  inflexed  portion. 

T.  cylindricollis  Say,  J.  A.  P.  Ill,  1823,  p.  417;  atratus  Hald.,  1.  c;  dentipen- 
nis  Hald.,  1.  c;  Dej.,  Cat.  3  ed.,  p.  380;  dives  Newn.,  Ent.  p.  68; 
sericeus  Knoch.,  in  litt. 
Length  22  mm.  =  .88  inch.     Hab.—??,.,  Ga.,  N.  Y.,  111.,  Can.,  111.,  Ala., 
Miss. 
Rufous,  elytra  and  tarsi  darker.     The  tips  of  the  elytra  are  ob- 
liquely truncate,  and  the  angles  produced,  subbidentate. 

T.  obtllSUS  Lee,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  1873,  P-  206. 

Length  15  mm.  =  .60  inch.     Hab. — Yellowstone  Basin. 

Dr.  LeConte's  description  says  "  differs  from  all  the  other  species 
before  me  by  the  less  deeply  constricted  prothorax  and  more  ob- 
tusely rounded  lateral  tubercles;  the  eyes  are  smaller  than  usual  and 
finely  granulated,  but  more  con\'ex  than  in  vestitus,  with  which  it 
agrees  in  this  character;  the  third  and  fifth  joints  of  the  antenme  are 
equal,  and  the  fourth  joint  is  two-thirds  as  long.  The  pubescence 
is  extremely  short  and  fine." 

(To  be  continued.) 


A  Melanic  Argynnis  Bellona. 

BY   P.    J.    SCHMITT. 

A  Strongly-marked,  melanic  Argynnis  belloiia  was  captured  here 
during'  the  last  collecting  season,  and  a  description  of  it  is  herewith 
given. 

It  differs  from  the  normal  form  in  these  particulars  :  The  basal 
two-thirds  of  fore  wings,  upper  and  lower  side,  and  upper  side  of 
hind  wings  are  black.  There  are  a  few  scattered,  fulvous  scales  at 
the  base  of  fore  wings;  on  lower  side  they  are  slightly  more  numer- 
ous. The  outer  third  is  fulvous,  but  on  the  fore  wings  this  is  much 
sooted  with  black  scales,  especially  towards  the  apex.  The  terminal 
are  confluent  with  the  subterminal  spots,  forming  a  row  of  five,  ob- 
long marks.  The  veinlets  terminate  in  oval,  black  blotches.  On 
the  under  side  of  the  fore  wings  the  fulvous  outer  third  is  very 
strongly  tinged  with  rusty  brown,  and  the  oval,  terminal  spots  of 
above  are  indistinct.  On  the  hind  wings  the  black  of  basal  two- 
thirds  extends  also  narrowly  along  the  veinlets  to  the  outer  margin; 
a  very  distinctive  feature.  The  terminal  lunules  are  wanting,  and 
the  subterminal  spots  diffuse.  In  the  black  a  very  slender  streak  of 
fulvous  scales  indicates  the  position  of  the  small  vein  closing  the 
cell.  The  lower  side  of  the  hind  wings  has  no  black,  but  differs 
from  the  normal  form  by  the  absence  of  the  usual  bands,  markings, 
or  spots.     Taken  Sept.  ii,  1889. 

St.  Vincent  College,  Pa. 


Note  on  the  season  oi  Pleoconia  behrensii  Lee. — Upon  the  19th, 
20th  and  22d  of  October,  last,  and  while  the  second  period  of  heavy 
rain  was  at  its  height,  I  went  forth  in  search  of  Pleocoma,  and  on 
each  of  the  above  dates  I  was  successful.  I  continued  the  search  up 
to  the  27th  of  the  same  month,  when  I  relinquished  the  pursuit,  not 
having  met  with  a  Pleocoma  after  the  above-named  dates.  To-day, 
the  19th  of  February,  just  four  months  after  the  first  capture  of  the 
season,  a  perfect,  living  9  was  brought  to  me,  it  having  been  dug 
out  of  a  bank  of  black  adobe. — J.  J.  Rivers,  University  of  Calif 

Herr  Johann  Fruhstorfer,  a  young  German  naturalist  of  Berlin, 
has  spent  considerable  time  in  collecting  during  the  past  year  in 
Ceylon.  He  was  assisted  by  fourteen  other  collectors,  Germans 
and  natives,  and  has  succeeded  in  amassing  a  collection  of  insects 
which  he  estimates  as  containing  25,000  Coleoptera,  7000  Lepid- 
optera,  3000  Orthoptera,  a  like  number  of  Neuroptera,  and  a  thou- 
sand of  spiders  and  centipedes.  He  has  also  collected  in  Brazil  and 
Malacca,  and  in  May  expects  to  visit  Java  and  Borneo.  Many  speci- 
mens of  his  collecting  will  doubtless  find  a  repository  in  German 
museums.  F.  H.  C. 


DESCRIPTION  OF  A  NEW  CYCHRUS. 

BY    J.    J.    RIVERS. 

C.  fuchsianus  Rivers.— Form  and  general  aspect  of  a  large  ventricosiis. 
Piceous  black,  moderately  shining.  Head  moderately  elongate,  more  or  less 
transversely  wrinkled,  a  slight  impression  at  middle  of  clypeal  margin,  lateral 
ridge  of  gence  rather  deeply  notched.  Thorax  cordate,  or  little  wider  than 
long,  deeply  sinuate  posteriorly,  hind  angles  rectangular,  median  line  distincty 
impressed,  apical  impression  moderate,  basal  transverse  impression  deep, 
longitudinal  impressions  feeble,  surface  finely  transversely  wrinkled.  Elytra 
oval,  more  broadly  in  the  female,  striate,  striae  closely  punctured,  the  alter- 
nate intervals  wider  and  with  punctures  as  coarse  as  the  strice,  intermediate 
intervals  impunctate,  inflexed  portion  o^  elytra  rather  coarsely,  not  deeply 
punctured.  Body  beneath  smooth,  shining.  Length  .85— i.oo  inch.  ;  21.5 — 
25  inch. 

The  male  has  the  first  three  joints  of  the  anterior  tarsi  papillose 
beneath  as  usual  in  the  ventricosus  group. 

Closely  related  to  ventricosus.  but  differs  in  the  elytral  sculpture. 
The  intervals  in  the  latter  species  are  equal  and  smooth ;  in  this  new 
species  are  alternately  wider,  and  the  wide  intervals  are  alone  punc- 
tate. At  the  sides  the  striae  are  so  confused  in  the  present  species 
as  to  render  it  impossible  to  count  those  on  the  outer  third,  while  in 
ventricosus  the  strife  may  be  easily  enumerated. 

For  some  years  I  have  had  the  9  of  this  insect  in  my- collec- 
tion as  an  undescribed  species,  but  thought  it  allied  to  striatopunc- 
tatus  by  the  alternating  of  the  punctured  intervals,  but  Mr.  Charles 
Fuchs  having  recently  received  three  examples  from  Sonoma  County, 
two  of  which  are  males,  I  have  been  enabled  to  find  its  true  position. 
With  the  aid  of  Horn's*  "Synopsis  of  the  species  of  Cychrus  in- 
habiting Boreal  America,"  it  is  evident,  by  the  three  papillose  tarsal 
joints  that  it  belongs  to  the  subgenus  Brennus  of  Mots. ,  and  should 
be  placed  next  after  C.  ventricosus  Dej.,  as  the  two  forms  have  many 
characters  in  common. 

Occurs  in  Eldorado  and  Sonoma  Counties,  Cal. 


The  above  description  having  been  sent  me  by  Mr.  Rivers  for 
publication,  I  avail  myself  of  the  opportunity  to  make  known  a 
second  species.  Geo.  H.  Horn,  M.  D. 

C.  merkelii  Horn. — Form  and  general  appearance  oi  caiiadetisis,  piceous- 
black  shining,  elytra  with  distinct  cupreo-violaceous  lustre.  Head  and  thorax 
smooth,  the  latter  cordate,  a  little  broader  than  long,  sides  arcuate  in  front, 
oblique  posteriorly,  hind  angles  very  obtuse,  disc  slightly  convex,  apical  trans- 
verse impression  faint,  median  line  deeply  impressed  between  the  apical  and 

*  Trans.  Anier.  Ent.  Soc.  \'II,  Dec&mber,  187S. 


—72— 

transverse  basal  line,  the  latter  faint,  lon,a:itudinal  impressions  of  the  angles 
short  and  shallow.  Elytra  oval,  one-fourth  longer  than  wide,  disc  slightly 
flattened,  deeply  striate,  punctuation  indistinct,  not  crenate,  intervals  convex, 
smooth.  Body  beneath  piceous-black,  smooth,  shining.  Length  .43  inch.  ; 
II  mm. 

This  species  belongs  to  the  Sphcerodenis  group,  and  is  allied  to 
stenostomiis  and  cajiadensis.  The  thorax  is,  relatively  to  the  elytra, 
smaller  than  in  either  of  the  above  species,  and  more  narrowed  at 
base,  and  differs  especially  in  having  the  basal  impressions  faint  and 
short  and  absolutely  without  punctures.  Its  form  is  more  slender 
than  either  of  the  above-named  species,  anti  is  not  unlike  Nouiaretus 
bilobus. 

One  female  specimen  obtained  from  northern  Idaho,  and  kindly 
given  me  by  Mr.  Aug.  Merkel,  whose  name  I  attach  to  it  in  recog- 
nition of  many  favors. 


NOTES  AND   NEWS. 


Even  old  scientists  will  commit  indiscretions.  Our  old  and 
venerable  friend.  Dr.  Ivan  Gundlach,  having  persisted  in  wading 
through  the  malarious  swamps  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Aguadore  River, 
southeast  Cuba,  to  discover  new  wonders,  has  paid  the  tribute  of 
human  frailty.  He  has  contracted  a  severe  laryngial  affection  and 
been  ordered  back  to  Havana  by  the  physicians  of  Santiago.  We 
wish  our  friend,  who  will  celebrate  his  80th  birthday  next  July,  a 
speedy  recovery. 

From  Tatsienlou,  Thibet,  the  mountain  abode  of  the  renowned 
Abbe  David,  from  whom  Mr.  Oberthlir  received  years  ago  those 
wonderful  lepidoptera  described  in  his  "Etudes  Entomologiques," 
I  receive  shipments  now  by  way  of  Europe.  Many  of  the  insects 
are  entirely  new  to  science,  and  I  shall  refer  to  them  in  these  columns 
in  the  course  of  time. 

Capt.  Yankowsky  has  started  on  an  extended  tour  up  the  Yang- 
tse-Kiang  River,  Central  China,  and  will  go  through  western  Sze- 
chuen  and  Mount  Oune,  territories  never  before  visited  by  any  col- 
lector.     I  have  a  share  in  the  expedition,  and  hope  for  great  spoils. 

The  rare  SmerintJms  cerysii  and  Platarctia parthenos  have  been, 
last  season,  raised  from  the  ^^%,  and  Prof  Braun  will  shortly  pub- 
lish their  life-history. 

The  last  two  volumes  of  the  "  Butterflies  of  Japan,"  by  the  late 
Mr.  Pryer,  have  just  been  published  by  the  estate,  and  show  what 
an  ardent  and  thorough -going  scientist  this  gentleman  was. 

B.   Neumoegen. 


Preparatory  Stages  of  Arachnis  picta  Packard. 

BY   HARRISON  C.    DYAR. 

Egg. — Spherical,  the  basesHghtly  more  flattened  than  the  sum- 
mit. Color  light  pearly  gray.  Diameter  about  i  mm.  The  eggs 
are  laid  in  masses  of  fifty  or  less,  close  together,  but  only  in  a  single 
layer.  About  four  hundred  eggs  are  laid  by  one  female.  The 
duration  of  this  stage  is  about  two  weeks. 

First  Larval  Stage. — When  newly  hatched,  the  head  is 
slightly  cordate,  black  and  shiny,  the  mouth  pale.  A  few  black 
hairs  on  its  surface;  cervical  spot  straight  in  front,  cur\-ed  behind, 
black  and  shiny  as  the  head.  The  body  is  pale,  dirty  whitish,  with 
long  black  hairs  growing  from  blackish  warts,  which  are  arranged 
as  in  the  mature  larva.  Thoracic  legs  black.  Length  2  mm.  After 
hatching,  the  little  larva  makes  its  first  meal  of  its  egg-shell,  which 
it  sometimes  completely  devours.  As  the  stage  progresses  the  body 
becomes  greenish  white,  the.  warts  black,  some  of  them  brownish  at 
their  bases  forming  a  subdorsal  and  substigmatal  brown  band  on  the 
middle  segments.      Legs  black. 

Sfxond  Larval  Stage. — Head  as  before.  Body  pale  whitish, 
the  warts  large  and  black,  with  brown  irrorations  between  those  in 
the  subdorsal  and  subventral  spaces.  Thoracic  feet  black;  abdom- 
inal black  outwardly.  Hair  black,  about  i  mm.  long.  Length  of 
larva  about  4  mm. 

Third  Larval  Stage. — Head  shiny  black.  Body  and  warts 
black,  with  a  white  dorsal  line  and  pale  stigmatal  band.  Hairs 
black,  whitish  from  the  warts  in  subventral  space.  Length  6  mm. 
As  this  stage  approaches  completion  the  body  assumes  a  purplish 
black  color,  and  the  lines  are  yellowish. 

Fourth  Larval  Stage. — Head  black  and  shiny,  with  a  few 
short  black  hairs.  A  paler  line  above  the  mouth  concolorous  with 
the  base  of  the  palpi.  Body  and  warts  black,  a  narrow,  dull,  whitish 
dorsal  line.  Hair  bristly  and  black,  paler  from  the  warts  in  sub- 
ventral space.  Feet  shiny  black,  the  claspers  of  the  abdominal, 
paler.      Length  g  mm. 

Fifth  Larval  Stage. — Head  as  before.  Body  black,  dorsal 
line  whitish,  narrow  and  faint.  Hair  very  bristly,  black,  but  mixed 
with  brown  hairs,  especially  from  the  lower  warts.    Length  .13  mm. 

Sixth  Larval  Stage.  —  Head  black,  the  mouth  slightly  paler, 
a  few  hairs  about  the  mouth.  Body  black,  with  a  trace  of  dorsal 
line.  Abdominal  legs  reddish.  Hair  black,  mixed  with  brown. 
Length  20  mm. 


—74— 

Seventh  Larval  Stage. — Head  as  before,  but  on  the  vertex 
posteriorly  is  a  paler  patch;  cervical  spot  black,  bisected.  Body 
black,  a  mere  trace  of  dorsal  line  on  the  first  few  segments;  the 
warts  are  brownish,  and  spiracles  dirty  white,  otherwise  as  before. 
Length  30  mm. 

Eighth  Larval  Stage. — Mature  larva.  Head  pale  brown, 
but  largely  black  in  front.  Mouth  brownish,  but  the  ends  of  the 
jaws  black;  a  few  fine,  dark  hairs.  The  warts  are  arranged  as  fol- 
lows: (i)  a  row  on  joints  5  to  12  in  subdorsal  space  situated  ante- 
riorly; (2)  subdorsal  and  (3)  superstigmatal  row,  both  replaced  on 
joint  2  by  the  cervical  spot;  (4)  substigmatal  row,  the  last  three 
coalesced  on  joint  13  in  one  large  wart;  (5)  and  (6)  two  rows  in  the 
subventral  space,  there  being  only  one  row  on  joints  2  and  4  situated 
intermediately,  and  the  lower,  slight  on  joint  13;  (7)  four  small 
warts  on  the  venter  of  each  of  the  legless  segments.  Body  black, 
the  warts  large  and  pale  brown.  Thoracic  feet  dark  brown,  the  ab- 
dominal dull  crimson.  Spiracles  orange.  •  Hair  bristly,  black, 
mixed  slightly  with  brown.      Length  45  to  50  mm. 

The  duration  of  each  stage  was  from  eight  to  ten  days.  When 
mature  some  of  the  larvae  pupated  at  once,  but  others  hibernated 
for  the  space  of  three  weeks  before  pupation,  although  the  weather 
was  warm. 

Cocoon. — A  thin  netting  of  white  silk,  without  any  larval  hairs, 
which  remain  on  the  cast  skin.  The  silk  of  the  cocoon  is  strung 
with  little  clear  drops  at  the  joinings  of  the  threads. 

Pupa. — Head  small;  thorax  rounded,  a  slight  depression  be- 
hind it.  Abdomen  curved,  the  ventral  and  stigmatal  sides  straight. 
Two  rows  of  tufts  of  stout  spines  on  the  dorsum  of  the  abdomen, 
the  upper  situated  anteriorly  and  the  lower  posteriorly  on  the  seg- 
ments, two  more  rows  at  the  spiracles  smaller,  and  others  below 
only  slight;  cremaster,  two  tufts  of  spiny  hairs  with  their  ends  mi- 
nutely hooked.  Color,  black;  thorax  and  cases  shiny  and  creased. 
Abdomen  dull,  covered  by  a  slight  bloom,  minutely  punctured. 

Food- Plants. — Probably  numerous.  The  larvce  fed  readily 
on  malva,  clover,  alfalfa,  geranium,  etc. 

LarvcC  from  Los  Angeles  Countv,  Cal. 


The  exertions  of  various  well-known  gentlemen  point  it  that  we 
will  at  last  have  some  active  collecting  of  Lepidoptera  clone  again 
in  these  United  States.  Professional  collectors  of  the  type  of  the 
late  Boll  and  Morrison,  are  sadly  needed,  and  would  find  liberal 
assistance  for  good  work.  B.  Neumoegen. 


—75— 

Descriptions  of  the  Preparatory  Stages  of 
Edema  albifrons  A.  and  S. 

BY  \VM.    BEUTENMULLER. 

Egg. — Pale  green,  subglobose,  slightly  concave  at  the  base, 
smooth,  shining.  Length  .80  mm.  Width  .50  mm.  Duration  of 
this  stage  thirteen  days.  Laid  in  small  masses  on  the  underside  of 
leaves. 

Young  Larva. — Head  large,  jet-black  shiny,  with  a  few  white 
hairs.  Body  yellow,  with  two  pairs  of  minute,  wart-like  elevations 
on  each  segment  along  the  dorsal  region.  The  elevated  segment  is 
humped  and  followed  by  two  brown  spots.  Along  each  side  there 
is  also  a  series  of  wart-like  elevations  which  gradually  diminish  in 
size  towards  the  posterior  part  of  the  body.  All  the  warts  bear  a 
short  whitish  hair.  Body  beneath  concolorous  to  the  above.  The 
feet  are  white,  semi-translucent;  as  the  larva  grows  older,  fine  black 
stripes  begin  to  appear  along  the  dorsal  region,  and  which  are  broken 
by  the  wart-like  elevations.  Length  2  mm.  Duration  of  this  stage 
seven  days. 

After  First  Moult. — The  head  now  becomes  brick-red  or 
yellow,  otherwise  as  in  the  previous  stage.  The  larva  in  this  moult 
begins  to  attack  the  leaf,  while  the  young  larva  eats  only  the  paren- 
ychma  of  the  leaf.  Length  4  mm.  Duration  of  this  stage  eight 
days. 

After  Second  Moult. — Between  the  black  stripes  along  the 
dorsal  region  there  is  now  present  a  canary-yellow  stripe,  and  across 
the  posterior  segment  is  a  series  of  small  black  spots.  The  hump  is 
now  brick-red.  Length  6  mm.  Duration  of  this  stage  seven  days. 
After  Third  Moult. — No  difference  from  that  of  the  pre- 
vious moult.      Length  10  mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  six  days. 

After  Fourth  Moult. — Same  as  the  previous  one,  except 
somewhat  deeper  in  color  and  the  marking  more  distinct.  Length 
17  mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  five  days. 

After  Fifth,  the  last  Moult. — The  head  is  now  bright 
coral-red,  as  is  also  the  hump  on  the  ele\'enth  segment.  Along  the 
dorsal  region  is  a  series  of  six  fine  black  stripes  on  the  whitish 
ground  color,  and  are  broken  on  the  iunction  of  each  segment. 
Along  the  subdorsum  is  a  rather  broad  canary-yellow  stripe,  and 
along  the  sides  are  four  black  and  yellow,  or  black  and  white  stripes; 
the  black  stripes  being  the  finest.  The  ground  color  sometimes 
assumes  a  pinkish  color.  Body  beneath  dirty  white  with  black 
markings.  The  thoracic  feet  are  yellow,  and  the  abdominal  legs 
are  concolorous  with  the  body.  Length  28  mm.  Full  grown  42  mm. 
Duration  of  this  stage  nine  days. 


-76- 

The  eggs  from  which  my  observations  were  made  were  laid  on 
June  19th,  and  the  young  larvae  emerged  on  July  2d.  The  first 
moult  took  place  on  July  9th,  the  second  moult  on  July  17th,  the 
third  moult  on  July  24th,  the  fouth  on  July  30th,  and  the  last  moult 
on  August  4th.     The  larvae  were  full  grown  on  August  12th. 

The  cocoon  is  irregularly  oval,  and  is  of  a  tough,  sordid  white 
texture,  and  is  spun  on  the  ground  amongst  leaves.    Single  brooded. 

Food-plants:  various  species  of  oaks. 


A  New  Species  of  Agrotis. 

BY  JOHN  B.   SMITH. 

Agrotis  atristrigata  n.  sp. 

Ashen  gray,  black  powdered;  collar  with  a  black,  transverse  line.  Pri- 
maries heavily  black  powdered,  all  the  transverse  maculation  obsolete.  Or- 
l^icular  elongate,  narrow,  fused  with  the  small,  upright  reniform,  else  all  the 
normal  maculation  absent.  A  paler  shade  runs  from  the  end  of  the  cell  to 
the  ape.x,  and  veins  3  and  4  are  white  marked  nearly  to  the  margin,  lightening 
that  region.  The  fringes  are  cut  with  white;  secondaries  white,  with  a  broad, 
soiled,  outer  margin.     Expands  1.2c  inches;  30  mm. 

Hab.—N.  W.  British  Columbia. 

This  species  has  all  the  structural  characters  of  Hollemani,  and 
comes  between  that  species  and  biclavis  in  the  synopsis.  The  ordi- 
nary spots  are  very  small  and  scarcely  distinct.  The  specimen  is  a 
poor  one  and  badly  rubbed,  and  would  not  have  been  described,  but 
that  it  was  a  %  ,  and  the  affinities  were  so  distinct  as  to  render  its 
recognition  certain,  should  other  specimens  be  turned  up. 


Among  the  Nocture  from  Thibet  which  I  received  some  weeks 
ago,  quite  a  number  prove  to  be  well-known  insects  of  the  European 
fauna,  while  a  few  greatly  resemble  our  "American  cousins."  I 
shall  refer  to  it  in  time  after  having  worked  up  the  material  on  hand. 


At  the  entomological  auctions  at  Stevens' ,  in  London,  fabulous 
prices  are  often  realized  for  rare  specimens  or  showy  insects  new  to 
science.  Some  months  ago  as  much  as  ^20  and  ^30  was  paid  for 
Assam  and  Bhotan  ardiidce,  and  the  purchasers  were  happy  at  that. 


A  portrait  of  Prof  S.  A.  Forbes,  fourth  State  entomologist  of 
Illinois,  together  with  a  pen  sketch  of  his  life,  adorns  the  Trans. 
Illinois  State  Hort.  Soc.  for  the  past  year. 


—77— 
NEW   CALIFORNIA  HOMOPTERA. 

BY    E,    P.    VAN    DUZEE. 
(Continued. from  p.  52,  vol.  vi.) 

5.  Thamnotettix  subaenea  n.  sp. 

Form  and  size  of  T.  ahietina  Fall.  Broad.  Pale  yellow,  obscurely  marked 
with  fulvous.  Elytra  subhyaline,  veined  and  marked  toward  the  costa  with 
fulvous  brown  and  exhibiting  by  oblique,  light,  strong,  coppery  reflections, 
intensified  by  the  highly  iridescent  wings  beneath;  lower  surface  pale  testa- 
ceous.    Length:  male,  6.5  mm.;  female,  7  mm. 

Head  a  little  wider  than  the  pronotum;  ver>'  bluntly  rounded;  vertex 
about  one  and  one-half  times  as  long  medially  as  next  the  eye,  disc  flattish, 
with  a  transverse  depression  behind  the  tip;  a  central  line  connecting  before 
with  a  transverse  spot  on  the  depression,  and  two  irregular  spots  on  the  hind 
border  near  the  eyes,  pale  fulvous.  Sometimes  the  latter  spots  are  divided, 
and  there  may  be  two  small  points  near  the  apex.  Front  broad  above,  occa- 
sionally with  a  few  short,  pale  brown  lines  each  side;  sutures  of  the  face  more 
or  less  embrowned.  Lorse  broad.  Clypeus  slightly  widened  at  the  rounded 
tip.  Antennal  seta  rather  long.  Eyes  brown.  Pronotum:  anterior  margin 
straight;  sides  very  short,  with  a  black  spot  below  the  edge;  latero-posterior 
margins  straight,  the  angles  rounded.  Surface  pale,  with  six  short,  fulvous 
stripes  not  reaching  either  margin,  the  lateral  ones  frequently  obsolete,  scu- 
tellum  pale,  basal  angles,  two  dots  between  them  and  the  central  line,  a  little 
dusky  in  fully  colored  examples;  edge  whitish,  with  two  black  dots  on  each 
side.  Beneath  and  legs  pale  or  soiled  white;  femora  lineate  with  pale  brown; 
tibiae  with  black  dots  at  the  base  of  the  spines.  Elytra  pale  fulvous,  almost 
hyaline,  infuscated  toward  the  suture,  where  there  is  a  brown  stripe,  some- 
times only  indicated  on  the  base  and  apex  of  the  clavus;  an  indistinct  whitish 
band  crosses  the  elytra  near  the  middle,  strongly  distinguished  on  the  suture 
near  the  tip  of  the  clavus;  nervures  copper  colored,  at  the  apex  margined  with 
brown.  The  whole  surface  has  a  coppery  reflection,  almost  iridescent  in  some 
lights,  produced,  in  part  at  least,  by  the  highly  iridescent  wings  beneath. 
Nervures  of  the. wings  brown.  Abdomen  pale  testaceous,  with  a  black  line 
on  the  venter  at  each  side  next  the  base  of  the  connexivum,  sometimes 
broken  into  spots;  margin  of  the  dorsal  segments  broadly  black,  or  at  least 
with  a  black  spot  at  the  posterior  angle. 

Last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  about  three  times  as  wide  as  the  pre- 
ceding, broadly  rounded  posteriorly,  with  a  prominent  central  tooth;  pygofers 
with  marginal  and  a  few  discal  pale  bristles.  Ultimate  ventral  segment  of  the 
male  not  differing  from  the  penultimate;  valve  broad  and  short,  rounded,  with 
two  black  spots  on  the  base,  the  plates  fringed  with  white  hairs. 

Described  from  two  females  and  one  male  (No.  223).  This  in- 
sect might  readily  be  mistaken  for  a  Scaphoideus,  but  the  antenncf 
are  shorter,  and  in  general  characters  it  agrees  most  nearly  with  the 
present  genus,  in  which  I  have  placed  it  provisionally. 

6.  Thamnotettix  coquilletti  n.  sp. 

Form  of  T.  keiuticotti  Uhl.  nearly.  Pale  yellow  marked  with  fulvous, 
female;  or  whitish  testaceous,  marked  with  fulvous  brown,  male.    Eyes,  two 


-78- 

spots  on  the  front  of  the  vertex,  and  the  basal  angles  of  the  scutellum  black. 
Length:  male,  4  mm.;  female,  5  mm. 

Head  as  wide  as  the  pronotum,  female;  or  a  very  little  wider,  male;  ob- 
tusely rounded  before.  Verte.x  narrow,  the  fore  and  hind  margins  almost 
parallel;  surface  sloping  anteriorly,  passage  to  the  front  well  rounded.  Front 
rather  wide;  sutures  above  the  antennae  parallel,  below  converging  to  the 
clypeus.  Clypeus  long  and  narrow,  the  rounded  apex  exceeding  slightly  the 
cheeks.  Lora;  narrow,  somewhat  elongated.  Cheeks  narrow,  sides  feebly 
angled  just  below  the  eye;  first  two  joints  of  the  antenna?  thick,  poorly  dis- 
tinguished, the  first  much  narrowed  at  base.  Legs:  first  joint  of  the  anterior 
tarsi  broad,  of  the  posterior  somewhat  elongated.  Posterior  margin  of  the 
pronotum  almost  straight,  lateral  angles  rounded.  Neuration  of  the  elytra 
as  in  our  other  species  of  Thamnofeitix,  except  that  the  transverse  nervure 
connecting  the  first  and  second  sectors  runs  obliquely  forward  and  inward. 

Color:  Male.— Head  pale  yellow;  vertex  tinged  with  fulvous  against  the 
eyes,  and  with  a  fulvous  spot  at  the  apex;  immediately  above  each  ocellus  is 
a  large,  round,  black  dot;  sutures  of  the  front  and  clypeus  from  the  antennae 
to  the  tip  of  the  lors  heavily  lined  with  black;  front  above  with  two  triangular 
brown  spots  converging  to  a  fulvous  point  on  the  tip  of  the  vertex,,  and  di- 
verging below,  where  they  are  interrupted  by  some  pale,  transverse,  broken 
lines.  Eyes  and  antennal  setce  brown.  Pronotum  whitish  testaceous,  with 
a  transverse,  fulvous  brown  band  within  the  posterior  margin,  interrupted  at 
the  middle  by  a  longitudinal  white  line,  which  is  broadly  bordered  with  brown, 
especially  on  the  anterior  margin.  Scutellum  pale  yellow,  with  an  oval  black 
spot  within  the  basal  angles.  Elytra  fulvous  brown;  costal  half  of  the  corium 
hyaline  almost  to  the  apex;  nervures  slender,  white,  except  at  the  apex,  and 
broadly  bordered  with  the  same  color  on  the  clavus  and  inner  half  of  the 
corium.  Wings  hyaline,  smoky  toward  the  tip,  nervures  thick,  brown;  pec- 
toral pieces  white,  edged  with  black;  sternum  black.  Legs  white,  base  of  all 
the  spines  with  dark  brown  points;  joints  of  the  posterior  tarsi  embrowned 
beneath  toward  their  apex;  tip  of  the  rostrum  and  the  pulvilli  black.  Ab- 
domen black;  connexivum,  disc  of  the  venter  and  genitalia  white. 

Female.— Obscure  pale  yellow,  elytra  whitish;  markings  as  in  the  male, 
but  paler;  face  immaculate,  or  with  faint  indications  of  the  superior  brown 
spots;  cheeks  with  a  dusky  cloud  below  the  eye;  black  spots  on  the  vertex 
distinct;  fulvous  markings  on  the  pronotum  more  extended  along  the  anterior 
margin.  Abdomen  and  all  beneath  soiled  white,  immaculate  or  nearly  so. 
Wings  white,  slightly  iridescent,  nervures  inconspicuous. 

Genital  pieces.— Male:  valve  broad,  occupying  the  concavity  of  the  hind 
margin  of  the  ultimate  ventral  segment,  its  posterior  edge  feebly  convex; 
plates  broad,  triangular,  sides  slightly  convex,  apex  obtuse,  edge  fringed  with 
stout  bristles. 

Female.— Last  ventral  segment  long,  the  edge  nearly  straight,  with  a 
minute  central  notch;  pygofers  short  and  broad,  apex  truncate,  the  apical 
submargin  with  a  single  row  of  stout  spines,  the  sutural  margin  with  a  few 
short  ones  scattered  along  nearly  its  whole  length.  Ovipositor  slightly  ex- 
ceeding the  pygofers. 

Described  from  one  male  (No.  626)  and  two  female  (No.  331) 
examples.     This  species  is  somewhat  anomalous  in  the  genus  in 


—79— 

which  I  have  placed  it.  In  form,  and  esi)ecially  ornamentation,  it 
corresponds  very  closely  with  an  undescribed  Jassid  found  abun- 
dantly on  willows  in  New  York,  that  I  have  placed  in  Calliscarta, 
but  this  latter  form  has  the  elytral  venation  of  Cicadula,  while  the 
present  species  agrees  in  this  respect  with  Thamnotettix ,  where  I 
prefer  to  place  it  for  the  present.  This  is  one  of  those  not  uncommon 
cases  where  a  species  exists  apparently  for  the  sole  purpose  of  puz- 
zling the  entomologist  and  showing  him  how  little  Nature  appreciates 
his  laboriously-founded  and  nicely-discriminated  genera. 

It  affords  me  pleasure  to  dedicate  this  neat  litde  Jassid  to  its 
discoverer,  who  is  too  well  known  to  require  words  of  commenda- 
tion from  me,  else  freely  given. 

7   Thamnotettix  geminata  n.  sp. 

Form  of  Cicadula  6-tioia/a  Fall.,  but  larger.  Dull  green  or  greenish 
brown.  Head  yellowish  white;  anterior  edge  of  the  vertex  with  four  large 
black  spots;  disc  of  the  scuteUum  with  two  small,  approximate,  black  points. 
Length  4.5  mm. 

Head  hardly  as  wide  as  the  pronotum;  obtusely  rounded  before,  finely 
punctured.  \'ertex  about  one-fourth  longer  at  the  centre  than  next  the  eye, 
base  with  a  fine  impressed  line.  Sides  of  the  front  almost  straight,  slightly 
incurved  toward  the  apex.  Clypeus  narrow,  widened  toward  the  obtusely 
rounded  apex.  Cheeks  obscurely  angled  below  the  eyes.  Pronotum  scarcely 
angled  at  the  sides,  the  posterior  margin  straight;  surface  with  fine,  trans- 
verse striae  and  distant,  scattering  punctures.  Basal  ventral  segment  broad, 
posterior  edge  arcuated. 

Color:  Head  yellowish  white,  tinged  with  fulvous  on  the  disc  of  the  ver- 
tex and  around  the  eyes;  short  impressed  line  on  the  vertex  and  sutures  of 
the  frtmt  black;  a  large  black  spot  occupies  the  apex  of  the  head  each  side  of 
the  tii^,  and  there  is  another  on  the  margin  of  the  vertex  immediately  behind 
each  ocellus;  antennal  cavity  and  a  few  faint,  transverse  lines  on  the  front 
black.  Antennae  pale.  Eyes  black;  pronotum  dull  greenish  brown;  behind 
tlie  anterior  margin  is  a  black,  wavy  line,  which  becomes  obsolete  before 
reaching  the  lateral  angles.  Propleura  sulphur-yellow,  the  other  pleural 
pieces  yellow  on  their  outer  half,  their  discal  half  and  the  sternal  pieces  black. 
Scutellum  greenish  yellow;  transverse  impressed  line,  two  approximate  black 
points  before  it,  and  a  small  triangle  somewhat  remote  from  each  basal  ano-le 
black.  Elytra  brownish  hyaline,  obscured  toward  the  sutural  margin;  ner- 
vures  slender,  but  distinct,  pale,  embrowned  toward  the  apex.  Wings  hya- 
line, iridescent,  nervures  fuscous.  Abdomen  black,  connexivum  yellow. 
Legs  pale  whitish  yellow;  posterior  tibiae  with  a  black  line  on  the  inner  edge, 
their  tarsal  joints  touched  with  brown.  Last  ventral  segment  and  pygofers 
soiled  white,  the  latter  suffused  with  ferruginous. 

Last  ventral  segment  longer  than  the  penultimate;  posterior  margin  pro- 
duced in  a  short  angle  each  side  of  the  middle,  where  there  is  a  shallow  in- 
cision on  either  side  of  the  short,  blunt  central  tooth;  pygofers  broad,  ab- 
ruptly reaching  the  end  of  the  ovipositor. 


— 8o- 

Described  from  a  single  female  example  (No.  6i6).  This  spe- 
cies has  much  the  appearance  of  a  Cicadiila,  in  which  genus  it  might 
readily  be  placed,  but  for  the  characteristic  venation  of  the  elytra. 

8.  Thamnotettix  flavocapitata  n.  sp. 

Form  of  T.  cruentata  Panz.  Pale  yellow;  head  sulphur-yellow;  elytra 
fulvous  brown  9,  or  olive-brown  (^\  costa  pale.  Length:  male,  5  mm.;  fe- 
male 5.5  mm. 

Male;  Head  as  wide  as  the  pronotum,  posterior  margin  regularly  con- 
cave, anterior  obtusely  triangular.  Vertex  one-half  longer  at  the  middle  than 
at  the  eye;  passage  to  the  front  rounded.  Front  narrow,  the  sides  almost 
straight.  Clypeus  widened  toward  the  apex,  which  is  truncated,  and  does 
not  surpass  the  cheeks.  Outer  edge  of  the  cheeks  but  feebly  arcuated  above, 
leaving  a  ratlier  broad  margin  on  the  outer  inferior  side  of  the  eye.  Pro- 
notum about  one  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  the  vertex;  hind  edge  scarcely 
concave;  sides  short,  the  angles  rounded. 

Color:  Head  sulphur-yellow,  sometimes  tinged  with  fulvous  on  the  ver- 
tex; antennal  setae  brown,  eyes  olive-brown.  Pronotum  olive-brown,  paler 
on  the  anterior  margin,  behind  which  is  a  fine  concentric  line  usually  more 
or  less  obsolete.  Beneath  and  legs  pale  yellow  or  whitish;  propleura  sulphur- 
yellow;  tips  of  the  tarsal  joints  and  claws  brown.  Scutelluni  ferruginous 
brown,  the  transverse  impressed  line  blackish.  Flytra  olive-brown  or  fuscous, 
subhyaline,  with  more  or  less  distinct  coppery  reflections;  costal  half  of  the 
corium  whitish  hyaline;  discal  nervures  pale  yellow,  indistinct,  the  costal 
clearer  yellow;  nervures  of  the  clavus  with  a  whitish  spot  next  the  suture. 
Wings  whitish  hyaline,  highly  iridescent;  nervures  thick,  fuscous.  Tergum 
black,  broad,  lateral  and  narrow  posterior  margins  of  the  segments  yellow. 
Venter  yellow,  base  of  the  connexivum  and  of  the  first  ventral  segment  black. 
Genitalia  black;  valves  and  plates  yellow,  the  former  with  a  dusky  spot  at 
base. 

Genital  pieces:  Valve  transverse;  almost  quadrangular,  but  with  the  outer 
corners  well  rounded.  Plates  triangular,  sides  well  rounded  toward  the  base, 
extreme  tip  a  little  produced;  edges  heavily  fringed  with  long,  soft  hairs. 
Margin  of  the  pygofers  oblique,  leaving  the  short,  stout  hooks  at  the  inner 
acute  apex  of  the  triangular-ovate  orifice;  margin  and  apex  a-rmed  with  ten 
to  fifteen  stout  bristles.  Slender  tips  of  the  styles  j^rojecting  conspicuously 
beyond  the  apex  of  the  plates. 

Female. — Pronotum,  scutellum  and  elytra  fulvous  brown;  nervures  of  the 
wmgs  pale  brown;  abdomen  yellow,  disc  of  the  tergum  brown.  The  colors 
are  paler  than  in  the  male,  and  the  vertex  is  proportionately  shorter  and 
broader.  Last  ventral  segment  long;  the  rounded  end  with  a  broad  notch 
including  a  prominent  central  tooth;  pygofers  a  very  little  shorter  than  the 
ovipositor;  at  their  base  beset  with  rather  short  white  bristles. 

Described  from  six  males  (No.  601)  and  three  females  (No.  154). 
(To  be  continued.) 


ERRATA. 
By  a  misunderstanding  the  i6-page  form  was  printed  before  Hnal  proof 
was  in,  and  the  following  escaped  correction : 

Page  63,  line  6,  for  Spningicampa  ;  rad  Sphingicampa. 

65,    "     3,  of  article,  for  charcters  read  characters. 

67,  "    10,  for  Seaville  read  Serville. 

68,  "      3,  for  subbidentate  lead  sub-bidentate. 

69,  "    31,  for  "  "  " 

71,  "      7,  for  distincty  read  distinctly. 

72,  '■    18,  for  Ivan  read  Juan. 
76,    "     4,  for  fouth  read  fourth. 
76,    "     4  from  bottom,  for  arctiidce  read  Arctiidcp. 
76,  of  the  three  short  notes  the  first  two  should  be  credited  to  B. 

Neumoegen,  the  tliird  tf)  F.  H.  C. 


amerigAna 


VOL.  VI. 


BROOKLYN,  MAY,  1890. 


No.  5. 


On  the  Probable  PoUenization  of  Greenhouse  Chryan- 
themums  by  Eristalis  tenax. 

BY  JOHN    HAMILTON,    M.  D. 

In  many  of  the  greenhouses  throughout  the  United  States, 
where  Chrysanthemums  are  anywise  extensively  grown,  a  Dipteron, 
known  to  the  proprietors  as  the  Chrysanthemum  fly  or  bee,  makes 
its  appearance  early  in  October  on  the  disclosing  of  the  first  flowers 
and  continuing  as  long  as  the  Chrysanthemums  are  in  bloom.  Its 
appearance  and  actions  so  greatly  resemble  those  of  the  honey  bee 
as  to  pointedly  exemplify  a  mimicry  that  is  all  protective.  I  first 
observed  it  five  years  ago,  in  considerable  numbers,  on  the  large 
collection  of  Chrysanthemums  in  the  greenhouses  of  the  Allegheny 
parks;  in  many  respects  it  acted  very  bee-like,  hovering  over  the 
flowers  till  a  selection  was  made,  then  alighting  and  burying  itself 
among  the  i:)etals,  it  would  work  among  them  diligently  for  a  time 
and  then  fly  away  to  another.  From  Mr.  William  Hamilton,  the 
learned  superintendent,  I  obtained  the  information  that  this  fly  was. 
reputed  to  pollenize  Chrysanthemums,  and  that  this  knowledge  had 
been  utilized  by  certain  growers  of  seed,  though  he  himself  had 
never  experimented  to  obtain  any  in  that  way.  The  fly  does  not 
meddle  with  any  of  the  other  flowers  in  the  greenhouse,  however 
fragrant,  nor  has  it  been  seen  outside  by  any  of  the  operatives,  nor 
by  myself. 

Mr.  John  Thorpe,  of  Pearl  River,  N.  Y.,  a  learned  and  distin- 
guished florist,  who  makes  a  specialty  of  Chrysanthemums,  to  -whom 
I  wrote  for  information,  courteously  states  that  he  has  not  noticed  it 
outside  his  greenhouses  at  any  time,  and  neither  has  he  seen  it  until 
the  first  Chrysanthemums  are  in  bloom,  the  date  varying  from  Octo- 
ber 5th  to  13th,  in  six  years;  and  further  says,  "  I  am  sure  they  as- 

Entomologica  Americana.  Vol.  VI.         5  May,  1890. 


—  82— 

sist  in  the  poUenization  of  the  flowers,  as  I  have  watched  them 
working  many  hours;  Eristalis  tenax  is  the  name  it  received  Irom 
an  entomological  friend." 

Reports  from  other  sources  are  to  the  same  effect,  but  no  one 
has  yet  volunteered  the  statement  that  of  his  own  knowledge  seed 
has  been  so  obtained,  and  it  has  been  considered  indelicate  to  put 
the  question  directly  to  the  producers  of  this  precious  commodity; 
an  experiment,  however,  would  be  no  way  difficult. 

Eristalis  tenax  is  an  inhabitant  of  the  old  world,  and  accom- 
modates itself  to  all  climates  from  the  Arctic  regions  of  Siberia  to 
the  tropics  in  Africa,  probably  originating  in  Japan,  the  metropolis 
of  Chrysanthemums.  The  knowledge  of  its  existence  in  N.  America 
dates  back  no  further  than  1875,  when  Baron  Osten  Sacken  took  a 
single  specimen  at  Cambridge,  Mass.,  after  having  collected  Diptera 
throughout  the  United  States,  and  yet,  in  1884,  it  was  known  from 
nearly  all  parts  of  the  country,  from  Massachusetts  to  Georgia,  and 
westward  to  Washington.  (Psyche  ii,  188  and  260;  Can.  Ent.  xiii, 
176;  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  London,  1884,  p.  489-96).  In  the  last  cited 
article  Baron  Osten-Sacken,  speculating  on  the  mode  of  its  intro- 
duction into  North  America,  and  its  sudden  appearance  all  over  the 
country,  states  the  only  two  possible  ways.  .  First,  by  introduction 
through  the  Atlantic  seaboards;  he  fails,  however,  to  inform  us  how 
this  insect  was  likely  to  have  been  so  extensively  distributed  in  eight 
or  nine  years.  Second,  as  being  indigenous  to  Western,  but  not  to 
Eastern  America,  it  slowly  worked  its  way  across  the  Rocky  Moun- 
tains eastward  to  Missouri,  where,  meeting  with  more  favorable  con- 
ditions, like  Doryphora  decemlinenta,  it  suddenly  spread  to  the  At- 
lantic, where  it  was  soon  recognized  by  entomologists;  but  what 
these  conditions  were  is  not  indicated. 

Now,  we  may  have  it  from  both  sources,  as  it  is  indigenous  in 
Kamtschatka  it  may  also  be  in  Western  North  America,  like  so 
many  other  insects.  And  we  may  likewise  have  it  by  introduction, 
and  if  it  really  escaped  commercial  transportation,  though  seemingly 
strange  considering  its  larva  and  imago  habits,  till  near  the  time 
specified,  its  subsequent  rapid  and  wide  distribution  is  not  incredible 
nor  impossible  when. its  relation  to  Chrysanthemums  is  considered, 
the  craze  for  which  during  the  last  two  decades  has  spread  them  to 
nearly  every  village  and  farm  house  in  the  United  States.  In  the 
article  cited  above  from  the  Can.  Ent.,  Dr.  S.  W.  Williston  states 
that  this  fly  is  often  found  ' '  in  houses  early  in  October. ' '  Chrys- 
anthemums, probably,  might  have  been  found  there  likewise. 

No  record  of  the  food-habits  of  the  mature  E.  tenax  has  been 
noticed;  it  cannot,  however,  be  confined  to  greenhouse  Chrysanthe- 


— S3- 

nuinis,  as  it  appears  abundantly  in  early  summer;  there  are,  how- 
ever, near  one  hundred  species  of  Chrysanthemums  distributed 
throughout  the  ditit'erent  countries  it  inhabits  which,  blooming  at 
\arious  seasons,  may  supply  it  with  food,  and  it  may  have  other 
resources  at  present  unknown. 

The  larva  is  one  of  the  rat-tailed  maggots,  and  lives  in  any  kind 
of  compost  or  mephitic  mud,  the  more  horridly  foetid  the  better;  the 
elastic  tail,  which  is  capable  of  being  extended  more  than  two  inches 
to  the  surface,  contains  a  double  air  tube,  through  which  the  larva 
breathes.  To  contrast — the  larva  revels  and  fattens  in  the  vilest, 
most  disgusting  filth  imaginable — the  imago  disports  itself  among 
the  fairest  bloom  and  draws  -sustenance  from  the  loveliest  of  the 
lo\-ely. 

Under  the  caption  "Drone  Fly,"  Rev.  J.  G.  Wood,  "Insects 
at  Home,"  gives  a  figure  of  the  imago,  and  a  very  charming  account 
of  the  larva  and  its  habits,  from  which  the  foregoing  account  of  the 
lar\'a  is  mostly  taken. 

The  mode  of  life  of  the  imago  outside  of  greenhouses  seems  to 
be  unrecorded,  at  least  such  is  the  case  in  any  of  the  American  or 
European  literature  consulted,  a  knowledge  of  which  mode  is  now 
of  great  interest,  and  must  enter  largely  into  any  future  attempt  to 
account  for  its  distribution  in  America. 


REMARKS  ON  SOME  WESTERN  TENEBRIONIDiE. 

BY    H.    F.    WICKHAM. 

Every  collector  who  has  had  the  pleasure  of  traveling  in  that 
part  of  our  country  lying  west  of  the  Missouri  River,  must  have 
noticed  the  great  development  of  the  Tenebrionidae  as  regards  the 
number  both  of  species  and  of  individuals.  They  form,  in  fact,  the 
most  noticeable  feature  of  the  Coleopterous  fauna  of  that  region, 
especially  towards  the  South  on  the  table-lands  and  plains  of  Texas, 
New  Mexico,  Arizona  and  Southern  California. 

Offering  little  variety  in  color,  they  differ  widely  in  habits,  and 
their  forms  are  extremely  diverse,  though  most  of  them  have  a  pe- 
culiar habitus,  which  at  once  marks  them  as  members  of  this  family. 
Some  observations  may  be  of  interest  to  such  of  our  Eastern  brethren 
who  have  never  had  an  opportunity  to  study  them  in  life,  and  in  this 
hope  I  offer  the  following  notes: 

Edrotes  ventricosiis  Lee.  Taken  at  Barstow,  Cal.,  under  logs, 
August  19th.  Rare.  E.  globosus  Casey  is  found  about  the  roots 
of  weeds  in  the  middle  of  May  at  Greeley,  Col. 


-84- 

Triorophus  Icsvis  Lee.  was  taken  at  Barstow  elinging  to  the 
under  surface  of  boards  which  were  resting  on  the  sand,  August 
19th.      Trimitys  prninosa  with  E.  g/obosus,  Greeley,  Col. 

The  species  of  Etirynietopon  and  Eymnenastes  have  all  \ery 
nearly  the  same  habits  so  far  as  I  observed,  being  found  chiefly 
about  the  roots  of  various  plants,  especially  such  weeds  as  grow  in 
thick  clumps  or  brushes.  Most  Evimenastes  have  a  very  fine  bluish 
"bloom"  when  living,  but  this  is  easily  removed,  and  I  never  saw 
a  cabinet  specimen  that  showed  it.  These  remarks  apply  particu- 
larly to  Ell.  riifipes,  eniarginatJivi  and  convexicol/e,  and  Eju.  ater, 
aciitus,  obesiis  and  a  n.  sp. 

EpitragKS  is  not  so  strictly  terrestrial  as  the  preceding  insects, 
and  is  in  the  habit  of  climbing  up  the  sage-brush  and  resting  among 
the  leaves,  especially  in  cloudy  weather.  I  noticed  large  numbers 
of  ^.  ca7ialiculati(s  in  the  branches  of  sage-brush  at  Seligman,  Ariz., 
one  very  rainy  and  disagreeable  day  in  late  July.  E.  aaitus  I  took 
at  Albuquerque;  E.  plunibcus  2X  Coolidge,  both  having  the  climbing- 
habit. 

Datidins  setosus  may  be  found  in  the  sand  under  dry  cow-drop- 
pings along  the  Little  Colorado  River  near  Holbrook,  Ariz.,  in 
company  with  Aphodms.    It  is  an  "  early  bird,"  appearing  in  April. 

Zopherus  probably  breeds  in  wood,  and  my  series  is  interesting 
as  showing  the  replacement  of  one  species  by  another  at  short  in- 
tervals. At  Albuquerque  I  found  Z.  granicollis,  and  took  it  again 
at  Coolidge,  one  hundred  and  thirty-six  miles  farther  west.  Another 
one  hundred  and  fifty  miles,  and  it  gives  place  to  Z.  elegans;  ninety 
miles  beyond  this  is  replaced  by  Z.  opacus,  which  in  turn  yields  to 
gracilis  and  trisfis  in  the  next  one  hundred  miles.  They  all  occur 
in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  pine  logs,  generally  resting  on  the  bark 
of  the  under  surface  close  to  the  ground,  with  the  exception  of  Z. 
elegants,  which  I  took  around  cottonwoods,  there  being  no  pine 
within  se\eral  miles,  except  the  ties  on  the  railroad. 

Phellopsis  var.  porcata  is  found  on  old  pine  logs,  and  is  ver}^ 
hard  to  see  on  account  of  its  brownish  color  and  the  peculiar  irregu- 
larities of  the  upper  surface,  which  harmonize  with  the  bark  of  the 
tree. 

The  little  Arceoschizus  costipenni»  is  sometimes  seen  clinging  to 
the  underside  of  boards  laid  in  the  sand  along  the  Little  Colorado 
River  bottom.  Its  congener,  A.  armatus,  I  found  living  with  a 
large  species  of  ant  at  Green  River,  Wyoming,  in  May.  They  are 
rapid  runners,  but  feign  death  if  disturbed. 

In  the  Colorado  desert,  near  the  Needles,  Cal,  we  find  Crypto- 
glossa  verrucosa,  a  very  fine  insect.      During  the  heat  of  the  day  it 


-85- 

remains  in  concealment  under  logs,  etc.,  but  in  the  e\enin_o-  may  be 
found  running-  over  the  ground.  I  took  quite  a  number  of  them 
under  some  bales  of  straw  which  had  been  left  on  the  river's  bank- 
by  railroad  hands. 

Microschatia  incrqualis,  is  said  to  be  a  common  species,  but  I 
took  only  one  example,  at  San  Diego,  under  a  log. 

Asida  and  its  allies  furnish  a  large  number  of  species,  some  of 
them  very  common,  and  many  extremely  variable.  Ologlyphis 
anastomosis  is  an  interesting  form,  and  is  found  under  logs  in  the 
valley  of  the  Little  Colorado,  in  July.  Asida  opaca  I  took  at  Albu 
quercjue  in  clumps  of  weeds;  it  lies  hidden  in  the  sand  at  the  roots. 
A.  sordida  was  very  common  at  Luna,  N.  M.,  and  Winslow,  Ariz., 
under  logs  or  at  the  roots  of  plants.  It  is  crepuscular  in  habit  and 
may  be  seen  running  around  about  dark.  At  Peach  Springs  I  got 
a  tew  A.  actitosa,  under  logs,  with  three  examples  of  A.  parallela, 
late  in  August.  One  specimen  of  A.  confluens  occurred  at  the 
Needles  on  August  2ist.  A.  convexa  is  rather  common  in  New 
Mexico  in  August  and  September,  and  shows  considerable  variation 
in  the  width  of  thorax  and  elytral  sculpture.  A.  cojivexicollis  Lee. 
is  another  ^■ariable  species,  and  the  differences  between  specimens 
taken  at  7000  and  at  5000  feet  altitude  is  considerable.  In  the  for- 
mer the  thorax  is  much  broader,  the  margin  wider  and  more  strongly 
punctured,  the  disc  of  the  elytra  (taken  together)  more  arched,  and 
the  surface  more  coarsely  rugose.  I  should  like  to  consider  them 
as  distinct  species  in  fact,  but  Mr.  Linell,  to  whom  I  sent  specimens, 
thinks  them  the  same.  A.  marginata  may  be  found  around  the 
roots  of  plants  in  August  and  September  with  the  var.  rimata. 
They  seem  to  prefer  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  river,  the  latter 
variety  being  sometimes  seen  among  the  rubbish  between  the  banks 
ot  the  river's  bed.  My  specimens  are  mostly  from  Winslow.  A. 
e/afa  is  found  with  it. 

The  species  of  Coniontis  seem  to  be  more  distinctively  Northern 
and  Western,  as  I  took  none  in  New  Mexico  nor  Arizona.  Farther 
North  C.  obesa  may  be  found  as  far  East  as  Green  River,  Wyoming, 
and  Helena,  Mon.,  under  rubbish  of  various  sorts.  C.  opaca  oc- 
curred at  Barstow,  Cal.,  and  Victoria,  Vane.  I.,  C.  affinis  in  eastern 
Oregon,  and  C.  ovalis  at  San  Diego.  Of  these  opaca  and  ova/is 
were  often  found  near  the  sea-shore,  though  not  confined  to  it. 
Other  species  were  taken  at  Spokane  Falls  and  North  Yakima,  but 
are  not  yet  named. 

Ccehis  ciliatus  may  be  found  close  to  the  sea,  under  rubbish 
along  the  beach.  I  got  only  dead  specimens  at  San  Diego,  in 
August,  and  do  not  know  when  it  may  be  found  alive. 


—86— 

Eiisattus  retiadatus,  E71.  difficilis  and  Eii.  nmricahis  may  all  be 
found  around  the  roots  of  bushes  in  sandy  places  during  July  and 
August  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona. 

Eleodes,  with  its  numerous  species,  is  a  genus  very  charac- 
teristic of  the  West.  They  are  known  as  ' '  circus-bugs' '  among 
the  Americans  of  New  Mexico,  on  account, probably,  of  the  antics 
they  cut  if  startled  when  running.  Try  to  pick  one  up  and  it 
elevates  the  abdomen  as  much  as  possible,  nearly  standing  on  its 
head  to  do  so.  Then,  if  you  insist  on  touching  it,  you  have  to 
take  the  consequences.  Some  of  the  species  eject  an  offensive 
fluid  from  the  anus  in  a  fine  stream,  but  in  others  it  seems  to 
simply  exude  in  a  drop  which  adheres  to  the  tip  of  the  abdomen 
until  wiped  off.  They  are  so  quick  that  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
pick  one  up  when  it  is  aroused  without  the  insect  managing  to  bring 
the  tip  of  the  abdomen  against  the  fingers.  The  fluid  is  much  more 
offensive  and  caustic  in  some  species  than  others,  and  often  causes 
a  burning  sensation  when  it  touches  the  skin.  I  think  that  E.  lon- 
gicoUis  has  the  most  pungent  secretion  of  any  kno\\n  to  me.  E. 
dispersa  Lee.  is  one  of  the  commoner  species  at  Coolidge,  N.  Mex., 
in  June,  and  may  often  be  seen  at  the  entrances  of  the  burrows  of 
the  prairie  dogs.  When  pairing  it  may  be  seen  in  numbers  in  patches 
of  sand  where  the  bushes  are  less  numerous,  running  about  in  the 
day-time  or  copulating  in  slightly  sheltered  spots.  A  hundred  miles 
farther  west  it  gives  place  to  the  variety  sulcipennis,  which  I  have 
never  seen  in  companies  at  pairing  time.  E.  suturalis  I  never  took 
west  of  Albuqurque,  where  it  is  rather  rare.  E.  tricostata  is  com- 
mon and  lives  chiefly  at  the  roots  of  plants  in  company  with  obsoleta 
and  exiricata;  with  them  is  sometimes  found  E.  Immeralis.  In 
California  we  find  E.  quadricollis  under  logs  and  on  the  border  of 
the  Colorado  desert.  I  got  a  few  E.  arviata,  a  fine  species.  E. 
/ougicollis  is  widely  distributed  through  New  Mexico,  Arizona,  Col- 
orado, Wyoming  and  the  adjacent  regions.  It  varies  in  sometimes 
having  the  elytra  rougher  than  the  typical  forms,  which  are  nearly 
smooth.  E.  gracilis  is  rather  rare,  and  may  be  found  running 
around  in  the  evening  on  the  eastern  slope  of  the  Sierra  Madre 
Mountains  and  on  the  Puerco  divide  from  June  to  August.  E. 
nigrina  is  rather  common  in  the  mountains  around  Flagstaff",  Ariz., 
and  E.  hispilabris  is  found  over  an  immense  extent  of  territory. 
E.  caudifera  is  abundant  in  the  valley  of  the  Little  Colorado,  close 
to  the  river;  E.  pilosa  rare  in  the  Sierra  Madre,  and  E.  hirsuta  in 
the  southern  end  of  Idaho.  I  got  a  few  speciments  of  E.  planipcn- 
nis  in  the  Sierra  Madre  in  June,  and  two  or  three  in  the  mountains 


-87- 

near  Williams,  Ariz.,  but  never  found  it  in  the  valleys.  Eleodes 
cordata  is  a  common  Northern  species,  and  E.  pimelioides  extends 
as  far  East  as  Green  River,  Wyo.  E.  opaca  has  the  same  range 
(as  far  as  my  experience  goes)  as  E.  planipennis,  and  seems  to  be  a 
montane  species.  E.  fnsiformis,  a  curiously-shaped  species,  oc- 
curred only  at  Coolidge  and  Albuquerque,  and  is  rare. 

The  next  genus,  Embaphion,  is  remarkable  for  having  the  sides 
ot  the  thorax  and  elytra  more  or  less  explanate  and  reflexed,  as  in 
Scaphinotus,  among  the  Carabid?e.  Of  the  species  I  have  seen 
this  character  is  most  strongly  marked  \r^E.  muricatiim,  which  oc- 
curs in  Nebraska,  Dakota,  Montana  and  Colorado,  from  May  to 
August.  It  seems  to  be  rare,  at  least  I  got  only  about  half  a  dozen 
specimens  on  my  last  trip.  E.  depression  and  elongatum  are  found 
at  various  points  in  New  Mexico  and  Arizona  from  April  to  Sep- 
tember. They  are  provided  with  a  secretion  something  like  that  of 
Eleodes.  but  which  leaves  a  reddish  stain  on  the  hand  when  soap  and 
water  is  applied,  instead  of  a  yellow  or  brown  stain  as  in  the  latter 
genus.  Trogloderus  costatus  is  a  remarkable  insect  which  I  have 
taken  in  the  vicinity  of  cottonwoods  at  Winslow,  Ariz.,  and  Green 
Ri\er,  Wyoming. 

Eidabis  pubeseens  may  be  found  along  the  sea-shore  at  San 
Diego  under  logs  and  boards  in  company  with  Amphidora  nigropi- 
hsa,  and  an  occasional  Cratidus  osculans.  The  last  species  also 
occurs  at  Los  Angeles,  so  it  is  not  confined  to  the  immediate  neigh- 
borhood of  the  coast. 

One  specimen  of  Argoporis  costipennis  was  taken  near  Peach 
Springs,  Ariz.,  under  an  old  cowhide  in  August.  I  never  met  with 
another  example. 

Iphthimus  serratus  is  a  well-known  Northern  species,  and  infests 
the  pine,  li\'ing  beneath  the  bark  of  dead  trees.  In  Arizona  it  is 
represented  by  the  variety  siiblcevis,  which  has  the  same  habits.  My 
specimens  are  from  the  vicinity  of  Williams  at  an  altitude  of  about 
7000  feet.  It  does  not  occur  in  the  plains  where  the  pine  trees  are 
lacking.  Ccelocnemis  punctata  (a  nearly  smooth  variety)  is  found 
with  it,  while  at  Winslow  and  east  into  New  Mexico  a  rougher  form 
extends.  Upis  ceraniboides  I  took  under  the  bark  of  cottonwood 
at  Glendin,  Mont.,  with  a  few  specimens  of  Nyctobates pennsylvanica. 
At  the  Needles  I  took  a  new  Alcephus  under  a  board.  Mecysmus 
angustatus  flew  to  my  light  at  Winslow,  Ariz.  The  species  ot 
Blapsiiniis  have  habits  so  similar  to  one  another  that  the  description 
of  one  will  do  for  all.  They  are  found  under  pieces  of  wood  or  dry 
dung,  among  dead  leaves  or  beneath  rubbish  of  any  sort,  and  some 


—88— 

species  may  be  found  at  any  points  in  the  West.  Conibiiis  and 
Notibius  have  much  the  same  habits,  but  are  rarer.  Ulus  crassus  I 
took  under  rubbish  near  Los  Angeles. 

Cnemeplatia  sericea  is  a  curious  insect,  reminding  one  somewhat 
of  Heterocenis.  I  took  one  specimen  at  Holbrook,  Ariz.,  and  one 
at  Albuquerque,  N.  Mex.,  the  latter  was  flying  in  the  evening,  the 
former  I  think  I  took  from  beneath  a  piece  of  board,  but  can  find 
no  note  relating  to  it.  A  still  more  curious  little  animal  is  Alandcs 
singiilaris,  of  which  I  got  a  few  specimens  from  an  ant's  nest  at 
Huntington,  Oreg.,  about  the  end  of  May.  The  nest  was  under  a 
stone  in  a  grassy  spot,  and  with  the  ants  were  about  a  dozen  of  these 
Alandes.  They  are  curious  little  things,  very  strongly  punctured, 
with  setose  elytra,  and  an  immoderately  deep  quadrate  basal'thoracic 
impression,  matching  a  similar  one  at  the  base  of  the  elytra. 

While  tearing  up  an  old  pine  log  at  Victoria  in  company  with  a 
friend,  we  found  a  large  colony  of  Pthora  americana  Horn,  a  little 
insect  resembling  our  Dicedus pimdatus  in  appearance.  The  wood 
was  completely  rotten,  so  that  it  could  be  easily  be  broken  up  with 
the  aid  of  a  heavy  knife,  and  the  beetles  were  found  all  through  it 
instead  of  just  under  the  bark.  Cyncrus  depressus  is  found  in  pine 
at  Williams,  Ariz.,  just  beneath  the  bark. 

Under  the  sea-weed  along  Colorado  beach  were  plenty  of  Pha- 
leria  rotundata  sharing  their  ill-smelling  feast  with  Cercyon,  Saprinus 
and  numerous  Staphylinid^e.  Platydema  janus  Fab.  is  found  under 
the  bark  of  cottonwood  at  East  Bridge,  Ariz.,- and  P.  orego7iense 
under  pine  bark  from  Coeur  d'Alene,  Idaho,  to  Coolidge,  N.  Mex., 
with  Hypophloeus  substriatus. 

Hehps  is  found  under  sticks  and  rubbish,  especially  along  the 
river  bottoms  early  in  the  spring.  //  aitennatus  occurred  in  the 
Sierra  Madre  Mountains.  H.  arizoncnsis  and  two  undetermined 
species  along  the  little  Colorado,  and  H.  pernitens  at  Portland, 
Oreg.     Other  species  occur  in  Western  Wyoming. 


A  NEW  SPECIES  OF  BOTIS. 

BY  JOfiN  B.  SMITH. 

During  the  summer  of  1S89  I  received  from  Mr.  J.  T.  Brakeley, 
of  Bordentown,  N.  J.,  some  buds,  flowers,  seed  capsules,  as  well  as 
leaf  and  flower  stems  of  the  Egyptian  Lotus  all  badly  damaged  by 
a  lepidopterous  larva.  Mr.  Brakeley  informed  me  that  in  the  earlier 
stages  the  larvce  fed  exposed  upon  the  leaves,  but  soon  bored  into 


-89- 


the  stems,  buds  or  seed  capsules,  evincing  a  special  fondness  for  the 
latter.  The  specimens  received  by  me  were  nearly  full  grown,  pu- 
pated in  a  very  few  days  and  the  resulting  moths  were  declared  by 
"  authority"  as  a  new  species  generally  confused  with  Botis  penitalis. 
I  published  a  short  account  of  the  species  in  "  Garden  and  Forest" 
Feb.  19;  1890,  under  the  name  Botis  nelumbialis,  of  which  I  now 
offer  a  description: 

Botis  nehimbialis  n.  sp. — Ground  color  varying  from  a  pale,  clear  luteous 
to  a  ferruginous  reddish  luteous,  powdery,  all  the  intervening  shades  being- 
recognizable.  Head,  palpi  and  thorax  concolorous.  Primaries  with  t.  a. 
line  single,   upright,   with  three  subequal  outward  angulations.     T.   p.   line 


£j,  larva  from  above;  /',  single  seg- 
ment from  side;  c,  mandible;  d,  maxilla 
and  palpi;  e,  clypeus  ;  /,  aiUeniue;^, 
leg,  enlarged. 

tolerably  even,   inwardly  irregular, 
blotch  in  the  cell  bevond  the  t.  a. 


Botis  nehtmbiatis  and  varieties. 

single,  dusky,  widely  bent 
over  the  cell  and  there 
dentate  or  serrate,  then 
v\ith  a  long  incurve  on 
vein  2,  and  an  outward 
angulation  on  the  subme- 
dian  interspace.  Beyond 
the  t.  p.  line  is  a  broad 
dusky  shade  outwardly 
Fringes  dusky.  An  indefinite  dusky 
line  indicates  the  orbicular,  and  a  much 
larger  vague  blotch  beyond  the  end  of  the  cell  indicates  the  reniform.  These 
markings  may  be  all  completely  and  clearly  present,  or  all  save  the  transverse 
lines  may  be  obsolete,  or  on  the  other  hand  the  markings  may  be  obscure  and 
vague,  yet  all  traceable.  .Secondaries  paler,  thinner,  somewhat  glistening. 
A  variably  distinct  outer  band,  dusky  in  color,  and  an  extra  discal,  dentate, 
transverse  line  not  attaining  either  margin.  A  variably  distinct  discal  spot. 
Beneath  the  color  is  more  whitish,  primaries  with  an  outer  line  more  or  less 
indefinite,  a  vague  dusky  blotch  beyond  the  cell,  and  apical  region  dusky. 
Secondaries  with  the  maculation  of  upper  side  more  faintly  reproduced.  Ex- 
pands .87 — 1. 12  inches  ;  22 — -28  mm! 

This  species  has  a  little  the  appearance  of/?,  penitalis  Grt.,  and 
has  been  confused  with  that  species.  The  variable  characters  are  in 
the  ground  color,  in  the  size,  and  in  the  distinctness  of  maculation. 
A  small,  fully  marked  specimen  might  easily  be  taken  as  distinct 
from  the  larger  forms  in  which  the  markings  are  either  not  defined, 
or  obscured  by  powdery  atoms. 


— 90— 

Description  of  Mature  Larva. 
Length  21  mm.  =  .84  inch.  General  color  dirty  white,  often  with  a  red- 
dish brown  tinge  on  dorsum,  sometimes  forming  two  broad  brownish  bands. 
Head  luteous,  smooth  shining,  sparsely  set  with  hair,  maculate  with  small  red- 
brown  dots  which  sometimes  cover  nearly  the  entire  head,  but  more  usually 
make  a  triangular  blotch  on  the  vertex  and  a  lateral  oblique  band.  The  cer- 
vical shield  is  like  the  head,  and  is  similarly  maculate  with  brown.  Sometimes 
the  markings  are  faint  and  scarcely  noticeable,  and  sometimes  they  form  a 
distinct  central  mark  with  margins  of  shield  also  brown.  The  following  seo;- 
ments  to  the  12th  have  each  four  obvious  smooth  piliferous  spots,  scarcely 
tubercles,  each  bearing  a  single  hair.  They  are  all  on  the  anterior  part  of 
the  segment,  one  on  each  side  of  the  middle,  the  other  just  above  the  stigmata. 
On  segments  8  to  11  are  two  small,  smooth  dots,  bearing  each  a  single  hair 
on  the  posterior  part  of  the  segment.  Segment  12  has  a  smooth  square  in 
the  centre  bearing  two  hairs,  and  a  round,  smooth  spot  each  side.  Segment 
13  is  like  12,  save  that  the  spots  are  much  reduced,  and  there  is  an  oval  anal 
shield,  the  posterior  edge  of  which  is  roughened.  The  legs  are  whitish,  pro- 
legs  with  a  complete  circle  of  hooks.  In  general  form  the  larva  is  slightly 
depressed,  and  at  first  sight  resembles  a  noctuid  more  nearly  than  a  pyralid. 

The  larva  spins  a  rather  flattened  cocoon  of  a  quite  dense  tex- 
ture inside  the  stem  and  changes  to  a  blackish  brown  pupa  about  .56 
inches  ^  14  mm.  in  length.  The  pupa  is  quite  slender  compared 
with  the  larva,  the  wing  cases  long,  the  abdominal  segments  trans- 
versely wrinkled. 

The  duration  of  the  pupa  stage  is  short,  not  exceeding  ten  days 
and  probably  less. 

On  the  occasion  of  a  collecting  trip  to  the  sea-shore  by  Mr. 
Schwarz,  Mr.  Wenzel  and  ye  editor,  Mr.  Wenzel  suggested  that  it 
might  be  a  good  idea  in  order  to  promote  good  feeling  and  social 
intercourse  among  the  collectors  of  New  York,  Philadelphia  and 
intermediate  points,  to  arrange  for  a  field  meeting  at  some  central 
point.  The  suggestion  was  well  received,  and  at  a  recent  meeting 
of  the  Feltman  Collecting  Social  of  Philadelphia,  ye  editor  was  re- 
quested to  present  the  matter  to  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  So- 
ciety and  to  the  Newark  Entomological  Society.  The  latter  society 
at  their  last  meeting  in  February  acted  upon  the  suggestion,  appoint- 
ing Mr.  Machesney  and  ye  editor  a  committee  to  confer  with  com- 
mittees from  the  other  societies,  and  to  arrange  the  necessary  de- 
tails. The  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society,  likewise  took  favorable 
action  at  their  March  meeting,  appointing  Mr.  Roberts  and  ye  editor 
as  the  committee.  The  Feltman  Club  appointed  as  its  representa- 
tives Messrs.  Wenzel  and  Dr.  Castle.  In  an  informal  way  the  com- 
mittee has  considered  dates  and  localities,  the  former  being  rather 
definitely  set  as  July  4th,  while  the  locality  is  still  somewhat  indefi- 
nite. It  is  the  desire  of  the  committee  to  get  together  at  this  field 
meeting  as  many  of  the  entomologists  and  collectors  as  possible,  in 
order  that  they  may  become  personally  acquainted,  and  all,  whether 
members  of  the  vSocieties  named  or  not,  are  heartily  invited  to  join. 
Full  particulars  will  be  published  in  the  June  number  of  Ent.  Amer. 
and  ' '  Ent.  News. ' ' 


—91  — 
NEW  CALIFORNIA  HOMOPTERA. 

BY  E.   P.  VAN  DUZEE. 

(Continued  from  p.  So,  vol.  vi.) 

9.  Thamnotettix  atropunctata  n.  sp. 

Form  of  the  preceding,  but  smaller.  Color  bright  fulvous  brown;  head 
black  tinged  with  rufous,  especially  on  the  front.  Head,  pronotum  and  scu- 
tellum  with  twelve  black  dots,  arranged,  two  on  the  vertex,  a  row  of  eight  on 
the  anterior  margin  of  the  pronotum  and  on  the  disc  of  the  scutellum  two. 
Basal  angles  of  the  scutellum  with  a  black  spot.     Length  3.5  mm.,  female. 

Head  a  little  wider  than  the  pronotum,  obtusely  angled  before.  Verte.x 
about  one-half  longer  at  the>  middle  than  next  the  eye,  with  an  impressed 
central  line,  obsolete  before  the  apex.  Front  slightly  widened  above  the 
antennte,  the  sides  feebly  convex  toward  the  tip.  Clypeus  broad,  a  very 
Httle  widened  apically,  the  sides  straight;  apex  rounded  in  conformity  to  the 
curve  of  the  cheeks.  Lorae  large.  Cheeks  wide,  the  sides  feebly  arcuated, 
beneath  the  eyes  not  at  all  angled.  Entire  head  and  the  scutellum  punctured, 
the  apical  field  of  the  latter  more  coarsely  so.  Sides  of  the  pronotum 
rounded,  disc  obsoletely  rugulose  and  uneven. 

Color:  Vertex  pale  yellow,  suffused  with  rufous,  especially  toward  the 
apex,  where  there  is  a  brown  cloud,  interrupted  on  the  medial  line;  near  the 
posterior  margin  are  two  oval  black  spots,  placed  midway  between  the  im- 
pressed central  line  and  the  eyes,  and  a  small  brown  point  adjacent  to  each 
ocellus.  Face  pale  rufous,  apex  and  an  ill-defined  longitudinal  line  on  the 
middle  of  t*e  front  paler;  sutures  and  a  row  of  short  transverse  lines  on  each 
side  of  the  frontbrown;  be  low  the  eyes  an  indistinct  brownish  cloud  occupies 
the  disc  of  the  cheeks.  Pronotum  fulvous  brown  tinged  with  purple  before; 
anterior  submargin  with  a  row  of  eight  distinct  black  points,  the  two  on  either 
side  of  the  central  pair  slightly  advanced  beyond  the  line  of  the  others.  An 
oval  spot  within  each  basal  angle  of  the  scutellum,  two  dots  on  the  disc,  and 
the  transverse  line  black;  anterior  field  pale,  posterior  obscure  rufous.  Elytra 
bright  fulvous  brown  with  strong  coppery  reflections  produced  by  the  highly 
iridescent  wings  beneath;  nervures  distinct,  pale,  marked  with  whitish  where 
they  intercept  the  pale  sutural  nervure;  costal  nervure  pale  nearly  to  the 
apex.  Wings  smoky,  nervures  brown.  Legs  and  beneath  testaceous  brov\n; 
abdomen  suffused  with  rufous;  darker  on  the  disc;  pygofers  and  edge  of  the 
last  ventral  segment  pale,  the  former  shaded  with  rufous  brown  toward  the 
apex;  ovipositor  rufous;  spines  of  the  posterior  tibia;  pale. 

Ultimate  ventral  segment  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  preceding;  lateral 
angles  somewhat  obtusely  produced;  each  side  of  the  center  is  a  narrow  in- 
cision reaching  to  the  middle  of  the  disc,  leaving  a  square  central  tooth,  wtiich 
is  minutely  emarginate  at  its  apex.  Pygofers  broad,  with  a  few  stout  spines 
near  the  suture,  arranged  in  a  double  row. 

Described  from  a  single  female  (No.  630).  This  may  prove  but 
a  variety  of  the  preceding-,  but  the  dissimilar  coloring  and  the  form 
of  the  last  ventral  segment  would  seem  to  entitle  it  to  specific  dis- 
tinction. 


—92— 

10.  Thamnotettix  limbata  n.  s]?. 

Above  dark  brown;  costal  margin  of  the  ehtra  and  all  beneath  j-ello\v. 
Vertex  produced,  subacute.     Length  5  mm.,  male. 

Head  a  very  little  wider  than  the  pronotum.  \'ertex  flat,  its  length  equal 
to  its  breadth  on  the  hind  margin,  and  scarcely  less  than  the  length  of  the 
pronotum;  before  produced  to  a  subacute  point;  passage  to  the  front  rounded. 
Front  slightly  reflexed  above,  almost  encroaching  on  the  disc  of  the  vertex 
before;  ocelli  placed  at  about  one-third  the  distance  from  the  eye  to  the  tip 
of  the  vertex  and  well  up  on  the  anterior  rounded  edge  of  the  head,  distinctly 
visible  on  the  margin  of  the  vertex  when  viewed  from  above.  Sides  of  the 
front  almost  straight.  Clypeus  broad,  rounded  at  the  extremity,  a  little  con- 
stricted near  the  base.  Lorae  long,  of  moderate  width.  Cheeks  narrow,  sides 
nearly  straight,  a  little  waved  below  the  eyes,  exterior  to  the  lorae  very  nar- 
row. Elytra  long  and  narrow;  costa  feebly  convex,  costal  area  with  several 
supernumerary  transverse  nervures  near  the  apex. 

Color:  Head  pale  yellow;  front  embrowned,  a  few  transverse  arcs  above 
and  the  central  line,  pale;  vertex  washed  with  brown,  before  the  posterior 
margin  with  two  short  oblique  lines  placed  near  the  eyes  and  an  abbreviated 
central  impressed  line,  darker  brown,  eyes  black.  Pronotum  clear  pale 
brown,  darker  on  the  anterior  margin,  where  there  are  some  irregular  pale 
lines  forming  an  annulus  behind  each  eye  and  leaving  two  brown  points  on  a 
pale  area  at  the  apex.  Scutellum  brown,  darker  than  the  pronotum.  Elytra 
blackish  brown;  broad  costal  margin  bright  sulphur^yellow,  before  the  apical 
areoles  with  three  or  four  small  hyaline  cells  formed  by  a  few  extra  transverse 
nervures;  discal  nervures  pale  brown,  paler  toward  the  apex  on  the  yellow- 
costal  area  concolorous.  Wings  smoky  iridescent,  with  brown  nervures. 
Beneath  clear  yellow;  dot  at  the  base  of  the  tibial  spines  and  apex  of  the 
tarsal  joint  blackish.  Abdomen  black,  narrow  margin  of  the  tergum  and 
the  venter  yellow;  plates  with  an  abbreviated  blackish  central  line  at  base, 
the  tips  infuscated. 

Genital  pieces:  Valve  very  short  and  broad,  apical  margin  a  very  little 
convex;  plates  long,  gradually  narrowed  to  the  apex;  margin  heavily  fringed 
with  long  white  hairs,  especially  toward  the  base;  submargin  with  a  row  of 
about  ten  stout  spines;  apex  of  the  pygofers  with  a  dense  cluster  of  similar, 
but  larger  spines. 

Described  from  a  sinyle  male  example  (No.  612).  In  general 
form  this  insect  has  much  the  appearance  of  a  small  Tettigonia, 
while  in  the  position  of  the  ocelli  it  approaches  Acocephahis.  It 
appears  to  sustain  about  the  same  relationship  to  Thamnotettix  as 
does  the  genus  Anoterosteiiima  L.  to  Athysanus,  but  the  former 
genera  are  perhaps  less  widely  differentiated  than  the  latter. 

11.  AUygus  inscriptus  n.  sp. 

IJroad  oval,  or  almost  oblong.  Pale  testaceous,  more  or  less  tinged  with 
yellowish  on  the  vertex,  irrorate  with  darker  on  the  thorax;  elytra  clouded 
w'ith  fulvous;  marked  with  whitish  on  some  of  the  basal  areoles  and  trans- 
versely banded  with  the  same  color  near  the  middle,  the  fulvous  areas  spar- 
ingly inscribed.     Length  4 — 5  mm. 

Head  scarcely  narrower  than  the  pronotum.  Vertex  bluntly  triangular, 
about  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  pronotum,  the  apex  obtusely  rounded; 


—93  — 

surface  with  a  slijiht  transverse  depression  l)efore  the  tip.  This  depression 
and  an  impressed  Hne  from  it  to  the  hind  margin  are  marked  with  pale  brown, 
and  six  dots  are  faintly  indicated,  two  just  behind  the  apex,  two  smaller 
ones  on  either  side  of  these  and  two  faint  ones  behind  the  hind  margin  near 
the  eyes,  some  or  all  of  which  ma}'  be  obsolete.  Face  broad,  obtuse;  cheeks 
very  obtusely  angled  below  the  eyes;  front  truncate  ovate,  at  least  twice  as 
broad  at  the  ocelli  as  at  the  clypeus;  the  latter  widened  toward  the  tip,  which 
is  obtusely  triangular,  and  extends  a  little  beyond  the  lorje;  lorae  broad,  to- 
gether almost  circular  in  form;  cheeks  barely  surpassing  the  lorse.  Face 
whitish  testaceous,  tinged  with  yellowish  on  the  front;  sutures  of  the  lorae 
embrowned. 

Pronotum  broadly  rounded  before,  truncate  behind;  sides  very  short,  the 
latero-posterior  margin  reaching  almost  to  the  eye;  lateral  angles  rounded. 
Surface  obscurely  irrorate  or  mottled,  darker  on  the  disc;  beneath  whitish. 
Scutellum  about  as  long  as  the  pronotum;  the  basal  angles  and  a  transverse 
impressed  line  dusky  or  brown;  the  narrow  edge  more  or  less  distinctly  al- 
ternated with  brown  and  wiiite.  Elytra  whitish  hyaline,  paler  toward  the 
apex;  broadly  clouded  with  fulvous  from  near  the  base  to  the  middle,  and 
from  beyond  the  middle  nearly  to  the  apex,  leaving  a  central  transverse 
whitish  band;  tip  of  the  clavus  dark  brown;  nervures  brown,  on  the  costa  and 
apex  margined  with  the  same  color;  apex  with  a  submarginal  dusky  band;, 
discal  areoles  on  the  clavus  and  corium  sparingly  inscribed  with  brown 
within  the  fulvous  areas.  Wings  pale  smoky  hyaline,  iridescent.  Legs  white 
with  black  points  at  the  base  of  the  tibial  spines.  Venter  pale,  somewhat 
blackish  toward  the  base  and  on  the  connexivum;  terminal  segment  about 
the  width  of  the  preceding,  truncate,  the  two  edges  parallel.  \'alve  very 
short-triangular,  about  the  length  of  the  last  ventral  segment.  Plates  together 
a  little  longer  than  broad;  their  sides  fringed  with  long  pale  bristles. 

Described  from  two  males  (No.  222).  A  third  male  (No.  259) 
differs  from  the  others  in  being  larger,  with  a  shorter,  obtusely 
rounded  vertex,  the  markings  on  which  are  darker;  on  the  front  a 
double  series  of  transverse  lines  and  the  sutures  are  brown;  the  elytra 
are  paler  with  the  fulvous  areas  much  reduced,  leaving  the  transverse 
band  but  feebly  contrasted.  It  is  not  impossible  that  individuals 
may  yet  be  taken  connecting  this  species  with  Athysmius  irrorellus 
Stal,  but  the  present  material  cannot  be  referred  to  wStal's  species 
without  doing  violence  to  any  reasonable  interpretation  of  his  de- 
scription or  of  the  specific  characters  known  to  obtain  here. 

This  is  a  true  Allygus,  agreeing  with  A.  uiixtus  Germ,  in  all 
important  characters,  and  is  the  only  North  American  species  of 
this  genus  known  to  me.  Jassus  irrorahis  Say  and  its  numerous 
allies  have  but  one  connecting  nervure  between  the  branches  of  the 
first  and  second  sector  on  the  elytra,  and  belong  to  Phlepsuis  Fieber. 
This  apparently  trivial,  and  not  infrequently  variable  character,  seems 
almost  inadequate  for  use  in  separating  groups  of  genera,  but  cor- 
related as  it  is  with  other  structural  peculiarities  of  which  it  is  the 
most  pronounced,  it  appears  to  answer  well  the  purpose  of  its  em- 


—  94— 

ployment,  and  is  much  used  by  Fieber  and  other  European  ento- 
mologists in  synoptical  arrangements  of  the  genera. 

12.  Platymetopus  elegans  n.  sp. 

Form  of  1'.  acutus.  Cinereous;  beneath  and  a  broad  dorsal  stripe  from 
the  middle  of  the  vertex  to  the  tip  of  the  clavus  pale  yellow.  Length  5  mm., 
female. 

Head  narrower  than  the  pronotum;  length  of  the  vertex  about  one-half 
greater  than  its  width  between  the  eyes;  sides  of  the  narrow  front  broadly 
waved,  contracted  at  the  anteftnse,  a  little  widened  below  and  again  narrowed 
to  the  apex.  Clypeus  long,  narrowed  at  base,  widened  at  the  rounded  apex, 
which  distinctly  surpasses  the  cheeks.  Lorae  long,  at  their  greatest  breadth 
a  little  wider  than  the  apex  of  the  front.  Cheeks  broad,  triangular,  almost 
covering  the  propleurae.  Pronotum  a  little  longer  than  in  acutus,  three-fifths 
the  length  of  the  vertex;  the  angles  prominent,  obtuse.  Elytra  a  little  nar- 
rowed toward  the  apex,  not  so  wide  as  in  P.  acutus,  the  costal  area  with  about 
eight  strong  transverse  nervures.  Rostrum  reaching  the  base  of  the  inter- 
mediate trochanters. 

Color:  Vertex  cinereous  before,  yellow  on  the  posterior  disc;  cinereous 
portion  crossed  by  three  longitudinal  yellowish  white  vittae,  distinguished 
from  the  disc  by  slender  brown  lines;  the  central  vitta  begins  at  the  tip  of  the 
vertex,  where  it  is  distinct,  and  loses  itself  .posteriorly  in  the  yellow  disc  be- 
tween the  lateral  vittae;  these  lay  adjoining  the  central  vitta  and  become  ob- 
solete before  attaining  the  apex;  close  to  each  eye  is  an  elongated  whitish 
spot,  more  or  less  obvious;  margin  of  the  head  with  a  double  slender  fuscous 
line  leaving  the  extreme  edge  pale.  Face  yellow,  pale  below,  with  a  broad 
cinereous  band  on  the  base  of  the  front,  on  the  lower  or  apical  edge  of 
which  is  a  V-shaped  white  line  edged  with  blackish.  Ocelli  fulvous.  Eyes 
rufous,  bordered  behind  with  pale.  Antennae  white,  setae  brown;  pronotum 
yellow,  slightly  discolored  on  the  disc  by  the  black  mesonotum  beneath; 
sides  with  two  broad  cinereous  bands  behind  each  eye,  edged  with  a  blackish 
hne  and  separated  from  each  other  and  from  the  blackish  lateral  margin  by 
narrow  stripes  of  the  yellow  ground  color.  Exposed  surface  of  the  propleura, 
the  meso-  and  meta-pleura  outwardly,  and  the  entire  scutellum  sulphur-yellow; 
sternum  and  legs  soiled  white;  tip  of  the  tibia;  and  the  tarsal  joints  em- 
browned, the  tibial  spines  inserted  in  black  points;  claws  black.  Elytra  pale 
brownish  cinereous,  subhyaline;  broad  costal  margin  and  two  or  three  ob- 
scure, irregular,  transverse  bands  on  the  corium  whitish  hyaline;  clavus,  ex- 
cepting an  obscure  cinereous  cloud  along  the  outer  basal  margin  pale  yellox^-; 
surface  of  the  clavus  and  disc  of  the  corium  irregularly  sprinkled  with  obscure 
pale  rufous  dots  and  blotches;  cinereous  areas  sparingly  and  very  minutely 
inscribed  with  fuscous;  transverse  costal  and  apical  nervures  and  some  spots 
on  the  discal  nervures  dark  brown,  heavy;  apical  submargin  with  a  brown 
band.  Venter  pale  testaceous,  inclined  to  cinereous  in  spots,  and  marked 
more  or  less  broadly  with  black  on  the  base  of  the  connexivum;  apex  of  the 
pygofers  and  an  area  on  the  posterior  margin  of  the  ultimate  ventral  seg- 
ment also  black. 

Last  ventral  segment  moderately  long,  with  an  obscure  central  carina; 
posterior  margin  broadly  rounded,  with  a  minute  central  notch. 

Described  from  a  single  female  example  (No.  610).     This  spe- 
cies shows  no  indications  of  the  oval  white  or  hyaline  elytral  spots 


—  95— 

found  in  our  other  American  species  o(  P/atyiiw/opiits,  and  seems  to 
be  a  verv  distinct  form. 

13.  Deltocephalus  coquilletti  n.  sp. 

l'\)rin  lu-arlv  of  /^.  debi/is  Uhl.,  but  somewhat  l)r()ader,  witli  a  shorter 
vertex.  Bhick,  head  and  pronotum  with  four  transverse  white  or  fulvous 
bands;  elytra  with  as  many  oblique  or  transverse  white  lines.  I^ength:  male, 
4  mm.;  female,  5  mm. 

Head  a  little  wider  than  the  pronotum.  X'ertex  Hat,  sharply,  but  bluntly 
angled  before;  length  at  the  center  equal  to  tliree-fifths  of  the  width  on  the 
hind  margin,  and  three-quarters  the  length  of  the  pronotum  ;  passage  to  the 
front  subacute.  Face  broad,  front  narrow,  occupying  hardly  more  than  one- 
half  the  space  between  the  eyes,  moderately  narrowed  toward  the  apex  ; 
sides  constricted  opposite  the  antenna?.  Ocelli  situated  a  little  less  than  one- 
halfway  from  the  eye  to  the  apex  of  ihe  head.  Clypeus  narrow,  sides  straight, 
or  nearly  so,  apex  rounded.  Lorae  long,  about  as  wide  as  the  clypeus. 
Cheeks  broad,  well  angled  below  the  eyes,  very  narrow  beyond  the  lorae. 
Pronotum  short  and  broad,  almost  oblong  ;  anterior  margin  feebly  rounded, 
posterior  straight ;  sides  long,  viewed  from  above  almost  straight,  the  angle 
to  the  posterior  margin  well  rounded  ;  the  latero-posterior  margins' not  dis- 
tinct from  the  sides.  Scutellum  broad,  almost  as  long  as  the  pronotum, 
closely  punctured.  Elytra  broad,  apex  truncated  ;  longitudinal  nervures 
distinct,  transverse  obscured  by  the  white  lines.  First  apical  areole  of 
the  wing  broad  on  the  base.  Face,  legs  and  entire  lower  surface  finely  and 
closely  punctured. 

Color  dark  brown  or  black  ;  vertex,  pronotum  and  clavus  polished  black; 
scutellum  dull.  Anterior  and  posterior  margins  of  the  vertex  and  a  trans- 
verse band  on  the  disc  of  the  pronotum,  obsolete  before  reaching  the 
sides,  fulvous  ;  lateral  and  posterior  margins  of  the  pronotum  broadly  white; 
medial  line  of  the  scutellum,  two  dots  anteriorly  on  the  disc,  and  two  mar- 
ginal ones  before  the  apex,  fulvous  ;  ocelli  bright  fulvous  ;  face  deep  black 
with  a  broad  transverse  fulvous  band  on  the  middle,  curved  to  correspond 
very  nearly  with  the  superior  edge.  Legs,  tergum  and  all  beneath  deep 
black  ;  anterior  and  intermediate  tibiae  and  tarsi,  apex  of  the  posterior 
coxae  and  the  genitalia,  brown  ;  outer  edges  of  all  the  tibiae  and  their  spines 
soiled  white,  the  abdominal  segments  narrowly  margined  with  the  same 
color.  Antennae  black;  setae  brown,  pale  at  base.  Elytra  dark  brown;  clavus, 
basal  areole  of  the  corium  and  margin  of  all  the  nervures  as  far  as  the 
apical  areoles,  black;  nervures,  except  at  the  apex,  white;  a  broad  band  on 
the  apex  of  the  basal  areole  extended  posteriorly  along  the  inner  sector, 
another  on  the  base  of  the  antiapical  areoles,  the  claval  nervures  broadly  and 
the  apical  margin  narrowly,  ivory-white.  Wings  deep  smoky,  hyaline; 
iridescent;  nervures,  slender,  fuscous. 

Genital  pieces. — Male:  valve  broad,  triangular,  apex  roiuided;  plates 
broad,  convex,  together  semicircular  in  form,  fringed  with  soft  white  hairs, 
the  submargin  with  a  row  of  stout  bristles;  on  the  disc,  near  the  apex,  there 
is,  in  some  examples,  a  small  pale  spot. 

Female. — Last  ventral  segment  one  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  the  pre- 
ceding, narrow  and  compressed  on  the  sides  so  as  to  inclose  the  base  of 
the  py gofers,  the  apex  feebly  concave  across  its  whole  width;  pygofers  long 


-96- 

and  ratlier  narrow,  the  inner  margin  and  apex  narrowly  pale  and  sparsely 
covered  with  short  bristles. 

Described  from  three  males  and  two  females  (No.  6ii).  The 
number  of  brown  marks  beneath  and  the  extent  of  the  white  bands 
above  is- subject  to  some  variation.  It  is  with  pleasure  that  I  dedi- 
cate this  large  and  striking  species  to  the  well-known  scientist  who 
has  been  instrumental  in  bringing  to  our  knowledge  this  and  many 
other  rare  and  interesting  insects. 

14.  Deltocephalus  minutus  n.  sp. 

Above  pale  greenish  yeMow;  vertex  with  two  oblique  fulvous  spots  on 
the  disc;  tergum  and  all  beneath  deep  black.     Length  2.25  mm. 

Head  a  little  wider  than  the  pronotum  ;  anterior  edge  well  rounded. 
\"ertex  almost  as  long  as  the  pronotum;  anterior  angle  obtuse,  surface  a  little 
sloping.  Front  short  and  broad,  transversely  convex,  its  length  and  breadth 
subequal.  Clypeus  about  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  front,  regularly  nar- 
rowed to  the  apex,  margin  almost  rectilinear.  Lorae  small,  extending  about 
two-thirds  the  length  of  the  clypeus.  Cheeks  wide,  strongly  angled  just 
below  the  eyes;  margin  beyond  the  lorse  broad,  reaching  the  apex  of  the 
clypeus.  Anterior  margin  of  the  pronotum  strongly  rounded,  hind  margin 
feebly,  angularly,  concave;  sides  very  short;  latero-posterior  margins  straight 
and  oblique,  the  angles  obtuse.  .Scutellum  small.  Elytra  longer  than  the 
abdomen,  narrow,  the  costal  margin  but  feebly  convex;  apical  areoles  large. 

Color  :  X'ertex  including  the  fore  margin  to  before  the  ocelli,  yellow; 
posterior  disc  with  two  approximate  oblique  fulvous  spots  which  diverge  an- 
teriorly; apex  sometimes  with  two  minute  black  points.  Eyes  and  ocelli 
black.  Face  deep  black;  outer  angles  of  the  cheeks  below  the  eyes,  two 
small  points  on  the  base  of  the  clypeus,  another  at  the  outer  edge  of  the 
lorte,  and  in  some  examples  faint  indications  of  the  transverse  lines  on  the 
front,  yellow.  Base  of  the  rostrum  pale.  Antennae  brown,  apex  of  the  first 
joint  pale.  Pronotum  pale  yellow,  sometimes  tinged  with  green;  anterior 
margin  sligjitly  uneven.  Elytra  whitish  hyaline,  tinged  more  or  less  strongly 
with  greenish  yellow  toward  the  base.  Nervures  pale  yellow.  Wings  hya- 
line, feebly  iridescent;  nervures  pale  brown,  inconspicuous.  Legs  testaceous 
brown;  femora  and  some  dots  on  the  posterior  tibiae  black.  Abdomen  black; 
edge  of  the  connexivum  and  posterior  margin  of  the  last  dorsal  segment 
yellow;  inner  edge  and  apex  of  the  plates  testaceous. 

Genital  pieces. — Male  :  Last  ventral  segment  rather  deeply  concave. 
Valve  broad  and  short,  apical  margin  obtusely  triangular.  Plates  triangular, 
their  ape.x  produced,  the  submargin  with  a  few  short  bristles.  Styles  ex- 
tended beyond  the  tip  of  the  plates,  toward  their  apex  fringed  with  numerous 
stout  bristles.  Pygofers  short,  below  thickly  covered  with  short  white  hairs, 
above  and  toward  the  apex  with  stout  dusky  bristles. 

Described  from  three  males  (No.  610);  females  unknown  to  me. 
This  minute  species  bears  a  marked  resemblance  to  D.  melsheimerii 
Fitch,  than  which  it  is  almost  one-half  smaller.  It  still  more  closely 
resembles  specimens  of  D.  minkii  Fieber,  collected  in  Quebec,  and 
kindly  furnished  me  by  M.  L' Abbe  Provancher.  The  fulvous  mark- 
ings on  the  vertex  are  variable  in  extent  as  is  the  number  of  pale 
spots  on  the  face. 


—97— 
SYNOPSES  OF  CERAMBYCIDiE. 

BY    CHARLES    W.    LENG,    B.    S. 

(Continued  from  p.  69,  vol.  vi.) 

PACHYTA   Serville. 
Prothorax  acutely  armed  at  the  sides;    eyes  moderate,   feebly 
emarginate  ;  tibial  spurs  terminal  as  usual.       The  species  may  be 
separated  as  follows  : 

Elytra  slightly  tapered,  maculate,  nearly  rounded  at  tip      .     .     .      montlcola. 
Elytra  strongly  narrowed  behind,  testaceous,  maculate  or  black,  feebly  trun- 
cate and  dehiscent liturata. 

Elytra  strongly  narrowed  behind,  truncate  and  subbidentate  at  tip,  posterity- 
half  of  side  margin  black,  reaching  suture  at  tip     .     .     .     .     armata. 
Elytra    subparallel,    subaeneous    with    narrow    transverse    band    wavy,    tip 

rounded rugipennis. 

Elytra  subparallel,  testaceous,  truncate  at  tip spnrca. 

P.  monticola  Rand.  Bost.  Jour.  II,  p. 27.     Lee.  Agass.  L.  Sup.  p.  235,  t  8,  f 
12,  a.  b. 
Length  9  mm.  =  .36  in.     Habitat. — Maine,  Mass.,  N.  Y.,  Can.,  L.  S., 

Anticosti. 

Black,  elytra  finely  and  densely  pubescent,  testaceous  with  tip 

and  four  black  spots,  nearly  confluent  along  a  line  near  the  suture. 

P.  liturata  Kirby,  Fn,  Bor.  Am.,  IV,  1837,  p.  178;  Mann.  Bull,  Mosc.  1852,  II, 

p.  367;  nitens,  Lee.  1.  c.  p.  235;  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  I,  p.  319. 

Length  15 — 18  mm.  =  .60 — .72  in.    Hab. — L.  Sup.,  Col.,  \'t.,  Mich.,  Id., 

N.  Me.x.,  Wy.,  W.  T.,  Alaska,  Vane. 
Black,  elytra  coarsely  and  confluently  punctured,  glabrous,  hu- 
meri prominent,  testaceous,  vaguely  or  decidedly  quadrimaculate 
with  black  or  entirely  black.      Antennae  short  and  very  stout  9  ,  or 
about  half  the  length  of  body  and  more  slender  S  . 
P.  armata  Lee,  S.  M.  C,  No.  264,  1873,  p.  207. 

Length  16—19  mm.  =  .64— .76  in.     Hab.—\N.  T.,  Or.,  Id. 

Black,  elytra  punctured  as  in  preceding,  humeri  prominent  and 
disc  very  convex  behind  the  base,  testaceous  with  black  space  ex- 
tending from  suture  at  tip  oblicjuely  to  the  middle  of  the  margin. 
Antennae,  9  ,  half  as  long;    $  ,  nearly  as  long  as  body. 
P.  ragipennis  Lee.  1.  c.  (Newn.  ms.). 

Length  13— 16  mm.  =  .51— .64  in.     Hab.— Can. 

Black,  subaeneous,  antennae,  femora  and  base  of  tibiae  ferrugi- 
nous. The  sculpture  of  the  elytra  consists  of  a  reticulation  of  smooth, 
strongly  elevated  lines  with  the  depressed  spaces  coarsely  punctured ; 
from  the  punctures  proceed  rather  coarse  golden  hairs.  Antennae: 
%  ,  two-thirds  as  long  as  body:    9  ,  shorter. 


p.  spurca  Lee.  Ent.  Kept.,  1857,  p.  63;  cervinus  Walker,  Nat.   Vane,  1S66, 

n,  p.  332. 

Length  23  mm.  =  .92  in.     Hab. — Cal.,  Vane,  Nev. 

Testaceous,  elytra  rather  coarsely  punctured  and  with  faint 
traces  of  costae,  fairly  pubescent,  each  with  a  small  dusky  spot  at  the 
middle  near  the  margin.     Antennae:  ^  ,  as  long  as  body ;   9  ,  shorter. 

ANTHOPHILAX  LeConte. 

Synoptic  Table  by  Dr.  George  H.  Horn. 

Antennae  slender,  third  joint  much  longer  than  fourth. 
Elytra  coarsely  punctate  scabrous,  more  or  less  metallic. 

Elytra  greenish  blue;  legs  black viridis  $. 

Elytra  cupreo-aeneous  to  blue;  legs  pale malachitiCUS  rf . 

Elytra  testaceous,  irregularly  maculate  with  piceous  spots. 

Surface  coarsely  sparsely  punctate,  and  with  small  spaces  which  are 
distinctly  pubesecent;  median  line  of  thorax  distmctly  impressed. 

attenuatus 
Antennae  stouter,   third  and  fourth  joints  short,  stout  and   nearly  equal  in 
length. 
Elytra  impunctate,  dull  velvety  red,  scutellar  region  and  apex  black. 

miriiicus  c?. 
Elytra    coarsely   punctate,  scabrous  at  basal  half   abruptly  smoother  at 

apical  half;  wholly  black miriiicus  ? . 

Elytra  coarsely  not  closely  punctate  at  basal  half,   abruptly  smootlier  at 
apical  half;  wholly  black teuebrosus  ?  . 

Thorax  convex  in  teuebrosus,  broadly  longitudinally  sulcate  in 
mirificus  $  and  %  .  I  suspect  that  viridis  and  malachiticus  are 
sexes  of  one  species. — Geo.  H.  Horn. 

A.  viridis  Lee.  Agass.  L.  Sup.  p.  236,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  326. 

Length .     Hab. — Lake  Sup.,  Mich. 

A.  malachiticus  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  1847,  p.  64;  Lee.  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2, 
I,  p.  326;  cyaiieus.  Hald.,  Proe.  Ac.  Phil,  iii,  p.  151. 
Length  13  mm,  =  .52  in.     Hab. — .Somerset  Co.,  Pa.;  Lake  Sup.,  Mich., 
Can.,  Mass. 
A.  attenuatus  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  F'hil.  x   1847,  p.  59;  Lee.  Agass.  L.  Sup.,  p. 
235;  J.  A.  P.  2,  I,  p.  319. 
Length  14  mm.  =  .56  in.    //(?(^.— Eagle  Harbor,  Lake  Sup.,  N.  B.,  S.W. 
Virginia. 
A.  mirificus  Bland,  Proe.  Ent.  Soe.,  1865,  p.  382;  vemistus  Bland,  I.e.   9- 

Lengtli  14 — 19  mm.  =  .56^.75  in.     Hab. — Col.,  Id. 
A.  teuebrosus  Lee.  S.  M.  C,  No.  264,  1873,  p.  208. 
Length  12  mm.  =  48  in.     Hab. — S.  E.  Cal. 

The  species  of  Anthophilax  seem  to  be  very  rare  in  collections, 
and  I  regret  that  the  genus  is  very  poorly  represented  in  my  own. 


—99— 
On  the  Habits  of  Phlceophagus  and  Stenoscelis. 

BY  FRANK  H.   CHITTENDEN. 

Our  two  native  species  of  Phloeophagus  live  in  the  dead  wood 
of  various  deciduous  trees,  sometimes  occurring  together  and  fre- 
quently also  in  company  with  a  closely  related  species,  Stenoscelis 
brevis  Boh.  Sly  observations  would  indicate  that  the  three  species 
are  of  nearly  identical  habits.  The  mature  insects  pass  a  considerable 
portion  of  their  existence  in  the  mines  which  they  excavate  in  wood, 
seldom  appearing  abroad  or  on  the  wing,  and  it  is  owing  to  their 
habits  that  these  somewhat  common  beetles  are  seldom  taken  by 
collectors  in  any  numbers. 

Small  round  holes  resembling  pin-holes  made  by  the  adult 
Phl(£ophao;i  in  their  egress  from  their  living  quarters  may  frequently 
be  seen  thickly  scattered  over  the  dead,  bare  portions  of  a  variety 
of  trees.  The  similar,  larger  holes  of  Stenoscelis  brvis  are  usually  to 
be  found  in  the  same  situations.  It  may  be  worth  while  to  mention 
that  I  have  always  observed  these  species  in  the  dead  portions  of 
living  trees,  or  in  the  upright  trunks  of  dead  trees  and  only  in  parts 
that  had  been  denuded  of  bark.  I  have  never  taken  them  from  logs 
or  the  smaller  branches  of  trees,  and  have  never  known  an  instance 
of  their  boring  through  or  living  under  bark. 

The  larvae  occur  with  the  imagines,  and  though  the  two  genera 
occur  together,  it  is  not  difficult  to  separate  them.  The  pupal  stage 
is  doubtless,  of  brief  duration,  as  I  have  never  succeeded  in  securing 
a  single  specimen. 

Phlceophagus  apionides  Horn  was  observed  on  a  dead  birch  tree 
in  July,  and  both  larvae  and  beetles  occurred  in  April  in  a  stump  of 
wild  black  cherry  (Prunus  serotina). 

P.  minor  Horn  I  have  found  in  greater  abundance  than  the 
above.  It  was  taken  from  birch,  willow  and  elm  wood  in  July  and 
November.  Both  species  have  been  cut  from  ash  by  Mr.  William 
Jiilich  ( Ent.  Amer.  vol.  iv,  p.  35). 

P.  spadix  Hbst. ,  an  imported  species,  was  found  on  the  sea- 
beach  by  Mr.  Jiilich  (1.  c.)  in  water-soaked  pine  drift  wood. 

Stenoscelis  brevis  Boh.  is  more  common  than  any  of  the  above. 
I  have  observed  it  on  the  following  trees:  basswood,  beech,  birch, 
butternut,  elm,  maple,  sycamore,  willow  and  pAiropean  linden. 
Specimens  were  taken  from  the  wood  in  October,  November,  De- 
cember, January,  May  and  July,  and  were  found  abroad  in  the  last 
two  months  crawlin<r  about  on  the  infested  trees. 


lOO — 

SOCIETY  NEWS. 

Brooklyn  Entomological  Society.— Meeting  March  4th.  Present 
Prof.  John  B.  Smith  in  the  chair  and  seventy-five  persons.  Minutes  of  the  last 
meeting,  the  Treasurer's  report  for  February,  and  the  report  of  the  Librarian 
were  read  and  approved.  The  appropriation  of  |r5o  for  the  support  of  the 
Entomologica  Americana  for  1890,  by  the  council  of  the  Institute  under 
certain  conditions,  was  referred  to  the  Executive  Committee  for  report. 
Messrs.  J.  B.  Smith  and  C.  H.  Roberts  were  appointed  a  committee  to  confer 
with  committees  from  the  Newark  and  Philadelphia  Entomological  Societies 
as  to  date  of  a  joint  field  meeting  of  the  members  of  the  several  societies 
during  the  coming  season.  Messrs.  Rodrigues  Ottolengui,  of  486  Vanderbilt 
Avenue,  Brooklyn,  and  Martin  H.  Wilckens.  of  261  Henry  Street,  Brooklyn, 
members  of  the  Institute,  were  elected  to  membership  in  the  Society.  The 
exchange  of  the  Entomologica  Americana  with  the  "  Entomological  News^' 
was  approved. 

Mr.  Zabriskie  exhibited  male  and  female  of  the  Diomorus  Zabriskii 
Cress.,  a  hymenopterous  parasite  on  the  bee,  Ceratina  diipla  Say,  and  the 
wasp  Crabro  stirpicola  Pack.,  together  with  enlarged  diagrams  showing  the 
structure  of  the  external  organs.  This  parasite  is  the  only  recorded  species 
of  its  genus  in  this  country,  and  had  been  only  seen  by  him  on  two  occasions 
when  reared  from  nests  of  the  above  hosts  in  stems  of  cultivated  Black  Rasp- 
berry. 

Mr.  Hulst  spoke  at  length  upon  "the  Phycitidae  of  North  America," 
illustrating  his  remarks  by  charts  and  black-board  sketches  of  structure. 
He  first  gave  a  history  of  the  family  from  the  time  of  Linnaeus  to  the  present. 
He  then  explained  what  a  Phycitid  was,  showing  how  the  family  was  sepa- 
rated structurally  from  the  rest  of  the  Lepidoptera. 

A  description  was  then  given  of  the  eggs  and  of  the  larvae  and  their 
habits,  some  .of  which  infest  berries,  others  flour,  meal,  canned  and  dried 
fruits  ;  some  are  twig  borers,  other  live  in  silken  cocoons  among  leaves.  One 
has  the  remarkable  habit  of  living  upon  bark  lice,  and  was  the  first  known 
instance  of  a  North  American  caterpillar  having  that  habit. 

After  this  the  imago  was  taken  up,  and  the  structure  of  all  the  organs  was 
explained  in  detail.  Mr.  Hulst  took  the  ground  that  the  bitufted  maxillary 
palpi  which  some  of  the  males  have,  allied  them  very  closely  to  the  Epipas- 
chiidae.  He  also  showed  that  the  structure  of  the  (^  genitalia  separated  them 
into  two  distinct  groups. 

Mr.  Hulst  afterwards  exhibited  his  collection  of  North  American  Phyci- 
tidae,  in  which  are  found  the  original  types  of  nearly  half  the  known  species, 
and  typical  specimens  of  a  large  proportion  of  the  rest. 

The  meeting  adjourned  after  an  explanation  of  a  number  of  stereopticon 
views  by  Prof.  Smith. 

A.  C.  Weeks, 

Recording  Secretary. 


AmerigAna 


VOL  VI. 


BROOKLYN,  JUNE,  1890. 


No.  6. 


THE  BLACK  PEACH  APHIS. 

A  new  species  of  the  genus  Aphis. 

By  Erwix  F.  Smith,  Sc.  D.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Aphis  persicae-niger  n.  sp. 

WiNGKi)  \iviPAROus  FEMALE  [  psciidogyiia  luigraiis). — Antennae  as  long 
as  the  body,  sometimes  a  little  longer  or  shorter,  black  or  dark  brown,  borne 
on  widely  separate,  inconspicuous  tubercles,  joints  imbricated,  vi  and  vii  con- 
spicuously so,  the  seventh  always  a  little  longer  than  the  third;  iii,  0.49 — 0.56 
mm.;  iv,  0.33 — 0.40  mm.;  v,  0.20 — 0.29  mm.;  vi,  c.09 — o.ii  mm.;  vii,  0.47 — 
0.61  mm.;  sensoria  rather  large  (o.oi — 0.02  mm.)  ringed  and  distinct,  numer- 
ous and  very  protuberant,  giving  to  the  under  surface  of  the  antennae  a 
strongly  tuberculate,  almost  serrate  character,  about  40  on  iii  in  three  irreg- 
ular rows,  about  20  on  iv  in  two  rows,  5  or  6  on  v  in  one  row,  and  a  group 
(4 — 6)  on  the  rather  broad  distal  end  of  vi,  one  of  them  longer  than  the 
others.  Beak  0.69 — 0.96  mm.,  usually  not  much  more  than  reaching  to  the 
second  pair  of  coxae.  Thorax  arched  with  a  conspicuous  button-like  tubercle 
between  the  wings,  black  shining.  Legs  parti-colored;  tarsi  and  tips  of  tibiae 
(distal  one-fourth  or  one-fifth)  black  or  dark  brown,  coxae  and  distal  portion 
of  femora  (two-thirds,  more  or  less)  also  dark,  the  rest  pale  or  yellowish; 
femora  smooth,  or  nearly  so;  tibiae  rather  evenly  and  strongly  spined  beneath; 
tarsi  0.12,7  mm-  Wings  hyaline,  slightly  irridescent,  no  dusky  patches  or 
bands,  stigma  pale,  rather  broad  (0.15  nun.).  Abdomen  somewhat  con- 
stricted at  junction  with  thorax,  rounded  behind  and  rather  compact,  seldom 
much  longer  than  broad,  slightly  margined;  dorsum  smooth,  black  and 
shining  throughout,  or  sometimes  bordered  with  brown,  never  roughened, 
tuberculate,  mealy,  or  punctate;  venter  uniform  black  or  dark  coffee-brown, 
no  green  or  greenish  markings.  Cornicles  twice  the  length  of  the  tarsi  and 
nearly  three  times,  the  length  of  the  style  (0.25  mm.  in  most  individuals), 
truncate  and  distinctly  flanged,  largest  at  the  base  (0.07  mm.)  and  tapering 
gradually  to  the  apex  (0.04  mm.  under  the  flange),  sometimes  narrower  at  the 
base  and  slightly  expanded  in  the  middle,  but  never  clavate,  black  or  dark 
brown,  smooth  or  indistinctly  imbricate,  opacjue  or  translucent.  Style  not 
cone  shaped,  but  ver>'  blunt  rounded,  nearly  as  long  as  broad  (0.09  mm.  X 
O.II  mm.)  and  always  a  little  shorter  than  the  tarsi,  provided  with  a  few  long 
Entomologica  Americana.  Vol.  \'I.        6  J'-'ne,  1890. 


102 

pale  bristles,  and  thickly  set  with  short  dark  scales,  which  change  toward  the 
apex  into  short,  spreading,  papillose  setae.  Anal  plates  not  smooth,  but  im- 
bricate like  the  style  and  bearing  a  fringe  of  long  pale  bristles.  Body  smooth, 
rather  thick  set  and  compact;  length  1.96  mm.  to  2.09  mm.;  breadth  wing  to 
wing  6.54  mm.  to  7.25  mm.;  wing  2.73  mm.  to  3.18  mm. 
April  to  June.  Leaves  and  twigs  of  the  peach. 
Apterous  viviparous  female  {pseudogyna  fundatrix?  and  pseudo- 
gytia gemma7is).—K\\\&\\\\c&  variable,  usually  about  two-thirds  the  length  of 
the  body,  black  or  dark  brown,  set  on  widely  separate,  inconspicuous,  frontal 
tubercles;  joints  not  tuberculate,  vii  almost  always  shorter  than  iii;  no  sen- 
soria  on  iii  or  iv,  one  on  distal  end  of  v,  and  a  group  on  the  expanded  distal 
end  of  vi.  Beak  reaching  to  second  pair  of  coxae  and  sometimes  beyond, 
but  not  to  third  pair,  except  in  immature  specimens  (0.53  mm.  to  0.82  mm.). 
Thorax  broad  and  flat,  gradually  widening  posteriorly  and  blending  with  the 
very  broad  abdomen  into  a  smooth  and  shining  black  plate,  in  which  the 
separate  segments  are  indistinguishable.  Abdomen  margined,  broader  than 
long,  rounded  behind,  so  that  the  insect  is  broad  wedge  form,  sometimes 
almost  cordate,  especially  when  distended  with  pseudova.  Abdominal  seg- 
ments distinct  beneath,  but  usually  only  the  last  2—3  visible  above;  venter, 
and  sometimes  border  of  dorsum,  dark  coffee-brown,  the  rest  very  black  and 
shining,  as  if  lacquered;  sometimes  a  row  of  pits  or  depressions  along  the 
margins,  corresponding  to-the  stigmata,  dorsum  not  otherwise  pitted  and  free 
from  hairs,  tubercles,  or  mealiness.  Length  of  body  1.64  mm.  to  2.38  mm.; 
breadth  i.oo  mm.  to  1.50  mm. 

In  all  other  particulars  like  the  winged  form.  The  young  are 
a  uniform  pale  yellow  or  weak-coffee  color,  becoming  darker  with 
each  moult.  The  insect  bears  no  green  or  greenish  markings  at  any 
stage  of  development. 

January  to  December.  All  parts  of  the  peach  tree  above  ground 
and  below.  Commonest  upon  the  branches  from  early  spring  to 
midsummer,  but  also  observed  in  autumn  and  twice  in  midwinter 
(  January,  1889,  and  January  and  February,  1890).  Can  be  found 
upon  the  roots  almost  always  at  any  time  of  year. 

//«<^//«/.— Virginia  (!),  Maryland  (!),  Delaware  (!),  New  Jersey, 
Michigan  (!). 

Very  abundant  and  destructive  along  the  Atlantic  coast,  but 
rare  in  the  West,  as  if  recently  introduced. 

This  aphis  has  been  known  to  peach  growe'rs  for  more  than 
twenty  years,  but  does  not  appear  to  have  been  critically  studied  by 
any  one.  It  has  been  identified  with  Myzus persicce  (Sulzer),  which 
it  does  not  resemble,  and  with  Myzus  cerasi  (Fab.),  which  it  resem- 
bles only  superficially.  Prof  Uhler  thought  it  agreed  most  nearly 
with  Koch's  description  of  ^.  chrysanthemi,  and  in  my  first  account 
of  the  insecfi'  I  followed  his  judgment,  not  having  seen  the  winged 
*  Peach  Yelloivs:    A  preliminary  Report,  U.  S.  Dept.  of  Agric.  1S89. 


— 103— 

form.  Further  study  with  abundaut  material  has  conviuced  me  that 
it  is  chstinct  from  A.  cardui  Linn.,  to  which  A.  chrysanthemi  Koch, 
has  been  reduced.  So  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  observe  during 
four  seasons  spent  in  the  orchards,  this  aphis  is  confined  exclusively 
to  the  peach.  I  have  never  found  it  on  the  roots  or  tops  of  orchard 
weeds,  or  even  in  neighboring  cherry  orchards.  Myzus  cerasi^i&^xs, 
from  it  in  half  a  dozen  important  particulars,  e.  g.  Antennae  set  on 
conspicuous  frontal  tubercles,  gibbous  on  inner  face,  and  only  about 
one-half  as  far  apart,  joints  not  tuberculate,  except  iii,  which  is  only 
slightlv  so;  less  than  one-half  as  many  sensoria  on  iii,  five  in  one 
row  only,  none  on  iv,  one  on  v;  stigma  narrower;  no  button-like 
tubercle  on  back  of  thorax;  femora  more  inclined  to  be  hairy;  cor- 
nicles cylindrical  and  twice  as  long;  style  longer  and  distinctly  cone- 
shaped.  In  the  apterous  form  the  dorsum  is  also  minutely  punctate 
throughout,  like  shagreen. 

This  insect  is  an  Aphis  rather  than  a  Myzus,  belonging  most 
properly,  I  think,  to  that  section  of  the  genus  classed  by  Prof. 
Oestlund  as  Aphis  nectarophorini. 

Among  peach  growers  it  is  generally  known  as  "the  black 
aphis."  It  may,  therefore,  appropriately  bear  the  name  of  Aphis 
persiccs-niger,  especially  since  all  the  mature  forms  yet  discovered 
are  shining  as  well  as  black. 

(To  be  continued.) 


Mr.  Liebeck,  in  "Entomological  News"  No.  4,  gives  an  inter- 
esting account  of  how  he  makes  use  of  a  white  dog  to  attract  Cole- 
optera  in  early  evening.  A  collector  of  no  mean  standing  tells  of 
a  still  more  effective  method  which  accident  disclosed  to  him.  It  is 
his  practice  to  take  a  stroll  th-rough  the  fields  with  his  wife  on  sum- 
mer evenings,  and  usually  his  beating  net  accompanies  him.  One 
evening,  returning  from  a  stroll,  a  light  rain  induced  the  lady,  to 
protect  the  makeup  of  her  hair,  to  turn  up  her  skirt  over  her  head, 
exposing  the  white  petticoat.  Soon  our  friend's  attention  was  at- 
tracted by  numerous  black  spots  on  this  white  surface,  and  investi- 
gation showed  that  they  were  Coleoptera,  which  w^ere  promptly 
bottled,  and  many  of  which  proved  good  things.  Of  cQurse  it  is 
not  absolutely  necessary  that  the  white  surface  should  be  either  a 
dog  or  a  petticoat,  but  in  default  of  anything  better,  either  will 
answ'er  as  an  attraction. 


— 104 — 
SYNOPSES  OF  CERAMBYCIDiE. 

BY    CHARLES    W.    LENG,    B.    S. 
(Continued  from  p.  gS,  vol.  vi.) 

ACMiEOPS  LeConte. 

In  the  preparation  of  the  following  table  and  notes  I  have  re- 
ceived much  assistance  from  Dr.  Geo.  H.  Horn;  both  in  permission 
to  examine  his  sets  of  the  variable  species  (twenty  species,  of  sev- 
eral of  which  no  two  are  exactly  alike),  and  by  his  experience  as  to 
the  characters  which  are  trustworthy  in  separating  such.  And  I  am 
indebted  to  Mr.  Samuel  Henshaw  for  numerous  additions  to  the  lists 
of  localities.  It  is  to  be  noted  in  this  connection  that  many  Western 
species  which  reach  South  to  New  Mexico,  are  there  found  among 
the  mountains  where  the  elevation  causes  climatic  influences  similar 
to  their  customary  Northern  habitat. 

This  genus  contains  a  number  of  species  of  moderate  size,  in 
which  the  head  is  not  at  all,  or  only  moderately  constricted  behind 
in  lisa.  Dr.  LeConte  indicated  three  groups.  The  last,  containing 
only  pratensis,  is  abundantly  distinct  by  the  very  long  mouth  and 
front.  The  first  has  its  characters  most  fully  developed  in  bivittata, 
viz.:  a  short,  stout  form,  tarsi  short  and  stout,  the  first  joint  scarcely 
as  long  as  the  next  two  combined,  short  antenna;,  the  joints  almost 
serrate,  and  the  third  and  fourth  joints  neither  as  long  as  the  fifth. 
The  tarsal  joints  are  densely  clothed  beneath  with  short  pubescence, 
which  on  each  joint  is  equally  dense.  The  second  group  contains 
more  slender  species,  the  antennal  joints  longer  and  more  slender, 
and  the  tarsal  joints  longer  (especially  the  first)  and  unequally  clothed 
beneath,  most  of  the  species  having  the  dense  pubescence  confined  to 
the  third  joint.  A.  direda  represents  the  group,  except  that  the  first 
tarsal  joint  is  abnormally  long.  This  second  group  also  contains 
those  species  which  have  a  flattened  thorax  and  most  nearly  resem- 
ble Lepiura.  The  form  of  the  prothorax  varies  considerably,  being 
either  decidedly  angulated,  or  very  indistinctly  angulated,  or  rounded 
on  the  disc.  In  discoidca  and  proteus  it  is  strongly  flattened  and 
channeled,  with  edges  slightly  prolonged  and  elevated  each  side. 
Many  of  the  species  are  liable  to  great  variations  in  color,  which 
have  been  heretofore  described  as  species,  but  are  now  considered 
unworthy  to  rank  even  as  varieties,  the  various  forms  blending  in- 
sensibly into  one  another.  Following  Dr.  LeConte' s  paper,  S.  M. 
C.  No.  264,  1873,  I  have  prepared  this 


I 


—  103— 

Synopsis. 

Group  I.— Sliort  stout  species;  hind  tarsal  joints  stout,   equally  pubescent 

beneath;  antennae  stout,  except  in  thoracica. 
A. — Prothorax  with  lateral  anij;le  distinct,  sides  behind  the  middle  concave. 
Black,  prothorax  yellow,  densely  pubescent,  elytra  densely  puncttued. 

thoracica. 
Color  \ariable,  very  slightly  pubescent,  elytra  sparsely  punctured. 

bivittata. 
Blackish  blue,  scarcely  pubescent,  elytra  coarsely  and  distantly  punctured. 

atra. 

Greenish   bronze,  pubescent,   elytra   coarsely  and  sparsely  punctured, 

general  form  less  stout,  and  lateral  angle  of  thorax  more  rounded. 

subaenea. 
B. — Prothorax  with  lateral  angle  rounded,  not  prominent,  sides  parallel  be- 
hind. 
Testaceous,  feebly  pubescent;  punctures  of  elytra  irregular  towards  base. 

pinguis. 
Dark  metallic  blue,  black  or  bronze;  pubescence  yellowish,  soft  and  long. 

tumida. 
Black,  elytra  violet  blue;  pubescence  short,  black,  erect  ....  viola. 
Group  II. — Slender  species;  hind  tarsal  joints  slender,  last  joint  only  usually 
densely  pubescent  beneath  arid  more  broadly  bilobed;   antennae 
slender. 
A. — Disc  of  prothorax  convex,  slightly  channeled  and  densely  punctured. 
Prothorax  longer  than  wide;  first  and  third  hind  tarsal  joints  densely 
pubescent  beneath,  second  wholly  or  partly  bare. 
Elytra  more  sparsely  punctured,  pubescence  very  short  and  sparse; 
elytra  black,  vittate  more  or  less  with  testaceous,  or  wholly  tes- 
taceous. 

Sides  of.  head  parallel  behind  the  eyes longicornis. 

Sides  of  head  oblicjue  behind  the  eyes. 

Prothorax  more  densely  punctured vilicta. 

Prothorax  shining,  less  densely  punctured ligata. 

Elytra  more  densely  punctured  witii  short  pubescence;  black,  with  the 

base  more  or  less  red basalis. 

Prothorax  wider  than  long;  hind  tarsi  with  third  joint  only  densely  pu- 
bescent beneath. 
Hind  angles  of  prothorax  not  prominent;  iiubescence  sparse;   elytra 
black,  varying  to  testaceous,  or  with  red  humeral  angle,  militaris. 
Hind  angles  of  prothorax  prominent;  elytra  black,  varying  to  fuscous, 

clothed  with  soft,  long  pubescence subpilosa. 

B. — Disc  of  prothorax  convex,  coarsely  punctured,  lateral  angle  prominent; 
antennae  stouter,  third  and  fourth  joints  together  not  longer  than 
fifth;  elytra  very  deeply  punctured. 
Black;  head,  scape  of  antennae,  elytra  and  legs  rufotestaceous.   lisa  n.  sp. 
C. — Disc  of  prothorax  convex,  not  channeled,  sparsely  and  finely  punctured, 
elytra  rounded  at  tip. 
Sides  of  head  behind  the  eyes  straight,  oblique,  neck  concave. 


— io6 — 

Testaceous;  elytra  coarsely  punctured  with  suture,  dorsal  vitta  and 

side  margin  black directa. 

Sides  of  head  behind  the  eyes  tumid,  rounded,  smooth;  prothorax  more 
deeply  constricted  behind. 
Black,  with  fine  hoary  pubescence,  mouth  and  prothorax  ferruginous. 

falsa. 
D. — Disc  of  prothorax  flattened  behind  and  prolonged  each  side  into  a  tu- 
bercle; elytra  truncate  at  tip. 
Prothoracic  tubercles  conical  lateral;  black,  elytra  opaque,  base  and  side 
margin  and  sometimes  the  suture  bright  red    .     .     .     discoidea. 
Prothoracic  tubercles  dorsal,  obtusely  rounded;   black,  elytra  shining, 
more  distinctly  punctured,  black,  striped,  testaceous  or  fuscous. 

proteus. 
Group  III. — A  moderately  stout  small  species;  the  front  and  mouth  ex- 
tremely long;  antennae  inserted  in  front  of  the  line  joining  the 
anterior  margin  of  the  eyes;  prothorax  campanulate,  constricted 
in  front,  wider  and  feebly  constricted  behind;  elytra  truncate  at 
tip. 
Black,  elytra  black,  fuscous,  or  testaceous,  sometimes  witli  a  dorsal  vitta 
and  tip  fuscous pratensis. 

Bibliography,  etc. 

A.  thoracica  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.   Piiil.   1S47,  x,  p.  60;  sulcico/ns  Dej.,  Cat. 
third  edition,  p.  381. 
Length  8  mm.  =  .32  inch.     Hab. — Pa.,  Mass.,  Va. 

This  species  resembles  the  next  in  appearance,  and  seems  to  be 
rare  in  collections.  I  am  unable  to  say  to  what  extent  it  varies  in 
color.  Mr.  Bland  has  described  a  form  of.  this  species  under  the 
name  incerta  with  the  base  of  the  tibicC  yellow. 

A.  bivittata  Say,  J.  A.  P.  1823,  III,  p.  416;  nigripennis  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2, 
I,  1850,  p.  323;  varians  Lee,  1.  c,  p.  ii^\fusciccps  Lee,  1.  c,  p. 

324- 
Length  6—9  mm.  =  .24— .36  inch.      Had.—'N.  Y.,  N.  H.,  111.,  la.,  Wis., 

Dak.,  Neb.,  Mo.,  Kans.,  Col.,  N.  C. 
The  typical  form  of  this  insect  has  the  elytra  yellow,  with  two 
black  vittae,  while  the  thorax  and  legs  may  be  either  yellow,  or  more 
or  less  black.  The  form  nigripennis  has  black  elytra,  with  thorax 
more  or  less  yellow.  The  form  varians  is  entirely  black,  and  fus- 
ciceps  is  entirely  testaceous,  except  the  dusky  head.  While  there 
can  be  no  doubt  of  the  specific  identity  of  all  these  forms,  it  may  be 
well  to  retain  some  names  for  convenience  in  exchanging. 

A.  atra  Lee,  1.  e  1850,  p.  323. 

Length  8  mm.  =  .32  inch.     Had.—Oreg.,  Wash.,  Nev.,  Idaho. 

The  coarse,  sparsely-placed  punctuation  of  the  elytra,  and  very 

sparse  pubescence,  make  this  a  very  distinctive  species. 


I 


A.  subaenea  Lee,  1.  c  1850,  p.  lor. 

Length  9  mm.  =  .36  inch.     Hab. — Cal. 

This  species  is  grouped  with  the  preceding  in  the  table,  the 
outhne  of  prothorax  behind  the  tubercle  being  decidedly  concave, 
but  the  tubercle  itself  is  very  nearly  rounded,  and  the  insect  resem- 
bles the  following  species  in  form.  The  color  and  coarser  punctua- 
tion will,  however,  distinguish  it  from  subpilosa,  its  nearest  cousin, 
in  the  next  group. 

A.  pinguis  Lee,  S.  IM.  C.  No.  264,  1873,  p.  210. 
Lentvth  9  mm.  =  .36  inch.     Hab. — Cal. 

' '  The  punctures  of  the  basal  half  of  the  elytra  are  arranged  so 
as  to  give  the  appearance , of  faint  longitudinal  stripes,  of  which  the 
inner  one  runs  obliquely  forward  towards  the  humerus,  so  as  to  tend  • 
to  unite  with  the  others"  (LeConte). 

This  species  is  at  present  represented  by  a  unicque  in  Dr.  Horn's 
collection. 

A.  tumida  Lee,  Ent.  Rept.  1857,  p.  63;  lugens  Lee,  1.  c.\  fusca  Lee,  1.  e; 
californica  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  I,  p.  loi;  siibcyanea  Lee,  Ent. 
Rept.  p.  63;  viollipilosa  Lee,  Proe  Ac.  Phil,  i860,  p.  321. 

Length  7—12  mm.  =  .28— .48  inch.     Hab.— Oveg.,  Col,  Nev.,  Cal. 

This  species  varies  in  color  from  black,  pardy  or  wholly  fuscous 
or  testaceous  to  blue,  and  also  considerably  in  the  amount  of  pubes- 
cence. The  forais  described  by  Dr.  LeConte  are  inseparable  and 
were  all  referred  by  him,  in  1873,  to  tumida.  The  name  it  will  be 
noted  is  not  the  earliest,  but  the  most  descriptive. 
A.  viola  Lee,  Proe  Ac.  Phil.  1S60,  p.  321;  Horn,  Trans.  A.  E.  S.  xii,  1885, 
p.  180.  , 

Length  11  mm.  =  .43  inch.     Hab. — Oreg.,  Cal.,  Nev. 

Similar  to  tumida,   but  differs  as  follows:   "color  violet-blue, 
legs  and  antennae  black,   surface  clothed  with  short,   black,   erect 
hair.     The  elytra  are  more  densely  punctate,  and  the  thorax  rather 
less  so  than  in  tumida''  (Horn). 
A.  longicornis  Kby.,  1837,  En.  Bor.  Am.  p.  185;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  I,  p.  321. 

Length  9— 11  mm.  =  .36— .44  inch.     //(?/>.— Cal.,  Col.,  Wash.,  Oreg., 
"65°"  (Kirby). 

Elytra  usually  black  vittate  with  yellow;  legs  yellow  or  black. 
Varies  all  black,  or  all  testaceous,  suture  black,  or  as  in  marginalis 
(Lee,  Ent.  Rept.  p.  28),  elytra  testaceous,  margin  black. 

A.  vincta  Lee,  Proe  Ac.  Phil.  1861,  p.  346. 

Length  12—13  mm.  ==  .47— -53  inch.     Hab.—CcA.,  Oreg.,  Utah,  Neb. 
Closely  resembles    preceding   in    form,    color    and    variations. 
Differs  by  head  being  oblicjue  behind  the  eyes,  hind  impression  of 
prothorax  deeper  and  general  form  less  robust. 


— loS— 

A.  ligata  Lee,  1873,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  211. 

Length  8 — 12  mm.  =  .32 — .48  inch.    Hab. — Mont.,  Wash.,  Col.,  Ks.,  Mo. 

Closely  allied  to  the  preceding,  but  is  distinguished  from  longi- 
coniis  by  less  robust  form  and  shape  of  head,  and  from  both  vincta 
and  longicojiiis  by  the  prothorax  being  less  densely  punctured,  more 
shining  and  more  constricted,  especially  at  the  base. 

I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  three  last-named  species — longi- 
cornis,  vincta  and  Hgata,  should  be  united  under  the  oldest  name, 
viz. :  longicornis  Kirby.  I  have  quoted  the  characters  given  by  Dr. 
LeConte  for  their  separation,  and  I  think  the  possessor  of  large 
series  of  either  species  will  find  them  all  in  his  set. 

A.  basalis  Lee,  1873,  S.  i\L  C.  No.  264,  p.  211. 

Length  10 — 11  mm.  =  .40 — .44  inch.     Hab. — Cal.,  VVasli.,  Nev. 

A  slender  species,  proportioned  somewhat  like  longicornis,  but 
with  the  elytra  more  flattened  and  more  densely  punctured.  The 
head  is  gradually  narrowed  behind  the  eyes,  as  usual,  but  is  very 
distinctly  constricted,  though  not  strongly  at  base.  The  elytra  vary 
somewhat  in  color,  being  often  lighter,  but  the  red  color  at  base  is 
always  distinct  on  the  umbones. 

A.  directa  Newn.,  1842,  Entom.  p.  71;  \-vitfata  Linn,  (fide  Hald.);  vittata 
Sweder  Yet.  Ac.  Nya  Handl.  17S7,  viii,  p.  19S;  Hald.,  Trans. 
Am.  Phil.  X,  p.  65;  ^-vittata  Schon.,  Syn.  Igs.  i,  p.  497;  pallida 
Hald.,  1.  c.  p.  65. 
Length  6—8  mm.  =  .24— .32  inch.  Hab.—?a..,  N.  J.,  Vt.,  N.  Y.,  Md., 
Ga.,  Ala.,  Ohio. 

A.  militaris  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  1850,  p.  322. 

Length  7 — 9  mm.  =  .28 — .32  inch.     Hab. — Or.,  \\"ash.,  Cal.,  Idaho. 

Dr.  LeConte  describes  this  species  as  "black,  with  rather  long 
ashy  pubescence  with  a  small  red  humeral  spot."  This  form  ap- 
pears to  be  rather  rare,  and  that  usually  met  with  is  without  the  red 
spot  and  sparsely  pubescent.  It  is  often  entirely  black,  but  varies 
in  color  like  the  following,  from  which  it  may  be  known  by  the  less 
slender  form,  particularly  of  the  thorax. 

A.  subpilosa  Lee,  1.  e;  litpina  Lee,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil,  xii,  i860,  p.  321;  dorsalis 
Lee,  Col.  of  Kansas  1859,  P-  ^r. 
Length  9 — 11  mm.  =  .36 — .44  inch.     Hab. — Wash.,  Oreg.,  Cal.,  Wyo., 
Mont.,  Utah,  Kans.,  Rocky  Mts. 

Black,  vittate  with,  or  entirely  testaceous;  pubescence  long  and 
soft. 

A.  lisa  n.  sp. 

Length  8  mm.  =  .32  inch.     Hab. — Wash. 

One  specimen  sent  to  Dr.  Horn  and  marked  by  him  "  evidently 


— 109 — 

new."  The  head  is  more  stronoly  constricted  behind  than  in  any 
other  Aanccops,  but  the  general  fascies  is  similar  to  the  slender  spe- 
cies like  hmgicornis.  Eyes  deeply  emarginate,  head  and  mouth 
parts  and  tirst  two  joints  of  antennae  rufo-testaceous;  prothorax 
black,  constricted  in  front,  strongly  angulated  at  sides  and  hind 
angles  prominent,  but  not  produced,  longer  than  wide;  densely,  not 
coarsely  punctured,  a  small  smooth  space  on  disc  near  base.  Elytra 
nearly  parallel,  very  coarsely,  almost  confluently  punctured  at  base, 
less  coarsely  at  tip,  which  is  bluntly  rounded;  rufo-testaceous,  clothed 
with  \ery  fine  golden  pubescence.  This  pubescence  is  scarcely  per- 
ceptible without  a  strong  glass.  Legs  also  rufo-testaceous,  hind 
and  middle  tarsi  and  tibiae  and  part  of  femora  darker.  Hind  tarsi, 
with  third  joint  deeply  bilobed  and  densely  pubescent  beneath,  the 
first  and  second  joints  almost  glabrous.  Beneath  black,  except 
head  and  center  of  presternum. 

A.  falsa  Lee,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil.  1859,  p.  80. 

Length  6 — 7  mm.  =  .24 — .28  mm.     Hab. — So.  Cal. 

I  have  seen  no  variation  in  the  color  of  this  species,  even  in  the 
extensive  series  in  Dr.  Horn's  collection. 

A.  discoidea  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  60;  Lee,  Agass.  L.  Sup.  p.  235; 
Dej.,  Cat.  3  ed.  p.  381. 
Lengtli  6.5 — 8  mm.  =  .26— .32  mm.     Hab. — L.  Sup.,  Mich.,  Pa.,  N.  J., 

N.  Y.,  Mass. 
This  also  is  a  constant  species;  the  red  color  may  entirely  en- 
circle the  black  on  the  elytra,  but  is  never  more  than  a  narrow  edge, 
and  it  is  never  missing  at  the  base. 
A.  proteus  Kirby,  1837,  1.  c,  p.  186;  siiblincata  Hald.,  1.  c.  p.  60. 

Length  6 — 9  mm.  =  .24 — .36  inch.  Hab. — Pa.,  L.  Sup.,  Mich.,  Wash., 
N.  Y.,  H.  B.  T.;  Col.,  Or.,  Wis.,  Mont.,  N.  Mex.,  Kans.  Can., 
N.  H.,  Mass.,  Labrador.      "  54°  60°"  (Kirby). 

The  coloring  varies  from  black  to  testaceous  in  every  degree. 
The  form  described  as  gibbida  by  Dr.  LeConte  differs  by  the  lateral 
elevations  of  prothorax  being  less  prominent  and  cannot  be  sepa- 
rated from  the  typical  form. 
A.  pratensis  Laich,  1784,  Verz.  Tyr.   Ins.   ii,  p.  172;  Muls.,  Col.  Fr.  2d  ed.  p. 

492,    and   many  other  descriptions  in   European   publications; 

strigilata  Fab.,  Ent.  Syst.  i,  2,  \i.  341;  Lee,  Agass.  L.  Sup.  p. 

325;  J,  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  323;  seniimarginata  Rand.,  Bost.  Jour. 

ii,  p.  20;  lotigiceps  Kirby,  1.  c.  p.  iSj;  fu/vipennis  Mann.,  Ikill. 

Mosc.  1853,  iii,  p.  251. 
Length  6 — 8.5  mm.  =  .24 — .34  inch.     Hab.—KeuM,  Col.,  Mont.,  Mich., 

"  54°  65°"  (Kirby),  Anticosti,  N.  Mex.,  Ks.,  Or.,  Me.,  L.  Sup., 

\'anc.,  Wvo.,  Nev. 


Varies  greatly  as  indicated  in  table.  The  very  long  mouth  and 
front  make  this  a  very  remarkable  species. 

PIODES  Leconte. 
P.  coriacea  Lee.  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i  p.  318;  Eiit.  Rept.  1S57,  p.  62. 
Leno'th  19  mm.  ^  .75  in.     Hab. — Oregon. 

Black  piceous,  somewhat  shining,  head  and  thorax  very  closely 
rugosely  punctate;  elytra  rugose. 

"The  whole  appearance  of  this  insect  is  that  of  a  Prionide;  it 
differs,  however,  by  its  immarginate  thorax  and  conical  anterior 
coxae.  Eyes  scarcely  prominent,  mandibles  rather  long  edentate, 
antennae  scarcely  longer  than  head  and  thorax ;  thorax  wider  than 
long,  very  densely  rugosely  punctured,  dorsal  line  finely  impressed. 
Elytra  twice  as  wide  as  thorax  and  half  longer  than  wide,  truncate 
at  base,  dilated  a  little  behind  the  middle,  rounded  at  apex,  densely 
rugose  with  a  few  scattered  jDunctures. " 


Dr.  Horn  has  kindly  called  our  attention  to  an  error  in  the 
bibliography  of  Pachyta,  viz. :  P.  riigipennis  should  read  Newn. 
Zool.  ii,  p.  476;  Lee,  etc.  (not  Lee.  Newn.  ms.).  This  had  been 
already  pointed  out  by  Dr.  Horn  (Ent.  Am.  i,  p.  6,  and  note  14, 
p.  9),  and  stands  correctly  in  Henshaw's  List. 

It  should  be  understood  that  Dr.  Horn's  work  on  Anthophilax 
ends  with  his  signature.  There  is  a  good  colored  figure  of  A.  vii- 
rificus  under  the  name  Pachyta  costaricensis  Bates,  Biol.  Cent.  Am. 
V,  p.  277,  pi.  xxi,  fig.   I. 

o 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  vSamuel  Henshaw  for  many  of  the  localities 
above  given  and  following  additions  to  those  given  in  last  numbers. 
Agallissus  gratus  Hald.  (not  Lee),  Proc.  Ac.  1853,  vi,  p.  363;  N.  Max. 
Atimia  confiisa  Cal.,  Mass. 

dorsalis  Guadaloupe,  Id.,  S.  Cal. 
Distenia  imdaia  R.  L,  La.,  .S.  \\ .  \'a.,  Ga.,  Tex.,  Mich. 
Desmocerus  palliatiis  Can.  W.,  N.  Y.,  Ga.,  Mo.,  Wis. 

auripennis  Or. 
Necydalis  mellitus  Can.  W.,  N.  Y.,  Ga.,  Mo.,  Wis. 
Ulochaetes  leoninus  Vane,  Ft.  Crooke. 
Encyclops  coenileus  Me.,  N.  H.,  Mass.,  Pa.,  Wis. 

(To  be  continued.) 

The  mosquito  is  to  have  a  new  lease  of  life!  The  Lamborn 
prizes  have  been  awarded  to  those  who  most  gracefully  said(that  the 
Dragonflies  couldn't  master  him.  We  said  the  same  thing  long 
since  and  got  no  prize  either! 


—  Ill — 
THREE  NEW  SPECIES  OF  COLEOPTERA. 

RV    J.    J.    RIVERS. 

Amblychila  baroni  n.  sp.— Form  graceful;  above  wholly  of  a  sul)dued 
resinous  black;  beneath  shining  black.  Head  subquadrale,  with  two  punc- 
tures distant  from  each  other  and  situated  just  behind  the  first  or  clypeal 
suture;  two  other  punctures  are  behind  the  the  second  or  frontal  suture,  but 
these  punctures  are  firmer  and  closer  together  and  nearly  central;  on  the 
vertex  near  the  eye  is  a  triangle  of  three  punctures.  Thorax  strongly  convex, 
slightly  longer  than  wide  when  looked  at  from  above,  but  exact  measurement 
of  the  anterior  margin,  through  its  great  convexity,  shows  it  to  be  greater 
than  its  longitudinal  measurement;  the  side  margins  narrow  from  the  front 
to  the  hind  angles,  in  a  gentle  curve  where  they  end  in  a  transverse  constric- 
tion that  involves  the  hind  margin,  though  it  is  raised  above  the  constriction; 
the  pronotum  is  produced  in  the  middle  on  the  front  margin,  and  it  is  ex- 
tended in  the  middle  of  the  hind  margin;  hind  angle  subacute;  a  fine  longi- 
tudinal impressed  line,  which  does  not  reach  either  the  front  or  hind  margins. 
Elytra  twice  as  long  as  wide,  convex;  flattened  upon  the  central  area;  a  series 
of  well  formed  imbricated  punctures  and  representing  about  sixteen  broken 
rows;  at  the  base  a  few  of  these  imbrications  become  connected  lorming  a 
short  ridge  or  keel,  while  some  others  have  developed  into  a  mucron  over- 
hanging a  puncture,  or  else  forming  a  slight  elevation  between  punctures;  the 
whole  becoming  less  asperate  towards  the  apex.  The  acute  margin  extends 
from  the  basal  angle  about  two-thirds  and  becomes  obsolete;  it  is  formed  of 
a  narrow  carina  slightly  interrupted,  and  it  is  accompanied  on  its  upper  side 
by  a  row  of  fine  punctures  the  acute  and  real  margins  are  nearly  parallel, 
and  the  interval  between  them  is  ornamented  by  four  rows,  much  broken,  of 
mucronate  punctures  like  those  on  the  elytra.     Length  i.oo  inch;  25  mm. 

One  specimen  9  ,  found  by  Mr.  Oscar  F.  Baron,  in  Pantano 
County,  Arizona,  after  whom  I  have  great  pleasure  in  naming  this 
insect. 

The  above  insect  is  certainly  not  easily  confounded  with  any 
other  North  American  species;  Picolomini's  example  is  conceded  to 
be  a  varietal  form  of  Say's  A.  cylindriformis,  and  the  great  size  and 
profuse  ornamentation  in  A.  cylindriformis  will  alone  be  sufficient 
to  separate  it  from  A.  baroni. 

Cychrus  (Brennus)  oreophilus  n.  sp.— Form  broad,  flattish  convex,  with 
beautiful  outline,  prothorax  dull  black,  elytra  moderately  shining  black,  be- 
neath shining  black.  Head  proportionate,  front  nearly  smooth,  with  a  well 
marked  depression  inside  orbital  ridge;  genai  doubly  notched.  Thorax  wider 
than  long,  widest  across  the  foremost  third,  then  decreasing  sharply  and  ob- 
liquely to  the  hind  margin,  which  is  much  contracted  between  the  angles;  in 
the  oblique  side  margin  there  is,  in  some  examples,  the  faintest  indication  of 
a  sinuation;  hind  margin  truncate,  angles  acute:  at  the  base  is  a  transverse 
impression,  out  of  which  grows  a  central  depressed  line  reaching  near  to  the 
front  margin.     Elytra  with  thirteen  equally  formed  striae,  coarsely  punctate 


— 112  — 

after  the  style  seen  in  Jiiimu.s,  the  confused  striae  at  the  sides  number  about 
five,  and  are  of  a  net  work  pattern;  the  inflexed  portion  is  smooth  with  faint 
punctures;  the  acute  margin  is  sharply  defined  and  the  disc  is  slightly  flat- 
tened. 

Received  from  Shingle  Springs,  Eldorado  County,  California. 

This  has  been  confused  with  C.  obliquus,  but  its  less  convexity, 
the  finer  jjuncturings  and  intervals,  and  the  non-interrupted  strice 
of  the  elytra,  easily  distinguish  it.  The  greater  width  of  the  thorax 
in  contrast  with  the  narrowness  at  the  hind  margin,  it  having  the  most 
oblique  side  margin  of  any  known  Cychrus,  and  still  further  the 
black  without  the  least  semblance  of  purple  additionally  characterize 
it. 

It  belongs  to  group  3,  section  13,  of  Horn's  "  Synopsis  of  the 
Species  of  Cychrus  inhabiting  Boreal  America.""^  It  should  be 
placed  just  before  striatiis . 

The  home  of  the  species  is  in  the  Foot-hills  of  Eldorado  Co., 
California. 

Necydalis  barbarae  n.  sp. — Form  large,  robust;  color  chestnut-brown  to 
pitchy-black.  Head  rugosely  punctate  and  with  a  well  defined  frontal  channel. 
Thorax  with  lateral  protuberance,  and  with  two  depressions  above,  dorsal 
channel  nearly  obliterated,  boldly  constricted  both  before  and  behind.  Elytra 
flat,  finely  rugosely  punctate,  slightly  depressed  on  disc,  sutural  margins  per- 
fect, ending  in  a  slight  projectian;  there  is,  however,  a  continuous  margin 
around  the  apex,  which  reaches  to  the  humeral  angles;  tip  truncate,  not 
■convex,  as  in  the  other  species.     Size  22  mm.  =  .87  inch. 

Habitat. — Santa  Barbara,  Cal.     Collected  by  Oscar  F.  Baron. 


A  BIT  OF  HISTORY. 

BY  PROF.   C.   H.    FERXALD. 


In  the- "  North  American  Entomologist,"  vol.  i,  p.  102  (1880), 
I  expressed  the  desire  to  have  the  date  of  Zeller's  Chilon.  et  Cramb. , 
definitely  determined,  so  that  we  could  know  positively  whether 
Walker's  or  Zeller's  species  should  take  precedence.  In  the  same 
place  I  published  an  extract  from  a  letter  from  Dr.  Hagen,  giving 
his  reasons  for  believing  that  Zeller's  paper  was  published  before 
Walker's  work  on  the  Crambidae. 

Early  in  1881  I  wrote  to  Prof  Zeller,  himself,  asking  for  the 
date  of  publication  of  his  work  on  the  Crambidae,  but  he  did  not 
answer  that  part  of  my  letter.  My  copy  of  Zeller's  Crambidce  is 
one  of  the  separata,  and  gives  no  clue  to  the  date  beyond  the  year, 

*  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  vii,  December,  1878. 


—  113— 

1S63,  but  Prof.  J.  B.  Smith  kindly  loaned  me  his  copy  for  examina- 
tion, and  this  contains  the  rest  of  the  work.  So  conclusive  did  the 
e\-idence  appear  that  Zeller's  paper  antedated  Walker's,  that  I  pub- 
lished an  account  of  it  in  Ext.  Amer.  vol.  v,  ]).  215,  along-  with 
the  correct  dates  of  publication  of  several  of  Walker's  works. 

Mr.  Mevrick  wrote  me  soon  after  that  he  had  seen  a  copy  of 
Zeller's  paper  with  "  ed.  July,  1863,"  on  the  title  page  in  Zeller's 
own  hand  writing.  I  had  previously  seen  a  copy  in  Berlin  with  the 
same  words,  said  to  be  Zeller's  hand  writing,  but  the  evidence  from 
Prof  Smith's  copy  was  so  conclusive  that  I  felt  sure  there  must  be 
some  mistake  in  the  Berlin  copy. 

In  the  "Entomologist's  Monthly  Magazine"  for  April,  1890, 
p.  Ill,  Mr.  Meyrick  has  published  a  note  in  which  he  expresses- 
doubts  of  my  conclusions  because  of  the  date  given  in  the  copy 
mentioned  above.  I  am  free  to  confess  that  I  felt  quite  uncertain 
about  the  matter  when  I  learned  that  two  copies,  at  least,  contained 
the  same  date  of  publication — ^July,  1863,  but  Mr.  Stainton  has 
added  to  the  above  note  of  Mr.  Meyrick  some  extracts  from  letters 
received  from  Zeller  which  settle  the  matter  beyond  all  doubt.  I 
give  here  the  last  two : 

"  Meseritz,  21st  June,  1863. — Next  week  the  printing  of  my 
Crambiden  will  be  finished.  I  am  now  busy  with  the  Index  and  list 
of  Errata." 

"Meseritz,  21st  July,  1863. — Herewith  you  will  receive  some 
separate  copies  of  my  Crambiden.  The  reason  for  the  date  of  pub- 
lication being  written  is  that  the  year  appears  on  the  title  of  the 
'  Schulnachricht,'  which  remains  here." 

I  hasten  to  correct  the  error  into  which  I  had  fallen,  and  thank 
Messrs.  Meyrick  and  Stainton  for  calling  my  attention  to  the  matter, 
and  for  giving  us  the  real  facts  in  the  case.  This  information  is 
certainly  very  opportune,  for  it  comes  before  the  issuing  of  my  work 
on  the  N.  A.  Crambidse. 


Mr.  Fletcher  has  sent  us  a  slip  from  an  Australian  paper  in  which 
is  treated  at  some  length  a  little  Capsid,  thought  to  be  undescribed, 
and  very  injurious  to  vegetation.  Among  other  characteristics — 
"  when  the  insect  is  in  repose  the  antennae  are  doubled  under  the 
body  betweeen  the  legs,  but  when  piercing  the  fruit  they  erect  and 
straighten  out  the  serrated  weapons,  which  are  sharp  pointed,  and 
exert  their  strength  in  piercing  the  stem  or  fruit.  The  attacking 
antennae  are  covered  at  intervals  with  a  very  minute  capillary  sub- 
stance, the  use  of  which  we  are  unable  at  present  to  define,  though 
it  may  aid  in  the  process  of  suction," 


—  114— 

SOME    APPARENTLY    NEW    NOCTUIDiE    IN    THE 
COLLECTION  OF  THE  BRITISH  MUSEUM. 

BY    HENRY    EDWARDS. 

During  my  stay  in  London,  two  years  ago,  I  was  enabled, 
through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  A.  G.  Butler,  to  examine  the  large 
number  of  Noctuse  and  Geometridse  collected  some  years  ago  in 
Southern  Oregon  and  Northern  California  by  Lord  Walsingham, 
and  I  recognized  as  entirely  new  to  me,  and  I  believe  to  science,  the 
following  species.  I  ha\'e  little  doubt  that  a  more  lengthened  and 
careful  examination  than  I  was  able  to  make  would  result  in  the  dis- 
covery of  many  other  uncharacterized  forms,  particularly  among 
the  Geometridse  and  Pyralid^.  Had  I  returned  to  London  the  fol- 
lowing year,  as  it  was  my  intention  to  do,  I  should  have  taken  with 
me  some  types  for  comparison,  and  would  have  done  my  best  to 
work  up  the  whole  series,  but  that  pleasure  has  been  denied  me,  and 
I  therefore  think  it  best  to  place  on  record  the  descriptions  of  those 
I  did  examine. 

Herrichia  cervina  n.  sp.  Primaries  reddish  fawn  color,  ochreous  at  the 
base,  with  median  band  of  a  darker  shade,  narrow  on  internal  margin,  much 
widening  on  costa  and  enclosing  the  round  reniform  and  subreniform,  which 
are  both  bordered  with  ochreous.  Behind  the  median  band  is  a  broad  paler 
shade,  clouded  with  darker  fawn  color  vand  encroached  upon  by  two  sharp 
teeth  proceeding  from  the  brown  submarginal  band.  The  paler  shades  are 
mottled  with  darker  fawn  color.  Secondaries  dusky  fawn  color,  with  the 
fringes  of  both  wings  reddish  fawn.  Thorax  and  abdomen  concolorous. 
Underside  of  primaries  dusky  fawn,  costa  and  margin  reddish,  with  an  indis- 
tinct median  waved  line,  which  is  continued  on  the  secondaries,  the  ground 
color  of  which  is  redder  than  that  of  the  upper  wings.  Discal  spot  distinct. 
Abdomen,  thorax  and  legs  reddish  fawn.     Exp.  wings  20  mm. 

Four  specimens.     Mt.  Shasta  district. 

I  place  this  insect  in  Mr.  Grote's  genus,  as  it  appears  to  me  to 
be,  at  any  rate,  very  closely  allied  to  it,  bearing,  as  it  does,  a  strong 
superficial  resemblance  to  the  well-known  H.  niollissima. 

Annaphila  casta  n.  sp.  Allied  to  A.  diva  Gr.  Primaries  brownish  black 
at  the  base  and  for  about  one-lialf  of  the  wing,  the  brown  space  being  mot- 
tled with  bluish  scales.  The  dark  half  of  the  wing  is  interrupted  quite  ob- 
liquely behind  by  a  broad,  clear  white  band,  encroached  upon  anteriorly  in 
the  middle  by  a  small  brown  point  from  the  brown  basal  space.  Otherwise 
the  anterior  edge  of  the  white  band  is  quite  even  and  runs  directly  from  the 
exterior  third  of  the  external  margin  to  the  costa.  The  posterior  margin  of 
the  band  is  clouded  at  the  external  angle  with  dusky.  In  the  middle  is  a  large 
circular  brown  spot,  and  a  smaller  one  above  it,  triangular  in  shape,  repre- 
senting the  reniform  and  subreniform.      The  apex  of  the  wing  is  broadly 


—  115  — 

filled  up  with  brownish,  tlotted,  as  is  the  base,  with  bluish  scales.  The  sec- 
ondaries are  clear  chalk-white,  not  creamy,  as  in  A.  dii'a.  The  marginal 
band  is  broader  and  more  even  on  its  edges  than  in  that  species,  and  the  base 
of  the  wing  is  more  densely  filled  up  with  black.  Beneath  the  ground  color 
is  wholly  pure  clear  white,  and  not  yellowish,  as  in  A.  diva.  On'the  apical 
margin  of  primaries  is  a  heavy  blackish  patch  containing  a  series  of  six  sagit- 
tate, bluish  white  spots;  before  this  the  white  band  of  the  upper  side  is  re- 
peated with  a  small  black  linear  and  one  roundish  discal  spot,  and  then  a 
blackish  band  widest  on  costa.  The  base  is  white,  with  a  bluish  tinge.  The 
secondaries  have  the  marginal  band  of  the  upper  side  repeated  with  small 
bluish  white  patches,  while  the  base  is  marked  by  a  bluish  white  cloud,  en- 
closed by  black  hairs,  broadening  into  a  spot  on  the  costa.  The  thorax  above 
is  concolorous  with  the  base  of  the  wings.  Abdomen  brown  at  base,  becom- 
ing gradually  white  towards  the  tip,  the  segments  being  indicated  by  narrow- 
white  bands.  Below,  the  thorax,  abdomen,  legs  and  palpi  are  clear  pure 
white.  Average  expanse  of  diva,  ten  examples,  17  mm.;  casta,  ten  ex- 
amples, 21  mm. 

Oregon.     Camp  No.  9. 

There  is  no  doubt  as  to  distinctness  of  this  species.  The  col- 
lection contained  many  specimens  of  A.  diva  for  comparison,  and 
though  resembling  each  other,  it  would  be  impossible  to  confound 
the  two  forms. 

Euclidia  annexa  n.  sp. — Primaries  slate-brown.  A  little  before  the  middle 
begins  a  brown  mark  which  is  remarkably  like  that  in  the  well-known  E.  mi 
of  Europe.  It  is  almost  even  on  its  anterior  edge,  scarcely  touching  the  in- 
ternal margin,  but  there  slightly  rounded  and  curving  upward  into  a  deep 
tooth  in  the  middle,  broadening  along  the  course  of  the  median  nerve  and 
running  up  to  costa,  where  it  is  joined  by  another  longitudinally-oblong  brown 
patch  not  reaching  to  the  internal  margin.  These  patches  are  bordered  by  a 
pale  line,  and  in  the  larger  patch  is  a  distinct  black  dot.  On  the  costa  sub- 
apically  is  a  greenish  brown  patch,  and  the  external  margin  is  also  brownish, 
with  a  paler  anterior  shade.  The  secondaries  are  dusky  slate  color,  with  two 
very  distinct  ochreous  waved  bands,  and  a  patch  of  the  same  shade  in  the 
middle  near  the  costa,  enclosing  a  brown  discal  spot.  Abdominal  margins 
dusky.  Underside  wholly  pale  ochreous,  with  the  margins,  two  waved  bands, 
and  discal  marks  brownish  black.  Thorax  and  abdomen  above  wholly  brown- 
black,  except  the  tip  of  the  latter,  which  is  ochreous.  Beneath  wholly  ochre- 
ous.    Expanse  of  wings  30  mm. 

Six  specimens,  Rouge  River,  Oregon. 


It  has  been  claimed  that  "sugar"  is  not  attractive  to  moths  in 
tropical  countries,  and  that  quite  different  bait  must  be  used.  Dry 
codfish  and  other  strong  smelling  substances  are  used  with  success, 
and  recently  I  learned  of  quite  a  novel  attraction ;  it  is  simply  the 
collector's  shirt  that  he  has  had  on  all  day  when  hard  at  work  and 
which  is  said  to  be  rather  superior  to  anything  else  as  bait. 


—  ii6— 
NOTES  AND   NEWS. 


Such  phantastic  stories  about  the  prices  of  rare  Lepidoptera 
spring-  up  at  intervals  in  our  entomolog-ical  contemporaries  that  a 
Hne  should  be  drawn,  somewhere.  I  admit  that  as  much  as  _;,{^20  to 
_^30  will  be  paid  in  the  English  markets  for  an  insect,  but  only  when 
it  is  a  unique  and  has  been  so  far  found  but  once. 

The  rarity  of  Teiuopalpiis  wiperialis  9  has  been  overrated. 
Within  the  last  two  years  more  than  twenty  females  have  been  ob- 
tained, and  the  price  ranges  now  from  about  $25  to  $40,  according 
to  the  size  and  state  of  the  insect.  The  main  collecting  ground  for 
it  is  Tiger  Hill,  8500  feet  high,  southeast  of  Darjeeling,  Himalayas, 
but  lately  it  has  been  caught  likewise  in  neighboring  districts. 

*  -K  >i< 

It  is  simply  wonderful  how  some  of  the  Lepidoptera  are  "  pro- 
tected," /.  e.,  protect  themselves  successfully  against  the  attacks  of 
birds,  bats,  lizards,  etc.,  by  a  peculiar  odor  which  they  emit.  Promi- 
nent East  Indian  collectors:  Doherty,  Mowis,  Hartert  and  Niceville, 
have  lately  given  us  many  points  about  it. 

Hartert  says:  "  Few  people,  even  among  those  who  have  col- 
lected in  the  tropics,  know  by  own  experience  the  pungent  smell 
which  many  Lepidoptera  emit.  There  is  an  idea  that  the  smell  is 
only  peculiar  to  the  males  and  serves  them  for  making  themselves 
agreeable  to  the  females.  This  rule  is  not  without  an  exception,  for 
among  a  certain  Delias  of  Upper  Assam,  which  was  endowed  with 
a  very  strong  musk  smell,  I  found  a  few  smell-bearing  females. 

Many  of  the  large  Papilios  emit  a  faint  smell  of  musk,  most  of 
the  Elymnias  bear  a  weak,  but  pleasant  perfume,  and  the  males  of 
Ornithoptera  rhadamanthus  and  riificollis  carry  a  faint,  unpleasant 
smell.  Lethe  viekara  Moore,  of  Assam,  smells  considerably  like 
violets,  but  the  most  remarkable  instance  is  given  by  the  extremely 
rare  Hesperian  Calliana  pieridoidcs  %  ,  which  Doherty  and  I  ob- 
tained in  a  few  examples  in  Assam  during  October.  The  strong- 
smell  of  this  beautitul  insect  excels  charmingly  any  perfume  known 
to  me,  and  reminds  one  of  the  aroma  of  the  flowers  of  Heliotrope. 
The  smell  of  the  males  of  Euplcea  is  unpleasant  to  me,  but  liked  by 
some  of  my  colleagues." 

So  far  Hartert.  Doherty  wrote  me  about  the  same,  only  adding 
that  the  papers  in  which  he  had  folded  C.  pieridoides  retained  the 
pleasant  odor  for  a  number  of  hours  after  death. 

B.  Neumoegen. 


—  117— 
PREPARATORY  STAGES  OF  ARCTIA  DOCTA  Walk. 

HY    HARRISON    C.     DYAR. 

Egg. — Conoidal,  the  base  flat,  smooth  and  shiny.  Color  pearly 
white,  or  pale  yellow.  They  are  not  fastened  to  a  surface  as  is  usual, 
but  appear  to  be  laid  loosely,  perhaps  some  adhering  together. 
Before  hatching,  the  orange-colored  head  of  the  included  larva  is 
seen  through  the  transparent  shell  at  the  summit  of  the  egg  and  the 
black  larval  hairs  cur\'ed  spirally  around  it.  Duration  of  this  stage 
eight  days. 

First  Larval  Stage. — The  head  and  cervical  spot  are  semi- 
transparent  pale  orange,  the  eyes  black.  Body  pale  whitish,  with 
about  eight  warts  per  segment,  blackish,  producing  long,  white  and 
black  hairs.      Length  2  mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  three  days. 

.Second  Larval  Stage. — Head  testaceous,  but  the  eyes  and 
jaws  brown.  The  body  is  similarl)^  colored  with  the  head,  but  paler, 
the  warts  large  and  blackish,  bearing  black  hairs.  Length  about 
4  mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  three  days. 

Third  Larval  Stage. — Head  testaceous;  the  eyes,  jaws  and 
two  large  spots  on  the  vertex,  blackish;  a  few  hairs.  Body  brown, 
the  subdorsal  .space  nearly  black,  with  a  pale  whitish  dorsal  line. 
The  black  warts  produce  short  black  hairs  and  a  few  long  pale  ones. 
Length  of  the  larva  8  mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  four  days. 

Fourth  Larval  Stage. — Head  black  and  shining.  Body 
ciark  brown,  nearly  black  dorsally,  leaving  a  pale,  interrupted,  dorsal 
stripe.  Warts  black,  arranged  as  in  the  mature  larva  and  producing 
black  hairs,  with  a  few  longer,  paler  ones.  Feet  black.  Length 
ID  mm.     Duration  of  this  stage  five  days. 

Fifth  Larval  Stage. — Head  black,  but  paler  about  mouth 
and  behind  the  eyes.  Palpi  pale.  Body  black,  paler  on  the  venter, 
with  an  interrupted  reddish  dorsal  line.  The  abdominal  feet  are 
pale,  and  the  spiracles  reddish;  otherwise  as  before.  Length  15 
mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  eight  days. 

Sixth  Larval  Stage. — Head  black,  slightly  reddish  centrally 
and  paler  at  the  sides;  the  plates  above  the  mouth  are  whitish;  jaws 
black,  and  palpi  pale,  with  a  b.lack  ring,  the  last  joint  reddish. 
Body  velvety  black  with  an  interrupted  dorsal  red  stripe  absent  on 
joints  2,  3,  4  and  13,  forming  a  row  of  eight  red  spots,  rounded 
posteriorly  aud  pointed  anteriorly.  Thoracic  feet  black;  abdominal 
black  with  the  claspers  pale  brown.  Hairs  black,  a  few  longer  white 
ones  posteriorly  while  those  from  the  subventral  warts  are  tawny 
reddish.     The  hairs  are  stifl"  and  spiny,  about  5  mm.  long  and  are 

6* 


—  ii8— 

not  abundant  enough  to  hide  the  body  even  just  after  moulting. 
There  are  a  few  black  hairs  on  the  head  and  a  fringe  of  short  hair 
overhangs  it.  The  warts  are  large,  dull  black,  and  arranged  ex- 
actly as  in  the  larva  of  Arachnis  picta  Pack.*  Spiracles  white. 
Length  of  the  larva  at  maturity  45  mm.  Duration  of  this,  the  last 
larval  stage,  eleven  days. 

Cocoon. — A  slight  netting  of  threads  drawing  together  any 
loose  material  and  containing  no  hairs,  for  these  remain  on  the  cast 
skin.  The  operations  of  forming  the  cocoon  and  preparation  for 
pupation  occupy  five  days. 

Pupa. — When  first  formed  the  pupa  has  the  thorax,  head  artd 
cases  pale  transparent  yellow,  the  abdomen  white,  purple  between 
the  segments  with  a  brick-red  dorsal  interrupted  line  and  several 
rows  of  darker  red  spots  on  the  sides  and  venter.  The  cremaster 
is  broad,  but  very  short,  with  four  spines  of  about  equal  length; 
color  pale  brown.  Soon  the  whole  pupa  turns  shining  black  and 
becomes  covered  with  a  white  bloom.  Cases  creased;  thorax  and 
abdominal  segments  punctured.  Duration  of  this  stage  twenty- 
eight  days. 

Food-Plants. — The  larvae  seem  to  be  practically  omnivorous, 
at  least  for  tender  plants  growing  near  the  ground.  I  carried  some 
from  California  to  the  East  and  fed  them  on  the  native  plants  by  the 
way.  They  reached  maturity  in  Florida  on  the  food-plant  of  Dilo- 
phonota  ello.  During  all  the  larval  stages  they  feed  only  at  night, 
and  are  very  lively  in  their  attempts  to  run  and  hide  if  disturbed. 
Larvae  from  Los  Angeles  County,  Cal. 


EXCURSION. 


The  committee  from  the  Brooklyn,  Newark  and  Philadelphia 
Societies  have  decided  upon  Upper  Jamesburg,  N.  J.,  as  the  place 
where  the  field  meeting  of  the  entomologists  of  the  three  cities  and 
neighboring  points  is  to  take  place  on  the  4th  of  July  next.  James- 
burg is  on  the  Amboy  Division  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad,  and 
may  be  reached  from  New  York  via  Perth  Amboy  and  Rahway  at 
9.10  a.  m.,  Newark  at  9.36  a.  m. ;  via  Monmouth  Junction,  New 
York  7.20  a.  m.,  Newark  7.50  a.  m.  Leave  Philadelphia  from 
Broad  Street   at  6.50  a.  m.  via  Camden  at  7. 10  a.  m. 

The  7.20  a.  m.  from  New  York  via  Monmouth  Junction  meets 
the  6.50  from  Philadelphia  at  Monmouth  Junction,  and  this  train  is 

*  See  Ent.  Amer.  vol.  vi,  p.  74. 


J 
— 119 —  i 

recomniended,  as  it  will  bring  the  party  into  Janicsburo-  at  the  same 
time.    Excursion  fare  about  $2. 10  from  New  York  and  Philadeli)hia.  ! 

All  the  entomologists  desiring  to  attend  will  be  heartily  welcomed, 
whether  members  of  the  societies  organizing  the  excursion  or  not, 
but  in  order  that  the  necessary  arrangements  for  creature  comforts  j 

can  be  made,  all  those  expecting  to  take  part  in  the  field-meeting  j 

will  please  notify  one  of  the  members  of  the  committee  as  soon  as  j 

convenient.  Further  information  may  be  obtained  from  the  com- 
mittee : 

Dr.  D.  M.  Castle,  2007  Arch  St.,  Philadelphia. 

C.  P.  Machesney,  65  Broadway,  New  York. 

C.  H.  Roberts,  235  W.  I22d  St.,  New  York. 

J.  B.  Smith,  Rutgers  College,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

H.  W.  Wenzel,  11 15  Moore  St.,  Philadelphia.  \ 


SOCIETY  NEWS. 

Entomological  Society  of  Washington. — March  6,  1890.— Mr. 
Schwarz  exhibited  and  remarked  upon  the  following  species  of  Coleoptera, 
which  are  new  to  the  fauna  of  North  America:  Lathridius  {Coninomus) 
nodifer  W&siwood;  Actinopteryx  fucicola  Allibert,  Arrhipis  laneri  Guerin 
and  Probatius  umbratilis  Duval.  He  also  showed  specimens  of  Temnochila 
hiibbardi  L<§veill^  and  Teretriosoma  hornii  Lewis,  recently  described  in 
European  journals  from  the  semi-tropical  region  of  Florida.  He  finally  drew 
attention  to  Dr.  Horn's  recent  Revision  of  the  North  American  species  of 
Ochthebius,  and  spoke  of  the  geographical  distribution  of  these  aquatic  bee- 
tles.    Discussion  followed  by  various  members. 

The  Secretary  presented  a  note  on  a  Dipterous  larva  infesting  the  seeds 
of  Xanthium.  He  had  found  these  larvae  at  Manhattan,  Kansas,  and  during 
the  past  winter  in  the  District.  Drawings  were  exhibited  illustrating  the  larva 
and  the  nature  of  its  work. 

The  Secretary  also  presented  a  short  note  on  the  food-habits  of  Psilop- 
tera  drinninotidi. 

These  notes  were  discussed  by  Schwarz,  Townsend  and  Howard. 

Mr.  Townsend  read  a  paper  entitled  "  Notes  on  Acridiidae  in  Michigan," 
which  related  more  particularly  to  dates  of  appearance  and  habits. 

C.  F.  Marlatt, 

Recording  Secretary. 

Brooklyn  Entomological  Society, 
Meeting  April  i,  1S90.— Fifty  persons  present,  Rev.  George  D.  Hulst 
presiding.  Minutes  of  last  meeting  read  and  approved.  Prof.  Smith,  of 
committee  to  arrange  with  Philadelphia  and  Newark  Entomological  Societies 
for  a  joint  field  meeting,  reported  that  Jamesburg,  N.  J.,  on  July  4,  1890,  had 
been  informally  suggested,  and  that  a  stated  meeting  of  the  several  commit- 
tees would  be  soon  held,  at  which  a  determination  would  be  reached.     Mr. 


120  — 

L.  A.  Best,  of  125  Sixth  Avenue,  N.  Y.,  Mr.  Henry  E.  Hallowell,  of  No.  789 
Monroe  Street,  Brooklyn,  and  Mr.  Frank  H.  Johnson,  of  No.  168  Hancock 
Street,  Brooklyn,  were  elected  members  of  the  Department. 

Prof.  Hooper  reported  informally  that  the  natural  history  collections  of 
the  late  John  Calverley  had  been  secured  for  the  Institute  through  the  kind- 
ness of  his  son,  Mr.  William  Calverley,  and  that  the  entomological  portion 
of  the  collection  would  be  placed  in  charge  of  this  Department — such  portion 
being  complete  as  to  nomenclature  and  North  American  species  in  respect  to 
Lepidoptera  and  Coleoptera  to  the  year  1870,  when  Mr.  Calverley  ceased  to 
collect.  The  Secretary  was  thereupon  directed  to  express  the  thanks  of  the 
Department  to  Mr.  William  Calverley  therefor. 

Prof  John  B.  Smith  introduced  scientific  discussion  by  an  explanation  of 
the  structure  of  the  anal  tuft  of  Eiichatcs  egle,  which  was  arranged  upon 
pleats  or  folds,  following  this  by  remarks  on  some  peculiar  and  interesting- 
structures  of  insects  assisted  by  lantern  views. 

The  first  series  of  views  represented  variation  in  the  head  and  mouth 
parts  and  ovipositors  of  several  species  of  Diptera,  including  Hcematohia 
serrata  (imported  horn  fly,  injurious  to  cattle),  Stomoxys  calcitrans,  house 
fly,  and  Eristalis  tenax  or  drone  fly. 

The  second  series  represented  modifications  of  the  ovipositor  as  a  means 
of  defense  as  shown  in  the  stings  of  Polistes  and  Botnbiis,  or  as  a  tool  for 
cutting  vegetable  tissues  as  shown  in  the  saw-like  instruments  of  the  Ten- 
thredinidce. 

The  third  series  indicated  the  resources  of  larvae  of  limited  silk  spinnuig 
capacity,  as  those  of  Halesidota  caryce  in  the  construction  of  their  cocoons, 
by  using  the  hairs  with  which  their  bodies  were  clothed,  and  which  cohered 
by  reason  of  numerous  hooks  with  which  each  hair  was  furnished.  A  modi- 
fication of  these  hairs  was  shown  in  the  spines  of  the  saddle-back  caterpillar, 
Emprctia  sthnulea,  which  were  hollow  and  tapered  to  a  point,  which  readily 
broke  off  in  any  substance  pierced  by  them,  the  fluid  secreted  at  the  base  of 
the  spine  entering  the  wounds  made  by  them  and  causing  the  smarting  sen- 
sation experienced. 

The  next  series  showed  portions  of  the  external  structure  of  several 
species  of  Coleoptera,  including  the  leg  of  a  Dytiscus  (the  hairs  thickly  stud- 
ding the  joints  resolving  themselves  under  the  microscope  to  filamentary 
bodies,  crowned  with  flat,  circular  disks,  or  suckers,  calculated  to  unite  the 
insect  firmly  to  any  desired  object)  and  the  star-like  punctures  of  the  elytron 
of  Ciipes  capitatus. 

The  last  series  represented  parasites  of  the  surf-duck,  pigeon  and  cow. 

Meeting  May  6,  1890. — Twenty  persons  present,  Rev.  Geo.  D.  Hulst 
presiding.  Mr.  Lendal  V.  Hallock,  Creedmoor,  N.  Y.,  and  Dr.  Samuel 
Russell  and  Mr.  George  A.  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.,  were  elected  members 
of  the  Department.  The  election  of  officers  was  taken  up  and  the  officers 
of  last  year  were  re-elected  save  the  President  and  editor,  election  of  which 
went  over  until  the  June  meeting.  Mr.  Weeks  read  extracts  from  a  pamphlet 
issued  by  a  dry-goods  house  in  Brooklyn,  giving  methods  of  destroying 
"The  Moth,  moth  miller  and  moth-fly"  as  an  evidence  of  the  necessity  for 
the  dissemination  of  entomological  knowledge. 

A.  C.  Weeks, 

Recording  Secretary. 


AmeriqAna 


VOL.  VI. 


BROOKLYN,  JULY,  1890. 


No.  7. 


NE^A^  SPECIES  OF  TiENIOCAMPINI. 

BY    JOHN    B.    SMITH. 

Since  the  publication  of  my  Revision  of  some  of  the  Taeniocam- 
pid  genera  (Proc.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.  xii,  455-496,  1889-90)  a  number 
of  species  which  merit  description  have  come  into  my  hands.  It  is 
matter  of  regret  that  a  monographic  work  should  be  so  soon  made 
incomplete  by  describing  new  species,  but  there  seems  to  be  no  help 
for  it  in  the  present  state  of  our  science.  From  the  appearance  of 
collections  coming  in,  I  believe  that  fully  one-third  more  than  are  at 
present  known  will  be  added  to  our  list  of  Nodiuda:  in  the  next  live 
years,  and  that  our  lists  then  will  be  very  much  different  in  arrange- 
ment from  those  at  present  in  use. 

Taeniocampa  carminata  sp.  nov. — Head  and  thorax  a  luteous  brown,  with 
a  more  or  less  evident  carmine  washing,  most  distinct  in  the  female  of  the 
specimens  before  me.  Primaries:  ground  color  rather  a  pale  luteous,  more 
or  less  completely  suffused  with  carmine.  In  the  specimens  before  me  the 
ground  color  is  faintly  visible  through  the  centre  of  the  wing  only  in  the 
female;  in  the  male  all  the  interspaces  up  to  the  terminal  space  are  distinctly 
luteous,  while  the  latter  space  and  the  veins  are  carmine.  The  usual  macu- 
lation  is  obsolete.  Secondaries  blackish  fuscous  with  yellow  fringes.  Be- 
neath yellowish  fuscous,  with  a  more  or  less  obvious  reddish  suffusion. 
Expands  1.40  inches;  35  mm. 

Hab. — Colorado  (Bruce). 

The  vestiture  is  entirely  hairy,  forming  no  thoracic  tufts.  An- 
tennae of  male  lengthily  bipectinated,  of  9  simple.  The  primaries 
have  the  apex  rectangular,  the  outer  margin  rounded,  and  thus  the 
species  belongs  to  the  riifida  group,  from  which  it  differs  in  the  dis- 
tinctly roughened  front,  which  is  not,  however,  protuberant.  The 
species  is  unique  in  appearance  and  unlike  any  other  of  our  species 

Entomologica  Americana.  \'o1.  VI.         7  Jl'ly,  1890. 


in  color.  Both  sexes  are  before  me  and  other  specimens  are  in  col- 
lections, all  from  Mr.  Bruce,  to  whose  kindness  I  owe  a  number  of 
fine  species. 

Taeniocampa  curtica  sp.  nov. — In  color  of  head,  thorax  and  primaries, 
vaiying  troni  a  reddish  clay  color  to  a  distinct  red-brown,  somewhat  powdery. 
The  transverse  Hues  are  very  variably  distinct,  sometimes  all  save  the  s.  t. 
line  indefinite.  When  present  they  are  as  follows:  basal  line  narrow,  pale, 
irregular,  without  defining  margins.  T.  a.  line  pale,  almost  upright,  angulated 
on  the  veins  and  there  also  black  marked,  else  not  defined  save  in  the  costal 
space.  T.  p.  line  pale,  sinuate,  of  the  usual  form,  outer  margin  defined  by  a 
sliglitly  darker  shade,  which  is  emphasized  by  a  series  of  venular  points, 
behind  which  are  small  pale  dots.  S.  t.  line  always  distinct,  pale,  but  slightly 
irregular,  preceded  by  a  distinct  darker  shade  not  broken  up  into  spots  in  the 
specimens  before  me.  Veins  black  marked  through  terminal  space.  Orbic- 
ular concolorous,  small,  round,  indistinctly  pale  ringed,  scarcely  definable  in 
some  specimens.  Reniform  moderate  in  size,  constricted  centrally,  narrowly 
pale  ringed,  interiorly  black  filled;  a  dusky  shade  from  costa  between  the 
spots,  obliquely  outward  to  the  blackish  filled  part  of  reniform.  Secondaries 
soiled  whitish  at  base,  blackish  outwardly.  Beneath  reddish  powdery  over 
whitish,  with  a  common  black  exterior  line  breaking  into  dots  on  secondaries 
and  with  a  distinct  discal  spot  on  each  wing.  Expands  1.20 — 1.25  inches; 
29 — 30  nun. 

Hab. — Sierra  Nevada,  Cal. 

A  considerable  number  of  specimens  has  been  before  me  from 
Messrs.  Edwards  and  Neumoegen,  all  agreeing  save  in  distinctness 
of  maculation.  The  species  belongs  to  the  oviduca  group  of  the 
genus,  with  \'ery  decided  leanings  to  the  incincta  type  in  wing  form 
and  maculation.  The  apices  of  primaries  are  rectangular,  but 
scarcely  acute  or  produced,  and  the  prominent  s.  t.  shade  recalls 
incincta  quite  strongly.  The  antennal  pectinations  are  shorter  how- 
ever, and  the  wings  are  less  frail ;  the  species  as  a  whole  stouter  in 
habitus.     The  vestiture  consists  of  flattened  hair  and  scales. 

Taeniocampa  addenda  sp.  nov.— General  color  of  head,  thorax  and  prima- 
ries red-brown,  adding  either  a  grayish  or  luteous  tint;  maculation  variably 
distinct,  almost  entirely  obsolete  in  one  specimen,  while  in  another  it  is  very 
distinct.  In  the  latter  the  basal  line  is  marked  only  by  a  venular  dot;  t.  a. 
line  outcurved,  lunate  between  veins,  darker,  preceded  by  a  slightly  paler 
shade.  T.  p.  line  very  even,  slightly  sinuately  and  nearly  parallel  with  the 
outer  margin,  consisting  of  a  series  of  dusky  lunules,  beyond  which  is  a  series 
of  short  venular  streaks  termniating  in  a  pale  dot.  S.  t.  line  somewhat  ir- 
regular, marked  by  a  blackish  preceding  shade,  which  makes  the  terminal 
space  seem  paler.  A  series  of  blackish  terminal  lunules.  The  median  space 
is  blackish  filled  below  the  costal  region  and  the  s.  t.  space  is  well  powdered 
with  blackish.  Orbicular  small,  round,  black  filled.  Reniform  moderate, 
upright,  slightly  constricted  medially,  black  filled.     Secondaries  smoky  fus- 


cous  or  yellowish,  with  black  p.o\vclcrin,>;s.  P.enealh  reddish  powdery  with 
common,  incomplete  exterior  line,  and  discal  spot  on  all  wings.  From  this 
fully  marked  form  we  have  the  dhange  to  an  almost  uniform  reddish  or  gray- 
ish brown  with  the  maculation  almost  entirely  wanting.  Expands  1.24—1.32 
inches;  31—33  mm. 

Hab. — Calil't  rnia. 

Both  sexes  irom  Mr.  Neumoegen's  collection  are  before  me. 
The  species  belongs  structurally  to  the  incinda  group,  and  is  allied 
to  pedinata  and  terminata,  from  both  of  which  it  differs  obviously, 
most  nearly  resembling  the  latter  perhaps.  The  vestiture  is  hairy, 
antennal  pectinations  long.  The  median  lines  are  quite  approximate 
interiorly. 

Txniocampa  venata  sp.  nov. — Head,  thorax  and  primaries  bright  reddish 
luteous,  with  more  or  less  evident  red-brown  shadings,  especially  noticeable 
on  the  veins  through  the  s.  t.  and  terminal  spaces.  Basal  space;  powdery 
median  space  with  a  broad,  brown  shade  between  the  ordinary  spots,  almost 
filling  the  space  below.  Basal  line  marked  only  by  venular  dots.  T.  a.  line 
a  single,  brown  line,  slightly  irregular,  outwardly  oblique  and  curved,  pre- 
ceded by  an  indefined  paler,  yellowish  line.  T.  p.  line  darker  red-brown, 
curved  over  and  touching  the  outer  margin  of  reniform,  then  e\enly  incurved 
below,  followed  by  a  paler  line  and  over  the  cell  by  venular  dashes.  S.  t. 
line  paler  than  ground  color,  irregular,  diffuse,  indefinite.  A  dusky  terminal 
line.  Orbicular  large,  round,  pale  ringed,  concolorous.  Reniform  large, 
kidney  shaped,  pale  ringed  and  black  filled.  Secondaries  smoky  fuscous 
with  ocher  yellow  fringes.  Beneath  reddish,  powdery,  with  incomplete  outer 
line  and  discal  spot  on  all  wings.     Expands  1.50  inches;  37  mm. 

7%/;.— New  York." 

A  single  male  specimen,  in  good  condition,  collected  by  Mr. 
Bruce,  many  years  ago,  and  numbered  63.  In  structural  characters 
this  species  agrees  with  addenda,  but  differs  both  in  wing  form  and 
maculation.  The  latter  recalls  incerta  quite  strongly,  but  the  pecti- 
nated antennae  at  once  separate  it.  The  apices  are  not  as  pointed 
as  in  addenda  and  the  outer  margin  is  less  curved.  I  have  never 
seen  anything  to  match  this  species,  and  do  not  think  it  can  be 
readily  confused  with  any  of  the  described  forms. 

PERIGONICA  gen.  no\ . 

Eyes  hairy;  tibice  not  spinose;  form  robust;  vestiture  hairy; 
thorax  with  a  somewhat  indefinite  and  loose  median  crest  or  keel; 
palpi  short,  not  exceeding  front,  slighdy  drooping;  antennae  of  male 
serrate  and  bristled,  or  pecdnated.  Wings  large,  primaries  with 
apices  prominent  acute,  outer  margin  somewhat  excavated  to  middle, 
where  it  forms  a  distinct  angulation. 


—124— 

Habitus  of  Tce^iiocainpa  or  Perigrapha.  From  both  it  differs 
in  the  wing  form,  and  this  is  the  basis  of  the  genus,  which  otherwise 
agrees  fairly  well  with  Taniocampa,  save  in  the  thoracic  crest. 
Perigrapha,  which  has  this  crest,  has  also  a  different  wing  form,  and 
has  the  antennae  uniformly  pectinated  and  longer  than  in  the  present 
genus. 

Two  species  referable  to  the  foregoing  generic  characterization 
are  before  me,  agreeing  in  maculation  to  a  remarkable  extent,  but 
differing  in  antennal  structure  very  decidedly. 

Angiilata  is  a  creamy-gray  species  in  which  the  male  antenna; 
are  serrate  and  bristled — "brush  like." 

Fidminans  is  a  larger,  reddish  form,  in  which  the  male  antennae 
are  rather  lengthily  bi-pectinated.  It  is  from  Colorado,  while  angu- 
lata  is  from  California. 

Perigonica  angulata  sp.  nov. — Creamy  or  luteous  gray;  head  and  thorax 
immaculate.  Primaries  with  basal  line  evident,  geminate;  t.  a.  line  geminate, 
outcurved,  somewhat  irregular  and  interrupted.  T.  p.  line  sinuate,  inner 
line  narrow,  somewhat  lunulate,  followed  by  two  series  of  venular  dots.  S.  t. 
line  narrow,  pale,  hardly  distinct,  nearly  parallel  with  outer  margin.  A  row 
of  not  quite  terminal  black  dots.  A  distinct  median  shade  band  from  costa 
between  ordinary  spots,  outwardly  oblique  and  invading  the  lower  part  of 
reniform,  there  angulate,  and  then  parallel  with  and  close  to  t.  p.  line  to  inner 
,  margin.  Orbicular  concolorous,  moderate  in  size,  round,  vaguely  defined  by 
a  slightly  paler  annulus.  Reniform  narrow,  upright,  somewhat  constricted 
centrally,  pale  margined,  inferiorly  dark  filled.  These  markings  vary  in  the 
direction  of  obsolescence,  one  specimen  before  me  being  nearly  immaculate 
and  showing  only  tracings  of  the  described  maculation.  Secondaries  whitish, 
with  a  blackish  outer  marginal  line  and  a  distinct  discal  spot.  Beneath  pow- 
dery, with  a  black,  complete,  common  outer  line,  and  a  black  discal  spot  on 
all  wings.  Expands  1.48  inches;  37  mm. 
Hab. — Sierra  Nevada,  Cal. 

Both  se.xes  from  Mr.  Henry  Edwards.  The  variation  is  in  the 
direction  of  obsolescence  of  maculation  in  the  specimens  before  me: 
the  peculiar  double  series  of  venular  dots  beyond  t.  p.  line  and  the 
inception  at  costa  of  the  median  shade  being  the  most  permanent 
features. 

Perigonica  falmiuans  sp.  nov.— Somewhat  luteous  brick-red,  very  even  in 
color.  Head  and  thorax  innnaculate.  Primaries  with  all  the  maculation 
faint,  scarcely  legible.  Basal  line  traceable,  geminate.  T.  a.  line  single, 
narrow,  dusky,  outwardly  curved.  T.  p.  line  geminate,  sinuate,  outer  line  a 
series  of  venular  dots.  S.  t.  line  rather  distinct,  slightly  irregular,  pale,  as  a 
whole  about  parallel  with  the  outer  margin.  A  narrow  median  shade  line 
from  costa  between  the  ordinary  spots,  outwardly  oblique  to  and  darkening 
the  lower  part  of  reniform,  there  angulated  and  then  parallel  with  and  close 


to  t.  p.  line  to  liind  inarg;in.  Orbicular  moderate,  concolorous,  barely  dis- 
tinguishable by  a  faintly  paler  annulus.  Reniform  narrow,  upright,  medially 
constricted,  annulate  in  pale,  the  inferior  portion  darkened  by  the  median 
shade.  Secondaries  whitish,  semi-transparent,  with  a  dusky  outer  border. 
Beneath  powdery,  with  an  outer  common  line  and  discal  spot  on  all  wings. 
Expands  1.52 — 1.64  inches;  38 — 41  nun. 

Hub.  — Colorado. 

Both  sexes,  collected  by  Mr.  Bruce,  in  Mr.  Neunioegen's  col- 
lection and  coll.  Rutgers  College.  The  specimens  before  me  are 
nearly  identical  in  color  and  markings,  but  judging  from  its  ally  I 
am  persuaded  that  forms  will  be  found  in  which  the  maculation  will 
be  as  distinct  as  in  angulata,  and  then  the  description  of  that  species 
will  answer  for  the  present  as  well,  so  far  as  ornamentation  is  con- 
cerned. It  is  matter  of  interest  that  two  species  so  nearly  alike  in 
color,  wing  form  and  habitus  generally  should  differ  so  strongly  in 
antennal  structure. 


For  mounting  small  specimens  of  Coleoptera,  triangles  or  arms 
of  gelatine  will  be  found  greatly  superior  to  those  made  of  card- 
board. The  thin  plates  or  sheets  of  gelatine  used  by  photographers 
are  very  nice  and  even,  and  very  cheap.  They  are  rather  thin,  but 
twQ  of  them  glued  together  make  a  good  thickness.  These  trian- 
gles are  so  transparent  as  to  be  almost  invisible,  and  specimens 
mounted  thereon  with  Le  Page's  liquid  glue  will  adhere  readily  and 
permanently.  What  is  wanted  now  is  a  cheap  punch  that  will  cut 
the  triangles  neatly  and  of  a  regular  and  uniform  size. 

Santa  Rosa,  Cal.  L.   E.  RiCKSECKER. 

Mr.  Ricksecker's  note  is  interesting,  and  he  kindly  sent  me  a 
sample  of  the  gelatine  plates.  I  found  that  they  cut  splendidly  with 
a  punch,  and  that  the  pins  pierced  easily  and  held  tightly.  I  found 
also  that  the  points  curled  in  the  sun  and  that  they  drooped  when 
exposed  to  moisture.  In  cutting  points  I  select  a  medium  card- 
board and  use  punches  of  two  sizes,  but  cutting  the  same  length. 
The  best  punches  I  have  seen  do  not  make  a  clean  cut,  and  even 
with  a  perfect  scissors  it  is  almost  impossible  to  make  a  fine  point 
that  has  not  a  right  and  wrong  side.  Mr.  Wenzel  has  the  best  ar- 
rangement I  have  seen.  He  gets  strips  of  card-board  of  uniform 
width,  and.  on  a  block  of  boxwood,  cuts  with  a  razor.  This  works 
rapidlv,  and  the  cut  is  clean  and  smooth,  cn-en  the  most  slender 
point  being  absolutely  true  and  without  curl.  Mr.  Ricksecker's 
points  look  pretty,  and  if  the  gelatine  could  be  made  to  repel  mois- 
ture, they  would  be  perfect. — Ed. 


— 126 — 

ERISTALIS  TENAX  IN   ENGLAND. 

BY  A.    G.    BUTLER. 

In  the  May  number  of  Entomologica  Americana  Dr.  Ham- 
ilton has  an  interesting  article  on  the  Pollenization  of  Chrysanthe- 
mums by  this  fly,  and  he  appears  to  think  that  it  confines  its  atten- 
tions to  the  flowers  of  these  plants.  In  England  Eristalis  tenax  is 
more  attracted  by  the  large  annual  Sunflowers  and  double  Marigolds 
than  by  other  flowers,  but  it  certainly  visits  other  flowers.  Its  re- 
semblance to  a  honey-bee  probably  affords  it  a  degree  of  protection, 
as  some  birds  are  undoubtedly  suspicious  of  it;  but,  as  the  Buntings, 
including  the  American  Nonpareil  and  Indigo-finch,  the  English 
Robin,  Nightingale  and  Missel-thrush,  the  White-eared  Bulbul  and 
Leiothrix,  seize  and  eat  it  without  hesitation,  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  very  many  are  destroyed  by  insectivorous  birds.  I  grow  Mari- 
golds partly  for  the  purpose  of  attracting  these  flies,  which  I  turn 
into  my  aviaries,  and  thus  during  September  my  birds  get  a  con- 
siderable amount  of  insect  food,  which  they  would  otherwise  have 
to  dispense  with. 

Apropos  to  Dr.  Hamilton's  article  in  No.  5,  of  Ent.  Amer.,  it 
may  be  of  interest  to  know  that  I  took  scores  (and  could  have  taken 
hundreds)  of  specimens  of  Eristalis  tenax  on  a  patch  of  wild  mus- 
tard growing  in  this  county  some  ten  miles  back  from  the  lake  last 
September  and  October.  I  have  speciniens  in  my  cabinet  that  I 
took  in  California  in  August.  The  fall  flowers  here  on  the  prairie, 
wild  mustard,  the  different  asters  and  golden  rods,  and  the  large 
Composite;  are  always  attractive  to  E.  tenax,  as  I  have  noticed  for 
many  years.  O.  S.  Westcott. 

Additional  Note. — It  may  be  well  to  add  that  Eristalis  tenax 
has  been  quite  common  in  New  York  State  for  years  past,  occurring 
in  early  Spring,  and  more  abundantly  in  the  Fall,  not  only  on 
Chrysanthemums,  but  on  nearly  every  species  of  flower,  both  culti- 
vated and  wild,  in  bloom  at  these  seasons.  On  account  of  the 
abundance  of  Compositae  at  the  time  of  its  occurrence  the  fly  is  most 
often  to  be  found  on  these  flowers,  but  I  am  not  inclined  to  believe 
that  it  is  in  any  manner  restricted  to  this  order  of  plants.  I  have 
frequently  noticed  these  flies  flying  about  in  the  sun  when  the  weather 
was  so  chilly  that  no  other  living  insect  was  to  be  found  abroad. 

F.  H.  C. 


I 


—  127—  . 

THE  GENUS  DATANA  Walker. 

BY    HARRISON    G.     DVAR. 

I  hatl  originally  j)rcpared  some  notes  on  this  oenns  for  Ento- 
MOLOciCA  Americana,  but  in  response  to  the  request  of  Prof. 
Smith  I  have  enlarged  them  somewhat  to  include  all  the  species. 
Eight  species  inhabit  the  State  of  New  York,  and  I  include  four 
others  not  found  here. 

In  the  following  I  give  distincti\'e  characters  only  when  the  spe- 
cies has  been  already  well  described,  and  a  brief  description  of  the 
larva,  when  known.  I  have  not  attempted  to  give  a  full  bibliography, 
but  give  a  reference  for  the  original  description,  and  one  for  the 
larva,  the  latter  distinguished  by  an  asterisk. 

Datana  angusii  Grote  and  Robinson. 

G.  &  K..  Proc.  Ent.  See.  Phil.  vol.  vi,  p.  9'-'  pi    2,  fig.  i. 
Beutenmiiller,  Can.  Ent.  vol.  xx,  p.  135.* 

Readily  known  by  its  dark  smoky  brown  color,  common  to  the 
whole  insect  both  above  and  below.  The  lines  are  five  in  number, 
and  are  arranged  as  in  the  other  species  of  this  group  (^  i  of  my 
table).  They  are  variable  in  position  and  furnish  no  distinctive 
characters.  The  discal  spots  are  often  slight,  the  outer  sometimes 
linear.     The  description  by  Grote  and  Robinson  is  most  excellent. 

The  larva  is  black,  the  lines  fine  and  colored  light  yellow. 

Food-plants:  HickoVy,  Walnut,  Birch. 

Datana  ministra  Drur\ . 

Drury  (as  PhaUuna),  Exot.  Lep.  vol.  2,  p.  25,  pi.  14,  fig.  3. 
G.  &  R..  Proc.  Ent.  .Soc.  Phil.  vol.  vi,  p.  11. 
Beut.,  Can.  Ent.  vol.  xx,  p.  16.* 

This  species  is  of  a  pale  yellowish  brown  with  usual  markings. 
The  discal  spots  are  usually  absent,  and  sometimes  also  the  fourth 
line.     The  hind  wings  are  pale. 

The  larva  has  often  been  described,  frequently  the  other  species 
being  confounded  with  it.  It  is  black,  with  the  cervical  spot  yellow, 
the  lines  sulphur-yellow,   not  confluent  posteriorly. 

F'ood-plants:  various  fruit  trees,  Linden,  Oak,  Elm.  etc. 

Datana  calif ornica  Rile\ ,  M.S. 

Prof  Riley's  description  has  not  yet  appeared,  but  I  give  a 
brief  characterization  in  order  that  I'  may  include  the  species  in  my 
table: 


—  128  — 

Exterior  margin  of  primaries  excavate  between  the  veins.  Thorax  and 
abdomen  nearly  concolorous  with  the  primaries,  the  thorax  sometimes  paler. 
The  patch  on  the  head  and  anterior  portion  of  the  thorax  pale  brown,  with  an 
ocherous  tinge  on  head  and  collar,  often  contracted  laterally  at  the  middle  of 
the  thorax.  Primaries  pale  testaceous,  a  slightly  darker  shade  on  the  costal 
half,  quite  thickly  sprinkled  with  brown  scales.  Discal  spots  usually  present 
in  the  female,  but  rather  obscure,  fainter  in  the  male;  the  outer  spot  elongate, 
the  inner  round,  composed  of  brown  and  whitish  scales,  slightly  elevated. 
Five  light  brown  transverse  bands  and  apical  streak,  the  first  curved,  in  some 
specimens  dislocated  a  little  at  the  costa,  the  rest  nearly  parallel;  all  but  the 
fifth  obsolete  at  the  costa  and  the  fourth  often  faint,  especially  in.  the  male. 
The  apical  streak  starts  from  below  the  apex,  and  is  then  angulated  down- 
ward, in  some  examples  nearly  parallel  to  the  fourth  line,  often  with  the  upper 
part  obsolete.  Fringe  brown.  Secondaries  very  pale  testaceous,  unicolor- 
ous.  Wings  below  as  secondaries  above,  but  primaries  have  a  slightly  darker 
tinge  towards  the  apex  and  fringes.    Expanse  ci"  44 — 45  nim.;    9  45 — 53  "''"''• 

The  species  is  close  to  D.  nihiistra,  but  is  ciistinguished  by  its 
pale,  nearly  uniform  colored  primaries,  and  pale  secondaries. 

Prof.  Riley  informs  me  that  he  intends  to  describe  the  larval 
stages  when  his  description  of  the  species  appears. 

From  Santa  Clara  County,  Cal. 

Datana  drexelii  Hy.  Edwards. 

Hy.  Edwards,  Papilio,  vol.  iv,  p.  25.* 
Beut.,  Can.  Ent.  vol.  xx,  p.  57.* 

As  Mr.  Edwards'  description  is  wholly  comparative,  I  give  one 
in  full: 

Head  and  thoracic  patch  tawny  brown,  the  latter  darker  posteriorly  and 
sometimes  constricted.  This  is  a  variable  character;  the  rest  of  the  thorax 
is  concolorous  with  the  fore  wings.  Abdomen  pale  reddish  brown,  the  tip 
sometimes  darker.  Fore  wings  excavate  between  the  nervules  on  the  outer 
margin,  pale  yellowish  brown,  much  the  color  of  D.  miiiisira  and  distinctly 
irrorate  with  dark  brown  scales,  whicli  are  tliickest  below  the  median  vein, 
inside  the  second  band.  The  costal  portion  above  the  median  vein  and  before 
apical  streak  is  dull  fulvous,  contrasting  with  the  rest  of  tlie  wing  and  mainly 
lacking  the  irrorations.  Five  transverse  dark  brown  lines  as  in  allied  species, 
somewhat  variable  in  position  and  shape,  the  three  central  ones  obsolete  on 
the  costa;  a  round  central  discal  dot  and  the  discal  cross  vein  largely  covered 
with  dark  scales.  These  two  spots  appear  somewhat  darker  than  the  lines, 
while  the  second  line  runs  beyond,  through  or  nearly  inside  the  outer  discal 
spot.  Fnnge  dark  brown.  Hind  wings  largely  shaded  with  brown,  but  paler 
at  the  base;  underside  as  in  D.  }iityor.     Expanse  45 — 55  mm. 

The  larva  is  black,  joint  2  wholly  yellow,  the  stripes  citron- 
yellow  and  confluent  posteriorly. 

Food-plants:  Witch-hazel  and  Huckleberry  (  Vacciniinn). 


129  — 

Dataiia  major  Grote  and  Rol)inson. 

G.  &  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  vol.  vi,  p.  12,  pi.  2,  fig.  3. 
Dyar,  Can.  Ent.  vol.  xxi,  p.  34.* 

The  male  has  the  exterior  margin  of  primaries  nearly  .straight, 
the  female  slightly  excavate  between  the  veins.  In  this  character 
the  species  approaches  ^  2  of  my  table,  and  consequently  I  place  it 
last  in  ^  I.  It  is  distinguished  by  its  large  size,  the  distinct  dorsal 
spots  and  the  nearly  iiniforiu  reddish  brown  color  of  both  wings.  I 
know  of  but  one  constant  character  to  separate  the  moth  from  D. 
drexelii  {x\z.,  the  fulvous  costal  shade  of  the  latter),  but  the  larvae 
ditier  greatly. 

The  mature  larva  of  D.  major  is  black,  the  head,  cervical  spot 
and  anal  plates  dark  red;  the  body  has  rows  of  subquadrate  spots 
bright  canary-yellow  or  clear  white. 

Food-plant:  Andromeda  ligustrina. 

h.  peculiarity  of  the  larvae  is  their  separating  and  feeding  singly 
after  the  last  moult.  Mr.  Beutenmiiller  has  shown  me  examples  of 
the  moth  which  were  small,  the  costa  unusually  yellowish  with  the 
second  band  bent  to  pass  inside  the  outer  discal  spot.  He  stated 
that  they  were  raised  from  the  characteristically  spotted  larva  of 
major.  It  seems  probable  that  they  are  a  dwarfed  form  of  D.  major, 
arising  from  insufficiency  of  food  in  the  larval  state.  If  compelled 
to  live  together,  after  the  last  moult  (as  these  were),  the  larvae  will 
not  eat  well  and  the  moths  would  be  small.  The  position  of  the 
lines  is  not  constant  in  this  species. 

Datana  palmii  Beutenmiiller. 

ilt'Ut.,  Psyche,  vol.  vi,  p.  299  (1890). 

This  species  was  described  from  Pennsyhania,  but  it  also  occurs 
in  New  York.  It  seems  to  be  a  mountain  species,  the  localities  so 
far  known  being  Delaware  Water  Gap,  Pa.,  and  the  Catskill  Moun- 
tains, N.  Y.      It  may  be  known  by  the  following  characters: 

Head  and  thoracic  patch  cinnamon-brown,  the  former  paler.  The  rest 
of  the  thorax  is  of  tlie  color  of  the  fore  wings.  Abdomen  pale  testaceous, 
as  in  allies.  Fore  wings  entire  along  the  outer  margin,  but  showing  a  trace 
of  the  excavations,  dull  pale  lilac,  rather  thickly  co\ered  with  dark  brown 
irrorations,  in  the  female  almost  obscuring  the  ground  color  between  the  first 
and  fifth  bands.  Five  cinnamon-brown  bands,  the  color  of  the  irrorations 
and  apical  streak  as  in  allies,  the  first,  second  and  fifth  distinct,  the  others 
more  or  less  obsolescent.  The  discal  spots  are  just  discernible,  the  outer  the 
more  distinct,  much  as  in  D.  integerrinia.  Fringe  cinnamon-brown.  Hind 
wings  rather  pale,  but  tinged  with  l)rown.  The  underside  gives  no  distinctive 
characters. 


Mature  Larva. — Head  rather  light  orange-red,  the  mouth  paler  and  jaws 
black.  Palpi  black,  the  base  and  two  rings  white.  Scattered  black  hairs, 
width  ot  head  5  mm.;  cervical  spot  and  anal  plates  orange-red,  with  a  few 
short  black  hairs.  Body  black,  with  four  lateral  pale  yellow  lines,  narrower 
than  the  intervening  spaces,  the  upper  two  replaced  on  joint  2  by  the  cervical 
spot,  and  all  somewhat  broken  on  joint  13,  barely  reaching  the  anal  plates. 
Three  ventral  lines,  one  interrupted  by  the  bases  of  the  legs  on  each  side,  the 
third  in  the  center  of  the  venter,  interrupted  on  joint  13.  The  bases  of  the 
legs  are  orange-red  and  also  corresponding  spots  on  the  legless  segments. 
Thoracic  feet  black,  abdominal  with  a  black  band  outwardly,  the  anal  feet 
nearly  all  black;  a  number  of  rather  long  whitish  hairs  scattered  over  the  body. 

Food-plant:    Vaccinium  staniiiiciim. 

Datana  floridana  Graef. 

Graef,  Ikill.  Brookl.  PZnt.  Soc.  vol.  ii,  p.  37. 
Koebele  Bull.  Brookl.  Ent.  Soc.  vol.  iv,  p.  21.* 

This  is  described  as  "dark  brown,  with  a  purplish  flush"  on 
primaries.  The  third  and  fourth  Hnes  are  obsolete,  leaving  but  three 
lines.  This  species  is  close  to  D.  pabnii,  and  seems  to  differ  only  in 
the  greater  abundance  of  the  brown  scales,  causing  the  fainter  lines 
to  become  lost  and  the  purplish  color  to  be  less  distinct.  A  specimen 
kindly  loaned  me  by  Prof.  Lintner  and  labeled  "from  Elliot,  Da- 
tana floridana  Graef,  var.  9  N.  York,"  cannot  be  this  species,  but 
is  D.  pabnii.  The  lines  are  all  present,  the  ground  color  is  distinctly 
of  a  lilac  shade,  and  it  only  differs  from  my  specimens  oi palniii  in 
being  of  a  slightly  duller  shade  and  in  having  the  secondaries  more 
heavily  tinged  with  brown.  The  larvae  appear  to  differ.  Mr. 
Koebele  describes  that  of  D.  floridana  as  "black,  with  eleven  par- 
allel yellowish  lines  (he  does  not  give  their  width);  the  head,  the 
summit  of  the  body  segment,  the  anal  coverings,  and  the  summits 
of  the  legs,  deep  mahogany  red.   ..." 

Mr.  Beutenmliller,  in  his  table,  gives  the  lines  as  wider  than  the 
intervening  spaces  (in  D.  pabnii  they  are  narrower,  but  not  much 
so).     The  larva  is  unknown  to  me. 

Datana  modesta  P.eutenmiiller. 

Beut.,  Psyche,  vol.  v,  p.  299  (1890). 

This  species  is  unknown  to  me.  If  the  yellowish  ocherous 
patch,  mentioned  by  the  describer,  .pro\'e  a  constant  feature,  as  it 
probably  will,  it  will  serve  as  a  good  distinctive  character.  The  larva 
is  unknown. 

Kissimmee,  Fla. 


Datana  integerrima  Grote  and  Robinson. 

G.  cS:  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  vol.  vi,  p.  12,*  pi.  2,  fig.  4. 
Beut.,  Can.  Ent.  vol.  xx,  p.  134.* 

Dark  reddish  brown,  the  lines  edged  by  pale  shades.  The  lines  and 
fringe  are  concolorous  with  the  brown  irrorations  that  thickly  cover  the  wing, 
and,  in  a  specimen  from  Illinois  before  me,  blend  together  between  the  first 
and  fifth  bands,  but  the  pale  shade  remains.  Hind  wings  pale,  but  shaded 
with  brown.  The  larva  is  black,  the  lines  white,  the  lower  the  wider,  but 
often  all  are  absent  and  the  insect  is  black.  Hair  long,  white,  more  abundant 
than  in  the  other  species. 

Food-plants:  Hickory,  Black  Walnut,  Butternut. 

Datana  contiacta  Walker. 

Walk.,  Cat.  Brit.  Mus.  pt.  5,  p.  1062  (1855). 
G.  &  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  vol.  vi,  p.  14." 
Beut.,  Can.  Ent.  vol.  xx,  p.  134." 

"  Luteous  tawny."  The  lighter  costal  shade  is  rather  more  distinct  than 
in  its  congeners.  The  lines  and  irrorations  are  nearly  black,  but  the  fringe  is 
brown,  contrasting  with  the  bright  color  of  the  wing  and  distinctly  of  a  dif- 
ferent shade  from  the  lines.  The  lines  are  indistinctly  bordered  by  paler 
shades,  caused  by  an  absence  of  the  irrorations  which  are  not  nearly  so  nu- 
merous as  in  D.  integerrima.  The  discal  spots  are  moderately  prominent, 
concolorous  with  the  lines.  The  larva  is  black,  its  cervical  spot  yellow,  its 
lines  broad,  cream  white. 

Food-plants:  species  of  Oak. 

Datana  perspicua  Grote  and  Robinson. 

G.  6c  R.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  vol.  iv,  p.  489,  pi.  3,  fig.  i. 
Hy.  Edwards,  Ent.  Amer.  vol.  iii,  p.  170.* 
Readily  recognized  by  its  yellowish  buff  color  and  peculiar  brown  mark- 
ings The  central  lines  (lines  2,  3  and  4)  are  more  or  less  obsolete,  in  one 
specimen  before  me  only  a  trace  left.  The  outer  discal  spot  is  very  large  and 
the  apical  streak  long ;  the  veins  from  the  median  down,  between  bands  i 
and  5,  are  marked  with  brown.  Hind  wings  very  pale.  The  larva  is  black 
or  red,  with  broad  bright  yellow  stripes.  Head  and  cervical  spot  black  or 
red. 

Food-plant:  Sumach. 

Datana  robusta  Strecker. 

Strk.,  Lep.  Rhop.  et  Hetero.  pt.  14,  p.  131. 

Allied  to  the  preceding,  and  marked  after  the  same  pattern. 
The  species  is  larger  and  duller  colored  than  D.  perspicua,  and  the 
markings  are  more  pronounced.  The  absence  of  the  usual  brown 
thoracic  patch  separates  it  from  all  species  of  the  genus  so  far  known. 
Larva. unknown. 

The  species  is  from  Texas. 


The  following"  table  may  be  of  some  use  in  separating  the  species: 
?  I.  Exterior  margin  of  primaries  excavate  between  the  veins. 

A.  Color  entirely  smoky,  or  blackish  brown aiigusii  G.  &  R. 

B.  Color  yellowish  brown,  or  paler. 

a.  Discal  spots  faint  or  absent,  size  medium. 

1.  Color  yellow-brown ministra  Dm. 

2.  Color  pale  testaceous californica  Riley. 

d.  Discal  spots  distinct,  size  large. 

1.  A  distinct  fulvous  costal  shade drexelli  Hy.  Edw. 

2.  Wings  nearly  unicolorous,  tawny  reddish  brown    .     .     major  G.  &  R. 
^  2.   Exterior  margin  of  primaries  entire. 

A.  Discal  spots  not  large,  inconspicuous,  or  absent. 

a.  Fore  wings  with  more  or  less  of  a  purplish  or  lilac  color. 

1.  Fore  wings  dull  whitish  lilac,  more  or  less  covered  with  cinnamon- 

brown  scales palmii  Bent. 

2.  Fore  wings  dark  brown,  with  a  purplish  Mush  .     .     .     floi'ldana  Graef. 
d.  Fore  wings  without  such  color. 

1.  THoracic  patch  ocherous Diodesta  Beut- 

2.  Thoracic  patch  dark  brown. 

Fore  wings  dark  reddisli  Ijrown,  lines  and  fringe  concolorous. 

integerrima  G.  &  R. 
Fore  wings  luteous  tawny,  the  lines  and  fringe  not  concolorous. 

contracta  Walk. 

B.  Discal  spots,  especially  the  outer,  ver\'  large  and  distinct. 

a.  Thoracic  patch  tawny  brown perspicaa  G.  &  R. 

d.  Thoracic  patch  as  pale,  or  even  paler  than  the  rest  of  thorax. 

robnsta  Sttk. 

I  subjoin  also  the  table  for  the  larva  given  by  Mr.  Beutenmiiller 
in  the  "Canadian  Entomologist,"  (vol.  xx,  p.  135)  ha\'ing  added 
two  species.  The  larvae  of  D.  modesta  and  D.  robusta  are  still  un- 
known, while  concerning  that  oi  D.  caIifor7iica  nothing  has  yet  been 
published. 

\  I.  Stripes  narrower  than  the  intervening  spaces. 

Body  black,  stripes  sulphur-yellow ministra. 

Body  black,  stripes  citron-yellow,  confluent  posteriorly      ....     drexelii. 

Body  black,  stripes  very  hne,  pale  yellow angiisii. 

Body  black,  stripes  yellow,  head  and  plates  light  red palmii. 

Body  black,  stripes  white,  usually  partly  obsolete  or  absent      .     integerrima. 

\  2.  Stripes  as  wide  or  wider  than  the  intervening  spaces. 

Body  black  or  red,  stripes  bright  lemon-yellow perspicua. 

Body  black,  stripes  creamy  white contracta. 

Body  black,  stripes  yellowish,  head  and  anal  plates  red  ....     floridana. 

Body  black;  stripes  broken  into  spots,  bright  yellow  or  white;  head  and  anal 

plates  red major. 


Descriptions  of  two  JASSIDS  from  the  Cranberry  bogs 
of  New  Jersey. 


BY    E.    P.    VAN   DUZEE. 


ATHVSANLS  STRIATULUS 

Fallen. 


THAMNOTKTTIX  FITCHII 

\'an  Duzee. 


ac;allia  4-punctata 
Prov. 


Thamnotettix  fitchii  n.  sp.— Form  of  T.  melanogastcr,  but  smaller.  Pale 
yellow;  abdomen  and  four  small  spots  on  the  anterior  margin  of  the  vertex 
black;  pronotum  with  five  pale  longitudinal  lines;  elytra  subhyaline,  with 
yellow  nervures.     Length  3 — 4  nmi. 

Head  finely  punctured,  very  little  wider  than  the  pronotum.  Verte.x 
triangular,  ape.x  obtuse,  disc  feebly  depressed;  length  in  the  J*  subequal  to 
the  breadth  on  the  hind  margin  between  the  eyes,  in  the  $  one-quarter 
shorter.  Front  rather  broad,  width  between  the  ocelli  about  three-fourths 
the  length;  sides  nearly  straight,  converging  from  the  ocelli  to  the  apex,  but 
much  more  strongly  below  the  antenna.  Clypeus  oblong,  slightly  contracted 
at  base,  basal  suture  almost  obsolete,  apex  truncate;  loras  broad,  well  rounded; 
cheeks  broad,  bluntly  angled  at  about  their  middle.  Pronotum  one-fourth 
longer  than  the  vertex,  hind  margin  feebly  concave,  surface  very  minutely, 
transversely  wrinkled.  Basal  ventrql  segment  wide,  its  hind  margin  well 
rounded.  Valve  of  the  male  broad  and  short,  lenticular  in  form  and  occu- 
pying the  concavity  of  the  last  ventral  segment;  plates  triangular,  sides  con- 
vex at  base,  concave  above,  apex  a  little  prolonged,  obtuse,  ciliated.  Last 
ventral  segment  of  the  $  broad,  hind  edge  strongly  advanced  each  side  in 
an  obtuse  angle,  the  centre  with  a  short  blunt  tooth;  pygofers  rather  long  and 
slender,  sparingly  ciliated  at  apex. 

Color  pale  yellow,  sometimes  obscure.  Vertex  with  a  slender  longitu- 
dinal line  and  two  small  spots  on  the  disc  fulvous,  the  latter  sometimes  ob- 
solete; anterior  margin  with  a  row  of  four  black  spots,  the  middle  pair  ap- 
proximate; antennal  cavities  and  a  small  dot  just  below  each  ocellus,  black; 
front  embrowned,  with  a  central  longitudinal  and  lateral  transverse  pale  lines 
more  or  less  distinct.  Eyes  brown;  ocelli  pale.  Disc  of  the  prosternum,  tip 
of  the  rostrum,  claws,  and  a  dot  at  the  base  of  the  tibial  spines,  black.  Pro- 
notum with  five  parallel,  equidistant,  pale  longitudinal  lines.     Scutellum  im- 


—  134— 

maculate  or  nearly  so.  Elytra  dusky  hyaline,  ner\-ures  pale  yellow,  distinct. 
Wings  whitish  hyaline,  nervures  brown.  Abdomen  black;  connexivum, 
genital  pieces,  last  ventral  segment  and  sometimes  the  disc  of  the  two  or  three 
preceding  segments,  yellow  in  the  male.  The  female  has  these  yellow  mark- 
ings on  the  abdomen  more  extended,  in  some  examples  replacing  the  black 
entirely  on  the  venter,  and  the  ovipositor  black;  otherwise  like  the  male. 

Described  from  ten  examples,  representing  both  sexes,  taken 
at  Buffalo,  Lancaster  and  Colden,  N.  Y.,  and  Welland  County, 
Ontario,  from  July  4th  to  September  loth,  and  one  example  from 
New  Jersey  (J.  B.  Smith).  In  the  National  Museum  is  an  example 
of  this  species  labeled  Jassiis  ^-punciaius  Fitch  MS. ,  but  as  this  name 
is  pre-occupied  for  an  European  form  I  ha\'e  substituted  for  it  the 
one  here  adopted. 

This  species  somewhat  resembles  Cicadida  nigrifrons  Forbes, 
but  the  head  is  more  strongly  angled  before,  and  the  elytral  vena- 
tion and  the  form  of  the  genital  pieces  is  different.  From  T.  nie- 
lanogaster  it  may  be  distinguished  by  its  smaller  size  and  by  the 
position  of  the  black  spots  on  the  vertex,  which  are  not  placed  on 
the  edge  as  in  that  species,  but  on  the  superior  surface  adjoining  the 
anterior  margin. 

Athysanus  striatulus  Fall.?— In  form  similar  to  Cicadiila  exitiosa  Uhl., 
but  with  the  elytra  a  little  wider  at  tip.  Pale  testaceous,  marked  with  black 
on  the  head,  pronotum  and  scutellum.  Elytra  pale  testaceous,  nervures 
more  or  less  broadly  margined  with  blackish;  apical  areoles  smoky.  Length 
3 — 4  mm. 

Head  wider  than  the  pronotum,  closely  and  finely  punctured.  Vertex 
obtusely  triangular,  apex  rounded,  its  length  on  the  median  line  subequal  to 
that  of  the  scutellum  and  about  one-half  the  width  on  the  hind  margin  be- 
tween the  eyes;  passage  to  the  front  rounded,  but  less  so  than  in  exitiosa. 
Front  wide,  abruptly  narrowed  to  the  broad  apex.  Clypeus  broad,  quad- 
rangular, not  narrowed  to  the  tip,  length  one  and  a  half  times  the  breadth, 
margins  rectilinear;  lorse  large,  ovate.  Cheeks  broad,  strongly  angled  below 
the  eyes,  forming  a  broad  border  beyond  the  lorae,  but  not  surpassing  the 
clypeus.  Pronotum  finely  punctured,  obscurely  transversely  wrinkled  and 
slightly  depressed  across  the  disc;  hind  edge  feebly  concave. 

Ultimate  ventral  segment  of  the  male  a  little  longer  than  the  preceding, 
with  which  it  agrees  in  form;  valve  broad,  convex,  obtusely  rounded  at  apex; 
plates  triangular,  their  margin  fringed  with  coarse  white  bristles,  within  which 
are  three  or  four  short,  stout  spines,  suture  depressed.  Hind  margin  of  the 
penultimate  ventral  segment  of  the  female  feebly  concave,  in  some  examples 
forming  an  indistinct,  re-entrant  angle,  disc  with  a  longitudinal  carina;  margin 
of  the  ultimate  segment  quite  strongly  arcuated  each  side,  leaving  a  rounded 
central  lobe;  pygofers  rather  broad,  apex  truncate  and  slightly  exceeded  by 
the  ovipositor,  armed  with  irregular  stout  bristles. 

Male:  Pale,  or  testaceous  yellow.  X'ertex  with  an  impressed  line  and 
three  narrow  transverse  bands  piceous  black,  the  posterior  angled  near  each 


eye,  tlie  anterior  triangularly  advanced  and  much  intensified  on  tiie  median 
line,  and  terminating-  laterally  at  the  ocelli;  margins  of  the  lorte,  a  broad 
stripe  on  the  clypeus  rarely  attaining  its  base,  an  irregular  spot  below  the 
eye,  lower  half  of  the  temples,  all  the  sutures  and  the  front,  black;  the  latter 
with  the  median  line  and  about  four  short  lateral  arcs  yellow.  Pronotum 
pale  testaceous,  transversely  inscribed  with  irregular  piceous  lines  and  spots 
omitting  the  anterior  and  lateral  margins.  .Scutellum  black,  with  about  three 
irregular,  longitudinal  yellow  lines  of  variable  extent.  Abdomen  and  all 
beneath  deep  black,  margin  of  the  dorsal  segments  and  genital  pieces,  tips 
of  the  co.xae,  knees,  an  annulus  near  the  apex  of  the  femora,  the  edges  and 
spines  of  the  tibiae,  and  the  tarsi  of  the  anterior  and  intermediate  feet  and 
the  posterior  pair  pale,  the  latter  with  the  sides  of  the  femora  and  tibiae,  the 
base  of  their  spines  and  the  apex  of  the  tarsal  joints,  black.  Elytra  pale 
testaceous,  nervures  concolorous,  heavily  margined  with  fuscous,  the  apical 
areoles  smoky.  Wings  sordid  hyaline,  highly  iridescent,  nervures  brown. 
Female  paler  than  the  male,  with  the  black  markings  much  reduced,  or  almost 
obsolete.  Elytra  frequently  with  but  faint  indications  of  the  fuscous  areolar 
margins;  apical  areoles  clear,  at  least  on  their  centre.  Pygofers  fulvous; 
ovipositor  black. 

New  Jersey.  Described  from  five  male  and  four  female  exam- 
ples kindly  furnished  me  by  Prof.  J.  B.  Smith. 

This  little  insect  corresponds  very  closely  with  J.  Sahlberg's 
description  of  A.  striatulus  Fall.  (Finl.  and  Skand.  Cicadariae  p. 
253),  but  difters  considerably  from  that  of  Kirschbaum  (Cicad.  von 
Wiesb.  p.  96).  Only  direct  comparison  with  European  material 
can  decide  its  true  relations.  Should  it  prove  distinct  the  name 
vacchiii,  proposed  by  its  discoverer  to  indicate  its  food  habits,  may 
be  adopted. 

Note. — These  species  and  Agallia  4-punctata  Prov.  were  found  by  me 
on  Cranberry  bogs,  the  Athysatms  and  Agallia  in  great  numbers,  the  Tham- 
notettix  sparsely.  Agallia  4-pufictala  is  common  on  herbage  everywhere  in 
south  Jersey,  the  Athysanus  I  have  never  taken,  except  on  the  Cranberry 
bogs.  In  Bulletin  K.  of  the  N.  J.  Agl.  Coll.  Exper.  Station  I  have  treated  of 
these  species,  and  from  thence  are  the  figures  at  the  head  of  this  paper. — Ed. 


Occasionally  even  economic  entomology  gives  a  useful  obser- 
vation to  collectors.  Experimenting  with  whale-oil  soapsuds  in  a 
wheat-field  recently,  I  turned  out  a  little  unused  mixture  on  the 
ground  and  was  surprised  to  note  a  few  minutes  after,  that  there  ap- 
peared a  great  lot  of  insects  over  the  spot.  Examination  showed 
hundreds  of  Staphylinidse  of  two  or  more  species  making  for  the 
place  and  disappearing  in  the  loose  earth.  Circmnstances  prevented 
my  collecting  any  specimens,  but  perhaps  it  may  serve  as  a  hint 
'  how  these  insects  may  be  attracted. 


-136- 
VARINA  ORNATA  Neum. 

BY  ANNIE  TRUMBULL  SLOSSON. 

I  took  at  Punta  Gorcla,  Fla. ,  a  year  ago,  one  male  specimen  of 
this  pretty  species  described  in  "  Papilio"  vol.  iv,  p.  94.  In  March 
of  the  present  year  I  captured  several  other  males  and  three  females. 
I  think  the  female  of  this  species  has  never  been  described.  My 
specimens  are  uniforml)'  larger  than  male,  and  much  lighter  in  color. 
Their  antenuce  are  simple,  otherwise  they  do  not  appear  to  differ 
from  the  male  type.  Had  I  not  killed  these  specimens  in  a  cyanide 
bottle  before  discovering  their  sex,  I  should  have  tried  to  secure 
eggs,  and  learn  the  life-history  of  this  interesting  insect.  I  wonder 
if  Mr.  Neumoegen  has  revised  his  opinion  of  the  proper  position 
of  V.  ornata  since  he  first  described  it.  I  do  not  pretend  to  be  a 
competent  judge  as  to  generic  differences  and  such  grave  matters, 
but  I  have  a  suspicion  that  after  closer  study  of  this  moth  its  present 
place,  "  between  Par-asa  and  Phobctron,'"  may  be  changed. 


NOTES  ON  ELAPHIDION. 

BY  JOHN  B.   SMITH. 

Some  observations  made  by  me  in  the  Spring  of  18S9  on  Ela- 
phidion  seem  to  add  to  what  has  been  already  published.  In  cutting 
about  among  branches  for  Scolytids,  I  found  several  young  Oaks 
which  had  been  killed  by  fire,  how  long  since  I  could  not  say. 
Breaking  one,  about  one  and  a  half  inches  in  diameter  close  lo  the 
ground,  I  found  it  infested  by  longicorn  borers.  I  laid  in  a  supply 
of  sticks,  representing  in  all  cases' the  main  stem  and  carried  them 
home;  splitting  them  open  showed  galleries  under  the  bark  and  in 
the  wood,  a  few  containing  pupae,  but  most  of  them  larvae.  From 
these  issued,  during  the  .Summer,  Elaphidion  villosioii,  E.  paral- 
lebim  and  E.  miicronatiun.  I  did  not  study  the  larvae,  assuming 
them  identical,  but  one  thing  is  certain:  all  made  the  same  kind  of 
burrows,  and  these  were  partly  under  bark,  and  some  wholly  in  the 
wood.  The  burrows  under  bark  equally  contained  pupae,  and  all 
the  larvae  changed  to  imagines  in  the  same  year.  A  transverse  sec- 
tion often  showed  at  the  base  of  tree  three  and  once  four  larval  gal- 
leries, one  of  these  evidently  extending  under  ground.  I  believe 
the  pruning  habit  to  be  by  no  means  a  universal  rule,  but  that  the 
beetles  will  oviposit  wherever  a  suitable  nidus  is  found,  be  it  trunk, 
limb  or  twio-. 


—  137— 
NOTES  AND   NEWS. 


While  beating-  near  Anglesea  with  Mr.  Wenzel,  May  28  and  29, 
we  found  the  Oaks,  the  most  abundant  plant  there,  fairly  swarming 
with  larvte,  Tenthredinid  ixwd  Gcometrid.  Not  a  leaf  but  had  a  larv^a, 
and  most  of  them  had  a  dozen.  Many  of  the  smaller  trees  were 
almost  defoliated,  and  we  were  soon  covered  with  caterpillars  from 
head  to  foot.  The  umbrella  and  beating-net  were  filled  with  larvae, 
and  we  were  compelled  to  abandon  the  shrubbery  for  the  open  field, 
and  even  there  every  little  seedling  Oak  was  covered  with  larvae. 
In  the  shrubbery  the  dropping  of  frass  sounded  like  the  pattering 
of  rain,  and  was  incessant..  Skirting  the  wood,  Mr.  Wenzel  noted 
a  Calosoma  willcoxi  in  pursuit  of  a  Geometrid  larva  which  was 
straining  every  nerve  to  get  away.  The  Calosoma  soon  overhauled 
its  victim  and  began  eating  it  despite  its  struggles.  Several  of  the 
beetles  were  beaten  off  the  trees  and  several  were  taken  by  us  run- 
ning on  trunks  and  branches.  They  could  be  easily  seen  and  were 
perfectly  at  home  in  the  trees;  one  pair  was  taken  by  me  in  coitu, 
the  female  running  about  on  the  twigs  in  search  of  prey.  Only  one 
specimen  oi  scrutator.w^^  seen,  while  oi  tvillcoxiv^^  carried  off  about 
twenty  specimens  and  might  easily  have  taken  many  more.  At 
light,  in  the  evening,  willcoxi  was  also  the  common  species.  This 
was  the  first  time  I  had  ever  seen  this  pretty  species  alive. 

In  beating  dead  branches  of  Oak  in  Cape  May  County,  N.  J., 
Mr.  Wenzel  ran  across  a  few  specimens  of  Cyrtinus  pyginceus. 
Further  and  more  careful  search  showed  that  the  larvae  had  riddled 
many  of  the  terminal  twigs,  and  many  specimens  of  the  imago  were 
collected  on  these  branches.  A  day  or  two  after,  May  28th,  I  found 
in  the  same  region  as  many  as  eight  specimens  from  a  single  branch, 
six  of  them  in  the  umbrella  at  the  same  time.  They  bear  a  decep- 
tive resemblance  to  ants  when  running  around  in  the  umbrella. 

*  >l:  *  ;|; 

We  can  testify  from  personal  experience  that  the  mosquito,  in 
Cape  May  County  at  least,  is  not  yet  exterminated ;  there  was  about 
a  million  of  him  investigating  Mr.  Wenzel  and  myself  recently,  and 
not  a  solitary  dragonfly  in  sight!  Ordinarily  I  am  provided  with 
(and  use  liberally  on  face,  neck  and  hands)  a  mixture  of  equal  parts 
of  olive  oil  and  oil  of  tar  (oil  of  pennyroyal  will  do  as  well),  and  am 
not  bothered  by  them ;  but  this  time  a  weak  reliance  on  the  effect 
of  the  recent  essays  induced  me  to  go  off  without  this  mixture,  and 
I  had  to  take  the  consequences.  I  recommend  the  above  mixture 
as  very  effective  and  conducive  to  comfort  where  mosquitos  abound. 


-138- 
A    NEW    PAMPHILA. 

BY  HENRY  SKINNER,  M.  D. 

Pamphila  slossonae  n.  sp. — In  size  and  markings  tiiis  species  comes  nearest 
to  P.  leonardus  Harris.  The  male  expands  rather  less  than  an  inch  and  a 
half.  Ground  color  of  inferior  wings  dark  brown,  with  basal  half  of  wing 
thickly  covered  with  tawny  scales  which,  beyond  the  stigma,  form  three  spots, 
and  just  above  these  are  two  small  square  ones.  The  three  subcostal  spots 
are  represented  as  in  leonardus.  Stigma  narrow,  black,  and  concave  poste- 
riorly. Inferior  wings  same  color  as  superior,  with  tawny  scales  scattered 
over  the  basal  half  There  are  four  small,  square,  tawny  spots  close  together, 
with  a  fifth  elongated  one  at  right  angles  with  the  four,  on  outer  half  of  wing- 
running  nearly  parallel  with  the  outer  margin,  only  the  angle  made  by  the 
spots  is  more  acute.  Fringes  of  all  wings  dingy  white.  The  maculation  on 
underside  of  superiors  is  nearly  the  same  as  in  leonardus,  but  in  color  very 
different,  the  ground  color  in  this  species  being  made  up  of  yellowish  and 
greenish  scales;  underside  of  inferiors  olive-green,  with  the  spots  of  the 
upperside  repeated,  except  there  is  a  sixth  one  near  the  centre  of  the  wing, 
and  all  are  dingy  white.  Fringes  on  underside  same  as  above.  Head  and 
thorax  above  covered  with  greenish  hair,  beneath  grayish  yellow.  Palpi 
almost  white. 

The  female  expands  a  little  more  than  an  inch  and  a  half  Superior  wings 
very  dark  brown,  with  a  broken  band  of  yellow  consisting  of  five  spots  com- 
mencing at  the  first  nerve  above  the  interior  margin  and  extending  to  within 
one-eighth  inch  of  apex.  The  subcostal  spots  are  present,  as  in  the  male, 
with  two  additional  ones  at  end  of  cell.  The  inferiors  as  in  the  male,  but 
with  spots  fainter;  underside  of  wings  also  same  as  in  male,  but  the  white 
spots  on  inferiors  are  smaller.  Fringes  in  female  dark  on  superiors,  but 
gradually  getting  lighter  on  inferiors  as  the  anal  angle  is  approached. 

Described  from  one  pair  from  Florida,  presented  by  Mrs.  Slos- 
son.  I  think  that  Hesperids  can  be  best  described  by  comparison 
with  well-known  species.  While  this  resembles  leonardus  in  macu- 
lation, it  is  very  different  from  it,  and  can  readily  be  separated  by 
the  white  fringes,  lighter  color  of  markings,  green  underside  of 
inferiors,  greenish  head  and  thorax  and  nearly  white  palpi,  etc.  I 
have  named  this  species  in  honor  of  Mrs.  A.  T.  Slosson,  who  has 
done  so  much  excellent  and  interesting  field  work  in  Florida  and  the 
White  Mountains  of  New  Hampshire. 


The  edition  of  the  Check- List  of  Macrolepidoptera  published 
by  the  Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  is  exhausted.  A  second 
edition  had  been  contemplated,  but  in  view  of  the  fl^ct  that  almost 
every  family  is  undergoing  "revision,"  it  seems  unwise  to  publish 
at  present.  Some  half  a  dozen  copies  are  in  the  hands  of  the  editor 
for  sale  on  private  account,  but  that  will  exhaust  the  stock,  and  in- 
tending purchasers  had  better  apply  at  once. 


—  139— 
A  NEW   SPECIES  OF  PLAGIOMIMICUS. 

BY    JOHN    B.    SMITH. 

Plagiomimicus  triplagiatus  sp.  nuv.— General  color  an  olivaceous  grayish 
fuscous;  head  paler;  collar  with  a  white  line  at  tip;  thoracic  vestiture  mixed 
with  white  scales.  Primaries,  t.  a.  line  white,  narrow,  upright,  but  slightly 
curved  outwardly.  T.  p.  line  white,  distinct,  broadly  angulated  beyond  cell 
and  almost  reaching  the  s.  t.  line,  thence  sinuate  and  very  obliciuely  inward, 
reaching  the  margin  about  three-fifths  from  base.  S.  t.  line  white,  scarcely 
definite,  though  distinct,  very  even,  or  but  little  sinuate.  The  orbicular  is 
entirely  occupied  by  a  deep,  blackish  brown  spot,  which  sends  back  an  ob- 
tuse spur  to  the  reniform,  which  is  very  narrowly  pale  ringed  and  of  a  slightly 
darker  shade  of  ground  color;  between  the  t.  a.  line  and  this  brown  spot  a 
whitish  shade  still  further  relieves  the  dark  marking.  Between  the  outward 
angulation  of  the  t.  a  line  and  s.  t.  line  is  a  triangular  blackish  brown  costal 
blotch,  completely  filling  that  part  of  the  s.  t.  space.  Below  the  middle  of 
■  its  course  the  s.  t.  line  is  preceded  by  a  blackish  brown  shading,  gradually 
broadening  until,  at  the  margin  it  fills  nearly  the  entire  s.  t.  space.  Secon- 
daries whitish  fuscous,  paler  basally.  Beneath  powdery,  primaries  with 
maculation  of  upper  surface  vaguely  reproduced.     Exp.  .90  inches;  23  mm. 

Hab. — Las  Vegas,  N.  Me.x. ;  Hot  .Springs,  7000  feet;  August. 

Several  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  Meeske,  are  in  the  collec- 
tions of  Hulst  and  Neumoegen.  The  species  is  well  marked  and 
easily  recognizable  by  the  three  blackish  markings  and  the  white 
transverse  lines  of  the  primaries.  The  species  is  related  to  expal- 
lidus  rather  than  pitychromiis. 


Dr.  Hamilton  describes  the  issuance  o'i  Elaphidion  from  the  pupa 
skin.  It  is  an  interesting  fact  that  some  species  {Phymatodcs  aniocnus 
among  them)  do  not  shed  the  pupa  skin  at  all,  but  this  gradually 
hardens  and  the  beetle  will  walk  about  when  still  almost  white  and 
the  members  still  cased.      I  watched  this  carefully  in  Phvmatodes. 


SOCIETY  NEWS. 


Brooklyn  Entomological  Society,  June  3d. — Meeting  at  Brocjklyn 
Institute.  Mr.  Ottomar  Dietz,  chairman  pro  tern.,  presiding.  Twenty  per- 
sons present. — Report  of  Treasurer  presented  and  approved.  Mr.  Weeks, 
of  Curators,  presented  their  report  of  the  Entomological  exhibition  held  at 
the  Institute  under  the  auspices  of  the  Department  on  May  22d  and  23d. 
Exhibits  were  made  from  collections  of  Dr.  Calvealy  and  Prof.  B.  Yaeger, 
and  of  the  collection  of  Lepidoptera  of  J.  E.  Meyer,  also  by  H.  Meeske  and 


— 140 — 

F.  H.  Chittenden,  Coleoptera,  etc.,  and  by  Col.  Nicholas  Pike  of  severa 
hundred  vials  of  Arachnidae,  together  with  fifty  colored  plates  (original  draw- 
ings from  nature  by  Mrs.  Pike)  illustrating  the  life  histories  of  the  same. 
Total  number  of  specimens  exhibited  30,000.  Number  of  visitors  in  attend- 
ance about  1300.  Mr.  Pearsall,  chairman  of  the  committee  to  confer  with 
the  Brooklyn  Institute  as  to  a  modification  of  the  agreement  between  the 
Institute  and  the  Society,  presented  a  report,  which,  on  motion,  was  received 
and  the  committee  continued,  and  authorized  to  prepare  a  draft  revision  of 
the  B3'-Laws  of  the  Society  to  be  presented  for  approval  at  the  September 
meeting.  On  motion  the  appropriation  of  I150  made  by  the  Council  of  the 
Institute  for  the  support  of  Ent.  Amer.  was  accepted  with  thanks,  and  the 
legend  "  Entomological  Department  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute"  directed  to 
be  placed  on  the  cover  of  the  publication  after  the  name  of  the  Society. 
Prof.  Smith,  of  committee  on  joint  field  meeting  of  Philadelphia,  Newark 
and  Brooklyn  Entomological  Societies,  reported  that  the  committee  had 
selected  Jamesburg  as  the  place  and  July  4th  as  the  date  of  such  meeting, 
and  requested  that  all  intending  to  join  the  excursion  should  notify  the  com- 
mittee at  least  one  week  in  advance,  that  proper  provision  might  be  made  for 
lunch,  etc. 

Mr.  Weeks  opened  scientific  discussion  by  reading  a  paper  upon  the 
rapacity  of  a  female  specimen  of  Pterostichus  lucublandus  which  was  observed 
feeding  upon  the  dead  bodies  of  Doryphora  lo-lineata  at  noon,  and  which, 
instead  of  seeking  to  escape,  attempted  to  carry  off  one  of  the  beetles,  and 
resisted  efforts  made  to  remove  its  prey,  making  many  struggles  to  retain 
possession  of  it." 

Mr.  Weeks  further  read  a  paper  entitled,  "  Life  hi.story  and  enemies  of 
local  species  of  Papilionida;."  The  local  species  in  the  vicinity  of  Brooklyn 
comprise  Papilio  tiirnus,  var.  glaucus,  asterias,  var.  calverleyi,  ti-oiIus,  cres 
photifes,  philowr  and  ajax.  The  paper  described  the  season  and  method 
of  ovipositing,  the  appearance  of  the  egg,  the  food-plant,  the  larva;,  and  the 
number  of  broods  of  each  species,  except  ajax,  in  full  in  this  locality.  The 
principal  parasite  of  this  family  was  Tragus  exesorius  Brull6,  which  should 
receive  the  title  of  "  Papilio  Ichneumon,^^  the  common  appellation  "  Asterias 
ichiieunion'"  being  misleading,  because  of  too  limited  application.  Other 
species  of  ich/ieianoii  attacked  asterias,  making  the  latter  title  still  more  in- 
applicable.    Adjournment. 

A.  C.  Weeks, 

Recording  Secretary. 


Americana 


VOL.  VI. 


BROOKLYN,  AUGUST,  1890. 


No.  8. 


PREPARATORY    STAGES    OF    DILOPHONOTA 
EDWARDSII  Butl.  and  D.  ELLO  Linn. 

BY    HARRISON    G.    DYAR. 

Mr.  Henry  Edwards  has  described  some  of  the  stages  of  the 
first  of  these  species,-'^  and  he  is  the  only  author  who  has  described 
any  stage  but  the  mature  larYa  of  the  second,  and,  as  his  descriptions 
were  made  from  prepared  specimens  and  chft'er  from  mine,  I  haYC 
concluded  to  publish  the  following.  Mr.  Edwards  implies  six  larval 
stages  for  both  species,  which  I  do  not  find  to  be  the  case,  and  he 
has  confounded  the  pup:e,  describing  that  oi  elio  and  edivardsii,  and 
that  of  edzcardsii  for  ello. 

The  eggs  are  laid  singly  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  of  the 
food-plant.  In  shape  they  are  elliptical,  slightly  flattened  above 
and  below,  very  minutely  punctured.  Color  light  yellowish  green. 
Greatest  diameter  about  i.S  mm. 

First  Larval  Stage. — Head  whitish,  eyes  black.  Body  pale 
whitish,  transversely  creased,  the  caudal  horn  whitish  at  base,  the 
rest  black.  Length  4  mm.  It  is  held  nearly  erect.  Feet  concol- 
orous  with  body.  Length  of  larva  7  mm.  As  the  stage  advances 
the  insect  becomes  pale  green.  Duration  of  this  stage  about  four 
days. 

Second  Larval  Stage. — Head  pale  green,  not  shiny;  eyes 
black;  mouth  very  slightly  brownish.  Body  long  and  slender,  an- 
nulated.  Caudal  horn  greenish  white,  minutely  spinose,  5  mm. 
long.      Length  of  larva  about  15  mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  four 


days. 


*  Ent.  Amer.  vol.  iii,  p.  165. 
Entomolog:ca  Americana.  \o1.  \"I.         8 


AuGVST,  1S90. 


—  142  — 

Third  Larval  Stage. — Head  as  before,  mouth  and  ixilpi 
yellowish,  eyes  black.  Body  yellowish  green,  darker  below,  annu- 
lated  and  covered  with  little  paler  dots.  A  faint  subdorsal  line  is 
visible.  The  horn  is  minutely  spinose  as  before,  pale  whitish  green, 
8  mm.  long.     Length  of  larva  20  mm. 

Fourth  Larval  Stage. — Head  yellowish  green,  palpi  and 
mouth  paler;  eyes  black.  A  pale  band  before  the  eyes  containing 
the  sub-dorsal  line  of  the  body.  Width  of  head  about  3.5  mm. 
Body  yellowish  green,  with  many  small,  round,  paler  spots.  Sub- 
dorsal line  pale,  edged  above  with  blackish  anteriorly.  Horn  spinose, 
pale  greenish  yellow,  10  mm.  long.  Spiracles  whitish,  with  a  brown 
spot  across  the  middle.  Concealed  in  the  fold  on  the  anterior  part 
of  joint  4  is  a  black,  circular,  bisected  spot,  surrounded  by  a  white 
shade  to  the  subdorsal  line,  which,  as  the  stage  progresses,  becomes 
a  round  black  spot  with  a  white  cross  in  it,  surrounded  by  creamy 
white  and  a  reddish  shade  anteriorly.      Length  of  larva  40  mm. 

Fifth  Larval  Stage. — Mature  larva.  Head  slightly  with- 
drawn below  the  skin  of  joint  2,  whitish  green,  obsoletely  shagreened. 
A  vertical,  pale  white  band  just  before  the  eyes.  Eyelets  four,  in  a 
semicircle,  partly  brown.  Mouth  and  palpi  whitish.  Width  of 
head  about  5  mm.  The  body  is  folded  dorsally  on  the  anterior 
parts  of  joints  3  and  5.  ,  Each  joint,  e.xcept  2,  12  and  13,  has  eight 
annulets.  Caudal  horn  thick  and  curved,  5  mm.  long,  concolorous 
with  the  body,  but  having  a  slight  purple  shade  at  the  base.  Body 
light  green,  thickly  covered  over  the  dorsum  with  short  longitudinal 
ditiuse  brow^n  streaks,  about  one  on  each  annulet.  These  streaks 
are  less  numerous  on  joints  2,  3  and  4,  and  show  a  tendency  to 
segregate  on  these  segments  into  dorsal  and  sub-dorsal  lines.  On 
joints  12  and  13  they  are  nearly  absent.  The  small  round  spots  of 
the  preceding  stage  are  much  reduced  in  size  or  obsolete.  In  the 
fold  of  joint  3  is  a  pale  white,  or  purplish  shade,  and  on  joint  4  con- 
cealed in  the  fold  when  the  insect  is  at  rest  is  a  round  black  patch 
containing  a  bluish  white  linear  cross,  surrounded  by  a  reddish  ring 
and  a  purplish  shade  to  the  sub-dorsal  lines.  In  some  specimens 
there  is  a  faint  purplish  sub-dorsal  line  e.xtending  to  the  caudal  horn. 
Spiracles  white,  nearly  co^'ered  by  a  central  pale  brown  spot.  Tho- 
racic feet  whitish,  abdominal  concolorous  with  the  body,  the  three 
anterior  pair  less  well  developed  than  the  rest.  Venter  mottled  with 
whitish.      Length  of  larva  about  75  mm. 

When  not  eating,  the  larva  rests  on  the  back  of  a  leaf  of  its 
food-plant  on  one  of  the  large  ribs,  which  it  much  resembles  in  color. 
Its  length  and  slimness  also  serve  to  conceal  it,  as  it  might  be  mis- 


—143— 

taken  for  part  of  the  leaf  rib.  During  the  last  stages,  if  disturbed, 
it  raises  the  front  part  of  the  body,  drawing  down  the  head  and  ex- 
posing the  \i\id  mark  usually  concealed  in  the  fold  of  joint  4.  At 
the  same  time  it  knocks  its  head  and  the  anterior  jwrtion  of  its  body 
\iolently  from  side  to  side.  This  demonstration,  with  the  sudden 
appearance  of  tlie  highly  colored  spot,  is  doubtless  intended  to 
terrify  its  enemies. 

The  duration  of  the  tirst  three  stages  is  about  four  days  each, 
but  the  last  two  continue  twice  as  long  or  more.  Pupation  occurs 
in  a  slight  cocoon  composed  of  lea\'es  or  other  loose  material,  at  the 
surface  of  the  ground. 

Pupa. — Long  and  slender;  \ery  lively  in  its  motions  if  dis- 
turbed, often  giving  itself  a  peculiar  rapid  rotary  motion,  the  point 
of  the  cremaster  and  head  of  the  pupa  only  touching  the  ground. 
Color  very  shiny  red-brown,  curiously  marked  with  black,  as  foUow^s: 
on  the  head  above  between  the  eyes,  legs  and  antennae  cases  each 
with  a  streak  centrally,  wing  cases  in  all  the  interspaces  between  the 
veins  somewhat  interrupted  basally,  thorax  marked  obscurely  with 
several  streaks  following  around  its  edge,  each  abdominal  segment 
has  a  transverse  band  posteriorly  and  many  little  transverse  streaks, 
beside  marks  between  the  segments,  all  becoming  more  extended 
posteriorly,  so  that  the  last  segment  is  nearly  all  black,  only  a  brown 
line  being  left.  Spiracles  black ;  cremaster  flat  and  broad,  with  two 
excavations  below,  narrowing  more  abruptly  for  its  last  half  and 
ending  in  a  thick  blunt  spine,  all  densely  punctured.  Body  sparsely 
punctured,  more  thickly  between  the  segments.  The  wing  cases 
show  obsolete  creases.  Length  of  pupa  about  60  mm. ;  greatest 
diameter  12  mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  about  twenty  days. 

Food-plant,  Carica  papaya.  Larvae  from  Dade  County,  Fla., 
near  Lake  Worth. 

Dilophonota  ello  Linne. 

Egg. — Nearly  spherical,  smooth,  and  of  a  dark  green  color. 
Diameter  about  1.5  mm.      Laid  singly  on  either  surface  of  the  leaf 

First  Larval  Stage. — Head  pale  yellow,  the  mouth  paler, 
but  the  eyes  and  ends  of  jaws  black.  Width  probably  6  mm.  Body 
pale  green,  with  a  dark  dorsal  shade _  Later  it  is  seen  to  be  annu- 
lated  and  dotted  with  small,  pale  whitish  spots.  An  obscure  white 
subdorsal  band.  The  caudal  horn  is  black,  2.5  nVm.  long.  Length 
of  larva  6  mm. 

Second  Larval  Stage. — Head  pale  greenish  yellow,  not 
shiny.      Mouth  and  palpi  paler;  an  obscure  vertical  pale  line.     Eyes 


—  144— 

black.  Width  probably  i  mm.  Body  yellowish  green,  the  leaves 
it  has  eaten  showing  as  a  darker  shade;  marked  as  before,  but  more 
distinctly.  Caudal  horn  very  pale  yellow,  blackish  at  the  tip,  red- 
dish at  the  base  and  3.5  mm.  long.  Larva  12  mm.  Later  the  horn 
is  reddish  with  small  black  spines;  a  \ery  faint  purplish  shade  on 
joint  4  concealed  by  the  fold.     Feet  reddish. 

Third  Larval  Stage.— Head  yellowish  green,  the  jaws  and 
bases  of  the  palpi  paler.  The  lower  joint  of  the  palpus  is  red,  the 
eyes  black.  A  faint  paler  band  continues  the  subdorsal  line  of  the 
body.  Width  of  head  i.S  mm.  Body  whitish  green,  with  many 
round,  small,  whitish  spots  separated  in  the  subdorsal  space  bv  in- 
terrupted, wavy,  black  lines.  A  whitish  subdorsal  line,  edged  above 
with  black,  converges  at  both  ends,  ending  at  the  horn  and  being- 
faint  on  joint  2.  On  the  anterior  part  of  joint  4  is  a  black  spot  with 
a  white  line  in  the  center,  surrounded  by  a  whitish  diffuse  circle  and 
supplemented  by  two  dark  red  spots  one  at  each  side.  Horn  yellow, 
reddish  at  the  base  with  small  black  spines.  Spiracles  yellow,  with 
a  red  spot  centrally.  .  Thoracic  feet  reddish  orange;  abdominal 
tinged  with  the  same  color.  Length  of  horn  4.5  mm.;  of  larva 
20  mm. 

Fourth  Larval  Stage. — Head  flattened  in  front  and  at  the 
sides,  partly  withdrawn  under  the  skin  of  joint  2.  Color  pale  green, 
minutely  roughened.  A  broad,  pale  whitish  band  before  the  eyes, 
continues  the  subdorsal  line  of  the  body.  Eyes  black,  mouth  pale, 
the  tips  of  the  jaws  black;  palpi  reddish.  A  few  minute  hairs  over 
the  surface.  Width  3  mill.  Body  whitish  green,  with  many  yel- 
lowish round  spots  separated  by  longitudinal,  wa\y,  interrupted 
black  lines,  which  are  fainter  on  the  sides  and  absent  on  the  venter. 
A  pale  yellow  subdorsal  band,  narrowly  edged  above  with  black, 
except  on  joint  2,  ends  at  the  horn.  There  is  a  trace  of  a  dorsal 
line  on  joint  3.  Caudal  horn  pale  yellow,  reddish  at  the  base,  mi- 
nutely spinose,  the  spines  brown.  Length  6  mm.  Cervical  shield 
and  anal  plates  pale  green,  with  small,  white,  elevated  spots.  In 
the  fold  on  the  anterior  part  of  joint  3  is  a  white  and  a  purplish 
shade,  and  the  mark  partly  concealed  in  the  fold  on  anterior  part  of 
joint  4.  consists  of  a  round  black  spot  with  a  central  line  surrounded 
by  a  broad  yellowish  white  ring  and  beyond  this  a  reddish  pink 
shade  to  the  subdorsal  line,  which  is  here,  and  at  the  mark  on  joint 
3,  nearly  white  and  crossed  faintly  by  the  purplish  shade.  Spira- 
cles white,  crossed  by  a  central  black  band.  Thoracic  feet  pinkish, 
thrice  annulate  with  black.  The  abdominal  feet,  of  which  the  three 
anterior  pair  are  less  well  developed  than  the  rest,  are  pale  reddish 


—  145— 

with  a  black  band  and  clampers  whitish.  Later  they  become  nearly 
as  in  the  last  stage  (except  the  pair  on  joint  13,  which  are  plain), 
but  the  lower  white  band  and  the  olive  gray  band  are  replaced  by 
reddish,  divided  by  a  brown  line.     Length  of  larva  about  40  mm. 

Fifth  Larval  Stage. — The  mature  larva  varies  from  dark 
green  of  the  color  of  the  leaf  of  its  food-plant  to  brown.  The  green 
form  has  the  markings  of  the  brown  form  more  or  less  obsolescent. 
The  subdorsal  line  is  usually  distinct,  the  marks  in  the  folds  pale, 
affecting  the  sub-dorsal  line  much  as  in  the  previous  stage.  The 
brown  form  is  as  follows:  Head  flattened  at  the  sides,  white,  the 
sutures  marked  with  black  and  the  following  black  marks;  a  short 
line  in  the  center  of  the  triangular  plate  basally;  two  shades  on 
either  side  of  the  central  suture,  converging  slightly  vertically;  a 
line  up  from  the  base  of  the  palpus,  dilated  centrally  and  blended 
inwardly;  a  short  line  covering  the  eyes  and  a  line  on  the  posterior 
portion  of  the  side  of  the  head.  Palpi  tipped  with  reddish.  Head 
minutely  and  sparsely  pilose;  width,  5  mm.  The  caudal  horn  is  a 
conical  rounded  tubercle,  from  an  elevated  base,  white.  Body  pur- 
plish gray,  with  many  round,  small,  diffiise  yellowish  spots,  and 
longitudinal,  short,  wavy  black  lines  between  them,  more  pronounced 
above  the  sub-dorsal  line  and  forming  its  border.  This  converges 
on  joint  3  and  forms  a  continuation  of  the  lines  of  the  head.  This 
line  also  converges  on  joint  12  and  ends  at  the  horn.  A  series  of 
black  shaded  dorsal  spots  on  joints  5-1 1  anteriorly.  Laterally,  and 
especially  in  patches  between  the  segments  sujDcrstigmatally,  the 
yellowish  spots  are  paler  and  enlarged,  some  partly  confluent,  giv- 
ing the  body  a  paler  appearance,  while  the  black  lines  are  fewer  and 
more  diffuse.  The  dorsum  of  joint  2  imitates  the  markings  of  the 
head,  having  a  dorsal  line  and  the  sub-dorsal  space  filled  in  with  a 
dull  olive  shading.  Below  this  it  has  a  broad  white  band;  joint  3  is 
suffiised  o\-er  the  dorsum  with  a  nearly  uniform  purplish  flush,  but 
the  markings  reappear  on  the  posterior  part,  widened  and  more 
diffuse  and  end  on  the  fold  on  the  anterior  part  of  joint  4,  which  has 
nearly  concealed  a  round  black  spot,  bisected  by  a  narrow  blue  line 
surrounded  by  a  white  ring,  and  this  nearly  enclosed  by  an  olive- 
brown  shade,  replaced  by  pinkish  to  the  sub-dorsal  line.  \'enter 
pale,  the  black  marks  nearly  lost.  Thoracic  feet  white,  with  three 
black  rings;  the  abdominal  (of  which  the  last  two  pair  are  best  de- 
veloped) on  joints  7-10  are  as  follows:  Base  white,  next  a  broad 
velvety  black  stripe,  then  a  powdery  blue  stripe,  a  yellowish  one 
edged  by  a  narrow  blackish  line  and  followed  by  a  white  band,  a 
black  line,  a  broad  olive-gray  band  and  the  claspers  white.     Anal 


— 146 — 

feet  unornamented,  the  plates  yellowish  gray,  with  rather  few  elevated 
white  spots.  Spiracles  white,  bisected  by  a  gray  band.  Length  of 
larva  80-100  mm. 

Cocoon. — Formed  of  threads  and  loose  material  at  the  surface 
of  the  ground. 

Pupa. — Of  similar  shape  to  that  of  Dilophonota  edzuardsii,  but 
much  more  robust  and  less  lively.  It  is  marked  after  the  same  pat- 
tern in  black  and  red-brown,  but  the  black  is  very  extensive,  cover- 
ing nearly  the  whole  pupa.  Color  black,  very  shiny,  marked  ob- 
scurely with  red-brown  on  the  veins  of  the  wing  cases  and  on  the 
leg  cases;  a  curved  line  at  the  back  part  of  the  thorax,  and  a  more 
distinct,  wavy,  narrow  band  around  each  of  the  anterior  abdominal 
segments.  Body  punctured  between  the  segments;  wing  cases  and 
thorax  creased.  Cremaster  flat,  somewhat  rounding  above  and 
below,  broad  at  the  base  and  tapering  evenly  to  the  front:  densely 
punctured.  Length  of  pupa  55  mm. ;  width,  13  mm.  Duration  of 
the  larval  stages  from  three  to  seven  days;  of  the  pupa  twenty-eight 
days. 

Food-plant,  Euphorbia  cyathophora.  Larva?  from  Dade  Co., 
Florida. 


CONTRIBUTIONS    TO\A/^ARD    A    MONOGRAPH    OF 

THE    NOCTUIDiE    OF    TEMPERATE 

NORTH    AMERICA. 

Revision  of  Scopelosoma  Curtis. 

BY    JOHN    B.    SMITH. 
Genus  SCOPELOSOMA  Curtis. 
183S  Curtis,  British  Insects  xiv,  635. 
Eyes  naked,   strongly  lashed;  the  lengthy  strong  hair  almost 
meeting  over  the  eye.      Head  strongly  retracted,  the  front  clothed 
with  short,  loose,  somewhat  divergent  vestiture;  palpi  very  short, 
scarcely  reaching  the  front.     The  antennae  are  simple,   or  with  a 
single  lateral  bristle  in  the  9  ;  simple,  with  lateral  tufts  of  fine  short 
hair  in  the    "b  .     Thorax  quadrate,  somewhat  depressed;  vestiture 
hairy,  in  some  species  with  elongate  scales  intermixed;  rather  long 
and  decumbent,  smooth.     The  collar  is  slightly  prominent  in  front, 
and  there  is  an  elevated  anterior  crest,  very  distinct  in  good  speci- 
mens.    The  abdomen  is  depressed,  in  the  %   more  or  less  flattened, 
little  or  not  exceeding  anal  angle  of  secondaries.     The  legs  are  un- 
armed, and  the  underside  is  rather  thickly  clothed  with  woolly  hair. 


—  147- 


The  primaries  are  sliort,   subequal,   with  rectan.milar  apices,   outer 
margin  straight  to  middle,  then  obliqnely  inward,  angle  not  retracted. 

The  genitalia  of  the  l  ,  so  iar  as  known,  are  referable  to  three 
types,  or  rather  there  are  two  types,  and  two  of  the  species  which 
are  otherwise  very  close  to  others  are  aberrant  in  this  respect. 

The  species  are  readily  divisible  into  two  series — the  first  with 
broader  primaries,  bright  colors— yellow  forming  a  prominent  feat- 
ure, distinct,  oblique  or  slighdy  sinuate  median  shade  line,  and  well 
defined  ordinary  spots;  the  second  with  distinctly  narrower  prima- 
ries, dull  colors  of  which  luteous  usually  forms  a  base,  median  shade 
line  usually  distinct,  but  angulated  above  middle.  Ordinary  spots 
not  defined,  orbicular  in  all  except  s-stigmata  obsolete.  The  first 
series  contains  grafiana,  moffatiana,  pettiti  and  ceromatica.  Except 
moffatiana,  these  species  have  practically  similar  genitalia.  The 
harpes  are  broad,  the  upper  margin  thicker,  chitinous,  curved  and 
produced  into  a  blunt,  rounded  tip,  from  the  lower  edge  of  which 
projects  a  small  acute  spur.  The  clasper  is  a  rather  long,  stout, 
corneous  hook,  extending  nearly  to  the  end  of  the  projecting  harpe, 
and  but  moderately  curved.  The  slight  differences  in  detail  between 
the  species  are  better  noted  by  a  comparison  of  figures  than  by  any 
description. 

I  head  the  species  with  grafiajia,  which  is  pale  ocher-yellow, 
with-  rigid,  single,  median  lines  and  an  almost  equally  rigid  median 
shade  line. 

Moffatiana  is  closely  allied  in  color  and  maculation;  so  closely 
indeed,  that  for  a  long  time  they  were  considered  identical.  The 
superficial  differences  narrow  to  a  deeper,  more  reddish  ground 
color,  and  less  rigid  transverse  lines.  The  t.  a.  line  especially,  is  in 
this  species  usually  bent  on  the  subcostal  vein.  The  $  genitalia 
are  of  an  entirely  different  type  from  the  other  species  of  the  group. 
The  harpes  are  narrow,  elongate,  the  upper  margin  straight,  the 
inferior  margin  obliquely  curved,  meeting  the  u]:)per  margin  in  an 
acute  point  at  tip.  From  the  middle  of  upper  margin  extends  a 
corneous  rib,  obliquely  downward  and  projecting  as  a  spur  consid- 
erably beyond  the  margin  of  harpe.  The  clasper  arises  rather  near 
the  base  of  the  harpe,  is  stout,  strong,  obtuse  and  somewhat  enlarged 
at  tip  and  forms  an  irregular  half  circle.  This  strong  difference  in 
species  otherwise  so  nearly  allied  is  remarkable. 

Pettiti  is  a  small  species,  the  smallest  of  the  genus  in  fact,  the 
ground  color  like  moffatiana,  but  all  the  maculation  indistinct.  From 
both  the  preceding  it  difters  by  the  crenulate  t.  p.  line. 

Ceromatica  agrees  with  pettiti  in  the  crenulate  t.  p.  line,  but  it 


-148- 

is  much  larger,  and  the  color  is  an  intense  orange-red,  with  violet 
powderings. 

The  second  series  contains  the  remainder  of  the  species,  and 
these  again  with  the  exception  of  vimilenta  agree  in  genital  structure. 
The  harpes  are  rather  elongate,  of  moderate  width,  equal  to  near 
tip,  then  suddenly  narrowed  and  bent,  the  tip  again  somewhat 
broader,  obliquely  truncate  or  rounded,  inwardly  fringed  with  very 
fine  spinules.  The  clasper  extends  along  upper  margin  of  harpes 
to  the  bend,  is  there  very  abruptly  curved  and  extends  straight 
downward,  considerably  beyond  the  tip  of  harpes. 

Tristigmaia,  zvalkerii  and  sidus  have  the  t.  p.  line  dark  and 
crenulate;  viorrisoni  and  devia  have  it  pale  and  even. 

Tristigmata  has  the  orbicular  distinct,  and  the  claviform  evi- 
cient,  differing  by  the  first  of  these  characters  from  the  others  in 
this  series  by  the  second  from  all  the  others  of  the  genus.  The  color 
is  a  reddish  luteous. 

Walkej'ii  lacks  the  orbicular,  has  the  reniform  usually  marked 
with  white,  and  is  reddish  luteous,  powdery. 

Sidus,  of  which  vimilenta  is  undoubtedly  a  synonym,  differs 
superficiallv  onlv  in  the  dull,  somewhat  rusty  red-brown  color.  The 
maculation  is  identical,  but  usuall}^  more  strongly  marked.  The 
genitalia  are  very  different,  and  somewhat  like  vioffatiana;  the  harpes 
are  moderately  wide,  lower  margin  excavate  near  tip,  which  narrows 
to  an  obtuse  point.     The  clasper  is  like  that  of  inojfatiana. 

Morrisoni  is  again  luteous  reddish,  like  zvalkerii,  but  differs  as 
already  indicated  by  the  even,  pale  t.  p.  line. 

Devia  is  more  mouse-gray  in  color,  with  white  powderings. 
The  distinctive  feature  of  the  species  is  a  broad,  oblique  shade 
through  s.  t.  space,  and  the  approximate  median  lines. 

In  synoptic  form  the  species  are  distinguishable  as  follows: 

Wider  winged  species;  ocher  yellow  to  dark  brick  red.  the  median  shade 
prominent;  ordinary  spots  large,  defined. 
T.  p.  line  very  distinct,  even,  not  crenulate  or  marked  on  veins. 

Paler  ocher  yellow;  t.  a.  line  upright grxfiaua. 

Darker  yellow;  t.  a.  line  obtusely  angulate  on  subcostal  vein,  moffatiana. 
T.  p.  line  less  contrasting,  crenulate,  marked  on  veins  by  darker  jioints. 

Reddish  ocher  yellow;  size  smaller pettiti. 

Dark  orange-red,  with  violet  powderings;  larger   ....     ceromatica. 
Narrower  winged  species;  luteous  to  red-brown;  median  shade  less  distinct; 
ordinary  spots  smaller,  indefinite  or  obsolete. 
T.  p.  line  crenulate;  dark. 

Orbicular  distinctly,  claviform  faintly  indicated tristigmata. 

Orbicular  and  claviform  wanting. 


—  149— 

Luteous  to  fuscous  or  reddish  powdery walkerii. 

Red-brown sidus. 

T.  p.  line  even,  pale. 

Variable  in  color;  luteous  to  brown;  t.  p.  line  irregularly  sinuate;  s.  t. 

line  irregular,  angulate morrisoili. 

Sordid  luteous  gray;  t.  p.  line  evenly  bisinuate;  a  distinct,  rigidly  oblique 
pale  shade  line  through  s.  t.  space devia. 

S.  graefiana. 

1S74,  Grt.  Buff.  Bull,  ii,  69,  Scopelosovia. 
1S82,  Grt.  %  111.  Essay  65,  pi.  3,  fig.  438,  Scopelosoma. 
Rather  pale  yellow,  with  orange  irroration;    transverse  lines  distinct, 
brown.     Basal  line  distinct.     T.  a.  line  rigidly  upright,  or  slightly  ol)lique. 

T.  p.  line  inwardly  oblique;  with  a  small  out- 
ward curve  on  costa,  thence  rigid  to  hind 
margin.  A  distinct,  slightly  arcuate  median 
shade  line  equally  distinct  from  costa  to  inner 
'  \-  margin;  forming  inner  boundary  of  reniform. 
S.  t.  line  very  faint,  barely  traceable,  irreg- 
ular, punctiform.  A  row  of  terminal  lunules. 
Ordinary  spots  concolorous,  ringed  with  brown.  Orbicular  small,  round; 
reniform  large,  slightly  constricted  medially.  Secondaries  pale  yellow,  with 
an  outer  darker  line.  Beneath  pale  yellow,  with  a  more  or  less  complete 
outer  line;  secondaries  with  discal  lunule.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous 
with  primaries.  Antennae  of  ^  with  fine  lateral  tuftings,  of  ?  perfectly 
simple.  Ex^Muds  1.30 — 1.50  inch.;  2il — 38  mni- 
Hab. — New  York  northward. 

The  differences  between  this  species  and  the  closely  alHed  mof- 
fatiana  are  elsewhere  discussed. 

S.  moffatiana  Grt. 

1882,  Grt.,  Bull.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  vi,  5S3,  Scopelosoma. 
grcefiaiia  %  Grt. 

1882,  Grt.,  111.  Essay  65,  pi.  3,  fig.  38,  Scopelosoma. 
1882,  Grt.,  Bull,  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.  vi,  583,  pr,  syn. 
Rather  deep  reddish  yellow,  the  lines  distinct,  darker  brown.     T.  a.  line 
somewhat  arcuate,  rarely  nearly  rigid.     T.  p.  line  with  an  initial  curve  on 

costa,  thence  inwardly  oblique  and  usually 
somewhat  arcuate  to  hind  margin.  S.  t. 
line  faint,  irregular.  A  row  of  terminal 
lunules;  median  shade  line  rather  broad, 
^  diffuse,  subsinuate.     Ordinarj-  spots  con- 

colorous with  brown  outlines;  orbicular 
rather  small,  round;  reniform  large,  somewhat  constricted  at  middle.  Sec- 
ondaries pale  yellow,  with  a  reddish  suffusion,  the  outer  line-  of  underside 
sometimes  faintly  reproduced.  Beneath  as  in  grcrfiana.  Head  and  thorax 
concolorous  with  primaries.  Expands  1.40— 1.50  inch.;  35—37  mni. 
Hab. — New  York,  northward. 


— 150— 

S.  pettiti  Grt. 

1S75,  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.  vii,  ISS,  Scope/osoma. 
1877,  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.  ix,  213,  Scopelosoma. 
Deep  reddish  yellow,  all  the  maculation  indistinct.     Basal  line  often  ob- 
solete.   T.  a.  line  upright,  often  obsolete.   T.  p.  line  oblique,  arcuate,  marked 
on  veins  with  black  points,  which  makes  it  seem  cren- 
ulated.     S.  t.   line  indistinct,  also  marked  with  faint 
blackish  shades  on  the  veins.      A  row  of  indistinct 
terminal  lunules;  median  shade  rather  diffuse,  always 
distinct;  slightly  or  not  at  all  sinuate.     Ordinary  spots 
concolorous,  faintly  outlined;  orbicular  small,   round, 
often  scarcely  discernible;  reniform  large,  more  obvious,  with  a  blackish  spot 
inferiorly.     Secondaries  pale  yellow,  with  a  faint  reddish  suffusion.     Beneath 
as  \n  grcTjiaua  and  uiojfatiixna.     Expands  i.io  inch.;  27  mm. 
Hab. — Canada,  Iowa,  New  York. 

This  species  is  readily  distinguished  from  all  the  broad  winged 
forms  by  the  obsolete  maculation  and  small  size.  From  ceromatica, 
its  nearest  ally,  it  is  distinguished  by  the  much  more  yellowish-red 
color. 

S.  ceromatica  Grt. 

1S74,  Grt.,  Buff.  Bull,  ii,  70,  Scopelosoma. 
1874,  Grt.,  Buff.  Bull,  ii,  125,  Xauthia. 

Rather  dark  orange-red,  with  violet  powderings;  terminal  ^pots  some- 
what darker;  median  lines  brown.  T.  a.  line  upright,  or  but  feebly  arcuate, 
even.  T.  p.  line  parallel  with,  and  rather  close  to  outer  margin,  crenulate; 
the  points  blackish.  S.  t.  line  irregular,  inwardly 
diffuse,  slightly  paler;  outwardly  limited  by  the 
darker  terminal  space.  Basal  line  barely  trace- 
able. A  distinct,  slightly  sinuate  median  shade 
line,  touching  outer  boundary  of  reniform.  Or- 
bicular small,  round,  concolorous,  with  darker  outline  and  a  pale  inner  an- 
nulus.  Reniform  large,  kidney  shaped,  darker,  with  pale  ring;  inferiorly 
there  is  a  blackish  dot.  Secondaries  luteous,  with  an  orange  suffusion. 
Head  and  thorax  concolorous  with  primaries.  Beneath  pale  yellowish  orange, 
with  a  red-brown  outer  line;  secondaries  with  discal  lunule.  Antennte  of  (^ 
thicker  and  ciliate;  of  9  more  slender  and  simple.  Expands  1.20 — 1.40  inch.; 
30—35  mm. 

Hab. — New  Jersey,  New  York,  Maine,  New  Hampshire,  Canada. 

A  very  distinct  form,  recognizable  by  the  deep  orange  color  and 
violet  powderings;  it  is  the  most  intensely  colored  of  the  wide 
winged  species. 

S.  tristigmata  Grt. 

1S77,  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.  ix,  156,  Scopelosoma. 
1SS4,  Thaxter,  Can.  Ent.  xvi,  ^^  (life  history). 
Reddish  luteous,  with  black  powdering,  transverse   lines  and  ordinary 


spots  distinct;  terminal  space  darker,  more  heavily  powdered.  Basal  line 
distinct,  black.  T.  a.  line  npright,  somewhat  irregular,  varying  in  shade  from 
brown  to  black.     T.  p.  line  black,  parallel  with  outer  margin,  with  black 

points  on  veins  making  it  crenate.  A 
more  or  less  broken  brown  shade  in  s.  t. 
space  serves  to  indicate  the  concolor- 
ous  s.  t.  line.  Through  the  median 
space  is  a  dark  brown  shade,  outwardly 
angulate,  the  angle  touching  the  black 
filling  of  inferior  portion  of  reniform; 
the  latter  is  large,  not  defined,  usually 
of  a  paler  shade  of  ground  color,  but 
often  white;  always,  however,  the  inferior  portion  is  black  filled.  The  or- 
bicular is  small,  round,  concolorous,  neatly  brown  ringed.  The  claviform  is 
small,  pointed,  inconspicuous,  but  evident  in  all  specimens  I  have  seen. 
Head  and  thorax  concolorous  with  primaries.  Secondaries  blackish  with 
reddish  fringes.  Beneath  reddish  powdery,  with  a  variably  distinct  outer  line 
and  discal  lunule.     Expands  1.20 — 1.40  inch.;  30 — 35  mm. 

Hab. — Dist.  Columbia,  New  York,  Massachusetts,  New  Hamp- 
-shire,  Maine,  Canada. 

A  very  distinct  species,  evidently  belonging  to  the  narrow  winged 
series,  and  yet  with  considerable  likeness  in  maculation  and  habitus 
to  the  wider  winged  forms.  The  black  spot  in  inferior  portion  of 
reniform,  the  evident  claviform,  the  darker  terminal  space  and  crenu- 
lated  t.  p.  line  are  distinctive. 

S.  walkerii  Grt. 

1864,  Grt.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil,  ii,  439,  pi.  9, 'tig.  5,  Dichagramiiia. 

1S73,  Grt.,  Buff.  Bull,  i,  192,  Scope/osoma. 

1874,  Grt.,  Buff.  Bull,  ii,  71,  ?  an  var.  sidus. 

1S75,  Grt.,  List  Noctuicke,  an  sp.  dist. 

1S82,  Grt.,  New  List,  an  var.  sidus. 

1884,  Thaxter,  Can.  Ent.  xvi,  31,  an  sp.  dist.  vinulenta  (life  history). 

Reddish  luteous,  powdery,  maculation  often  indistinct,  subobsolete. 
Basal  line  rarely  traceable.  T.  a.  line  often  indistinct,  or  even  entirely  want- 
ing; when  present,  rigidly  upright,  pale  or  dusky,  preceded  by  a  narrow  pale 

shade.  T.  p.  line  well  removed  toward, 
and  parallel  with  the  outer  margin;  crenu- 
late,  dusky  or  blackish;  often  indistinct. 
.S.  t.  line  very  faint,  concolorous,  barely 
traceable,,  sometimes  more  relieved  by 
blackish  powderings  at  either  side;  median 
shade  variably  distinct,  angulate;  the  angle  touching  the  reniform  inferiorly. 
Orbicular  wanting;  reniform  a  narrow,  blackish  lunule,  usually  with  a  larger 
ovate  white  spot  in  the  middle  and  small  white  dots  at  the  tips.  Secondaries 
smoky  to  blackish,  with  pale  fringes,  variably  shaded  with  reddish.  Beneath 
with  a  dusky  common  line,  variably  complete;  and  a  discal  lunule.    Antennce 


—  152  — 

laterally  bristled  in  both  sexes,  much  more  distinctly,  however,  in  the  (f. 
Head  and  thorax  concolorous  with  primaries.  Expands  1.25— 1.45  inch.; 
31—36  mm. 

Hab. — Texas,  Iowa,  New  York,  Canada,  Maine. 

In  this  species  the  tendency  is  to  an  obsolescence  of  all  mark- 
ings, and  not  infrequently  the  large  white  spot  in  the  reniform  will 
be  the  only  distinct  feature  of  the  wing.  Mr.  Thaxter,  in  describing 
the  larva  of  this  species,  concluded  it  distinct  from  sidiis  {vinu/e?ita),  a 
conclusion  which  is  strikingly  borne  out  by  the  structural  characters. 

S.  sidus  Gn. 

1852,  Gn.,  Sp.  Gen.  Noct.  1,  386,  Scopelosoma. 
1856,  Wlk.,  C.  B.  M.  Mus.  X,  454,  Etipsilia. 
i873>  Grt.,  Buff.  Bull.  i.  191,  Scopelosoma. 
1874,  Grt.,  Buff.  Bull,  ii,  71,  Scopelosoma. 

vhmle7ita  Grt. 
1S64,  Grt.,  Proc.  Ent.  .Soc.  Phil,  ii,  440,  pi.  9,  fig.  6,  Dichagramma. 

1873,  Grt,,  Buff.  Bull,  i,  191,  pr.  syn. 

1874,  Grt.,  Buff.  Bull,  ii,  70,  an  sp.  dist. 
1S82,  Grt.,  New  List,  an  var.  sidus. 

1S84,  Thaxter,  Can.  Ent.  xvi,  32  (life  history  1. 
\'inous  red-brown,  more  or  less  powdery,  terminal  space  darker,  all  the 
lines  distinct.    P]asal  line  distinct,  obsoletely  geminate,  included  space  paler, 

of  a  violet  tint.  T.  a.  line  rigidly  oblique, 
darker  brown,  with  a  preceding  violet 
shade.  T.  p.  line  blackish  brown,  parallel 
with  outer  margin,  somewhat  dentate  or 
crenate  on  veins.  S.  t.  line  broad,  con- 
colorous, or  but  slightly  paler,  marked  by  the  dusky  terminal  space,  and  a 
preceding  darker  brown  shade.  The  median  shade  is  blackish,  diffuse,  an- 
gulate  as  in  walkerii.  Reniform  also  as  in  zvalkerii,  orbicular  wanting.  Sec- 
ondaries blackish,  with  paler  reddish  fringes.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous. 
Beneath  rusty,  powdery,  disc  of  primaries  blackish;  a  common  outer  dark 
line  and  dark  discal  lunule.  Antennre  ciliate,  most  evidently  so  in  the  (^. 
Expands  1.20 — 1.40  inch.;  30 — 35  mm. 

Hab. — Texas,  New  York  to  Canada. 

The  only  one  of  the  narrow  winged  species  that  is  \'inous  brown 
in  color,  and  therefore  readily  distinguished.  The  affinities  of  the 
species  are  elsewhere  discussed.  It  is  variable  in  color,  and  the 
white  of  reniform  is  a  variable  quantity.  Sometimes  this  species 
and  ivalkerii  \\''\\  be  so  nearly  alike  in  color  that  it  will  require  close 
examination  to  properly  refer  a  specimen.  Both  in  genital  structure, 
however,  and  in  larval  history  they  are  distinct. 

S.  morrisoni  Grt.,  Buff.  Bull.  2,  70. 

1874,  Grt.,  Buff.  Bull,  ii,  70,  Scopelosoma. 
1884,  Thaxter,  Can.  Ent.  xvi,  yi,  life  history. 


^DJ 


Luteous  to  fen  urinous,  fintly  powdcrec];  median  lines  narrow,  pale,  even. 
Basal  line  pale,  often  indefinite  or  wanting.  T.  a.  line  rigidly  n]-)right,  or 
slightly  oblique,  rarely  faintly  sinuate.  T.  p.  line  variable;  rarely  rigidly  up- 
right, often  arcuate  or  sinuate,  usually  about 
parallel  with  outer  margin.  S.  t.  hue  faint, 
hardly  paler,  irregularly  dentate;  sometimes 
preceded  by  a  slightly  darker  shade.  Orbicular 
obsolete;  reniform  sometimes  obsolete,  more 
usually  marked  as  a  narrow,  slightly  paler,  rarely 
white  lunule,  interiorly  with  a  blackish  dot.  The  median  shade  line  is  indis- 
tinct, or  entirely  wanting.  Secondaries  blackish,  with  pale,  more  or  less 
reddish  fringes.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous  with  primaries.  Antennae 
(^  $  with  lateral  bristles  to  each  joint.    Expands  1.4c — 1.4S  inch. ;  35 — 37  mm. 

Had. — New  York,  Massachusetts,  northward  to  Canada. 
Distinguishable  by  the  even,   narrow,   pale   median  lines  and 
indistinct  irregularly  angulate  s.  t.  line. 

S.  devia  Grt. 

1874.  Grt.,  Proc.  Ac.  Nat.  .Sci.,  Phil.  1S74,  209,  Scope/osoina. 
1S84,  Tha.xter,  Can.  Ent.  xvi,  2,2),  life  history. 
Mouse-gray,  with  pale  powderings,  less  distinct  in  median  space;  median 
lines  whitish.  T.  a.  line  remote  from  base,  inwardly  obliciue,  even,  rigid. 
T.  p.  line  rather  narrower,  even,  bisinuate.  S.  t.  line  distinct,  pale,  irregu- 
larly sinuate;  through  the  middle  of  the  s.  t.  space 
is  a  rigidly  oblique,  rather  broad,  pale  shade  line. 
Orbicular  wanting,  reniform  narrowly  and  incom- 
pletely outlined.  The  basal  line  is  usually  trace- 
able, but  olten  absorbed  in  the  pale  powderings  of 
the  basal  space.  The  median  lines  are  unusually 
approximate.  Secondaries  a  shade  paler  than  primaries,  but  not  powdery. 
Beneath  like  secondaries  above;  powdery;  a  broad,  diffuse,  outer  line  on 
both  wings.  Head  and  thorax  concolorous  with  primaries;  abdomen  with 
secondaries.  The  $  antennae  are  laterally  bristled,  in  front  clothed  with 
pure  white  scales  for  half  their  length.     Exp.  1.20 — 1.32  inch.;  30—33  mm. 

Hab. — New  York  and  northward. 

This  species  is  very  readily  distinguished  by  the  absence  of  me- 
dian shade  line,  and  the  presence  of  a  broad  pale  shade  through  s.  t. 
space.      It  is  rather  rare. 


The  first  meeting  of  the  Entomological  Club  of  the  A.  A.  A.  S. 
will  be  held  at  the  room  of  the  Biological  Section,  at  the  State  House, 
Indianapolis,  Inch,  at  9  a.  m.,  Wednesday,  August  20th.  Members 
e.xpecting  to  attend  will  please  notify  the  President,  Prof  A.  J. 
Cook,  Agricultural  College,  Michigan,  or  the  Secretary  ;  and  all 
expecting  to  present  papers  are  urgently  requested  to  forward  titles 
to  F.  M.  Webster,  Sec'y,  Lafayette,  Ind. 


—  154— 
Remarks  on  the  Habits  of  some  species  of  Cleridae. 

BY    FRANK    H.    CHITTENDEN. 

Elasmoccrus  tenninahis  Say. — Last  year  at  Staten  Island,  May 
17th,  I  discox'ered  in  an  infested  grape  vine  a  larva  of  Phyinaiodes 
aintcnus,  to  which  was  attached  another  larva  engaged  in  devouring 
it  by  absorbing  its  juices.  The  predaceous  larva  had  begun  opera- 
tions at  the  caudal  extremity  of  the  Cerambycid,  about  one-quarter 
of  which  was  shriveled  up.  The  remainder  was  intact,  and  the  in- 
sect was  still  alive  when  placed  in  alcohol  two  days  later.  A  pupa 
found  at  the  same  time  was  almost  entirely  white,  greatly  resembling 
a  hymenopterous  pupa.  On  the  i8th  it  had  begun  to  color,  the 
elytra  assuming  a  darker  hue,  and  on  the  following  day  the  species 
was  recognizable. 

Trichodes  apivonis  Germ. — I  ha\-e  found  on  the  flowers  of 
Solidago  and  the  New  Jersey  tea  plant  (Ceanothus  americanus)  during 
July  and  August.      Ithaca,  N.  V. 

Clems  rosmarits  Say. — A  specimen  was  observed  last  year 
seated  on  the  leaf  of  a  shrub  devouring  a  small  Nitidulid,  Cerciis 
abdominalis.     Orange,  N.  J.,  June  9th. 

Thanasimzis  dubius  Fab.  is  probably  restricted,  at  least  in  its 
adolescent  stages,  to  the  Coniferae.  It  appears  early  in  the  Spring 
and  preys  upon  pine-boring  Scolytidae. 

Clems  thoracicus  Oliv.  is  quite  common  in  this  \'icinity,  occur- 
ring on  a  variety  of  deciduous  trees  during  May  and  June.  I  have 
bred  specimens  from  the  following:  Pear  tree  February  nth  and 
March  2d;  Butternut,  March  i8th;  Chestnut,  May  ist  to  14th; 
Willow,  April  8th.  This  species  is  undoubtedly  predaceous,  and  I 
suspect  lives  at  the  expense  of  various  Cerambycid  larvae.  One 
specimen  reared  from  a  Chestnut  twig,  attacked  and  made  a  meal 
off  the  abdomen  of  an  Anthaxia,  which  had  bred  from  the  same 
wood. 

Unfortunately,  I  have  not  preserved  good  specimens  of  the 
larvae.  Full  grown  specimens  are  about  a  quarter  of  an  mch  in 
length,  of  a  nearly  uniform  purplish  hue,  hairy,  and  the  thorax  is 
ornamented  by  two  dark  spots.  The  last  segment  terminates  in  two 
corneous  appendages  of  a  dark  brown  color. 

When  full  grown  the  larva  forms  a  burrow,  often  in  the  disused 
gallery  of  some  Longicorn,  or  other  wood  borer,  lining  it  with  a 
silvery  silken  substance.  One  of  these  burrows  in  my  possession 
measures  80  mm.  in  length  and  2-3  mm.  in  diameter. 


—  155— 

The  pupa,  like  others  of  the  family  that  have  come  under  my 
notice,  does  not  exhibit  the  characteristic  structural  features  of  the 
adult  insect.  One  larva  taken  March  loth  had  assumed  the  pupal 
stage  on  the  23d,  and  became  a  perfect  insect  April  8th. 

Thaneroclenis  sayigidnens  Say,  has  similar  habits  to  the  fore- 
going-. One  specimen  was  found  dormant  in  a  burrow  which  it  had 
constructed  in  the  dead  wood  of  an  Oak,  March  27th;  another  was 
taken  from  dead  Maple  wood,  May  9th,  both  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  Two 
examples  were  found  by  Mr.  G.  W.  J.  Angell  at  Rangeley  Lakes, 
Maine.  May  20th,  on  a  pile  of  cut  Bnxh,  one  of  them  taken  from 
the  wood. 

Hydnocera  wiifasciata  Say. — Taken  on  Chestnut  and  Tulii)  trees 
July  6th  to  20th. 

H.  hiimeralis  Say. ^Occurs  in  numbers  on  the  common  Bay 
berry  (Myrica  cerifera)  at  the  beaches  in  the  \-icinity  of  New  York 
City — Highland  Beach.  N.  J.,  Rockaway  Beach,  L.  I.,  June  iSth 
to  July  3d. 

//.  pallipeiinis  Say. — Occurs  with  H.  unifasciata,  July  24th  to 
September  8th. 

H.  verticalis  Say. — Bred  from  Hickory  twigs  June  15th  to  29th. 
Occurs  on  Hickory  leaves  July  9th  to  26th. 

H.  longicoUis  Ziegl. — Bred  from  a  larva  found  under  the  bark 
of  Witch-hazel  (Hamamelis  virginica).  It  was  taken  from  the  blind 
end  of  a  burrow  that  had  been  made  by  some  beetle — presumably  a 
Cerambycid — of  the  size  of  Phymatodes  variabilis,  and  was  hemmed 
in  by  a  layer  of  castings  about  half  an  inch  long.  The  burrow  was 
lined  with  a  silvery  substance  somewhat  like  that  observed  in  the 
burrows  of  Clems  thoraciacs.  The  larva  when  found,  April  26th, 
was  about  to  pupate:  it  transformed  in  confinement  May  22d.  I 
have  also  bred  this  species  from  Hickory  twigs,  and  have  found  the 
beetles  on  the  leaves  of  Hickory  in  July. 

Phyllob(smis  dislocatus  Say. — Bred  from  Butternut  twigs  May 
4th.     Occurs  in  this  vicinity  in  June. 

Chariessa  pilosa  Forst. — Bred  from  a  larva  found  in  a  Hickory 
twig  at  South  Woodstock,  Conn.,  on  October  30th.  Imago  devel- 
oped in  May.  Also  taken  at  Ithaca,  June  14th  />/  copula  on  the 
trunk  of  a  Butternut  tree. 

Laricobius  erichsoni  Rosen. — Abundant  in  early  Spring  on  the 
foliase  of  White  Pines. 


-156- 
SYNOPSES  OF  CERAMBYCIDiE. 

BY    CHARLES    W.    LEXG,    B.    S. 

(Continued  from  p.  no,  vol.  vi.) 

GAUROTES  LeConte. 
This  genus  was  separated  by  Dr.  LeConte  for  our  common 
Eastern  species  cyanipennis,  and  now  contains  three  species  readily 
recognized  by  the  shining  green  elytra,  which  are  sparsely  and 
weakly  punctured  in  the  typical  .'species,  more  strongly  in  abdoiui- 
nalis,  and  quite  closely  and  deeply  in  cressoni.  The  character  used 
to  mark  the  genus  in  the  "  Classification,"  and  which  we  ha\'e  fol- 
lowed above,  is,  strictly  speaking,  confined  to  cyanipennis,  i.  e.  the 
protuberant  mesosternum.  Mr.  Frederick  Blanchard  first  called 
attention  (Bull.  Br.  Ent.  Soc.  vii,  p.  io8)  to  the  tact  that  the  meso- 
sternum is  not  at  all  protruberant  in  abdominalis,  and  only  feebly  so 
in  cressoni,  and  the  three  species  might  indeed  form  the  types  of 
three  genera.  We  do  not  find  any  better  character,  and  the  color, 
fortunately,  renders  them  easy  to  distinguish  and  serves  to  separate 
them  one  from  another. 

Synopsis. 

Abdomen  black,  legs  and  antennre  pale     ........     cyailipenilis. 

Abdomen  pale,  legs  and  antennfe  pale,  except  basal  joint   .     .     abdominalis. 
Abdomen  pale,  legs  bicolored,  antennje  piceous;  larger  species    .     cressoni. 

G,  cyanipennis  Say,  I.  A.  P.  iii,  1S23,  p.  423;  ionc  Newn.,  Ent.  1S42,  p.  30; 
Iconardi  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  1S47,  p.  60;  chalybca  Hald. 
1.  c;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  331;  scrvillei S&rw,  Ann.  Fr.  1S35, 
p.  214. 
Length  9 — 10  mm.  =  .36 — .40  inch.  Habitat. — Can.,  N.  H.,  JMass.,  N.  Y., 
N.  J.,  Pa.,  Va.,  Carolina,  Ky.,  Mich.,  Ark. 

G.  abdominalis  P>!and,  Proc  Ent.  Soc.  i,  1S62,  p.  270. 

Lengtli  10  mm.  ^  .40  inch.     Hab. — N.  H.,  Va.,  Pa. 

G.  cressoni  Bland,  1.  c.  1S64,  p.  69. 

Length  11  mm.  =  .44  inch.     Hab. — Rocky  Mts.,  Col,  Nev. 

BELLAMIRA  LeConte. 
B.  scalaris  Say,  J.  A.  P.,  v,  2.  1S27,  p.  27S;  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  1847, 
p.  65;  coarctatiis  Hald.,  1.  c.  p.  59;  Dej.,  Cat.  3,  ed.  p.  380. 
Length  19—27  mm.  =  .76—1.08  mch.     Hab.— Can.,  N.  H.,  N.  Y.,  Pa., 
Mich.,  N.  J.,  Md.,  S.  \V.  Va.,  La. 

A  large  handsome  insect,  chestnut-brown  in  color  with  a  long 
attenuated  abdomen,  which  gives  it  a  wasp-like  aspect.  The  form 
is  very  slender,  and  the  elytra  strongly  sinuate  as  in  the  next  genus. 
The  last  ventral  segment  in  the  male  is  very  strongly  excavated. 


—  157— 

STRANGALIA  Serville. 
The  form  is  clonoate  in  all  the  species  of  Sirangalia,  very 
markedly  in  all  but  sexnotata,  and  the  last  ventral  segment  of  the 
male  is  excavated,  strongly  in  all  but  the  last  two.  The  poriferous 
system  of  the  antennae  is  lacking  in  delicala,  but  is  present  in  the 
others,  and  is  contained  in  small,  oval,  depressed  spaces,  situated 
near  the  tip  of  the  sixth  and  following  joints.  The  following  syn- 
opsis is  copied  from  Dr.  LeConte's  of  1873,  with  delkata  the  only 
new  species  since  found,  interpolated.  It  will  be  noted  that  the 
generic  characters  become  weaker  in  the  last  species.  There  is  far 
less  variation  in  color  in  this  genus  than  in  Acmceops. 

Synopsis. 

^i\  —Body  very  elongate;  fifth  ventral  (j^  very  deeply  excavated,  so  as  to 
appear  emarginate,  lateral  lobes  thin,  expanded;  elytra  not 
fasciate. 
Hind  tarsi  with  third  joint  scarcely  emarginate. 
Ferruginous,  antennte  thicker;  elytra  more  coarsely  punctured  vvitli  pale 
sutural  markings;  fourth  ventral  c?  with  a  broad  apical  impres- 
sion      viriUs. 

Hind  tarsi  with  third  joint  strongly  emarginate. 
Above  testaceous,  head  sometimes  fuscous;  antennEe  blackish,  slender; 
prothorax  with  two  broad  black  vittae;  elytra  less  coarsely  punc- 
tured, with  black  marginal  spots;  beneath  usually  dark,  abdo- 
men sometimes,  and  legs  partly,  testaceous  ....  famelica. 
Black,  elytra  more  coarsely  punctured,  pale,  witli  margin  and  suture 
blackish;  tip  less  acuminate  and  more  distinctly  truncate  than 
in  the  preceding,  than  which  it  is  much  smaller  and  more  slender. 

acuminata. 

B._Body  very  elongate;   fifth  ventral  (^  more  or  less  excavated,   l)Ut  not 

emarginate,  lateral  lobes  not  or  merely  moderately  expanded; 

third  joint  of  hind  tarsi  emarginate. 

Ferruginous,  elytra  with  two  transverse  testaceous  bands  each  margined 

with  black strigosa. 

Rufo-testaceous;   prothorax  with  two  vittte,  elytra  with  three  transverse 
bands  black;  hind  thighs  black  at  tip;  antennte  yellowisli. 

luteicornis. 

Ferrugmous,  elytra  black •     biCOlor. 

Black,  abdomen  and  legs  ferruginous,  elytra  testaceous,  more  or  less  vittate 

with  black delicata. 

C— Body  less  elongate,   fifth  ventral  r^  only  triangularly  impressed;  sixth 
joint  of  antennae  without  sensitive  spot. 
Ferruginous,  elytra  paler,  with  three  large  spots  extending  from  the  margin 
nearly  to  the  sutute 6-notata. 

S.  virilis  Lee.  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  1873,  p.  212. 

Length  15 — 19  mm.  =  .60— .76  inch.     Hab. — Texas. 

8* 


—  I5S- 

S.  famelica  Newn.,  Ent.  1841,  p.  68;  HalcL,  Trans.  Am.  Phil.  .\,  p.  61;  aiigus- 
tata,  Dej.,  Cat.  3,  p.  381;  nigricornis.  Knoch,  i.  litt;  coufluenta. 
Hald.,  1.  c;  soli/aria,  Hald.,  1.  c. 
Length  13 — 14  mm.  =  .52 — .56  inch.     Hab. — -Mich.,  la.,  Ky.,  Pa.,  N.  \., 
N.  C,  Va..  Ga.,  Ala.,  Md.,  Mo.,  Ohio. 

Varies  entirely  black,  also  entirely  pale,  with  the  antennae  and 
parts  of  the  legs  dark.  Specimens  of  hdeicornis  sometimes  are 
called  by  this  name  when  the  elytral  bands  are  incomplete,  but  the 
two  species  may  be  separated  by  the  color  of  the  antennae  instantly, 
which  is  black  or  nearly  so  in  famelica  and  always  pale  in  bdeicor-nis. 

S.  acuminata  Oliv.,  1795'  Ent.   iv,  73,  p.  20,  t.  3,  fig.  35;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2, 
I,    1850,    p.    330;    eniaciata   Newn.,    Ent.   p.    68;    necydaloides, 
Knoch,  i.  litt. 
Length  8—9  mm.  ^  .32— .36  inch.     Hab.—Ci.,  N.  ^'..  N.  ]..  Pa. 

Varies  entirely  black. 

S.  strigosa  Newn.,  1841,  1.  c.  p.  69;  Hald.,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil,  iv,  p.  175. 
Length  16  nmi.  :=  .64  inch.     Hab  — Florida. 

S.  luteicornis  Fab.,  .Syst.  Ent.  1775,  p.  197;  Oliv.,  Ent.  iv,  73,  p.  20,  t.  3,  fig, 
34;  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  61. 
Length  9 — 13  mm.  =  .36 — .52  inch.     Hab. — N.  Y.,  Pa.,  \'a.,  N.  C,  Ga., 
Fla.,  Ky.,  Mass.,  La  ,  Can.,  Md.,  Ohio. 

S.  bicolor  Sweder.  \'et.  Ac.  Nya.  Handl.  viii,  1787,  p.   197;   Say,  J.  A.  P.  iii. 
p.  418. 
Length  12 — 14  mm.  =  .48 — .56  inch.    Hab. — Mich.,  Ky.,  Ohio,  Pa.,  Ga. , 
\'a.,  N.  Y.,  Ala.,  Can.  W. 

S.  delicata  Lee,  1874,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  .Soc.  v,  p.  97. 
Length  12  mm.  =  .48  inch.     Hab. — Cal.,  Nev. 

S.  sexnotata  Hald.,  1847,  b  c. 

Length  8 — 13  mm.  r=  .32 — .52  inch.     Hab. — Ga.,  Fla.,  Tex.,  N.  Mex., 
Mass. 

TYPOCERUS  LeConte. 
This  genus  contains  a  niunber  of  species  exactly  like  Lcptura 
in  general  form  and  in  coloring,  but  differing  by  the  large,  impressed, 
poriferous  spaces  on  the  antennae.  The  following  synopsis  follows 
that  of  Dr.  LeConte  (S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  213),  and  includes  the 
species  since  described. 

Synopsis. 

A. — Antenn:e  black,  with  sixth  and  following  joints  with  impressed  poriferous 
spaces;  prothorax  not  strongly  rounded  on  the  sides. 
Prothorax  very  coarsely  punctured. 
Prothorax  margined  before  and  behind  with  golden  hair,  legs  ferruginous. 
Elytra  acutely  acuminate,  with  indistinct  yellow  bands;  prothorax  nar- 
rowed from  the  base,  sides  subsinuate badius. 


—  159— 

Elvtra  less  acutely  acuminate,  black  with  three  hands  and  two  basal 

spots  yellow zebratus. 

Prothorax  margined  with  hair  at  base,  les^s  and  anteinue  black. 

Elytra  black,  with  a  broad  angulated  yellow  spot,  sometimes  divided, 
extending  from  the  base  to  the  side  margui,  enclosing  the  hu- 
meral angle  and  jiosterior  yellow  band,  often  missing  .    lunatlis. 
Elytra  black,  with  basal  siwt  and  three  transverse  bands  yellow,  the 
two  anterior  bands  sometimes  united  at  suture  .     .     .     sparsus. 
Prothorax   more   densely,   less  coarsely   pimctured;    pubescence   golden, 
denser  at  base  and  tip. 
Legs  ferruginous;  elytra  brown,  with  four  yellow  hands,  frequently  im- 
perfect or  obsolete,  tip  sub-obliquely  truncate  and  feebly  bi- 

spinose velutimis. 

Legs  black;  elytra  black,  tip  obliquely  truncate  and  shortly  acuminate. 

lugubris. 
B. — Antennae  brown;  prothorax  strongly  punctured,  much  rounded  on  the 
sides  before  the  middle;  elytra  with  four  yellow  bands,  more  or 
less  confluent,  the  anterior  basal,  the  second  and  third  frequently 
connected  near  suture,  tip  subtruncate,  not  spinose;  legs  ferru- 
ginous. 
Antennae  stouter,  the  sixth  joint  with  large  impression  in  -7;  elytra  more 

shining brunnicornis. 

Antennae  more  slender,  jomts  3 — 5  longer,  sixth  without  inijiression   in 

either  sex sinuatus. 

C. — Antennae  black  rj',  partly  yellow  9  :  prothorax  strongly  punctured,  much 
rounded  on  the  sides  before  the  middle;  elytra  yellow,  with  base 
and  tip  and  three  narrow  bands  black,  often  imperfect.  Up  sub- 
truncate;  legs  yellow balteatus. 

T.  badius  Newn.,  Ent.  1841,  p.  69. 

Length  13  mm.  ^=  .52  inch.     Hal>. — Fla.,  Ga.,  N.  C,  Ala. 
T.  zebratus  Fab.,  1801,  Syst.  EI.  ii,  p.  364;  Lee,  J.  A   T.  P.  ser.  2,  i  p.  334; 
aiirigera  Newn.,  Ent.  p.  70. 

Length  10 — 13  mm.  =  .40 — .52  inch.    Hab. — Fla.;  Ga.,  N.  C,  N.  V.,  Pa. 

This  species  is  often  confused  with  Leptura  zebra,  from  whicli 
it  may  be  readily  separated  by  the  prothorax  being-  onh'  impressed 
at  base,  while  in  L.  zebra  it  is  deeply  excavated. 

T.  sparsus  Lee,  Proc.  Am.  Phil.  .Soc.  187S,  xvii,  p.  614. 

Length  9 — 10  mm.  =  .36 — .40  inch.     Hab. — Mich.,  L.  .Sup.,  Wis.,  Ohio. 
T.  lunatus  Fab.,  1801,  1.  c.  p.  360;  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  63;  araiata\\ 
OHv.,  Ent.  1795,  iv,  73,  p.  32,  t.  4,  fig.  49. 
Length  9 — lo  mm.  =  .36 — .40  inch.     Hab. — Fla.,  Ga.,  N.  C  ,  Texas. 
T.  velutinus  Oliv.,    1795,   Ent.  iv,  1,  c;  Hald.,  1.  c.\  fugas  Fab.,  1798,  .Sy.st. 
Ent.  .Suppl.  p.  153;  Hald.,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil,  iv,  p.  375;  r/wis  Forst. 
i.  litt.;  Schon,  Syn.  Ins.  i,  3,  ]).  485,  not.  g;  tenuior  Ky.,  Fn.  l!or. 
Am.  iv,  p.  181;  nobilis  Newn.,  Ent.  p.  67. 
Length  10 — 14  mm.  =  .40— .56  inch.     Hab. — Ga.,   Fla.,  \'a..   Pa.,   N.  L, 
N.  v..  N.  H..  Wis.,  Dak.,  Ind.  T.,  Can.  \V.,  La.,  Me.,  Ohio.  " 


—  i6o — 

T.  lugubris  Say,  1S23,  J.  A.  P.  iii,  p.  419;  Hald.,  1.  c. 

Length  9— 11  mm.  ;=  .36 — .44  inch.  Hab. — Ga.,  N.  C,  Va.,  Pa.,  N.  Y. 
Mich.,  la.,  Mo.  La.,  Mass.,  Can.  W. 

T.  brannicornis  Lee,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  1873,  p.  214. 

Length  10  mm.  =  .40  inch.     Hab. — Texas,  Fla.,  Col.,  N.  Mex. 

T.  sinuatus  Newn.,  1841,  Ent.  p.  70, 

Length  10 — 13  mm.  =  .40 — .52  inch.  Hab. — Fla.,  Middle  .States,  Dak. 
Mont.,  Kan.,  Ind.  T.,  Tex  ,  N.  111.,  Neb.,  La.,  Md.,  Pa.,  Col. 
Mass.,  Mo.,  S.  W.  Va. 

T.  balteatus  Horn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  vii,  1878,  p.  55. 

Length  11 — 13  mm.  =:  .44 — .52  inch.     Hab. — Col.,  Ariz.,  Mont. 
(To  be  continued.) 


The  field  meeting  of  July  4th,  at  Jamesburg,  was  fairly  well  at- 
tended, though,  owing  to  the  threatening  weather,  many  who  had 
signified  their  intention  of  coming  were  deterred.  Twenty-eight 
persons  were  present,  Philadelphia  furnishing  the  largest  contingent. 
Two  large  wagons  carried  the  party  to  the  collecting  grounds,  where 
they  scattered  to  do  such  collecting  as  the  damp  condition  of  things 
would  allow.  Before  separating,  however,  the  party  were  immor- 
talized by  means  of  the  camera  and  an  engineer  brought  for  the  pur- 
pose. At  noon  (very  promptly)  the  party  reassembled  to  discuss 
the  goods  provided  by  the  intelligent  efforts  of  the  committee  (bow 
from  the  writer  as  one  of  them),  and  it  was  noted  that  the  dampness 
complained  of  as  a  bar  to  good  collecting  shifted  its  location,  and 
as  the  external  circumstances  became  dry,  the  internal  wetness  was 
not  complained  of.  After  the  party  had  been  again  photographed — 
Dr.  Skinner  officiating  at  the  milk-pitcher — the  meeting  organized 
by  the  election  of  Dr.  George  H.  Horn,  of  Philadelphia,  as  Presi- 
dent and  Prof.  J.  B.  Smith  as  Secretary.  The  Secretary's  address 
was  spoilt  by  the  fact  that  at  the  most  interesting  period  a  young 
woman  passed  through  the  camp  on  her  way  to  a  Sunday-school 
picnic  and  so  distracted  the  attention  of  all  concerned  (except  the 
presiding  officer)  that  the  peroration  came  to  an  untimely  end.  It 
is  beyond  the  power  of  the  Secretary  to  give  an  accurate  record  of  all 
that  was  done  and  perhaps  it  is  well  he  should  not;  but  the  following 
were  appointed  as  a  committee  to  arra^ige  for  future  meetings.  For 
the  Am.  Ent.  Soc,  Dr.  Skinner  ;  for  the  Feltman  Club,  Mr.  Wen- 
zel  ;  for  tht-  Newark  Society,  Mr.  Machesney  ;  for  the  Brooklyn 
Society,  Prof  Smith.  The  further  proceedings  were  informal  and 
not  to  be  recorded. — J.  B.  Smith,  Secretary. 


AmerigAna 


VOL.  YI.        BROOKLYN,  SEPTEMBER,  1890. 


No.  9. 


THE  NORTH  AMERICAN  EUSTROTIINI. 

BY  A.    RADCLIFFE  GROTE,   A.  M. 

The  rather  small  sized,  slender  Nociuidce,  Boisduval's  Noduo- 
phalanida;,  which  I  have  included  in  the  Revised  Check  List  under 
the  tribe  Existrotiini,  seem  well  placed  low  down  in  the  Nochdnce, 
since  in  several  particulars  and  in  their  geometriform  larvae,  which 
are  12-  to  14-footed,  they  approach  the  Cafocalince.  The  eyes  are 
naked,  and  this  feature  is  characteristic  of  the  lower  Nodidda:  and 
the  Geomctridce,  in  which  latter  a  single  genus  has  hairy  eyes  so  far 
as  I  am  aware.  The  slender  body  is  rather  sparsely  clothed  with  a 
mixed  \estiture,  sometimes  mealy.  The  wings  are  rather  weak,  the 
primaries  with  the  external  margin  comparatively  straight  and  some- 
times noticeably  short,  the  hind  wings  full  and  rounded.  Several 
genera  have  a  marked  tortriciform  appearance,  these  are  Erofyla  (= 
Agrophild),  of  Europe,  and  Fniva,  Xanthoptcra,  Spragiieia,  of  our 
fauna.  In  the  Revised  Check  List  I  have  commenced  the  series 
with  the  genera  having  a  clypeal  protuberance,  or  an  embossed 
front.  In  the  first  genus,  Azenia,  the  armature  of  the  head  is  dis- 
proportionately large.  There  is  a  tendency  in  the  tortriciform  genera 
which  follow,  to  have  the  clypeus  rugose  or  globose,  the  infra-clypeal 
plate  prominent,  so  that  there  seems  a  reason  for  -the  arrangement 
there  adopted;  these  frontal  characters  seem  to  gradually  vanish  in 
the  other  genera  of  the  tribe,  though  the  .front  is  often  .swollen.  All 
of  the  genera  I  have  seen  have  the  legs  somewhat  weak,  and,  so  far 
as  I  am  aware,  the  tibiae  unarmed. 

The  neuration  affords  certain  plastic  characteristics  by  which 
we  may  separate  the  genera.     On  the  hind  wings  vein  5  is  variably 

Entomologica  Americana.  Vol.  VI.         9  September,  1890. 


— 162 — 

strong,  sometimes  wanting.  On  the  fore  wings  the  accessory  cell  is 
usually  present,  and  differences  are  presented  in  the  length  and  point 
of  origin  of  veins  7  to  9.  But  the  neuration  of  all  the  genera  is  not 
yet  known.  So  far  as  my  conclusions  go  we  must,  as  yet,  hesitate 
to  accord  too  great  value  to  neurational  characters  in  classifying  the 
moths  as  a  whole.  All  characters  must  be  used  in  classification,  but 
we  are  not  in  a  position,  evidently,  to  make  the  neuration  the  crucial 
test.  It  is  a  general  guide,  but  no  more  than  a  guide,  to  find  the 
most  natural  position  for  a  genus;  keeping  it  alone  in  sight  we  may 
stray  from  the  ends  we  propose  to  reach  in  arranging  the  objects  of 
our  studies. 

Gen.  AZENIA  Grt.  (1SS2) 

Form  very  robust,  like  Spragueia,  the  wings  long,  primaries 
widening  a  little  outwardly.  Eyes  naked.  Labial  palpi  closely 
scaled,  rather  thick  in  appearance,  a  little  longer  than  in  Xanthoptera, 
lying  obliquely  across  the  face,  hardly  exceeding  the  clypeal  projec- 
tion. This  latter  very  large,  overshadowing  the  irifra-clypeal  plate, 
flattened,  trilobed.  Legs  unarmed  and  thinly  scaled.  Two  small, 
yellow  Western  species,  ha\'ing  the  facies  of  Xanthoptera. 

1.  Azenia  implora  Grt.,  Papilio,  ii,  186. 

Pale  lemon-yellow;  two  ochrey  dots  in  place  of  t.  a.  line.  A 
median  ochrey  shade  band,  irregular  and  faint;  one  or  two  dots  in 
place  of  t.  p.  line;  minute  points  at  base  of  the  pale  fringes.  Hind 
wings  white.  Beneath  whitish;  costa  of  fore  wings  a  little  clouded. 
Head  and  thorax  above  like  fore  wings  in  color;  the  clypeal  projec- 
tion is  distinctly  tridentate.  Abdomen  pale,  a  little  exceeding  sec- 
ondaries. 

Arizona.      Type  in  coll.  Neumoegen. 

2.  Azenia  edentata  Grt.,  Can.  Ent.  xv,  25. 

Dark  yellow;  fore  wings  with  no  apparent  markings,  except  a 
small  costal  dot;  fringes  concolorous.  Hind  wings  fuscous.  Beneath 
yellowish;  the  fore  wings  darker  shaded,  and  with  a  fuscous  subter- 
minal  band.  Thora.x  and  head  abo\'e  dark  yellow.  The  clypeal 
projection  has  its  outer  edge  roundedly  scalloped  instead  of  forming 
three  pointed  teeth  as  in  iiiiphfa.     Size  small,  like  implora. 

Arizona.     Type  in  coll.  Neumoegen. 

Gen.  ESCARIA  Grt.  (1SS2) 

The  wings  are  frail  and  rather  wide,  form  like  Eiistrotia  {Eras- 
trio),  the  body  slender,  with  untufted  abdomen.    Eyes  naked;  labial 


— 163 — 

palpi  short.  Front  with  a  moderately  prominent,  rather  wide,  cup- 
shaped  projection,  nearly  hidden  by  the  erect  vestiture,  and  with  a 
central  j)rotuberance,  not  reaching  beyond  the  rim  of  the  cup,  set 
in  erect  vestituri',  which  fills  the  cup  itself  (The  clyj^eal  ]:)rojections 
are  thus  evidently  modifications  of  the  clypeal  surface.  So  far  as  I 
ha\e  observed  lliey  are  not  se.xual  peculiarities  in  the  moths).  Ves- 
titure mixed,  fli.ttened  hair  and  scales.  The  single  species  is  of  the 
size  of  Eiisfrofia  carneola. 

1.  Escaria  clauda  Grt.,  Papilio  ii,  1S6. 

(jrayish  fuscous.  In  the  male  the  ornamentation  is  better 
written.  Orbicular  paler,  spherical;  claviform  moderate,  its  upper 
edge  accentuated  in  black.  Reniform  lunate,  moderate;  the  lines 
fine,  perpendicular,  edged  with  pale  or  whitish,  especially  in  the 
female,  which  is  darker,  and  the  white  s.  t.  line  quite  prominent. 
Hind  wings  pale  fuscous,  trace  of  median  spot  and  extra  mesial  line. 
A  vague  terminal  band.  Beneath  grayish  fuscous,  with  common 
line  and  faint  discal  spots.  One  specimen,  probably  a  variety, 
showed  a  reddish  cast.     Expanse  29  mil. 

Arizona.     Types  in  coll.  Neumoegen. 

The  structure  of  the  genera  Fniva  Grt.,  which  is  nearest  to  the 
European  genus  Erotyla  in  character,  although  in  ornamentation  the 
American  genus  Spragueia  Grt.  more  nearly  accords  with  the  Eu- 
ropean Erotyla  trahealis  Sc.  (=  sidpJmralis  Linn.)  Xanthoptera 
Guen.,  Spragiieia  Grt.,  and  Exyra  Grt.,  has  been  explained  by  me 
in  Can.  Ent.  xi,  231,  and  need  not  be  repeated  here. 

Gen.  PROTHYMIA  Hiib. 
The  palpi  are  curved  and  pointed,  exceeding  the  front,  the  ter- 
minal joint  long  and  attenuate.  The  fore  wings  have  the  external 
margin  somewhat  rounded ;  hind  wings  full.  The  abdomen  is  slightly 
flattened.  These  characters  are  drawn  from  the  European  P.  virid- 
aria,  and  to  this  genus  the  late  Mr.  Morrison  referred  two  species 
from  eastern  North  America,  viz.:  i,  coccineifascia  Grt.;  2,  rosalba 
Grt.:  while  I  ha\'e  described  3,  plana  Grt.  from  Arizona;  and  4, 
orgyicB  Grt.  from  Texas.  Of  these  plana  resembles,  in  ornamenta- 
tion, the  European  Metoponia  ka:kcrilziana  Hiib.  I  ha\e  not  been 
able  to  compare  the  two  insects. 

Gen.  EUHERRICHIA  Grt.  (18S2) 
This  genus  has  the  form  of  Enstrotia,  but  the  purple  colors  of 
Callopistria  {Eiiopiis),  to  which  Hadenoid  genus  Guen^e  referred 
our  North  American  species.     Dr.  Herrich-Schaefier,  in  his  "Cor- 


-i64- 

respondenz  Blatt,"  first  showed  that  Guenee  had  mistakenly  classi- 
fied our  species,  while  I  have  described  what  I  consider  a  true  Cal- 
hpistria,  C.  straia  Grt. ,  fi-om  Florida,  congeneric  with  the  European 
purpureofascia  {^^ pteridis  Fab.)  and  latreillei.  The  form  is  slender; 
the  abdomen  not  exceeding  the  secondaries,  tufted  on  the  dorsal 
line  at  base,  and  especially  on  the  third  segment.  Eyes  naked; 
vestiture  mixed,  flattened  scales  and  hairy.  The  wings  are  rather 
broad,  entire;  apices  of  primaries  somewhat  pointed,  outer  margin 
a  little  sinuate  below  apices,  rounded  submedially.  Primaries  12- 
veined;  accessory  cell  present;  9  out  of  8  to  apex,  about  half  the 
length  of  8;  cell  open;  5  twice  further  from  4  than  4  from  5  at  base. 
Hind  wings  8-veined;  cell  open;  3  and  4  arising  together  from  ex- 
tremity of  submedian  vein;  5  a  little  weaker,  removed  at  base  tor 
about  one-fifth  the  breadth  of  cell,  indistinctly  connected.  The  type 
is  moiietifei-a  Guen.,  a  well  known  species  from  eastern  North 
America,  with  bright  brown  primaries,  prettily  flashed  with  silver. 
Other  species  are  purply  brown,  sometimes  with  silvery  lines. 

Gen.  EUSTROTIA  Hiib. 

Not  only  has  this  term  priority  over  Ej^asiria  Treits. ,  but  Eras- 
tria  is  also  previously  used  by  Hlibner  for  a  genus  ot  Geovietridce. 
The  abdomen  shows  usually  some  dorsal  tuftings.  The  fore  wings 
are  somewhat  triangular,  hind  wings  full.  The  accessory  cell  is 
present,  and  the  genus  shows  neurational  affinities  with  Euherrichia. 
In  the  Revised  Check  List  I  have  referred  sixteen  North  American 
species  to  this  genus,  some  of  which  may  be  here  briefly  mentioned. 
Of  the  pale,  bone-colored  species,  the  types  of  inalaca  and  mito- 
grapha  are  in  coll.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  Since  I  have  not  seen  them 
again,  nor  have  I  examined  other  specimens,  they  should  be  re-ex- 
amined. The  ornamentation  of  viitograpJia  is  peculiar.  Most 
numerous  are  the  black  and  carneous-brown,  typical  species  belong- 
ing to  the  apicosa  (^  nigritiila)  group.  I  have  had  my  doubts 
whether  synochitis  is  or  is  not  the  species  figured  and  described  by 
Guenee  as  £'//i7</a.  Certainly  the  figure  in  the  "  Species  General" 
indifterently  corresponds,  and  the  description  does  not  agree  suffi- 
ciently.    I  have  not  been  able  to  see  Guenee' s  type. 

Gen.  THALPOCHARES  Led. 

This  genus,  so  largely  represented  in  Europe,  has  but  few  de- 
scribed North  American  species.  It  differs  from  Eustrotia  by  the 
neuration,  there  being  no  accessory  cell  on  the  primaries.  A  typical 
species  appears  to  me  to  be    Thalpocharcs  cztheriu  Grt.,  (N.   Am. 


-i65- 

Ent.  i,  47)  from  Florkla.  The  other  species  enumerated  by  me  in 
the  Revised  Check  List  have  been  incompletely  studied  as  to  the 
neuration.  The  species  are  most  numerous  in  the  south  of  Europe, 
where  they  are  found  on  chalky  or  sandy  districts,  and  it  is  related 
as  characteristic  of  their  habits,  that,  when  alighting,  after  being 
disturbed  in  the  daytime,  they  move  their  wings  up  and  down  sev- 
eral times  before  assuming  a  position  of  repose. 

The  European  genera  Phothedes  Led.,  Mesotrosta  Led.,  Hceme- 
rosia  Boisd.,  Megalodes  Gw^w.,  with  single  species,  have  not  been 
as  yet  recognized  in  North  America.  The  tribe  is  represented  in 
the  European  fauna  by  nine  genera  and  forty-six  species.  In  the 
Revised  Check  List  I  have  given  the  names  of  sixteen  genera  and 
seventy-three  North  American  species  of  Eustrotiini. 

Mode  of  Oviposition  of  certain  species  of  Odonata.    - 

BY    WM.    BEUTENMULLER. 

The  female  of  Lihelhila,  when  laying  eggs,  ho\'ers  over  the  sur- 
face of  the  water  and  in  coming  in  close  proximity  to  the  same,  bal- 
ances herself  by  the  very  rapid  motion  of  her  wings,  curves  her 
body  downward  and  dips  the  tip  of  her  abdomen  into  the  water  at 
short  intervals,  at  the  same  time  deposits  from  25  to  40  eggs, 
which  are  surrounded  by  an  invisible  glutinous  substance  secreted 
at  oviposition  by  means  of  which  they  adhere  to  aquatic  plants, 
sticks,  stones,  or  any  other  object  they  may  come  in  contact  with  at 
the  bottom  of  the  water.  In  order  to  ascertain  the  number  of  eggs 
laid  at  each  time  the  female  LibelliUa  dips  her  abdomen  into  the 
water.  I  captured  at  different  times  several  specimens  of  Libellula 
attripennis  and  L.  pidchella  in  act  of  ovipositing  and  held  together 
their  fore  wing,  allowing  the  hind  wing  to  remain  free  and  in  action 
while  I  dipped  the  tip  of  their  abdomen  into  a  small  vial  filled  with 
water  and  in\-ariably  at  each  dip  about  the  same  number  of  eggs  as 
alluded  to  above  were  deposited.  This  experiment  was  repeated 
until  the  supply  of  eggs  of  my  specimen  for  the  time  being  was 
exhausted  and  the  results  were  always  the  same. 

The  eggs  leave  the  orifice  of  the  oviduct  in  rapid  succession, 
and  are  withheld  in  a  bunch  in  the  shallow  depression  at  the  tip  of 
the  abdomen  until  the  same  comes  in  contact  with  the  water,  then 
the  eggs  become  separated  while  sinking,  but  become  concentrated 
again  at  the  bottom  of  the  water  by  means  of  the  glutinous  substance 
which  surrounds  them. 

As  reoards  mv  observation  on  the  mode  of  oviposition  ot  Li- 


— 166— 

bellula  they  agree  with  those  made  by  Siebold  (Germ.  Zeit.  Ent.  ii, 
p.  421).  The  male  of  Libelhda,  it  is  stated  by  Siebold,  retains  its 
hold  to  the  female  and  directs  her  movements  while  ovipositing. 
Miiller  (Ent.  Mon.  Mag.  viii,  p.  127)  notices  the  method  of  ovipo- 
sition  of  L.  flaveola  and  confirms  the  assertions  made  by  Siebold. 

Although  I  have  seen  scores  of  L.  pulchella,  L.  auripennis, 
L.  semifascia,  and  many  other  species  in  the  act  of  oviposition,  the 
females  were  always  destitute  of  the  males,  and  only  in  one  instance 
I  saw  a  male  retain  its  holci  on  the  female  while  laying  her  eggs. 
The  Q^^  of  IJbelluIa  auripcnnis  is  irregularly  oval  with  very  fine 
granulations,  sordid  white  and  semi-translucent,  becoming  amber- 
yellow  before  the  young  larva  emerges.  Length,  ^3  mm. ;  width, 
%  mm.  A  number  of  eggs  which  were  laid  on  July  23d,  at  6.30 
P.M.,  disclosed  the  young  larvae  on  August  ist.  The  ^'g^  of  Li- 
belhila  pulchella  is  very  similar  to  that  of  L.  auripennis,  in  fact 
cannot  be  distinguished  from  it.  except  that  it  is  a  little  more  irreg- 
ular in  shape.  Length,  ^3  mm.,  width,  Y^  mm.  Laid  July  23d  at 
6  P.M.     Young  larva  emerged  July  30th. 

The  mode  of  oviposition  of  Platytheniis  (P.  tii'inacidata)  and 
Dip/ax  [D.  berenice  and  D.  rubicundula)  is  identical  with  that  of 
Libellula.  The  0.%^  of  the  former  is  elliptical,  or  sub-elliptical, 
granulated,  semi-translucent,  pale  yellowish  white  granulated,  and 
before  hatching  becomes  amber-yellow.  Length,  y^  mm. ;  width, 
y'l  mm.  Laid  July  13th  at  5  P.M.  Young  larva  emerged  July  23d. 
The  eggs  ot  the  two  latter  species  are  oval,  yellowish  white,  semi- 
translucent,  and  slightly  granulated.  Length,  Y-z  mm. ;  width,  \ 
mm.  Laid  August  12th.  Young  larva  emerged  August  22d.  The 
habits  of  Calopteryx,  Agrioii  and  Lestes,  difter  entirely  from  that 
of  Libellula'.  They  deposit  their  eggs  in  a  groove  made  by  the 
ovipositors  along  the  stems  of  water  plants.  Both  Agrion  and 
Lestes  sometimes  go  beneath  the  water  to  lay  their  eggs. 

Siebold  (Wiegm.  Archiv.  pt.  i,  p.  205,  1841)  observed  a  female 
yEschna  clinging  to  a  plant  dipping  her  body  beneath  the  water  and 
rubbing  it  up  and  down  along  the  stem.  Mr.  W.  T.  Davis  once  saw 
a  female  y-Esclma  verticalis  go  below  the  surface  of  a  slow  flowing 
spring,  but  has  not  seen  the  species  deposit  an  egg,  as  is  stated  in 
one  of  the  volumes  of  the  ' '  Zoological  Record. ' '  I  have  seen  at 
Sandy  Hook,  N.  J.,  a  species  of  Aischiia  laying  eggs  in  the  same 
manner  as  Libellula  with  the  male  directing  her  movements. 

The  best  time  I  found  to  make  observations  and  to  capture  the 
different  species  of  Odonata  is  between  sunset  and  dusk,  or  on  a 
day  partly  clouded. 


-i67- 

NOTES  ON   THE   HABITS  OF  SOME   SPECIES 
OF  RHYNCHOPHORA. 

BY  FRANK  11.   CHITTENDEN. 

In  preparing"  the  following  notes  my  aim  has  been  to  record 
facts  that  are  new,  or  comparatively  so,  regarding  the  food  habits 
of  certain  of  our  Rhynchophorous  Coleoptera.  I  find  several  other 
writers  have  recorded  observations  similar  to  my  own,  but  so  little 
has  been  written  concerning  the  habits  of  this  group  that  I  have 
concluded  to  publish  the  results  of  my  own  personal  observations, 
trusting  that  they  will  lose  little  of  value  by  repetition,  but  may,  on 
the  contrary,  serve  in  a  measure  to  corroborate  observations  previ- 
ously published.  At  the  same  time  I  have  deemed  it  advisable  in  some 
instances  to  mention  briefly  in  connection  with  my  own  notes  certain 
facts  that  have  been  published  elsewhere. 

Very  little  is  known  concerning  the  early  stages  of  the  Rhyn- 
chophora,  but  the  frequent  occurrence  of  the  imagines  on  plants  of  a 
particular  genus  or  order,  though  not  conclusive  evidence  that  such 
constitute  the  food  of  the  larvae,  is  at  least  highly  suggestive  and 
worth  recording. 

In  very  many  instances  that  have  come  to  my  notice  the  finding 
of  a  few  specimens  of  a  species  of  weevil  under  certain  conditions 
on  a  plant,  point  to  it  as  a  probable  food-plant;  the  discovery  even 
of  a  single  individual — e.  g.  a  female  in  the  act  of  depositing  her 
eggs,  or  of  a  pair  of  beetles  copulating  on  a  plant  is  well  worth 
noting  down,  as  the  repetition  of  such  occurrence  may  be  taken  as 
more  than  mere  presumptive  evidence  that  the  same  plant  serves  as 
food  for  the  larva;.  The  finding  of  the  first  specimen  is  followed  by 
another  and  another  until  at  last  that,  which  was  at  first  a  suspicion, 
becomes  an  established  fact. 

As  few  weevils  are  short  lived,  and  not  so  restricted  as  some 
beetles  appear  to  be  in  the  time  of  their  appearance  and  disappear- 
ance, I  have,  in  the  majority  of  cases,  simply  recorded  the  dates  in 
months.  The  greater  part  of  these  observations  were  made  at 
Ithaca,  N.  Y.,  and  the  remainder  in  the  neighborhood  of  New  York 
City. 

Eicgiiamptus  aiigustatus  Hbst.  and  E.  collaris  Fab.,  I  have 
several  times  taken  together  while  beating  butternut  trees,  also  on 
chestnut,  and  on  hickory  in  copula  jnXy  loth  to  August  7th.  These 
two  forms  are  usually  found  together,  and  are  quite  generally 
believed  to  be  identical. 

Phyxclis  n'gidns  Say  hibernates  under  piles  of  weeds  and  rub- 


— 168 — 

bish  in  fields  and  gardens,  where  it  may  be  found  early  in  Spring  and 
late  in  the  Autumn.  I  have  always  supposed  that  this  species  bred 
in  some  common  weed. 

Pandeletejus  hilaris  Hbst.  is  common  on  beech  trees  in  June,  a 
few  pairs  observed  in  copula  at  this  time.  According  to  Harris 
the  larvae  live  in  the  trunks  of  the  white  oak. 

Scythropiis  clegans  Coup,  appears  sometimes  in  great  abundance 
in  the  latter  part  of  April  continuing  in  constantly  decreasing  num- 
bers into  the  middle  of  July,  upon  the  foliage  of  pine  trees,  occurring 
most  commonly  at  Ithaca,  N.  Y. ,  on  the  white  pine  {^Pbius  strobiis). 
Individuals  from  a  single  locality  exhibit  a  great  variety  of  colora- 
tion. In  the  great  majority  the  normal  ground  color  is  a  rather 
bright  fawn,  tinged  with  a  more  or  less  coppery  lustre,  some  are 
decidedly  cupreous,  even  brilliant,  inclining  to  a  pinkish  hue,  and 
others  are  of  an  equally  brilliant  metallic  green.  In  specimens  taken 
late  in  the  season  the  scales  which  prociuce  this  variety  of  coloring 
ha\'e  been  worn  off,  or  have  faded,  leaving  the  body  a  nearly  uniform 
dull  cinereous.  In  such  individuals  the  humeri  have  become  de- 
nuded, and  the  ground  color  is  then  much  the  same  as  the  sutures, 
which  are  normally  nearly  white.  One  specimen  taken  early  in  the 
season  retains  its  deciduous  mandibular  appendages. 

Ithycerus  noveboracensis  Sch.  is  known  to  breed  in  the  twigs  of 
bur-oak,  and  the  beetle  is  injurious  to  the  buds  of  a  variety  of  fruit 
and  forest  trees.  All  the  specimens  that  I  have  ev^er  taken  were  on 
beeches,  and  I  suspect  that  this  is  a  favorite  food-plant  for  both 
larvae  and  beetles.  Mr.  W.  H.  Harrington  states  (Ann.  Rep.  Ent. 
Soc.  Ont.  for  iSSo,  p.  52)  that  he  has  frequently  found  the  beetle 
on  beeches  in  June,  the  sexes  copulating  at  this  time.  It  also  occurs 
in  May  and  July. 

Apion  nigrum  Hbst.  occurs  cjuite  commonly  on  the  leaves  of 
the  locust  {Robinia pseiidacacia).  The  leaves  are  often  seen  riddled 
with  minute  holes,  and  as  the  /Ipions  and  Agrihis  egemcs  are  the 
only  insects  observed  by  me  in  any  numbers  on  this  tree,  and  the 
former  occur  in  the  greatest  abundance  the  blame  naturally  attaches 
to  them.     July. 

A.  rostriDU  Say  occurs  literally  in  thousands  on  Baptisia  tinc- 
toria,  the  wild  indigo  plant,  and  according  to  LeConte  (Rhynch. 
of  America  North  of  Mexico,  p.  411)  on  B.  leiicantha  also.  It  may 
be  found  in  this  neighborhood  in  May  and  June. 

Apion  fraterniun  Smith,  I  have  observed  sometimes  in  great 
numbers  on  the  leaves  of  two  species  or  varieties  of  Lespedeza. 
July  and  August. 


— 169 — 

L/sfmnotns.  During  the  past  year  Mr.  C.  M.  Weed  has  pub- 
Hshed  an  account  of  the  Hfe-history  of  L.  latiusculiis  Boh. ,  which  he 
found  in  all  stages  of  growth  in  the  stalks  and  seed-heads  of  Sagit- 
taria  variabilis.  Some  six  years  ago,  while  sweeping  a  small  patch 
of  aquatic  plants  composed  almost  entirely  of  this  species  and  a  few 
specimens  of  a  species  of  Carex,  I  took  hiberosus  Lee.  (July  and 
August),  caudatus  Say  (July),  and  appendicuJatus  one  pair  /«  copJila 
(June,  July  and  August).  The  last  named  species  I  have  recently 
observed  on  the  flower-heads  of  Sagittaria.  The  habits  of  all  these 
species  are  doubtless  very  similar.  Mr.  William  Juelich  has  found 
appendiadatus  breeding  in  the  lower  parts  of  the  stems  of  some 
species  of  reed. 

EudociinHS  inannerhciviii  Boh.,  a  rare  species,  has  not  been 
taken  in  this  vicinit)-  to  my  knowledge  for  many  years.  It  once 
occurred,  so  Mr.  Juelich  tells  me,  rather  abundantly  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Hoboken,  N.  J.,  under  the  bark  of  the  swamp  cedars. 

Lixus  concavus  Say,  I  have  usually  taken  on  a  common  broad 
leaved  variety  of  dock  {Rumex),  and  less  often  on  rhubarb.  As 
others  have  made  the  same  observations,  I  think  it  more  than  likely 
that  the  species  breeds  in  the  stems  of  both  as  well  as  in  HeliantJnis 
and  Chenopodiwn  as  stated  elsewhere  (F.  M.  Webster,  Ext.  Am. 
vol.  \-,  p.  11).  The  rosin-weed  {Si/phiuvi)  is  also  mentioned  as  a 
possible  food-plant. 

Baryiychiics  discoideiis  Lee.  Several  specimens  taken  years  ago 
on  a  small,  low  and  rather  common  weed,  species  not  determined. 
May  2Sth  to  July  nth. 

Otidocephahis  chevrolatii  Horn.  A  single  specimen  was  found 
in  a  jar  in  which  had  been  placed  a  piece  of  basswood  that  had  been 
attacked  by  some  species  of  borers.  It  is  a  matter  of  doubt  whether 
the  insect  actually  bred  from  the  wood  or  had  simply  crawled  into 
some  hole  or  cre\ice  to  hibernate.  I  have  taken  the  adult  insects 
while  beating  hickories  and  chestnuts  during  the  past  July.  An 
allied  species,  O.  Iccvicollis  Horn,  has  been  hatched  by  Dr.  C.  Y. 
Riley  from  the  galls  of  a  Cynipid  on  oak. 

Magdalis  olyra  Hbst.  breeds  often  in  abundance  under  the  bark  of 
hickory  trees,  the  larvse  subsisting  on  the  inner  bark.  I  ha^'e  seen 
a  branch  about  four  inches  in  diameter  infested  in  fully  eight  feet  of 
its  length  by  this  species.  Some  four  feet  or  more  of  the  bark  had 
been  loosened,  exposing  the  wood.  There  was  scarcely  a  space 
larger  than  the  tip  of  one's  finger  on  this  branch  that  was  not  com- 
pletely riddled  with  the  little  round  holes  bored  bv  the  weevils  in 
their  egress  through  the  bark,  and  I  counted  in  one  case  a  dozen 


—  lyo — 

such  holes  to  a  square  inch  of  surface.  The  larval  mines,  as  obser- 
vable on  the  inner  side  of  the  bark,  are  longitudinal,  sinuous  and 
only  moderately  irregular.  In  specimens  that  have  been  preserved 
there  were  so  many  larvae  at  work  that  their  timnels  sometimes 
crossed  and  recrossed,  and  were  at  times  interrupted  by  burrows 
made  by  Chrysobothris  feinorata,  so-that  individual  mines  could  with 
extreme  difficulty  be  traced  throughout  their  entire  length.  The  bark 
was  almost  entirely  free  from  the  wood,  a  layer  of  sawdust-like  cast- 
ings, nearly  as  hard  as  chalk,  and  an  eighth  of  an  inch  thick, 
intervening. 

There  was  evidence  that  a  large  proportion  of  the  lar\a'  had 
been  destroyed  by  a  Hymenopterous  parasite,  and  that  many  had 
fallen  prey  to  woodpeckers.  The  beetles  occurred  last  year  at  Staten 
Island,  on  hickories,  in  Mav. 

Magdalis  hispoides  Lee.  Bred  from  larvae  found  February  22d, 
in  a  twig  of  pitch  pine  {^PiJiiis  rigida),  under  the  bark.  They  so 
closely  resemble  the  larvae  of  Magdalis  armicollis,  figured  in  Le 
Baron's  Fourth  Ills.  Rep't. ,  that  I  had  no  difficulty  in  identifying 
them  as  of  this  genus.  The  pupa  was  first  observed  March  7th.  On 
the  28th  the  pupa  was  found  with  the  mandibles  and  eyes  black, 
rostrum  reddish  and  caudal  half  of  elytra  dark.  April  ist  it  had 
transformed.  The  head,  eyes  and  dorsal  surface  were  red,  elytra 
uncolored  and  ventral  surface  pale.  On  the  following  day  the 
imago  appeared  perfectly  colored.  My  observations  indicate  the 
duration  of  the  pupal  stage  as  about  four  weeks.  The  perfect 
insect  occurs  on  the  branches  or  foliage  of  pines  in  June  and  July, 
one  specimen  being  taken  as  early  as  the  21st  of  May. 

Orchestcs  pallicornis  Say  and  O.  niger  Horn  were  taken  to- 
gether in  July  on  the  leaves  of  low  willows. 

Gymnetronteter  Fab.,  the  common  mullein  wee\'il,  I  have  taken 
from  the  seeds  in  which  it  breeds  in  September;  sometimes  nearly 
every  seed  conceals  its  little  occupant.  The  beetle  occurs  on  the 
plant  in  June  and  July. 

Conotrachehis  jiiglandis  Lee.  breeds  in  the  green  fruit  of  the 
butternut,  in  the  same  way  that  its  congener,  C.  nenuphar  breeds 
in  plums  and  cherries.  It  is  said  to  occur  also  on  the  walnut. 
May  to  October.^  Other  species  of  the  genus  are  known  to  live  at 
the  expense  of  deciduous  trees.  C.  scnicuhis  Lee,  cicgans  Say  and 
posticatus  Boh.,  I  have  beaten  from  forest  trees,  but  as  I  have  taken 
none  of  them  in  abundance  my  notes  are  not  of  a  character  to  war- 
rant any  conjectures  regarding  their  food-habits. 

Rlivssematus  lineaticoUis  Say  is  on   record  as  breeding  in  the 


seed-pods  ol  Asclcpias  iuberosa  and  incaniata.  I  have  twice  had 
occasion  to  observe  the  adult  insect  with  rostrum  deeply  imbedded 
in  the  stalk  of  the  milkweed,  and  have  kept  specimens  in  confine- 
ment feeding-  upon  the  juice  of  the  same.      May,  June  and  July. 

Crypto rhynchus  bisignatiis  Say.  Several  specimens  taken  in 
the  latter  part  of  May  at  Clifton,  N.  J.,  on  a  chestnut  log  infested 
with  Leptostyhis  macula,  and  during  the  last  part  of  June  fifteen  or 
sixteen  examples  were  found  on  another  log  of  chestnut,  some  of 
them  copulating;  also  taken  on  the  trunk  of  a  living  beech  tree  in- 
fested with  Scolytids.  It  is  probable  that  this  species  has  similar 
habits  to  C.  parochiis,  living  under  the  bark  of  chestnut  and  possibly 
beech. 

C.  parochus  Hbst.  is  known  to  breed  under  butternut  bark, 
which  appears  to  be  its  favorite  food  tree.  Though  I  have  taken 
this  insect  often  during  several  years  it  was  always  on  butternut. 
April  and  May. 

Acoptus  sutiiralis  Lee.  lives  in  the  dead  wood  of  beech  trees. 
I  have  found  the  imagines  in.  the  wood  March  27th  to  April  20th  in 
company  with  larvae  apparently  of  the  same  species.  One  of  these 
larvae  taken  May  26th  appeared  about  to  pupate.  The  beetles  were 
crawling  on  the  trunk  of  the  tree  early  in  July. 

Mononychus  vulpecidus  Germ,  breeds  in  the  seed-pods  of  the 
blue  flag  (/m  versicolor),  the  beetle  issuing  in  the  fall.  The  perfect 
insect  occurs  in  the  flowers  of  the  blue  flag  and  the  common  crane's 
bill  (  Geraniiau  macidahim)  in  May  and  June.  It  has  been  stated 
(v.  Say,  LeConte,  ed.  p.  286)  to  occur  on  the  flowers  of  Ceanothus 
americanus  and   Verbascuni  thapsiis. 

Cceliodes  flavicaiidis  Boh.  occurs  in  the  greatest  abundance  on 
the  common  nettle  (  Urtica  dioica)  in  May,  June  and  July. 

C.  acephalus  Say  is  also  abundant  along  the  coast  of  New  Jersey 
on  the  evening  primrose  (  Oenothera  biejinis).    June,  July  and  August. 

Ceuforhyachus  septentrionalis  Gyll.  is  another  common  species 
sometimes  found  in  swarms  on  the  wild  mustard  {Sisyinbriuni  offici- 
nale). 

Rhinoncus  pyrrlwpus  Lee.  A  pair  of  these  little  beetles  were 
taken  i)i  coitu  on  a  common  species  of  dock  {Runiex),  and  being 
confined  in  a  small  vial  with  a  part  of  a  dock  leaf  consumed  it  almost 
entirely  within  a  week.  The  species  has  also  been  observed  by  Mr. 
M^  L.  Linell  on  a  species  of  Rmnex.     June. 

Centrinus  lineicollis  Lee.  A  number  ot  specimens  were  taken 
at  one  time  on  the  New  Jersey  tea  plant  (^Ceanothus  aniericamis) 
July  9th. 


— 172  — 

Balaninus.  The  recent  publication  of  Dr.  John  Hamilton  on 
the  food  habits  of  the  genus  leave  little  for  me  to  add,  but  a  few 
lines  on  my  experience  may  be  of  interest. 

B.  uniformis  Lee.  and  B.  qiierciis  Horn  were  taken  in  company 
in  nearly  equal  numbers,  and  almost  in\-ariably  in  coitu  upon  acorns 
during  September.  From  finding  them  on  only  two  trees  in  sepa- 
rate groves  of  oaks  I  was  led  to  believe  that  they  favored  particular 
varieties  or  species,  if  not  individual  trees.  On  almost  everv  acorn 
on  these  two  trees  a  pair,  and  sometimes  two  pairs  were  found, 
while  the  surrounding  oaks  yielded  not  a  single  specimen. 

B.  rectus  Say  I  have  bred  from  chestnuts.  A  i&\\  infested  nuts 
were  placed  in  a  small,  wide-mouthed  bottle  nearly  filled  with  coarse 
sandy  soil.  A  few  days  afterward  three  larvae  deserted  their  old 
homes  and  at  once  penetrated  to  the  bottom  of  the  breeding-bottle, 
where  they  formed  little  round  cells  in  the  earth.  Here  through 
the  glass  their  bodies  were  plainly  visible,  where  they  remained 
without  change  till  the  following  fall.  They  thus  passed  nearly  a 
year  as  inactive  larvae.  The  pupa  were  not  seen  at  all,  and  this  stage 
must  necessarily  be  of  brief  duration.  The  beetles,  in  good  healthv 
condition,  were  taken  from  their  earthen  cells  September  28th  and 
kept  without  food  till  October  20th.  As  many  as  six  half-grown 
lar\-ae  were  taken  from  a  single  chestnut,  though  one  specimen  is 
the  usual  number.  The  larvae  of  all  three  species  may  be  found  in 
the  nuts  as  late  as  November,  at  which  time  they  enter  the  ground 
to  undergo  their  transformations. 

Dryophthonis  corticalis  develops  under  the  bark  of  Piiuis  rigida 
March  and  April. 

Himathtm  conicuni  Lee.  One  specimen  was  taken  by  me  at 
South  Woodstock,  Conn.,  October  22d,  under  bark  oi  Pimis  strobiis 
infested  by  Toiniciis pini.  Mr.  E.  A.  Schwarz(Pr.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash. 
vol.  i,  p.  233)  has  found  this  species  breeding  under  tulip  bark 
{Liriodendroii),  and  our  other  species,  erj-ans,  which  he  remarks,  is 
with  difficulty  to  be  distinguished  from  it,  occurs  under  pine  bark. 
Ls  it  possible  that  the  two  species  are  distinct  ? 

Rhynchohis  briinneus  Mann,  is  possessed  of  similar  habits  to 
PhkeophagiLS  and  Ste^wscelis,  of  \\hich  mention  has  been  made  in  a 
previous  number  (p.  99).  I  have  found  it  only  once,  but  at  that 
time  some  twenty-five  or  thirty  specimens  were  taken  from  a  small 
piece  of  cherry  wood  {Pnaius  scrotina).      April. 

The  species  of  Cossonus  are  subcortical.  C.  concinnus  Boh. 
and  co7'ticola  Say  infest  pines,  often  occurring  in  abundance.     July. 


NEW  SPECIES  OF  ARCTIANS. 

BY  B.    NEUMOEGEN. 

Arctia  favorita  n.  sp. — Antennae  rather  sliort,  brownish  black.  Head, 
collar,  prothorax,  thorax  and  patagite  of  coral-red,  with  the  three  usual  black 
longitudinal  stripes  on  patagite  and  thorax,  the  two  black  spots  on  prothorax 
and  the  black  dot  on  head  between  base  of  antennae.  Body  coral-red,  with 
a  black  dorsal  line  and  a  lateral  row  of  small  black  dots.  Legs  yellowish  red, 
with  black  maculations  at  joints.  Beneath,  thorax  and  abdomen  with  lighter 
coral,  the  latter  having  black  segmentary  stripes.  Legs  blackish.  Primaries 
black,  with  the  following  maculations  in  straw-yellow;  a  broad  horizontal  line 
running  parallel  with  inner  margin  from  base  to  outer  margin  and  forking  at 
anal  angle.  Between  this  line  and  inner  margin,  appending  to  the  former, 
three  irregular  spots.  Two  transverse  lines  starting  from  costa,  joining  and 
resting  on  horizontal  line,  thus  enclosing  discal  spot.  Between  anterior  trans- 
verse line  and  outer  margin  the  usual  zigzag  line  from  costa  to  horizontal 
line.  A  few  irregular  dots  on  costa  between  base  and  interior  transverse 
line;  inner  margin  fringed  coral;  outer  margin  has  fringes  of  straw-yellow. 
All  these  maculations  of  straw-yellow  show  invariably  a  centre  line  of  beau- 
tiful bright  coral  color.  Secondaries  bright  coral  with  paler  fringes;  a  black 
discal  spot;  three  large  black  submarginal  spots  from  apex  to  anal  angle,  the 
centre  spot  being  largest.  Broad  black  band  along  costa  and  outer  margin, 
being  toothed  between  submarginal  spots.  Beneath,  primaries  and  seconda- 
ries as  above.    P^xpanse  of  wings  35 — 40  mm.     Length  of  body  13 — 14  mm. 

Hab. — Idaho  Springs,  Colorado.  Types,  two  males;  coll. 
B.  Neumoegen;  caught  by  Mr.  D.  Bruce. 

This  insect  belongs  to  the  autholea  group,  and,  aside  from  its 
own  peculiarities,  is  easily  distinguishable  by  its  bright  coral  centre 
lines. 

Euchaetes  conspicua  n.  sp. — Head  and  collar  brick-red.  Prothorax,  thorax 
and  patagice  light  gray;  marginal  lines  of  thorax  and  patagiae  brick-red.  Ab- 
domen deep  orange,  with  faint  traces  of  black  dorsal  dots  and  black  lateral 
dots.  Beneath,  abdomen  as  well  as  the  legs  of  light  gray,  Primaries  and 
secondaries  light  gray;  fringes  concolorous.  On  primaries  along  costa  and 
inner  margin  a  conspicuous  line  of  bright  brick-red,  terminating  within  apex 
and  anal  angle  respectively;  a  faint  hue  of  brick-red  along  anal  margin  of 
secondaries.  Beneath  as  above,  with  a  slight  fringe  of  brick-red  at  base. 
Expanse  of  wings  30  mm.     Length  of  body  9  mm. 

Hab. — Golden,  Colorado.  Types,  two  males;  coll.  B.  Neumoe- 
gen; caught  by  Mr.  D.  Bruce. 

This  insect  comes  near  E.  cadaverosa  Grote.  It  is  easily  recog- 
nized by  its  conspicuous  costal  lines.  E.  cadaverosa  is  found  in 
Cuba  and  Texas,  whilst  this  is  the  Colorado  representative. 

Araclinis  Zlini  n.  sp. — Head  white;  collar  light  yellow.  Prothorax  and 
patagitC  of  slate  color  with  black  marginal  lines.     At  inner  centre  of  patagise 


—  174— 

this  lines  recedes,  forming  a  lunular  spot  of  pure  white.  Antennae  simple, 
black  below,  and  alternately  black  and  white  above,  with  white  base  and 
black  tips.  Thorax  white,  with  a  broad  central  band  of  slate  color,  fringed 
with  outer  black  lines,  constricted  in  the  middle  and  forking  out  at  lower 
part,  forming  thus  an  irregular  lunular  spot  of  pure  white.  In  the  middle  of 
this  central  band  a  white  irregular  dot.  Thorax  beneath  white,  with  marginal 
stripes  of  slate.  Legs  slate,  with  irregular  white  spots,  encircled  by  black 
rings,  at  intersection  of  joints.  First  joint  of  coxae  above  the  largest  part  of 
bright  yellow,  limited  by  two  black  cross  lines;  beneath  white.  Tibiae  and 
tarsi  white  beneath  first  joints.  Abdomen  bright  yellow,  with  dorsal  and 
lateral  black  bands,  white  beneath.  Primaries  of  slate  color,  more  intense 
towards  base,  with  the  following  maculations  of  pure  white.  Four  of  them 
starting  at  base  of  costa  and  resting  on  discal  vein,  consequently  becoming 
larger  in  size  towards  apex;  all  of  irregular  shape  from  nearly  semicircular 
degenerating  into  irregular  square.  The  three  blotches  nearest  base  con- 
nected by  small  constrictions.  The  fourth  blotch  irregularly  square  and 
separate.  Between  fourth  blotch  and  apex,  without  touching  latter,  a  large, 
irregular,  crescent  band,  resting  on  costa  and  forming  a  costal,  semilunular 
spot  of  slate,  having  at  its  inner  extremity  a  large  hook,  pointed  outwardly 
and  resting  on  first  median  vein.  At  outer  margin  and  intersection  of  veins 
minute  triangular  spots.  Along  outer  margin,  curving  inwardly  at  centre  and 
swinging  from  anal  angle  upward  beyond  first  median  nerve,  where  it  tapers 
off,  an  irregular  dentated  band,  bulging  out  above  anal  angle  and  touching- 
outer  margin.  Along  inner  margin  five  irregular  blotches,  the  third  running 
across  entire  interspace  and  tapering  off,  touching  discal  vein.  This  third 
blotch  is  the  largest  of  the  five,  the  two  remaining  between  this  and  anal 
angle  being  only  very  small,  triangular  marks.  Some  small,  irregular  dots 
in  interspace  of  median  and  submedian  veins  and  above  basal  half  of  inner 
margin.  All  maculations  are  encircled  by  l)lack  lines.  Secondaries  white, 
about  one-fourth  smaller  than  primaries,  having  a  tendency  to  be  caudate, 
and  about  half  as  long  as  abdomen.  Along  costa  and  anal  margin  bright 
yellow,  the  hairy  tuft  of  latter  quite  pronounced  in  color.  A  terminal  series 
of  slate  .spots,  a  discal  spot  of  lunular  shape,  and  a  few  dots  between  latter 
and  interspaces  of  base  and  outer  margin.  A  large  oval  spot  on  costa  near 
apex  slate  color,  encircled  by  a  black  ring.  Below,  primaries  and  secondaries 
as  above,  only  that  the  four  costal  blotches  of  primaries  are  of  a  slate  instead 
of  white,  and  that  on  costa  of  secondaries,  instead  of  one,  there  are  three 
blotches  of  slate  colwr,  the  interspace  formed  by  the  two  nearest  base  being 
bright  yellow.  The  interspace  on  primaries  between  costal  blotches  being 
equally  of  bright  yellow.    Expanse  of  wings  47  mm.    Length  of  body  18  mm. 

Hab. — Las  Vegas,  N.  Mexico.  Type,  one  male;  coll.  B.  Neu- 
moegen;  reared  from  the  chrysalis  brought  home  by  Mr.  H.  Meeske, 
Autumn,  1889. 


How  many  broods  of  the  "  Elm  leaf  beetle"  are  there  in  the 
latitude  of  New  York?  New  Brunswick  has  positively  but  one. 
Some  collectors  still  claim  two  !     Pleaee  send  in  your  observations. 


—  175^ 
FOOD  HABITS  OF  SOME  CHRYSOMELIDiE. 

BY    WM.    BEUTEMMULLER. 

Donacia. — The  \arious  species  of  this  g-enus  occur  upon  the 
leaves  of  aquatic  plants,  especially  water-lilies  {Nymphcea  and  Nu- 
phar).  I  have  taken  D.  palinata,  D.  piscatrix,  D.  siLbtilis,  D. 
fevwrata,  D.  (xqiuiHs  and  D.  flavipes  upon  these  plants.  No  lan-a 
of  any  American  species  has  yet  been  described;  they  undoubtedly 
have  the  same  habits  as  the  European  species  which  bore  in  the 
stems  of  water-lilies. 

Lciiia  bninnicollis  and  L.  collar  is. — Both  these  species  live  on 
the  thistle;  the  former  I  have  taken  at  Enterprise,  Fla.,  and  the 
latter  species  was  bred  by  Coquillett  (Can.  Ent.  xv,  p.  22). 

Lema  sola?ii  and  Z,.  conjiincta  I  have  found  upon  the  leaves  of 
Solaniim  carolmense  at  Enterprise,  Fla.,  in  May. 

Lema  trilineata  li\-es  upon  Dahira  stramoniiun,  potato  and 
Physalis. 

Crioceris  asparagi  and  C.  13-punclata  both  feed  upon  the  lea\'es 
of  asparagus. 

Cosdnoptera  dominicana  lives  in  a  case  on  sumac  (Harris'  Corr. 
p.  76;.  The  insect  has  also  been  beaten  from  oak,  apple,  plum 
and  sassafras  (Riley,  6th  Mo.  Rep.  p.  127). 

Chlamys  plicata. — I  have  bred  this  case  bearer  from  the  leaA-es 
of  blackberry  and  hazel;  also  found  on  sycamore  and  oak. 

Exema  gibber  and  E.  conspcrsa. — I  raised  these  two  species 
from  a  narrow  leaved  species  of  aster. 

Cryptocephahis  cf.-maailatHS  is  found  on  oak.  C.  biyiomis  I  have 
taken  on  blackberry  in  Florida.  C.  venustus  also  inhabits  the 
blackberry.  C.  aidicus  occurs  upon  a  small  leaved  huckleberry  in 
Florida,  as  also  does  Gribiirizcs  larvahts. 

Pachybrachys  tridens  feeds  on  poison  ivy  {Rhus  toxicodendr oil). 
P.  luridus  may  be  found  on  wild  indigo  {Baptisia  tindoria).  P. 
livens  inhabits  the  willow.  P.  feniorahis  has  been  taken  on  pine 
by  Mr.  Harrington  (Can.  Ent.  xvi,  p.  97). 

Bassareus  fonnosics  lives  on  \-arious  species  of  alder.  B. 
mamvii/er  may  be  found  on  blackberry. 

Glyptocelis  piibescens. — I  ha\e  taken  this  species  at  F"ordham, 
N.  Y. .  on  hemlock;  also  found  on  pine  (Fitch). 

Chrysocluis  auratus  occurs  in  considerable  numbers  upon  the 
leaves  of  dog-bane  {Apocy 712cm).  The  lar\^a  of  this  common  species 
has  not  yet  been  recorded.  I  have  searched  for  it  in  vain  upon  the 
leaves  of  the  plant  the  imago  infests.  Can  the  larva,  perhaps,  in 
some  way  live  upon  the  roots  ? 


-176- 

Tymnes  tricolor  may  be  found  on  blackberry,  hornbeam  and 
various  other  plants. 

Adoxiis  vitis  feeds  upon  Virginian  creeper  {Ampelopsis)  and 
grape. 

Metachroma  pallida  has  been  bred  from  the  leaves  of  poplar  by 
Coquillett  (Can.  Ent.  xv,  p.  21). 

Paria  aterriiiia,  Graphops  piibescois  and  Colaspis  bninnea. — 
These  three  species  infest  the  roots  of  the  strawberry. 

Doryphora  divicollis  feeds  upon  the  underside  of  the  leaves  of 
various  species  of  milkweed  {Asclepias). 

Doryphora  ii-lijieata. — The  early  stages  of  this  species  have 
been  described  and  figured  by  Duges  (Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Belg.  xxviii, 
p.  I,  pi.  I).      It  feeds  on  Solanuni  tardum  in  Mexico. 

Doryplwra  lo-lineata. — Besides  the  well  known  food-plant  (the 
potato)  of  this  species  it  has  also  been  found  living  upon  the  follow- 
ing plants:  egg-plant,  Datura  straiiwniuin,  henbane  (^Hyoscyamiis), 
ground-cherry  {Physalis),  apple  of  Peru  {Nicandra),  tobacco,  bella- 
donna, petunia  and  cabbage  (Glover  and  Riley). 

Doryphora  jiuicta  lives  on  Solaniuii  carolinense. 

Chrysomela  inultiguttata  feeds  on  hazel  (Coquillett,  Can.  Ent. 
xv,  22).  C.  scalaris  lives  on  willow,  linden,  elm  and  basswood. 
C.  philadelphica  and   C.  bigsbyana  infest  various  species  of  willow. 

Chrysomela  similis  was  bred  from  ragweed  {Ambrosia  artemisice- 
folia)  and  Bidens  frondosa  by  Coquillett  (Can.  Ent.  xv,  22). 

Chrysomela prcecelsis  lives  on  Ipomea  and  Calystegia  (Hamilton, 
Can.  Ent.  xx,  p.  66). 

Chryomela  lunata  I  have  taken  this  beetle  on  the  leaves^  of  \a- 
rious  species  of  wild  roses,  upon  which  the  larva  also  undoubtedly 
lives. 

Prasocuris  phellandrii. — The  food-plant  of  this  beetle  has  not 
yet  been  recorded  in  this  country.  In  Europe  it  lives  on  Ciaita. 
virosa. 

Prasocuris  varipes  lives  on  a  species  of  buttercup  {Ranimciiliis) 
in  April. 

Gastroidea  polygoni  feed  upon  difterent  species  of  knotweed 
(^Polygonum).  G.  cyanca  I  bred  from  Riimcx.  G.  formosa  lives 
on  a  species  of  rhubarb  in  Arizona. 

Lina  tremulcs,  L.  lapponica,  L.  scripta  and  Phyllodccta  vulga- 
tissima. — All  these  species  infest  various  species  of  willow  and 
poplar. 

Monocesta  coryli  is  injurious  to  various  species  of  elm  (Riley, 
Rep.  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.  p.  246,  1878);  also  feeds  on  hazel. 


Agelastica  halensis  lives  in  Galium  veriim  in  Europe.  No 
record  of  its  food-plants  in  this  country  has  as  yet  been  made. 

Diabrotica  vittata  iwres  in  the  stems  and  roots  of  pumpkin  and 
squash  vines.  D.  longicornis  feeds  on  the  roots  of  corn  (Forbes, 
2d  Rep.  Nox.  Ins.  111.  p.  55). 

Trirhabda  brevkoUis. — I  have  taken  this  insect  in  abundance 
on  prickly  ash  at  Kissimmee,  Fla.     April. 

Trirhabda  tomentosa  lives  on  various  species  of  golden  rod  and 
asters  (BeutenmuUer,  Can.  Ent.  xxii,  p.  36). 

Galeruca  xanthomelcena. — This  insect  infests  the  elm,  blighting 
the  leaves  and  rendering  almost  worthless  the  trees  they  attacked. 
The  pest  within  the  last  three  or  four  years  has  made  its  appearance 
in  considerable  numbers  in  New  York  City,  and  is  doing  great  mis- 
chief to  the  trees  of  our  avenues  and  parks. 

Galeruca  marginella  lives  on  Myrica  gale  (Packard  Guide,  p. 

505)- 

Galeruca  sagittaricB  may  be  found  in  June  and  July  in  its  va- 
rious stages  on  the  leaves  of  water-lilies  {Nuphar')  and  Sagittarice. 

Galeruca  maritima. — I  have  taken  this  insect  in  abundance  on  a 
species  of  grass  found  behind  the  sand-dunes  along  the  sea-shore  of 
Long  Island. 

Blepharida  rhois  feeds  on  sumac  (Riley,  6th  Mo.  Rep.  p.  118- 
122). 

Disonycha  limbicollis,  D.  pallipes,  D.  pmictigera,  D.  pennsyl- 
vanica  and  D.  rtifa  ? — I  found  all  these  on  various  species  of  Poly- 
gomcm.  The  larvae  undoubtedly  also  live  in  some  way  upon  this 
plant.  -  D.  collaris  was  bred  by  Miss  Murtfeldt,  from  the  leaves  of 
Spinach  and  Chenopodiuvi  albuvi  (Bull.  No.  22,  U.  S.  Div.  Ent.  p. 
76). 

Haltica  chalybea  lives  on  elm  and  grape.  H.  bi^narginata  in- 
fests the  alder  (Lintner,  4th  Rep.  Nox.  Ins.  p.  98).  H.  foliacea 
feeds  on  apple  and  hawthorn  (Murtfeldt,  Insect  Life,  i,  p.  74-76). 
H.  marevagans  I  have  bred  from  evening  primrose. 

Crepidodera  cucumcris  is  found  in  numbers  on  the  leaves  of  cu- 
cumber, potato  and  Datura  straDwniuvi.  C.  helxines  live  on  willow 
and  poplar. 

C.  rufipes  was  taken  by  Lintner  on  apple.  I  found  it  on  locust 
last  May  at  Washington,  D.  C. 

Phyllotreia  vittata  may  be  found  on  cabbage  and  other  crucifer- 
ous plants.  P.  zimmermanii  mines  the  leaves  of  peppergrass  (Riley, 
Rep.  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.  p.  304,  1884).  P.  chalybeipennis  mines 
the  leaves  of  Cakile  americana. 


-178- 

Dibolia  area  infests  the  turnip  by  burrowing-  in  the  leaf  stems 
(Comstock,  Rep.  U.  S.  Dept.  Agric.  p.  248.  1879).  I  also  found 
the  insect  on  the  leaves  of  Plantago  ' 

Microrhopala  vittata  mines  the  leaves  of  golden  rod  (Harris, 
Journ.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist,  i,  p.  147). 

Odontota  rubra  mines  the  leaves  of  apple  and  linden;  the 
perfect  insect  may  also  be  found  on  white  birch,  hornbeam,  cherry, 
juneberry  {Ame/anchier)  and  Pyriis  arbiitifoHa.  O.  nervosa  I  bred 
from  asters  and  Eiipatoriiivi  ^  O.  dorsalis  mines  the  leaves  of  locust 
and  acacia. 

Physonota  7cn7p7i.nctata  feeds  on  sunf\ower  (Mona?-da  Jisfii/a). 

Cassida  bivittata,  C.  ?tigripes. — Both  these  species  feed  on  the 
sweet  potato. 

Coptocycla  g2ittata,  C.  aiirichalcea  li\'e  upon  morning-glory 
and  sweet  potato.  C.  elavata  I  bred  from  a  species  of  nightshade 
{^Solaniini). 

Chelyniorpha  arg2is  is  also  found  on  morning-glory  and  other 
allied  plants. 

Porphyraspis  cyanea  I  found  in  considerable  numbers  on  the 
underside  of  the  leaves  of  the  palmetto  at  Enterprise,  Fla. 


In  a  series  of  articles  in  "  Societas  Entomologica,"  Dr.  A. 
Troska  gives  the  results  of  some  very  interesting  experiments  in 
feeding  Lepidopterous  pupae,  principally  with  sugar  water.  He 
paints  the  wing  cases  and  some  other  parts  of  the  body,  carefully 
avoiding  the  stigmata,  and  attains  unusually  large  and  fine  speci- 
mens. Painting  with  oxide  of  silver  just  before  development,  re- 
duces size  and  intensifies,  while  it  narrows  and  defines  the  maculation. 
The  conclusion  is  that  pupae  take  considerable  nourishment  by  en- 
dosmosis,  and  that  varieties  can  be  produced  by  experiment. 

It  was  also  found  that  where  the  specimens  experimented  upon 
were  parasitized,  the  parasites  resulting  were  remarkably  fine  and 
large,  with  brilliant  colors,  and  that  they  evidently  benefitted  by  the 
feedino-  of  the  host. 


—  179— 
A  NEW  BOMBYCIA. 

BY   JOHN    B.    SMITH. 

Bombycia  Candida  sp.  nov.— Ground  color  fuscous  brown;  neck  yellow; 
a  black  line  across  middle  of  thorax.  Primaries:  basal  space  largely  white, 
except  close  to  thorax,  and  at  inner  margin;  median  space  white  powdered 
in  the  costal  region,  and  a  broad  white  costal  shade  beyond  t.  p.  line,  nar- 
rowing to  apex.  T.  a.  line  outcurved  on  costa,  then  nearly  straight  to  hind 
margin.  T.  p.  line  from  middle  of  costal  margin  incurved,  slightly  angulated 
outwardly  on  median  vein,  thence  outwardly  oblique  and  sinuate  to  hind 
margin  about  one-quarter  from  anal  angle.  S.  t.  line  traceable  as  a  vague 
whitish  shade,  preceded  by  an  equally  vague  blackish  shade,  except  just 
above  the  anal  angle,  where  both  white  and  blackish  shades  are  obvious. 
Beyond  the  t.  p.  line  there  is  a  rusty  shade  through  the  centre  of  the  wing 
to  the  outer  margin.  Narrow,  irregular,  transverse  strigte  are  obvious  through 
the  dark  parts  of  the  wing;  a  continuous  black  terminal  line;  two  longitudinal 
black  dashes  before  apex.  Secondaries  fuscous  to  the  narrow,  irregular  me- 
dian line,  beyond  which  it  is  more  yellowish  and  marked  with  blackish,  ir- 
regular transverse  strigae.  Beneath  yellowish  fuscous,  with  distinct  black 
discal  spots  on  all  wings,  mottled  with  blackish  transverse  striga;;  primaries 
darker  outwardly.     Expands  1.55  inch.;  39  mm. 

Hab. — Florida. 

A  single  male  .specimen  from  Mrs.  Slosson's  collection.  It  is 
an  easily  recognizable  species,  very  different  from  anything  else 
known  to  me,  though  apparently  similar  to  B.  magnijica  Strk.  in 
type.  It  is  not  congeneric  with  semicircidaris  or  improvisa,  but  I 
leave  it  with  these  for  the  present,  as  I  do  not  know  whether  it  does 
not  agree  with  some  of  the  European  genera  into  which  Cyiuato- 
phora  (Bombycia  Grt.),  has  been  divided.  The  body  is  slight,  ab- 
domen slender,  considerably  exceeding  hind  angles  of  secondaries. 
Head  rather  prominent,  front  bulging,  protuberant,  but  not  tuber- 
culate;  palpi  short,  weak,  not  reaching  middle  of  front;  antenna;  of 
male  lengthily  bipectinated.  Legs  stout,  tibiie  not  spinose.  Prima- 
ries large,  frail  in  appearance,  apices  drawn  out,  outer  margin  ob- 
lique, rounded,  without  a  distinct  hind  or  anal  angle.  , 

Mr.  Strecker  says  of  his  species  that  the.  secondaries  are  re- 
markably produced  at  outer  angle,  which  is  not  the  case  here. 


Will  those  who  took  part  in  the  field  meeting  at  Jamesburg 
please  make  a  list  of  their  captures  on  that  occasion,  and  send  to 
the  editor.  So  many  good  species  have  been  mentioned  that  it 
would  be  instructi\e  to  see  how  many  species  were  taken  by  collec- 
tors who  did  not  gather  indiscriminately  all  that  came  to  their 
view . 


-I  So- 


OBITUARY 

On  Wednesday,  Aug.  13,  1890,  one  of  Albany's  best  known 
.collectors  of  Lepidoptera,  Mr.  Otto  von  Meske,  died.  Mr.  Meske 
was  born  Feb.  5,  1837,  near  Koenigsberg,  Germany.  Educated  for 
a  military  career,  in  which  his  ancestors  as  well  as  his  brothers  have 
gained  distinction,  his  artistic  instincts  were  so  strong  that  they  in- 
duced him  to  throw  up  this  life  as  soon  as  he  could  manage  to  do 
so  and  migrate  to  Paris,  where,  for  two  years,  he  studied  with  some 
of  the  leading  portrait  artists.  At  the  age  of  twenty-one  or  twenty- 
two  he  came  to  New  York,  then  to  Albany,  where  he  married  and 
settled.  His  entomological  interest  began  soon  after  his  marriage, 
and  increased  to  enthusiasm,  when,  with  Dr.  Bailey,  Mr.  Hill  and 
Dr.  Lintner,  he  made  Albany  and  Center  Station  famous  for  the 
remarkable  captures  in  Noctuidae.  Of  this  quartette  Dr.  Lintner 
alone  remains.  To  Mr.  Meske,  Dr.  Speyer  owed  most  of  the  Amer- 
ican material  upon  which  his  papers  on  our  fauna  are  based.  Some 
ten  years  since,  the  nervous  disease,  which  finally  resulted  in  death, 
made  its  first  appearance,  and  necessitated  a  stop. of  active  collecting. 
About  five  years  ago  his  collection  was  sold  to  the  U.  S.  National 
Museum,  where  it  still  remains  and  forms  not  the  least  valuable  part 
of  that  grand  collection  of  Lepidoptera.  Soon  after,  the  disease 
made  such  progress  as  to  gradually  paralyze  the  lower  extremities, 
and  despite  the  best  medical  advice  and  treatment,  Mr.  Meske  be- 
came utterly  helpless  so  far  as  moving  about  was  concerned,  though 
retaining  the  use  of  arms  and  brain  unimpaired  to  the  last.  About 
January,  1S90,  the  end  began  approaching,  and  constant  and  con- 
tinuous suffering  slowly  sapped  a  wonderful  vitality,  resulting  in 
death  at  the  date  above  given.  Mr.  Meske  never  published,  but  the 
frequent  references  in  the  writings  of  Grote,  Speyer,  Lintner,  Har- 
vey and  Morrison,  show  that  he  did  not  conceal  the  facts  observed 
by  him.  Mr.  Meske  leaves  a  wife  and  seven  children  surviving  him. 
None  of  the  children  inherit  their  father's  love  for  Entomology, 
though  the  interest  of  the  family  in  Entomologists  is  kept  up  by 
the  eldest  daughter,  who  became  Mrs.  Editor  not  so  many  years 
ago. 


Americana 


VOL.  YI. 


BROOKLYN,  OCTOBER,  1890. 


No.  10. 


PREPARATORY  STAGES  OF  DATANA  PALMII  Beut. 

BY    HARRISON    G.    DYAR. 

Egg. — Subspherical,  flattened  and  slightly  hollowed  at  the 
base.  The  top  is  centrally  strongly  depressed,  this  depression  sur- 
rounded by  a  circular  elevated  ridge  of  considerable  thickness.  In 
the  centre  of  the  vertex  is  a  circular  punctiform  depression,  resem- 
bling a  little  hole.  Color  uniform  sublustrous  white.  Diameter 
I.I  mm. ;  height  S  mm. 

Laid  in  masses  of  75  or  less  on  the  underside  of  a  leaf  of  the 
food-plant,  usually  near  the  top  of  the  bush.  The  larva  hatches  by 
eating  away  the  top  of  the  egg,  but  leaves  the  sides  untouched. 

First  Stage. — Head  black  and  shining;  width  .5  mm.  Body 
brown,  with  four  lateral  and  three  ventral  dull  yellowish  stripes  wider 
than  the  intervening  spaces.  Cervical  shield,  anal  plate  and  feet, 
black.   The  hairs  arise  from  minute  blackish  warts. 

During  this  stage  the  larvae  eat  only  the  parenchyma  of  the 
leaf  and  sit  with  the  extremities  of  their  bodies  elevated  like  the 
other  species  of  the  genus. 

Second  Stage. — Head  higher  than  wide,  flat  in  front,  black 
(in  a  few  examples  brownish),  smooth  and  shining.  Width  .9  mm. 
Furnished  with  a  few  pale  hairs.  Body  reddish  brown,  the  stripes 
yellowish.  Cervical  shield,  anal  plate  and  feet  shining  black. 
During  this  and  subsequent  stages  the  larvae  eat  the  whole  leaf, 
remaining  together  upon  one  twig  until  it  is  defoliated. 

Third  Stage. — Head  black  to  blackish  red  in  different  exam- 
ples; eyes  and  mouth  black.     Width   1.6  mm.     Body  dark  reddish 


Entomologica  Americana.   Vol.  VI. 


October,  1S90. 


— 182  — 

brown,  the  stripes  dull  yellow,  arranged  as  in  the  next  stage,  the 
subventral  ones  interrupted  at  the  bases  of  the  legs  and  correspond- 
ingly on  the  legless  segments.  Cervical  shield,  anal  plate,  thoracic 
and  anal  feet  and  the  abdominal  feet  outwardly,  black.  A  few  short 
pale  hairs. 

Fourth  Stage. — Head  higher  than  wide,  rounded,  quite  flat 
in  front,  depressed  a  little  at  the  sutures  at  the  top  of  the  triangular 
plate  and  furnished  with  a  few  hairs.  Color  black,  or  blackish  red 
to  light  mahogany-red,  or  even  orange  tinted  in  different  e.xamples 
of  the  same  brood,  the  eyes  and  jaws  black,  labium  and  antennae 
yellowish,  the  latter  black  ringed.  Body  black,  becoming  brownish, 
four  lateral  stripes,  a  subventral  and  ventral  one  pale  yellow,  the 
lateral  ones  becoming  almost  white  in  some  examples,  all  nearly  as 
wide  as  the  intervening  spaces.  They  run  nearly  to  the  anterior 
edge  of  joint  2,  except  the  first  and  second  lateral,  which  stop  at  the 
cervical  shield  and  end  before  reaching  the  anal  plate,  except  the 
third  lateral  and  the  ventral.  The  subventral  line  is  interrupted  by 
the  light  reddish  bases  of  the  legs  and  by  reddish  spots  on  the  leg- 
less segments,  except  on  joint  13.  Cervical  shield,  anal  plates, 
thoracic  feet  and  the  abdominal  outwardly,  shiny  black;  the  anal 
plates  punctured  and  narrowly  bordered  withocher  yellow.  In 
some  examples  with  red  heads  this  border  is  broader,  and  the  cervical 
shield  is  partly  ochreolis-orange.  Hair  whitish,  thin  and  short, 
growing  from  minute  black  tubercles. 

Fifth  Stage. — Head  as  high  as  wide, 'rounded,  a  little  flattened 
at  the  extreme  front,  depressed  at  the  sutures  at  the  top  of  the  tri- 
angular plate  and  very  minutely  punctured.  A  few  blackish  hairs. 
Color  light  reddish  orange,  or  with  a  brownish  tinge  not  unlike  the 
color  of  a  cherry  stone.  Labium  and  antennae  paler,  the  latter  with 
two  black  rings;  jaws  black;  eyes  blackish.  Body  black,  the  stripes 
pale  yellow,  the  lateral  ones  in  some  examples  becoming  white  and 
in  a  few  canary-yellow,  narrower  than  the  intervening  spaces,  con- 
tinuous from  cervical  shield  and  the  anterior  edge  of  joint  2,  except 
the  subventral,  somewhat  interrupted  and  irregular  on  joints  12  and 
13,  and  barely  reaching  the  anal  plate,  except  the  third  lateral. 
Cervical  shield,  anal  plate  and  abdominal  feet,  except  an  outward 
blackish  band  on  the  latter,  concolorous  with  the  head.  Bases  of 
all  the  legs  (except  the  anal)  and  corresponding  spots  on  the  legless 
segments  darker  red.  Thoracic  and  anal  feet  black.  Hair  thin, 
about  5  mm.  long,  with  some  short,  more  numerous,  fine  black 
hairs  seen  with  a  lens.  At  maturity  the  head  is  more  of  a  brownish 
red.      Length  about  50  mm. 


-i83- 

Pupation  occurs  in  a  subterraneous  cell,  and  the  Winter  is  passed 
in  this  state. 

Pupa. — Similar  in  shape  and  color  to  those  of  the  other  species 
of  Datana  and  not  to  be  distinguished  from  them.  The  two  cre- 
masters  are  short,  each  with  three  spines,  of  which  the  middle  one 
is  usually  shortest. 

Food   Plant. —  Vaccinium   stamineiim.      Larvae  from   Ulster 

County,  N.  Y. 

♦■  -^^  ■♦ 

Abstract  of  the  Proceedings  of  the  Entomological  Club 
of  the  A.  A.  A.  S. 

The  club  met  August  20th  in  the  State  House  at  Indianapolis, 
26  persons  attending  the  meetings.  The  President,  Prof  A.  J. 
Cook,  delivered  as  his  annual  address  an  essay  upon  teaching  En- 
tomology, which  was  discussed  by  Messrs.  Weed  and  Osborn. 

Mr.  Weed  read  a  paper  upon  the  life-history  of  the  "  evening 
primrose  curculio  {Tyhdcrma  foveolatumy  and  upon  a  Braconid 
parasite  of  the  same.  The  paper  was  commented  on  by  Mr.  Web- 
ster. 

Mr.  Fletcher  presented  some  notes  upon  the  injuries  caused  by 
the  Hessian  Fly,  the  wheat-stem  maggot  and  an  undetermined  spe- 
cies of  Oscinis.  The  Oscinis  was  probably  variabilis  according  to 
Dr.  Williston. 

This  note  produced  extensive  discussion  by  Messrs.  Cook,  Gar- 
man.  Osborn,  Alwo'od  and  Webster. 

A  paper  on  the  subject  of  American  Silk-spinners,  by  Mr.  Ed- 
ward L.  Graef,  was  read  by  the  Secretary.  The  author  expresses 
his  belief  that  some  of  the  American  Sahirniid(Z  might  be  made 
useful  for  the  production  of  native  silk,  and  offers  a  prize  of  $50  for 
the  best  practical  plans  for  accomplishing  this  purpose. 

August  2ist,  Mr.  Weed  read  a  paper  on  the  "  Food-plants  of 
the  Clover  Stem  Borer  {Languria  mozardi)\'  he  has  found  the 
larva  feeding  on  fifteen  species  of  plants.  The  paper  was  generally 
discussed. 

Mr.  Alvvood  announced  his  intention  of  studying  tobacco  in- 
sects, and  mentioned  having  observed  a  stem  borer.  Mr.  Weed 
had  heard  of  a  root  louse  in  southern  Ohio. 

Mr.  Osborn  read  a  paper  on  a  peculiar  Coleopterous  larva  in- 
festing the  stems  of  plants. 

Mr.  Garman  spoke  of  the  asymmetry  of  the  mouth-parts  of  the 
Thysanoptera . 


— 184— 

Mr.  Weed  read  a  paper  on  the  OA'iposition  of  Listronohis  lati- 
jisailus  on  the  stalks  of  Sagittaria  variabilis,  which  was  discussed 
by  Messrs.  Garman,  Fletcher  and  Webster. 

Mr.  Robertson  made  some  remarks  upon  the  habits  ot  Einphor 
bonibyliformis,  an  apparently  special  visitor  of  Hibiscus.  The  sub- 
ject elicited  general  discussion. 

Miss  Murtfeldt  read  a  paper  entitled,  "Some  experiences  in 
rearing  Insects."  The  paper  was  commented  upon  by  Messrs. 
Fletcher,  Webster  and  Osborn. 

After  general  discussion  it  was  ' '  Resolved,  that  it  is  the  sense 
of  the  Club  that  the  meetings  of  the  Association  of  Economic  En- 
tomologists and  of  the  Entomological  Club  would  both  be  benefitted 
by  holding  such  meetings  if  possible,  at  the  same  time  and  place  as 
the  meeting  of  the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of 
Science." 

The  Secretary  read  a  paper  by  Dr.  Kellicott,  of  Columbus,  O. , 
upon  "The  preparatory  stages  of  Eustrotia  cadtica,'"  which  was 
generally  discussed. 

Mr.  Cook  mentioned  finding  the  eggs  and  rearing  the  larva  of 
Agrotis  C-nigrum  on  currant.  Mr.  Osborn  read  a  paper  on  the 
period  of  incubation  of  Mallophaga.  Mr.  Earle  presented  some 
notes  on  injurious  insects  of  southern  Mississippi. 

August  2 2d. — Mr.  Weed  presented  a  paper  on  the  habits  of 
Lixus  concavus.     Mr.  Hargitt  called  attention  to  early  observations 
on  the  canker  worm,  to  a  species  of  Cecidomyia  infesting  the  tops 
of  Solidago,  and  presented  some  ' '  Notes  upon  Ccrmatia  forceps. 
The  latter  was  discussed  by  Messrs.  Fletcher  and  Webster. 

Officers  were  elected  as  follows:  President,  Herbert  Osborn; 
Vice-President,  Miss  Mary  E.  Murtfeldt;  Secretary,  Clarence  M. 
Weed. 

Mr.  Osborn  presented  a  paper  on  ' '  The  uses  of  contagious 
diseases  in  destroying  injurious  insects,"  which  was  discussed  by 
Messrs.  Fletcher,  Hargitt,  Cook  and  Garman. 

Mr.  Atkinson  spoke  of  a  number  of  injurious  Alabama  insects, 
and  of  the  species  mentioned  by  him,  Thrips  dA\6.  Scolytus  rngulosus 
were  further  commented  on  by  Messrs.  Webster  and  Fletcher. 

Mr.  Weed  read  a  paper  on  the  oviposition  of  Dectes  spinosus 
in  Ambrosia  trifida.  Mr.  Webster  had  usually  found  it  about  A. 
artemi sice  folia. 

Mr.  Cook  presented  some  notes  on  the  insects  of  the  year,  and 
Mr.  Weed  presented  a  paper  on  Psepheniis  lecontei,  taken  on  the 
shores  of  Lake  Erie. 


-185- 
SYNOPSES  OF  CERAMBYCIDiE. 

BY    CHARLES    W.    I.ENG,   B.  S. 

(Continued  tVoin  p.  i6o,  vol.  vi.) 

LEPTURA  Serville. 
The  species  of  Lcptura  were  arranged  in  synoptic  form  by  Dr. 
LeConte  in  1873.     Since  that  time  a  few  changes  have  been  noted 
by  Dr.  Horn  in  various  pubUcations,  and  the  result  appears  in  the. 
''  Check  List"  of  Mr.  Henshaw.     A  few  more  remain  to  be  noted 
as  lollows: 

cyaiiella  Lee.  is  undescribed,  and  =  chalybaea  Hald. 

zebra  Ollv.  should  be  nitens  Forst,  on  account  of  priority. 

quadrata  Lee.  is  a  form  of  instabilis  I  laid 

canadensis  Fab.  should  read  canadensis  OH  v. 

ebena  is  a  name  proposed  for  a  totally  black  form  of  canadensis. 

crassisornis  Lee.  is  the  female  of  crassipes  Lee. 

vittata  Germ,  should  read  vittata  Oliv. 

spuria  Lee.  =  Acmseops  militaris  Lee.  fide  Dr.  Horn. 

vexatrix  Mann.,   formerly  placed  as  a  synonym  of  sexmacillata   Linn., 
appears  to  be  a  distinct  species. 

For  the  last  two  corrections  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  Horn  as  well 
as  for  many  minor  suggestions  not  specially  acknowledged  in  the 
notes  which  follow  the  synopsis,  and  in  preparing  the  lists  of  locali- 
ties for  the  various  species  I  have  enjoyed  the  use  of  Dr.  Horn's 
collection  and  the  valuable  assistance  of  Mr.  Henshaw. 

The  following  synopsis  closely  follows  that  of  Dr.  LeConte  and 
incorporates  all  the  changes  that  I  have  been  able  to  discover.  The 
descriptions  of  varieties  in  coloring  are  stated  in  the  notes  at  the  end. 

Synopsis. 

A__p,-othorax  more  or  less  triangular,  or  campanulate,  widest  at  the  base, 
hind  angles  prolonged STENURA  Serv. 

B  _Proth;jrax  more  or  less  triangular,  or  campanulate,  widest  at  the  base, 
hind  angles  not  prolonged;  antenna;  with  4;^  joints  punctured, 
the  remainder  sericeous LEPTURA  restrict.  Serv. 

C.—Proihora.K  constricted  before  and  behind  (except  in  a);  hind  angles  not 
prolonged;  last  joint  of  palpi  dilated,  triangular,  truncate,  some- 
times obliquely,  sometimes  transversely,  hind  angles  of  head 
-obtuse  and  rounded,  never  square;  elytra  scarcely  narrowed 
behind (Vittata,  etc.) 

D.— IVothorax  constricted  before  and  behind,  hind  angles  scarcely  prolonged, 
but  broadly  and  feebly  lobed  ;  elytra  parallel,  truncate  at  tip, 
and  armed  with  a  strong  sutural  spine;  not  dilated,  penultimate 
joint  of  maxillary  neariy  as  long  as  last  joint;  hind  angles  of 
head  short,  rounded,  gena;  moderate,  mouth  rather  short,  front 


— 186— 

with  a  deep  transverse  impression;  antennae  slender,  with  4^ 
joints  punctured,  remainder  sericeous;  nth  joint  not  appen- 
diculate;  ^T  with  antennae  longer,  and  5th  ventral  broadl}-  and 
deeply  emarginate  with  angles  acute (valida  only) 

E. — Prothorax  quadrate,  slightly  narrowed  in  front,  not  constricted,  but  only 
feebly  impressed  behind,  elytra  feebly  narrowed  from  the  base, 
slightly  truncate  at  tip;  palpi  as  in  B,  with  the  last  joint  feebly 
dilated,  truncate,  and  longer  than  the  preceding;  head  suddenly 
narrowed  behind,  but  not  constricted,  very  short  hind  angles, 
rounded  ;  antennae  with  ^yi.  joints  punctured,  the  remainder 
sericeous,  nth  joint  c?  very  strongly  appendiculate,  7th  and 
following  with  a  smooth,  feebly  carinated  line  beneath. 

(mutabilis,  etc.) 

F. — Prothorax  constricted  before  and  behind,  wider  at  base,  hind  angles  not 
prolonged;  elytra  wider,  parallel,  rounded  at  tip;  head  suddenly 
narrowed  far  behind  the  eyes,  but  not  constricted;  hind  angles, 
therefore,  long,  broadly  rounded;  eyes  not  emargmaX.&;  antennce 
inserted  a  little  behind  the  front  margin  of  the  eyes,  slender,  with 
4}^  joints  punctured,  remamder  sericeous,  nth  joint  simple; 
genai  rather  short,  palpi  with  the  last  joint  triangular,  truncate, 
as  in  vittata.  This  group  differs  from  Acmccops,  chiefly  by  the 
position  of  the  antennae      .     -. (cubitalis  only) 

A  a. — Prothorax  strongly  narrowed  from  the  base,  which  is  broadly  but 
deeply  bisinuate,  posterior  transverse  impression  distinct;  elytra 
widest  at  the  base,  gradually  narrowed  behind,  truncate  and 
emarginate  at  tip  which  is  not  margined  .  (emarginata  to  rabida) 

A  b.' — Prothorax  nearly  smooth,  strongly  and  gradually  narrowed  from  the 
base,  which  is  bisinuate,  hind  impression  very  deep;  elytra  very 
coarsely  punctured,  not  narrowed,  very  dehiscent,  rounded, 
subacuminate  and  distinctly  margined  at  tip     .     (cruentata  only) . 

A  c. — Prothorax  punctured,  without  hind  impression,  campanulate,  but  sub- 
quadrate,  hind  angles  small  (except  americana);  elytra  parallel, 
genae  very  short  ..../..     (chalybaea,  haematites,  etc.) 

A  d. — Prothorax  transversely  depressed  at  the  base,  convex,  much  rounded 
on  the  sides  before  the  middle,  hind  angle  small  (except  in  iui- 
pura);  elytra  at  base  wider  than  prothorax,  more  or  less  narrowed 
behind,  usually  black,  spotted  or  banded  with  yellow;  genae 
moderately  long  (shorter  in  last  two)  .     .     (laeta,  cordifera,  etc.) 

A  e. — Prothorax  longer  than  wide,  subcampanulate,  with  a  deep  transverse 
mipression  near  the  base,  hind  angles  broad,  laminate;  color 
black,  elytra  sometimes  testaceous,  scarcely  narrowed  behind; 
antennae  with  4th  joint  very  short  ....     (brevicornis,  etc.) 

A  a. 

Antennae  feebly  serrate;  5th  ventral  (^  flattened,  broadly  truncate-emarginate 

and  bidentate;  mouth  short,  hind  angles  of  head  more  prominent. 

Black,  velvety  pubescent;  elytra  red,  with  apex  black. 

Elytra  not  sulcate,  prothorax  sparsely  punctured    ....     emargfnata. 

Elytra  sulcate;  prothorax  densely  punctured gigas. 


-iS7- 

Antennre  filiform;  5th  ventral  J^  broadly  truncate-emarginate  and  bidentate; 
mouth  long,  hind  angles  of  head  less  prominent. 
Prothorax  densely  not  finely  punctured. 

Elytra  yellow,  with  anterior  blotch  (frequently  wanting),  medial  band 
and  apex  black;  legs  varied  black  and  yellow;  sides  and  base 
of  prothorax  sometimes  yellow;  antennae  usually  annulated. 

Antennae  long  and  slender obliterata. 

Antennae  stouter;  elytra  with  middle  and  posterior  band  black,    soror. 

Elytra  yellow,  more  obliquely  truncate  at  tip,  lateral  spot  near  the  mid- 
dle, suture  behind  and  apex  black;  legs,  antennae  and  body 
black propiaqna. 

Elytra  yellow,  with  vague  medial  and  posterior  bands  interrupted  at  the 
suture,  sides  of  prothorax,  abdomen  and  legs  testaceous;  tarsi, 
tip  of  posterior  tibiae  and  hind  femora  fuscous;  narrower  than 
obliterata,  with  the  (^  antennte  longer  and  nth  joint  very  dis- 
tinctly appendiculate,  and  prothorax  more  sinuate  on  the  sides. 

deleta. 
Prothorax  more  finely  punctured. 

Black,  elytra  luteo-testaceous  or  black,  tip  blackish;  3d,  4th  and  base  of 
5th  ventral  segments  red 2)Iebeja. 

More  slender,  antennae  annulate  with  yellow;  (^  black,  base  of  legs 
yellow;  elytra  with  base  of  epipleurce  yellow  and  a  broad  vitta; 
$  testaceous,  disc  of  thorax,  scutellum,  suture,  side  margin, 
transverse  spot  at  middle  and  tip  of  elytra  black;  legs  varied 

with  black subliamata. 

Prothorax  strongly  less  densely  punctured. 

Much  broader  and  stouter,  hind  impression  of  prothorax  very  deep;  ab- 
domen red,  base  and  tip  blackish;  (^  black;  $  yellow,  occiput, 
two  prothoracic  spots,  knees,  tips  of  tibiae  and  tarsi  black;  elytra 
black,  with  side  margin  and  oblique  vitta  yellow;  varies  with 
trunk  fuscous,  and  prothorax  with  the  disc  black  .     abdomilialis. 

Broad,  black,  prothorax  deeply  impressed  behind,  elytra  9  sanguineous, 
with  a  very  broad,  common,  discoidal  stripe  not  reaching  the 
base;  abdomen  sanguineous;  r^  black plagifera. 

Smaller,  black,  prothorax  less  deeply  imqressed;  elytra  with  a  spot  near 

the  tip  yellow amabilis. 

Prothorax  densely  puncttired,  feebly  impressed;  form  slender. 

Prothorax  not  sinuate  on  the  sides,  fuscous,  finely  pubescent;  elytra  tes- 
taceous; suture,  dorsal  vitta  and  submarginal  spots  blackish; 
legs  testaceous,  antennae  annulate lineola. 

Black,  clothed  with  short  yellow  pubescence,  elytra  dark  testaceous, 
coarsely  punctured,  tip  sometimes  black rublda. 

Ab. 
Black,  sides  of  elytra,  metathorax  and  abdomen  red;  thighs  red,  with  the  tip 
black cruentata. 


—  i8S— 

Ac. 
Elytra  rounded  and  margined  at  tip. 
Black;  elytra  blue,  polished,  coarsely  and  sparsely  punctured,  antennce  and 

legs  either  black  or  yellow chalybaea. 

Black;  head  and  prothorax  light  rufous. 
Elytra  shining,  very  coarsely  punctured,  tip  subtruncate;  prothorax  with- 
out impressions capitata. 

Elytra  densely,  not  coarsely  punctured,  tip  rounded;  prothorax  impressed 

near  the  hind  angles americana. 

Black,  hoary  with  fine  white  pubescence,  ]irothorax  dull  red   .     haematites. 
Black,  with  white  pubescence;  head,  prothorax,  legs  and  scape  of  antennce 

more  or  less  yellow       exigua. 

Elytra  scarcely  or  not  margined  at  tip. 

Dull  black,  hoary  with  fine  white  pubescence;  head,  legs  and  scape  of  an- 
tennas sometimes  ferruginous,  or  partly  so  .     .     .     subargentata. 
Dark  blue,  elytra  with  red  humeral  spot,  sometimes  wanting  .     molybdica. 

Ad. 
Prothorax  transversely  excavated  along  the  whole  base,  sides  sinuate,  tip 
strongly  tubular;  body  beneath,  margins  of  prothorax  and  ely- 
tral  bands  golden  pubescent;  tip  truncate,  legs  ferruginous. 
Yellow  bands  broader  at  the  suture. 

Antennae  very  stout,  dark  ferruginous laeta. 

Antenna  more  slender,  nearly  black  {zebra) nitens. 

Bands  equal,  straight '    .     .     .     tribalteata. 

Prothorax  feebly  excavated  each  side  near  the  hind  angles;  pubescence  not 
golden. 
Brownish  yellow,  densely  clothed  with  fine  pubescence,  hind  angles  of  pro- 
thorax more  explanate  and  prolonged;  elytra  with  a  faint  lateral 

fuscous  spot  at  the  middle;  tip  truncate impura. 

Prothorax  narrowed  from  the  base,  sides  subsinuate;  elytra  yellow,  with 
two  marginal  spots  and  tip  black,  the  latter  dehiscent,  not  trun- 
cate; often  has  in  addition  a  black  common  spot  on  the  suture, 
sometimes  narrowly  connected  with  black  tip  .     .     .     cordifera. 
Prothorax  not  narrowed  from  the  base,  sides  sinuate,  rounded  in  front; 
elytra  with  yellow  bands  or  spots,  variously  confluent,  some- 
times entirely  black,  suture  dehiscent,  tip  rounded    .     instabilis. 
Prothorax  not  wider  than  long,  more  finely  and  densely  punctured,  body 
less  robust;  elytra  less  dehiscent  at  tip,  which  is  more  broadly 
rounded  and  scarcely  margined;  yellow,  with  base,  two  bands 
and  apex  black,  bands  sometimes  interrupted      .     sexmaculata. 
Prothorax  more  rounded  in  front;  elytra  depressed  on  disc,  truncate  and 
emarginate  at  tip;  yellow,  with  two  blotches,  humeral  and  me- 
dial, and  tip  black vexatrix. 

Legs  and  antennae  ferruginous;  elytra  feebly  dehiscent,  tips  broader 

and  nearly  rounded,  distinctly  margined;  elytra  yellow,  entire 

margin  black,  a  discoidal  spot  near  the  base,  large  lateral  one 

near  the  middle,  and  transverse  one  near  tip  black,     sexspilota. 

Prothorax  bruadtr  than  long,  campanulate,  trans\ersely  excavated  or  de- 


—  1 89 — 

pressed  along-  tlie  whole  base,  sinuate  on  the  sides,  tip  strongly 
constricted  and  tubular;  pubescence  not  golden;  elytra  rounded 
and  margined  at  tip;  mouth  and  gen:e  rather  stout. 

Elytra  testaceous,  with  a  large  blotch  behind  the  middle,  extending  to  the 
margin,  but  not  the  suture,  and  tip  black;  markings  sometimes 
faint matthewsii. 

Entirely  black,  more  coarsely  punctured grossa. 

Ae. 

Prothorax  coarsely,  elytra  very  coarsely  punctured,  truncate  and  spinose; 
antennae  $  short,  thickened  externally     ....     brevlcornis. 

Prothorax  densely  and  coarsely  punctured;  antennce  slender;  elytra  sharply 
truncate  at  tip nigrella. 

Prothorax  sparsely  punctured;  antenn:e  slender;  elytra  feebly  truncate  at  tip. 

carbonata. 
B. 

B  a. — Antenna  annulated  with  yellow,  nth  joint  distinctly  divided;  elytra 
narrowed  from  the  base,  tip  truncate  and  dentate;  (^  antennae 
serrate,  and  5th  ventral  flattened  triangularly,  emarginate  and 
bidentate (canadensis  to  circumdata) 

B  b. — Antennae  annulated  or  nearly  black,  subserrate  in  -J;  with  the  nth 
joint  feebly  appendiculate;  elytra  narrowed  from  the  base,  very 
dehiscent  at  tip,  which  is  nearly  rounded  and  indistinctly  mar- 
gined; form  short  and  very  stout      .     .     (vagans  and  dehiscens) 

Be. — Antennae  not  annulated,  nth  joint  scarcely  appendiculate;  elytra 
slightly  narrowed  from  the  base,  sharply  truncate  at  tip;  pro- 
thorax scarcely  constricted  behind   .     .     (sanguinea  to  dolorosa) 

B  d.— Antennae  not  annulated,  nth  joint  scarcely  appendiculate;  elytra 
slightly  narrowed  from  the  base  rj",  almost  parallel  9,  elevated 
at  the  base,  elongate,  scarcely  truncate,  not  densely,  but  very 
finely  pubescent;  yellow  with  black  spots  or  bands;  prothorax 
bell  shaped,  transversely  depressed  at  base,  which  is  more 
deeply  sinuate  than  usual       ....     (crassipes  to  octonotataj 

B  c— Antennae  annulated,  nth  joint  not  appendiculate;  elytra  parallel, 
elongate,  not  elevated  at  base,  truncate  at  tip;  prothorax  bell 
shaped,  constricted  strongly  at  tip,  and  less  strongly  at  base; 
hind  angles  of  head  obtuse,  genae  moderate,  front  with  a  trans- 
verse impression (pedalis) 

Ba. 
Elytra  ,^'  and    9    truncate-emarginate  at  tip;  prothorax  more  deeply  con- 
stricted behind;    antenna;  strongly  appendiculate,   (^'  strongly 
'  serrate  almost  entirely  black,  9  feebly  serrate,  joints  4-11  an- 
nulate with  yellow;  black,  elytra  more  or  less  red  .     canadensis. 
Elytra  truncate  at  tip.  (f'  sometimes  feebly  emarginate;    prothorax  feebly 
constricted  behind. 
Elytra  entirely  red;  antennas  rj*  and   9   \vith  joints  1-5  black,  nth  joint- 
feebly  appendiculate;  rj'  antennae  serrate,  abdomen  red,  9  an- 
tennae nearly  filiform,  abdomen  black    ...*..     rabrica. 
Elytra  pale,  side  margin  and  tip  black;  small  species    .     .     .     Circumdata. 


—  igo — 

Bb. 

Antennal  joints  6-11  annulate  with  yellow;  elytra  very  coarsely  punctured, 
more  or  less  testaceous  or  red,  sometimes  entirely  black;  (^ 
with  5th  ventral  deeply  excavated  and  emarginate  .     .     vagans. 

Antennae  entirely  black;  elytra  less  coarsely  punctured,  testaceous;  -^  witli 
5th  ventral  less  excavated  and  emarginate  ....     delliscens. 

B  c. 

Prothorax  densely  and   coarsely  punctured;    5th  ventral  (^  flattened   and 
truncate. 
Elytra  reddish,  testaceous,  fuscous  towards  tip,  which  is  transversely  trun- 
cate    sangainea. 

Elytra  obliquely  truncate;  (^  entirely  black,  or  partly  testaceous,  9  elytra 
scarlet,  with  a  subsutural  spot  before  the  middle,  one  near  the 

side  at  the  middle,  and  the  tip  black Isetifica. 

Elytra  testaceous,  feebly  truncate,  apex  and  subapical  band  black;  pubes- 
cence very  long hirtella. 

Prothorax   less  densely  punctured;    5th  ventral   (^   flattened   and   broadly 
rounded. 
Elytra  obliquely  truncate  and  subdentate  at  tip;  black,  with  yellow  mark- 
ings, viz.:  a  subscutellar  spot  and  two  transverse  bands,  con- 
nected at  the  suture,  more  or  less  interrupted,  and  even  reduced 

to  two  smaller  spots quadrilhim. 

Prothorax  coarsely  punctured;  elytra  densely  pubescent  with  golden  hair 
arranged  transversely;  5th  ventral  (^  scarcely  impressed;  elytra 
transversely  truncate,  frequently  fuscous  at  the  sides. 

chrysocoma. 

Prothorax  usually  densely  and  coarsely  punctured,  transversely  impressed 

and  constricted  behind,  disc  more  or  less  channeled;  5th  ventral 

(^  scarcely  impressed;  pubescence  of  the  elytra  short  and  sparse. 

First  joint  of  middle  tarsi  as  long  as  the  two  following;  prothorax  feebly 

impressed. 

Pubescence  of  prothorax  golden;  elytra  testaceous,  suture  and  lateral 

vitta  extending  to  tip  black nigrolineata. 

Black,  pubescence  brown;  elytra  and  legs  testaceous,  prothorax  suban- 
gulated  on  the  sides,  elytra  more  coarsely  punctured    .     rufula. 
First  joint  of  middle  tarsi  scarcely  longer  than  the  second;  sides  of  elytra 
more  sinuate. 

Elytra  testaceous,  tip  black,  or  entirely  black proxima. 

First  joint  of  the  middle  tarsi  as  long  as  the  two  following;  prothorax 
sparsely  punctured,  more  deeply  channeled  and  impressed;  hind 
angles  of  head  more  tumid  and  nearly  square;  elytra  elevated 
at  base. 
Fusco-testaceous,  elytra  paler,  with  a  medial  marginal  dark  spot;  an- 
tennae cf  very  l5ng   .     .     .     .* biforis. 

Black,  antennae  r^  moderate dolorosa. 


—  igi— 

Bd. 
Hind  angles  of  head  sciuare,  gen:e  rather  long;  J^  with  5th  ventral  impressed, 
truncate  and  emarginate. 
Prothorax  obtusely  angulated  or  strongly  sinuate  on  the  sides;  legs  entirely 
yellow;  c?  elytra  yellow,  apex  black  (sometimes  enclosing  yellow 
spot)  and  two  incomplete  bands  black;  antenuce  more  slender, 
fuscous  or  black;  $  elytra  yellow,  with  apex  and  three  bands 
(sometimes  incomplete)  black;  antennae  very  stout,  yellow. 

crassipes. 
Prothorax  rather  rounded  than  sinuate  on  the  sides;  thighs  and  tips  of 

tibice  dark;  abdomen  black tibialis. 

Hind  angles  short,  tumid,  but  obtuse,  neck  less  constricted;  prothorax  less 

sinuate  on  the  sides,  more  finely  and  less  densely  punctured; 

pubescence  white,  long  and  fine. 

Black,  elytra  with  a  basal  spot,  two  bands  connected  near  the  suture,  and 

a  large  spot  near  the  tip  yellow;  legs  and  abdomen  ferruginous, 

tarsi  dusky behrensii. 

Hind  angles  of  head  very  short,  rounded;  r^  as  above. 
Blackish   blue,   shining,  prothorax  feebly  rounded   on   the   sides;    elytra 
slightly  truncate  at  tip,  with  four  pale  yellow  spots  on  each;  base 
of  thighs  pale octonotata. 

Be. 

Black,  with  fine,  sparse,  yellowish  pubescence;  head  and  prothorax  finely, 
very  densely  punctured;  elytra  twice  as  wide  as  prothorax,  punc- 
tured, more  densely  and  a  little  more  finely  towards  the  tip; 
antenna  long  and  slender,  annulate  with  pale,  legs  ferruginous 
or  fuscous pedalis. 

C. 

C  a.— Elytra  protuberant  at  base;  tip  subtruncate,  suture  with  a  small  spine; 
prothorax  scarcely  constricted,  more  deeply  bisinuate  at  base. 

C  b.— Elytra  not  protuberant  at  base,  rounded  at  tip;  prothorax  very  deeply 
constricted  before  and  behind,  sides  strongly  rounded  and  disc 
very  convex;  head  prolonged  behind  eyes. 

C  c— Elytra  not  protuberant  at  base,  rounded  at  tip;  prothorax  slightly  con- 
stricted at  base  and  at  tip,  sides  tuberculate;  head  prolonged 
behind  the  eyes;  antennae  stout,  third  and  fourth  joints  united, 
equal  to  fifth. 

C  a. 

Head  prolonged  behind  the  eyes;  sparsely  punctured,  black,  shining;  elytra 
with  a  yellow  vitta,  sometimes  wanting,  or  entirely  testaceous. 

vittata. 

Neck  very  near  to  the  eyes;  blatk,  prothorax  pubescent,  with  erect  hair, 
densely  punctured  with  a  smooth  dorsal  vitta      .     .     .     pubera. 

Cb. 
Black,  front  legs,  base  of  thighs  and  tibice,  more  or  less  yellow;  prothorax 


—  192 — 

sometimes  red  {rnficollis  Say),   very  finely  pubescent,  nearly 

smooth;  base  punctured sphaericoUis. 

Black,  front  legs,  base  of  thighs  and  tibia;,  more  or  less  yellow;  prothorax 
sparsely,  finely  punctured,  base  punctured;  elytra  more  coarsely 
punctured,  with  a  yellow  vitta  extending  from  base  almost  to 
tip,  sometimes  interrupted  near  the  tip vibex. 

Testaceous,  prothorax  densely  punctured,  clothed  with  yellow  pubescence'' 
elytra  more  coarsely  punctured,  with  a  sutural  and  lateral  black 
vitta,  extending  nearly  to  the  tip aurata. 

Piceous  or  black,  prothorax  scarcely  punctured,  feebly  pubescent;  elytra 
less  coarsely  punctured,  with  three  marginal  spots  and  a  sinuate 
black  vitta  extending  from  base  for  three-fourths  the  length, 
where  it  is  confluent  with  the  posterior  spot,  or  vitta  reduced  to 
a  very  short  basal  streak  and  marginal  spots  to  faint  clouds;  legs 
testaceous,  hind  thighs  dusky  at  tip scripta. 

Cc. 

Testaceous,  elytra  very  coarsely  punctured,  with  a  small  fuscous, spot  near 
the  side  about  the  middle gnathoides. 

D. 

Testaceous,  finely  pubescent;  elytra  with  narrow  sutural  line,  two  small 
clouds  near  the  base,  and  two  about  the  middle  fuscous  (very 
large  species) valida. 

E. 
Elytra  punctured. 

Black,   protliorax  slightly,   but   distinctly  narrowed   in  front,   pubescence 

short;  elytra  black  or  testaceous mutabilis. 

Black,  prothorax  nearly  square,  pubescence  long,  erect,  fuzzy  (one  specimen 

only  known) quadricoUis. 

Elytra  rough,  with  elevated  points  or  granules. 
Very  black,  thorax  feebly  bisinuate  on  the  sides;  antennae  not  carinated, 
nth  joint  not  appendiculate aspera. 

F. 

Black,  antennae  brown,  front  legs  ferruginous,  with  knees,  tip  of  tibia;  and 
tarsi  dark;  head  and  prothorax  longer  than  wide,  densely  and 
finely  punctured,  the  latter  subcanaliculate,  with  smooth,  narrow, 
dorsal  space  (looks  like  Acmcsops) cubitalis. 


'  Bibliography  and  Notes. 

L.  emargiliata  Fab.,  1775,  Ent.  Syst.  i,  2,  p,  341;  Oliv.,   Ent.  iv,  73,  p.  5,  t. 
fig.  26;  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  62. 
Length  30  mm.  =  1.20  inch.     Hab. — Pa.,  N.  C,  N.  Y.,  Texas. 

L.  gigas  Lee,  1873,  S.  INL  C.  No.  264,  p.  223. 

Length  30 — 35  mm.  ^  1.20 — 1.40  inch.     Hab. — Texas,  N.  Mex. 


—  193— 

These  two  are  easily  known  l)y  the  large  size  and  red  elytra, 
sulcate  in  gigas,  not  in  cmarginata. 

L.  obliterata  Hald.,  1847,  1.  c. ;  perductor\<I?\Vs^x,  Nat.  Hist.  Vane.  1866,  ii, 
p.  333;  vitiosa  Lee,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil,  vii,  1854,  p.  iS;  Ent.  Rep. 
1857,  p.  64. 
Length  15 — 18  mm.  =  .60 — .72  inch.     Ilab. — Vane,  Wash.,  Oreg.,  Cal., 
Nev.,  Mont.,  Id. 

Varies  in  the  extent  of  the  black  markings,  and  LeConte's  name 
vitiosa  is  applied  by  some  to  the  specimens  with  elytral  tip  black, 
reserving  obliterata  for  the  lighter  specimens  withont  black  tip. 

L.  soror  Lee,  1873,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  223. 

Length  12  mm.  =  .48  inch.     Hab. — Cal.,  Vane. 

Very  close  to  the  preceding,  but  the  elytra  lack  the  ante-medial 
spot  and  the  antennce  are  stouter,  the  fourth  joint  more  distinctly 
shorter  than  the  fifth  than  in  obliterata. 

L.  propinqua  Bland,  1865,  Proc  Ent.  Soc.  Phil.  p.  384. 

Length  12 — 16  mm.  =  .48 — .64  inch.    Hab. — Col.,  Nev.,  N.  l\Iex.,  Ariz., 
Or.,  Wash.,  Id.,  Mont.,  Can.  W. 

L.  deleta  Lee,  1853,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  ii,  p.  328. 
Length  12  mm.  =  .48  inch.     Hab. — Mass. 

L.  plebeja  Rand.,  1838,  Bost.  Jour,  ii,  p.  28;  Lee,  1.  c.  p.  333. 

Length  13  mm.  =  .52  inch.     Hab.— C^n.,  Mich.,  N.  J.,  N.  C,  N.  H,, 
L.  Superior,  Maine. 

These  seem  to  be  rare  in  collections,  and  I  have  been  unable  to 
procure  specimens  of  deleta  and  plebeja.  The  descriptions  in  table 
will  serve  to  identify  them.  The  general  form  is  similar  to  the 
neighboring  species. 

L.  subhamata  Rand.,  1838,  Bost.  Journ.  ii,  p.  28;  Hald.,  1.  c.  p.  61;  armata 
Hald.,  1.  e  p.  61;  interrupta  Newn.,  Ent.  1841,  p.  72;  lecontei 
Dej.  Cat.;  elegans  Lee,  1.  e  p.  329;  Hald.,  1.  e  p.  63. 

,  Length  12 — 15  mm.  :=  .48 — .60  inch.  Hab. — Can.,  N.  H.,  Mich.,  N.  J., 
N.  Y..  Pa.,  Va.,  N.  C,  111.,  Mass. 

An  abundant  and  variable  species,  S  and  9  differing  in  color, 
the  9  being  much  the  blacker.  The  normal  marking  of  thorax  is 
black  with  yellow  sides  9  .  yellow  preponderating  S  ,  or  reducing 
the  black  color  to  a  discal  line  in  the  form  elegans  Lee.  The  elytra 
are  normally  black  with  a  yellew  vitta  interrupted  at  middle  and  not 
reaching  tip  9  ,  or  yellow  color  exceeding  black  S  ,  or  reducing  the 
black  to  a  short,  transverse,  medial  spot,  form  elegans  Lee.  The 
black  color  also  disappears  almost  entirely  from  the  legs  in  this 
extreme  form. 


—  194— 

L.  abdominalis  Hald.,  1847,  1.  c.  p.  63,  rf ;  atrovittata  Bland,  1864,  Proc.  Ent. 
Soc.  p.  255  9. 
Length  15  mm.  =  .60  inch.     Hab. — N.  J.,  Ga.,  So.  La.,  Texas. 

A  conspicuously  stout  species,  the  sexes  diftering  in  color  and 
described  under  different  names. 

L.  plagifera  Lee,  1873,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  224  9-  anthracina  Lee,  1S75, 
Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  v,  p.  174  <^. 
Length  13  mm.  =  .52  inch.     Hab. — Nev.,  Col.,  Cal.,  Mont.  Id.,  Or. 

L,  amabilis  Lee,  1857,  Ent.  Rep.  p.  64. 

Length  7.5  mm.  =  .30  inch.     Hab.— Or.,  Wash. 

This  species  seems  to  be  rare,  and  is  in  few  collections. 

L.  lineola  Say,  1823,  J.  A.  P.  iii,  p.  421;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  330;  Dej. 
Cat.  3  ed.  p.  362;  indirecta  Newn.  Ent.  184],  p.  71;  cincta  Hald. 
Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  63. 
Length  8—13  mm.  =  32—52  inch.     Hab.—'N.  Y.,  Pa.,  Va.,  Texas,  Md., 
Can.,  N.  H.,  Mass.,  N.  C,  Miss.,  C.  W. 

L.  rubida  Lee,  1873,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  224. 
Length  13  mm.  =  .52  inch.     Hab.—Ca\. 

This  species  also  seems  rare.      Dr.  LeConte's  description  says 
"  o-eneral  form  is  the  same  as  subargentata.'' 

L.  cruentata  Hald.,  1847,  1.  c.  p.  64. 

Length  9  mm.  =  .36  inch.     Hab. — Pa.,  Ga.,  Texas,  Can.  W. 

L.  chalybaBa  Hald.,  1847,  1.  e  p.  60;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  331;  cyanella 
Lee  (undescribed) 
Length  6  mm.;  .24  inch.     Hab.—CM\.,  N.  Y.,  Pa.,  N.  C,  O.,  la. 

L.  capitata  Newn.,  Ent.  1841,  p.  71;  Hald.,  1.  e  p.  65;  sajiguuiicollis  Dej.  Cat. 
Length  6.5 — 9  mm.;  .26— .36  inch.     Hab.—C?L\\.,  N.  H.,  Pa.,  Mich.,  la., 
Ohio,  Ga.,  N.  Y.,  Mo.,  Mass. 
L.  americana  Hald.,  1847,  1.  e  p.  63;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  2,2>^\fiiscico//is 
Dej.  Cat. 
Length  8 — 9  mm.;  .32— .36  inch.     Hab. — Ohio,  Ind.  T.,  Ga.,  Pa. 

The  hind  angles  of  prothorax  are  very  prominent  in  this  species, 
which  otherwise  greatly  resembles  the  preceding. 

L.  haematites  Newn.,  Ent.  1841.  p.  73- 

Length  4—6  mm.;  .16— .24  inch.    //«/).— Mass.,  Ct.,  N.  Y.,  N.  C,  N.  111. 

Very  abundant  near  New  York  on  the  blossoms  of  Cormis. 

L.  exigiia  Newn.,  1841,  Ent.  p.  73;  nana  Newn.  1.  e;  saucia  Lee,  Proc.  Ac. 
Phil.  1862,  p.  40. 
Length  5.5—7  mm.;  .22— .28  inch.    Hab.—Q?i\\.,  Mass.,  N.  Y.,  Pa.,  N.  111. 

The  species  is  found  to  vary  considerably  in  color.     See  note 
by  Dr.  Horn,  vol.  i,  p.  8.      "  The  typical  form  is  black,  the  basal 


—  195— 

joint  of  antennce  and  front  legs  pale;  nana  has  mouth,  front  legs, 
and  bases  of  middle  and  hind  femora  pale;  saucia  has  legs  similar 
to  nana,  the  thorax  yellow,  with  a  large  discoidal  black  spot;  some- 
times the  angles  only  yellow. 

L.  SUbai-gentata  Kirby,  1837,  Fn.  Bor.  Am.  iv,  p.  1S4;  Mann.,  Bull.  Mosc.  1853, 
iii,  p.  251;  ruficeps  Lee,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil.  1862,  p.  40;  similisKy., 
1.  c,  p.  185;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  p.  331;  rufibasis  Lee,  Proc. 
Ac.  Phil.  1862,  p.  40;  rhodopus  Lee,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  1874, 
p.  68. 
Length  6—7.5  "■>'"•;  -24— .30  inch,     //i?*^.— Alaska,  Vane,  H.  B.  T..  L. 
Sup.,  N.  H.,  N.  Y.,  Ga.,  Mich.,  Col.,  N.  Mex.,  Nev.,  Cal.,  Wash., 
Can.  W.,  Can.  E.,  Mont.,  Mass. 
This  is  another  very  variable  species  in  color.    The  typical  form 
is  entirely  black,  hoary  with  fine  white  pubescence. 

Form  rnficeps:  head  dull  ferruginous;  front  legs  and  base  of 
middle  thighs  testaceous. 

Form  similis:    scape,  front  legs,  base  of  middle  and  part  ot 
hind  tibiae  ferruginous. 

Form  rufibasis:  scape  and  legs  ferruginous. 
Form  rhodopus:  entirely  black. 

L.  molybdica  Lee,  1850,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p..  loi;  militaris  Chev.,  Rev.  Zool. 
1855,  p.  187;  Ann.  Fr.  1858,  p.  529,  t.  12,  fig.  3. 
Length  5—6  mm.;  .20— .24  inch.     Hab.—C?i\.,  Rocky  Mts.,  Nev.,  Or. 
Chevrolat's  name  militaris  is  usually  applied  to  the  form  with 
red  humeral  angles. 

L.  laeta  Lee,  1857,  Ent.  Rep.  p.  64. 

Length  12.5  mm.;  .50  inch.     Hab.—\\i\s\\.,  Or.,  Cal.,  Nev.,  \'ane 

L.  nitens  Forst.,   1771,  Nov.  Spec.  Ins.  p.  45;  zebra  Oliv.,  1795,  Ent.  iv,  73, 
p.  19,  t.  3,  fig.  33;  Hald.,  1849,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  62;  Caro- 
lina \\&h.,  i8or,  Obs.  Ent.   i,  p.  91;  qnagga  Germ.,  1824,  his. 
Lep.  nov.  p.  521. 
Length  10 — 13  mm.;  .40 — .52  inch.     //«(^.— Massachusetts,  New  York, 
Pennsylvania,  North  Carolina,  IlHnois,  Texas,  New  Jersey,  Iowa, 
Georgia,  Canada  West. 
Forster's  name  has  priority,  and  should  be  restored.    The  con- 
fusion caused  by  the  strong  resemblance  to    Typoceriis  zebraiiis  is 
noted  in  the  remarks  under  that  species,  and  it  is  well  to  have  the 
names  more  distinctive. 

L.  tribalteata  Lee,  1873,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  224. 

Length  7—10  mm.;  .28— .40  inch,     //a/^.— Nevada,  California,  Idaho. 

L.  impnra  Lee,  1857,  Ent.  Rep.  p.  64. 

Length  9  mm.;  .36  inch,     //ai^.— Nevada,  Oregon,  California. 


— 196 — 

L.  cordifera  Oliv.,  1795,  Ent.  iv,  p.  25,  t.  4,  fig.  41;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p. 
332;  abdoininalis  Dej.  Cat.  3ed.;  rosariim  Lee,  1.  c. ;  lunaris 
Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  59. 
Length  10 — ^13  mm.;  .40 — -.52  inch.  Hab. — New  Hampshire,  Massachu- 
setts, New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  North 
Carolina,  Georgia,  Michigan,  Maryland,  Lake  Superior. 

L.  instabilis  Hald.,  1847,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  59;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p. 
332;  convexa  Lee,  1.  e ;  quadrata  Lee,  S.  I\L  C.  No.  264,  p, 
225. 
Length  7 — 13  mm.;  .28 — .52  inch.  Hab. — New  Hampshire,  Montana, 
Idaho,  Wyommg,  Oregon,  Washington,  California,  Nevada, 
Colorado,  Kansas,  New  Mexico,  Saskatchewan. 

This  species  and  the  preceding  are  continually  confused  in  col- 
lections; the  differences  and  variations  in  color  are  pointed  out  in 
the  synoptic  table.  It  will  be  noted  that  cordifera  is  an  eastern  spe- 
cies, and  instabilis  a  western,  though  the  localities  overlap  somewhat. 
The  specimens  in  collections  are  usually  banded  and  labeled  convexa, 
and  the  name  instabilis  retained  for  those  with  the  bands  broken 
into  spots.  I  propose  to  extend  the  name  quadrata  Lee.  to  the 
form  which  is  entirely  black,  it  having  been  originally  applied  to  a 
specimen  nearly  black,  with  antennae  and  legs  ferruginous. 

L.  sexmaculata  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.  ed.  x,  p.  398;  Oliv..  Ent.  iv,  73,  p.  26;  Kby., 
1837,  Fn.  Bor.  Am.  iv,  p.  182. 
Length  9.5  mm.;  .38  inch.    Hab. — Colorado,  Michigan,  New  Hampshire, 
Vancouver,  Lake  Superior,  Canada. 

This  insect  is  common  to  our  northern  latitudes  and  those  of 
Europe. 

L.  vexatrix  Mann.,  1853,  Bull.  Mose  lii,  p.  250. 

Length  10.5  mm.;  .42  inch.     Hab. — Kenai,  California.  Nevada,  Oregon. 

This  species  has  been  confused  with  the  preceding  form,  which 
it  differs  by  the  characters  of  the  table. 

L.  sexspilota  Lee,  1859,  Proe  Ac.  Phil.  p.  80. 
Length  9  mm.;  .36  inch.     Hab. — California. 

L.  matthewsii  Lee,  1869,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist,  iv,  p.  384. 

Length  14  mm.;  .56  inch.     Hab. — Vancouver,  Washington,  California. 

L.  grossa  Lee,  1875,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  225. 

Length  18  mm.;  .72  inch.     Hab. — California. 

L.  brevicornis  Lee,  1.  e 

Length  18 — 19  mm.;  .62 — .76  inch.     Hab. — Washington,  Nevada. 
L.  nigrella  Say,  1827,  J.  A.  P.  v,  2,  p.  279;  nigrita  Dej.  Cat.  3  ed. 

Length  10 — 15  mm.;  .40 — .60  inch.  Hab. — Hudson's  Bay,  Michigan,. 
Washington,  Nevada,  Colorado,  New  Mexico,  Canada,  Lake 
Superior,  Georgia,  Maine. 


—  197— 

L.  carbonata  Lee,  iS6i,  Proc  Ac.  Phil.  p.  355. 

Length  9.5  mm.;  .38  incli.     Hab. — Washington,  Cahfornia. 

L.  canadensis  Oliv.,  1795,  Ent.  iv,  73,  p.  8,  t.  3,  tig.  27;  Fab.,  1801,  Syst.  El. 
ii.  P-  357;  Kirby,  Fn.  Bor.  Am.  iv,  p.  181;  tenuicornis  (^  Hald., 
Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  64;  erythroptera  Kirby;  1.  c.  p.  180;  cin- 
nanwptcra  Hald.,  1.  c.  p.  64;  cribripennis  Lee,  Col.,  Kansas, 
1859,  p.  21. 
Length  12 — 18  mm.;  .48 — .76  inch.  Hab. — Canada,  Nova  Scotia,  New 
Hampshire,  Michigan,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia,  Kan- 
sas, Colorado,  Idaho,  Vancouver,  IVjassachusetts,  Louisiana, 
Missouri,  Canada  West,  Georgia,  Lake  Superior,  New  Mexico, 
Nebraska,  Oregon. 

Olivier' s  description  antedates  that  of  F'abricius.  The  speci- 
mens vary  a  great  deal  in  color  and  in  punctuation.  The  name 
cribripeiuiis  Lee.  is  applied  to  very  coarsely  punctate,  shining  speci- 
mens; erythroptera  Ky. ,  to  specimens  with  entirely  red  elytra,  not 
shining;  canadensis  Oliv.,  to  specimens  with  elytra  bicolored,  not 
shining;  ebena  is  proposed  for  specimens  with  elytra  entirely  black. 

L.  rabrica  Say,  1823,  J.  A.  P.  iii,  p.  418;  Hald.,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil,  iv,  p.  374;  an- 
niilata  Dej.  Cat.  3,  ed. ;  erythroptera  Germ.,  Spec.  Ins.  nov.  p. 
522;  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  64. 
Length  10 — 16  mm.;  .40 — .64  inch.  Hab. — Massachusetts,  New  York^ 
New  Jersey,  Virginia,  Georgia,  N.  Illinois,  Michigan,  Nebraska, 
Pennsylvania,  Colorado,  Kansas. 

L.  circumdata  Oliv.,  1795,  Ent.  73,  p.  32,  t.  4,  fig.  48;  Hald.,  I.  c.  p.  65. 

Length  7 — 8  mm.;   .28 — .32   inch.      Hab. — Massachusetts,   New  York. 
Pennsylvania. 

L.  vagans  Oliv.,  1795,  1.  c.  p.  31;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  337;  axillaris  Dej. 
Cat.  3  ed.;  brevis  Kby.,  Fn.  Bor.  Am.  iv,  p.  182. 
Length  9 — 12  mm.;  .36 — .48  inch.     Hab. — New  Hampshire,  Massachu- 
setts, New  York,  New  Jersey,   Pennsylvania,   Virginia,   North 
Carolina,  Georgia,  Michigan,  Maine,  Canada,  Canada  West. 

L.  dehiscens  Lee,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil.  1859,  p.  89. 

Length   10 — ir.5   mm.;  .40 — .46  inch.      Hab. — Washington^   California, 
Oregon,  Vancouver. 

L.  sanguinea  Lee ,  1.  e 

Length  10  mm.;  .40  inch.     Hab. — Vancouver,  Washington,  California, 
Colorado,  N.  Mexico,  Nevada,  Michigan,  N.  Hampshire,  Oregon. 

L.  laetifica  Lec.,.l.  e;  lugens  Lee,  1.  e 

Length  8 — 12  mm.;  .32 — .48  inch.      Hab. — Nevada,  Washington,  Cali- 
fornia, Oregon. 

L.  hirtella  Lee,  1873,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  226. 

Length  10  mm.,  .40  inch.     Hab. — Labrador,  New  Hampshire. 


L.  quadrillum  Lee,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil.  1859,  P-  88. 

Length  9 — 10  mm.;  .36 — .40  inch,    //ai^.— Vancouver,  VVashnigton,  Cali- 
fornia, Oregon. 

L.  chrysocoma  Kby.,  1837,  Fn.,  Bor.  Am.  iv,  p.  179,  t.  5,  fig.  2;  aufipilis  Lee, 
J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  339. 
Length  12 — 14  mm.;  .48 — .56  inch.    Hab. — Hudson's  Bay,  Canada,  Nova 
Scotia,  Michigan,  Idaho,  Vancouver,  Colorado,  Maine,  Lake  Su- 
perior, Utah,  New  York,  Oregon,  California,  Nevada,  N.  Mexico. 

L.  nigrolineata  Bland,  1865,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Phil,  iv,  p.  383. 

Length  7  lines;  14.5  mm. ;  .58  inch.     Hab. — Colorado,  Idaho. 

L.  rufula  Hald.,  1847,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  60. 

Length  9.25  mm.;  .37  inch.     Hab. — Michigan,  Lake  Superior. 

L.  proxima  Say,  1823,  J.  A.  P.  iii,  p.  420;  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  65; 
subpubescens  Kby.,  Fn.  Bor.  Am.  iv,  p.  180;  terniinata  Dej.  Cat. 
3  ed.;  atrata  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  339;  Dej.  Cat.  3  ed. 
Length  14  mm.;  .56  inch.  Hab. — Canada,  New  Hampshire,  New  York, 
Virginia,  Georgia,  Ohio,  Michigan,  Missouri,  Illinois,  Wisconsin, 
Massachusetts,  Canada  West,  Pennsylvania. 

The  name  atrata  Lee.  was  applied  to  specimens  entirely  black. 

L.  biforis  Newn.,  1841,  Ent.  p.  70;  Hald.,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  64. 

Length  12 — 13  mm.;  .48 — .52  inch.     Hab. — Canada,  Pennsylvania,  Vir- 
ginia, New  York,  Canada  West. 
This  species  resembles  the  entirely  testaceous  form  of  L.  vittata, 
and  thereby  becomes  mixed  with  it  in  collections. 

L.  dolorosa  Lee,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil.  1861,  p.  355. 

Length  13  mm.;  .52  inch.     Hab. — Vancouver,  Washington,  California, 
Nevada,  Oregon. 

L.  crassipes  Lee,  Ent.  Rep.  1857,  p.  65;  crassicornis  9  Lee,  S.  M.  C.  No. 

264,  p.  227. 
Length  10 — 13  mm.;    .40 — .52  inch.      Hab. — Vancouver,  Washington, 

Oregon,  California,  Nevada,  Idaho. 
A  large  series  collected  by  Mr.  H.  F.  Wickham  in  Idaho  ap- 
peared to  me  to  correspond  with  Dr.  LeConte's  description  ot  cras- 
sicornis previously  known  by  one  specimen  in  Mr.  Ulke's  cabinet. 
Dr.  Horn  confirmed  this  opinion,  but  found  the  specimens  to  be  all 
females,  while  the  specimens  of  crassipes  corresponding  to  the  de- 
scription were  all  males,  whereby  the  synonymy  above  was  estab- 
lished. 

L.  tibialis  Lee,  1850,  Agass.  Lake  Superior,  p.  236. 

Length    10 — 13  mm.;    .40— .52  inch.     //a(^.— Lake  Superior,  Michigan, 
Washington,  New  Hampshire. 

L.  behrensii  Lee,  1873,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  227. 
Length  17  mm.;  .68  inch.     Hab. — California. 
These  two  seem  to  be  rather  rare. 


—199— 

L.  OCtOilOtata  Say,  J.  A.  P.  iii,  p.  419;  Hald..  1.  c.  p.  65;  stictica  Newn.,  Ent. 
p.  72;  \-punctata,  Hald.,  1.  c.  p.  64. 
Length  10—20  mm.;  .40— .48  incli.     //ff*^.— Massachusetts,  Pennsylvania, 
Virgniia,  Alabama,  Mississippi,  N.  Illinois,  New  York,  Wiscon- 
sin, Canada  West. 

L.  pedalis  Lee,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil.  1861,  p.  355. 

Length  10  mm.;  .40 inch.  //ab.—Naw  Hampshire,  Lake  Superior,  Michi- 
gan, Anticosti. 

L.  vittata  Oliv.,  Ency.  M6th.  vii,  p.  523;  Ent.  iv,  73,  p.  30,  t.  4,  fig.  45;  abbre- 
viata  Germ.,  Ins.  Spec.  nov.  p.  523;  Zenk.,  Dej.  Cat.  3  ed.,  382; 
Ihnbata  Knoch.,  in  litt. ;  semivittata  Kb.,  Fn.  Bor.  Am.  iv,  p.  88. 
Length  10-13  mm.;  .40— .52  mch.  Hab. — Canada,  New  Hampshire, 
Massachusetts,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Virginia, 
Georgia,  Alabama,  N,  Illinois,  Michigan,  Louisiana,  Maine, 
Wisconsin. 

L.  pubera  Say,  1827,  J.  A.  P.  v,  2,  p.  279. 

Length  9—10  mm.;  .36— .40  inch.  Hab.— New  Hampshire,  Pennsylvania, 
Virginia,  N.  Illinois,  Michigan,  Massachusetts,  Canada  West, 
Lake  Superior,  Georgia,  New  York. 

L.  sphaerlcollis  Say,  1827,  J.  A.  P.  v,  2,  p.  280;  disckolMsDey  Cat.  383;  allecta 
Newn.,  Ent.  1841,  p.  72;  riiJicollisSay,  J.  A.  P.  iii,  1823,  p.  421; 
collaris  Melsh.,  in  litt.;  pauper cula  Newn.,  Ent.  p.  72. 
Length  7--8  mm.;  .28— .32  inch,  //a/^.— Canada,  New  Hampshire,  Mas- 
sachusetts, New  York,  Ohio,  Kentucky,  Michigan,  Lake  Supe- 
rior, Pennsylvania,  Canada  West,  Maine. 

The  name  sphcericollis  is  later  than  riijicollis,  but  is  preferred, 
as  being  descriptive  of  the  species  rather  than  a  special  form  thereof, 
like  ruficollis,  which  is  retained  for  the  form  it  suggests,  viz. :  that 
with  red  thorax. 

L,  vibex  Newn..  1841,  Ent.  p.  72;  nitidicollis  Horn,  Proc.  Ac.  Phil.  1S60,  p. 
570,  t.  8,  fig.  5. 
Length  6—10  mm.;    .24— .40  inch,      //ai^.— Canada,    New  Hampshire, 
Connecticut,  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  Michigan,  New  York,  West 
Virginia. 

L.  anrata  Horn,  i860,  1.  c. 

Length  9  mm.;  .36  inch.    //a(i.— Pennsylvania,  North  Carolina,  Virginia. 

L.  scripta  Lee,  1869,  Ann.  Nat.  Hist,  iv,  p.  384. 

Length  6—9  mm.;  .24— .36  inch.  /Ta/;.— Vancouver,  Washington,  Ore- 
gon, Nevada. 

L.  gnathoides  Lee,  1873,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  228. 

Length  9  mm.;  .36  inch.     //rt<5'.— Washington,  Oregon. 

A  rare  and  very  peculiar  species,  resembling  Gnathium  ininimian 
of  the  Meloidcs. 


—  200 — 

L.  valida  Lee,  1857,  Ent.  Rep.  p.  64,  t.  2,  fig.  14. 

Length  22  mm.;  .88 inch.    //<3;(5.— California,  Nevada,  Oregon,  Vancouver. 
The  largest  of  our  Leptura  after  gigas  and  emarginata. 

L.  mutabilis  Newn.,  1841,  Ent.  p.  71;  Lee,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  340;  liiridi- 
pennis  Hald.,  1.  c.  p.  63;  Dej.  Cat.  3  ed. 
Length  8-13  mm.;  .32 — .52  inch.     Hab. — New  Hampshire,  Massachu- 
setts, New  Jersey,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  Michigan,  Canada. 
The  species  with  testaceous  elytra  were  called   by  Haldeman 
luridipennis,  but  a  large  series  shows  such  gradations  that  it  is  in- 
convenient to  attempt  any  separation. 

L.  quadricoUis  Lee,  1850,  J.  A.  P.  ser.  2,  i,  p.  339. 

Length  8-9  mm. ;  .32 — .36  inch.     Hab. — Massachusetts,  Vermont. 
Very  rare,  and  doubtfully  distinct  from  mutabilis. 

L.  aspera  Lee,  1873,  S.  M.  C.  No.  264,  p.  228. 

Length  9 — 13  mm.;  .36 — .52  inch,     /^a^.— Canada,  Michigan,  Colorado, 
Idaho,  Vancouver. 

L,  cubitalisLee,  1861,  Proe  Ac.  Phil.  p.  355. 
Length  8  mm. ;  .32  inch.     Hab. — California. 


Association  of  Official  Economic  Entomologists. 


The  second  annual  meeting  of  the  Association  of  Official  Eco- 
nomic Entomologists  will  be  held  at  the  university  buildings,  Cham- 
paign, 111.,  November  nth  to  15th,  proximo,  at  the  same  time  as 
the  meeting  of  the  Association  of  Agricultural  Colleges  and  Ex- 
periment Stations.  The  committee  on  Entomology  of  the  latter 
association  will  meet  at  the  same  time. 

Members  expecting  to  attend  will  confer  a  favor  upon  the  offi- 
cers if  they  will  announce  the  fact,  and  will  send  titles  of  papers  to 
be  be  read,  or  topics  they  desire  discussed,  to  the  secretary. 

All  are  earnestly  requested  to  be  present  if  possible. 

John  B.  Smith,  Secretary. 


A  series  of  studies  made  upon  the  mouth  parts  of  Diptera  in- 
dicate a  homology  different  from  any  previously  accepted.  Thus 
far  I  have  examined  a  large  number  of  families,  and  have  succeeded 
in  distinguishing  all  parts  of  the  labitmi,  including  the  palpi,  and  all 
parts  of  the  maxilla.  The  labelke  and  the  operculum  are  modifica- 
tions of  the  galea.  The  slides  are  all  made,  the  drawings  are  in  an 
advanced  state  of  preparation,  and  the  paper  will  be  ready  early  in 
October  if  all  goes  well. — ^J.  B.  S. 


AMERIGANA 


VOL.  VI..        BROOKLYN,  NOVEMBER,  1890. 


No.  11. 


THE  BLACK  PEACH  APHIS. 

A  new  species  of  the  genus  Aphis. 

By  Erwin  F.   Smith,  Sc.  D.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

(Continued  from  p.  103,  vol.  vi.) 

My  attention  was  first  called  to  this  aphis  in  the  Summer  of 
1887.  Since  then  I  have  observed  it  repeatedly,  my  line  of  scientific 
inquiry  having  kept  me  in  the  peach  orchards  of  the  eastern  United 
States  almost  continuously  each  year  during  the  season  of  growth. 
I  saw  it  first  upon  the  roots  of  the  peach  and  did  not  find  any  upon 
the  parts  above  ground  for  more  than  a  year. 

This  aphis  is  not  restricted  to  any  portion  of  the  root  system, 
but  it  prefers  the  smaller  and  younger  fibres  which  admit  of  easy 
puncture.  Upon  these  the  insect  congregates  and  multiplies.  Some- 
times the  rootlets  are  entirely  covered  for  an  inch  or  two  and  com- 
pletely sapped,  the  remoter  portions  becoming  flabby  and  devitalized. 
Generally,  however,  I  have  found  these  root  aphides  in  smaller 
colonies;  sometimes  it  has  required  much  digging  to  find  any;  and 
in  a  few  instances  I  have  failed  altogether,  when,  fi-om  the  appear- 
ance of  the  trees,  I  had  every  reason  to  suspect  their  presence. 
From  these  observations  I  conclude  that  they  are  more  abundant  at 
certain  times  of  the  year  than  at  others.  The  character  of  the  soil 
also  appears  to  have  some  influence  on  their  prevalence.  They  are 
most  abundant  and  most  destructive  on  light  sandy  lands,  such  as 
occur  in  southern  New  Jersey,  and  in  the  middle  and  southern  parts 
of  the  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  peninsula.  I  have,  however,  seen 
them  on  roots  taken  from  the  stiff"  clay  a  foot  below  the  surface. 


Entomologica  Americana.     Vol.  IV. 


NOVEMEKR,   1S9O. 


— 202 — 

I  saw  them  first  in  July,  18S7.  Since  then  I  have  found  tliem 
on  the  roots  in  August,  September,  October,  November,  April  and 
May.  Experienced  peach  growers  tell  me  that  they  have  also  seen 
them  on  the  roots  in  December,  January  and  February.  Of  their 
presence  on  the  roots  in  mid-Winter,  I  think  there  can  be  no  reason- 
able doubt.  I  believe  it  as  firmly  as  anything  I  have  not  myself 
observed.  During  the  last  four  years  I  have  found  them  in  seven 
counties  on  the  Chesapeake  and  Delaware  peninsula,  and  have  also 
seen  them  on  the  roots  of  peach-trees  in  southwestern  Michigan 
(1889).  Altogether,  I  suppose  I  must  have  found  them  on  the  roots 
at  least  fifty  times. 

Upon  the  parts  above  ground  I  did  not  observe  the  insect  until 
the  fall  of  1888,  although  I  had  looked  for  it  repeatedly  in  many 
orchards.  It  should  be  stated,  however,  that  my  observations  in 
this  part  of  the  United  States  were  limited  both  years  to  mid-Sum- 
mer and  Autumn,  while  the  forms  above  ground  are  most  prevalent 
in  the  Spring.  Even  in  1888  I  saw  only  two  or  three  small  colonies, 
and  these  were  confined  to  one  nursery.  On  the  roots  of  the  same 
trees,  however,  they  were  quite  common  at  this  time,  and  also  during 
the  next  Summer. 

In  the  mild  Winter  of  1888-S9,  colonies  began  to  appear  upon 
the  branches  of  the  peach  long  before  any  buds  swelled.  These 
colonies  continued  upon  the  branches  and  increased  in  number  until 
some  time  in  May.  During  that  month  they  were  in  nearly  every 
orchard  which  I  visited.  In  many  orchards  they  were  prevalent 
enough  to  cause  uneasiness,  especially  in  the  early  part  of  the  grow- 
ing season  when  the  leaf  buds  first  opened.  However,  they  did  no 
serious  injury,  and  in  Autumn  when  I  returned  they  were  gone  from 
the  parts  above  ground,  but  were  plentiful  on  the  roots. 

The  Winter  of  1889-90  was  milder  than  the  preceding  one.  In 
fact,  throughout  the  eastern  United  States  it  was  a  remarkable 
Winter  in  many  respects.  Very  little  snow  fell  in  the  latitude  of 
Washington,  little  or  no  ice  was  harvested  south  of  New  York  City, 
and  the  mean  Winter  temperature  was  many  degrees  above  the 
normal.  Peach  buds  began  to  swell  in  January,  and  many  trees 
blossomed  in  February.  The  orchards  of  upper  Maryland  and 
Delaware  were  in  full  blossom  March  31st,  several  weeks  earlier  than 
usual.  The  mild  weather  seems  to  have  greatly  favored  the  multi- 
plication of  this  peach  aphis.  I  first  heard  of  it  on  the  branches 
about  Christmas,  and  received  the  first  specimens  January  7th  from 
Still  Pond,  Maryland.  These  Winter  colonies  continued  on  the 
branches  until  Spring  opened. 


—  203 — 

In  the  Spring"  and  early  Summer  of  1S90,  this  aphis  was  again 
in  the  orchards  wherever  I  went,  and  in  much  larger  numbers  than 
the  year  before.  It  was  also  sent  to  me,  or  reported  to  me,  from 
southern  New  Jersey,  Virginia,  the  west  shore  of  the  Chesapeake  in 
Maryland,  and  from  southern  parts  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Delaware 
peninsula,  which  I  was  unable  to  visit.  I  could  not,  however,  learn 
of  its  presence  in  any  part  of  the  extreme  South,  although  I  made 
diligent  inquiry  of  many  peach  growers,  and  supplemented  this  by 
personal  observation  during  June  and  July  in  the  orchards  and  nur- 
series of  middle  Georgia.  In  Delaware  and  Maryland,  and  parts 
of  New  Jersey  and  Virginia,  this  aphis  was  reported  everywhere  to 
be  unusually  prevalent  and  destructive.  In  April,  when  the  leaf 
buds  were  pushing,  I  saw  them  clustered  upon  so  many  shoot-axes, 
and  so  compactly,  as  to  kill  young  trees,  and  even  very  considerable 
branches  upon  older  trees.  They  were  especially  destructive  to 
nursery  trees  and  to  orchards  just  planted.  I  saw  one  nursery  in 
which  at  least  100,000  trees  had  been  killed  outright  in  two  or  three 
weeks'  time.  I  also  heard  of  half  a  dozen  large  nurseries  which 
were  entirely  destroyed  or  very  seriously  affected,  and  of  orchard- 
ists  who  will  be  compelled  to  replant  hundreds  of  trees. 

In  the  upper  part  of  Maryland  and  Delaware,  these  aphides 
were  less  destructive  than  on  the  sandy  lands  of  Sussex,  Caroline, 
Calvert,  and  other  southern  counties.  Toward  the  end  of  May  they 
had  almost  disappeared,  owing  in  part,  at  least,  to  the  attacks  of 
Coccinellidae  and  other  enemies.  By  mid-Summer  they  had  disap- 
peared completely,  but  were  to  be  found  on  the  roots  as  usual. 

There  can  be  no  doubt,  I  think,  as  to  the  identity  of  the  aerial 
and  subterranean  forms.  They  are  alike  in  every  important  par- 
ticular,— in  structure  as  well  as  in  color.  Indeed,  it  would  puzzle 
any  one  to  tell  whether  a  given  specimen  came  from  above  ground 
or  below.  I  have  found  colonies  of  identical  appearance,  macro- 
scopically  and  microscopically,  on  outer  limbs,  on  short  spurs  of 
main  branches,  on  the  trunk  near  the  earth,  on  the  collar  just  be- 
neath the  surface,  and  on  all  parts  of  the  root  system.  Moreover, 
there  are  biological  as  well  as  morphological  reasons  for  believing 
the  two  forms  identical. 

This  aphis  is  visited  by  several  ants,  and  is  specially  fostered  by 
Lasius  claviger  Roger,  a  yellow  species.  These  ants  li\'e  in  the 
earth  of  peach  orchards,  and  I  have  seen  them  carry  the  under- 
ground form  from  place  to  place  when  the  roots  have  been  disturbed. 
If  they  do  this  when  the  aphides  are  molested,  they  undoubtedly  do 
it  at  other  times;  and,  if  such  are  their  habits  under  ground,  very 


—  204 — 

likely  the  aphides  are  also  carried  to  parts  above  ground,  which 
these  ants  also  frequent.  That  they  actually  bring  the  aphides  out 
of  the  earth  has  not  been  established  by  observation,  but  there  can 
be  no  reasonable  doubt.  It  is  probable  that  many,  at  least,  of  the 
colonies  which  appear  on  the  parts  above  ground  in  the  early  Spring 
have  not  come  from  Winter  eggs,  but  from  the  root-infesting  pseu- 
dogynae.  I  believe  this  to  be  true  for  the  following  reasons:  i,  The 
wingless  viviparse  are  to  be  found  on  the  roots  at  this  season  in  com- 
pany with  an  ant  which  takes  a  very  special  interest  in  them;  2,  The 
same  form  generally  appears  above  ground  first  upon  short  spurs 
which  have  recently  grown  from  the  trunk  and  lower  branches  near 
the  earth,  and  migrates  to  remoter  parts  of  the  tree  only  after  several 
days  or  weeks;  3,  In  the  Spring  of  1890,  in  an  old,  root-infested 
orchard,  they  appeared  upon  the  chance  seedlings  which  were  com- 
ing up  all  over  the  orchard,  just  as  soon  as  they  did  upon  the  older 
trees.  This  orchard  was  plowed  a  few  weeks  previous,  after  which 
the  stones  germinated  and  the  seedlings  pushed  through  the  fur- 
rows. They  attacked  the  young  plants  as  soon  as  they  reached  the 
surface  of  the  earth,  and  probably  before.  I  examined  a  great  many 
of  these  tiny  seedlings  and  found  every  one  infested.  At  this  time, 
in  this  orchard,  colonies  were  just  beginning  to  appear  upon  short 
succulent  growths  on  the  trunk  and  lower  limbs,  but  none  could  be 
found  upon  the  upper  and  outer  limbs  until  considerably  later. 
There  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  the  colonies  which  I  found  on 
the  seedlings  at  the  surface  of  the  earth  and  under  it,  crawled  from 
the  distant  tops  of  the  older  trees,  or  were  carried  from  them.  It 
is  much  easier  to  think  of  them  as  coming  from  the  infested  net- 
work of  roots  only  a  few  inches  away.  In  both  cases  I  think  the 
aphides  crawled  out  of  the  earth,  or  were  brought  out  by  the  yellow 
ant. 

I  first  collected  the  winged  viviparous  form  at  Still  Pond,  Md., 
in  April,  1889.  Soon  afterwards  I  took  it  at  Dover,  Del.,  and  con- 
tinued to  find  it  fill  June.  In  1890,  it  was  sent  to  me  from  Calvert 
County,  Md.,  as  early  as  April  14th.  At  Dover  I  could  find  none 
until  April  23d,  and  even  then  those  which  I  obtained  were  from  a 
limb  plucked  three  days  previous  and  kept  in  the  house,  where  it 
dried  up  gradually.  The  disappearance  of  the  food  supply  probably 
hastened  the  metamorphosis,  for  there  were  none  on  the  branch 
when  it  was  brought  in,  and  none  to  be  found  in  the  orchards  until 
some  days  later.  At  Still  Pond  I  found  it  abundant  from  May  5th 
to  19th.  It  was  also  plentiful  at  this  time  in  orchards  around  Dover. 
A  few  days  later  I  saw  it  in  Caroline  County,  Md.,  but  both  forms 
were  then  becoming  scarce. 


—  205— 

Prof.  Uhler  believes  the  eggs  are  deposited  in  Autumn  under 
the  bud  scales.  I  have  not  observed  these,  nor  taken  the  male  or 
female.  The  Autumn  forms  are  probably  not  very  abundant,  save 
in  exceptional  years  or  locations. 

This  aphis  has  been  called  "  The  peach  phylloxera,"  and  the 
injuries  due  to  it  are  very  considerable.  The  "Yellows"  itselt  has 
been  ascribed  to  it,  but  on  insufficient  evidence.  On  the  whole,  it 
is  more  to  be  dreaded  than  the  borer  or  the  curculio.  Often,  how- 
ever, its  ravages  are  overlooked  or  ascribed  to  other  causes,  because 
they  are  carried  on  underground.  But  when,  owing  to  favorable 
seasons  or  other  causes,  they  appear  above  ground  in  great  numbers, 
as  in  1874  or  1890,  they  attract  general  attention  and  cause  much 
alarm. 

After  one  season  in  the  orchards  I  could  pick  out  root-infested 
trees  with  little  difficulty.  Generally,  such  trees  are  badly  dwarfed, 
and  make  only  a  feeble,  sickly  growth.  The  leaves  are  light  green 
or  yellowish,  more  or  less  rolled  at  the  margins,  and  red  or  purple 
spotted  from  the  attacks  of  fungi.  Frequently  I  have  seen  three- 
year  old  trees  so  badly  infested  that  they  were  only  a  little  larger 
than  when  set.  The  farmer  prunes,  tills,  and  coaxes  such  trees  to 
no  purpose.  They  will  not  thrive.  If  this  sort  of  root  pruning  is 
pushed  far  enough,  i.e.,  if  the  aphis  is  very  abundant,  the  tree  dies 
outright.  Frequently,  another  tree  set  in  its  place  succumbs  in  the 
same  way,  and  another  still,  so  that  certain  portions  of  the  orchards 
get  the  evil  reputation  of  being  "dead  spots,"  yet  such  spots  are 
not  ' '  dead' '  to  vines  or  other  fruit  trees. 

As  already  stated,  nursery  trees  and  young  orchards  are  espe- 
cially subject  to  injury  by  this  aphis.  If  orchards  pass  through 
their  first  two  years  in  safety,  they  become  so  vigorous  that  later 
attacks  are  not  very  harmful.  The  greater  part  of  the  mischief  is 
done  soon  after  planting,  or  at  least  before  the  trees  are  extensively 
rooted.  I  have  known  orchards  in  which  several  hundred  trees 
were  killed  the  first  or  second  season,  and  have  heard  of  many  such. 
In  most  of  these  cases  the. roots  were  badly  infested,  while  the  parts 
above  ground  were  not  molested.  Very  badly  infested  orchards  also 
occasionally  outgrow  the  injury  and  become  profitable.  I  have 
known  of  several. 

The  wide  spread  occurrence  of  this  insect  under  ground  will 
account  for  much  of  the  trouble  experienced  in  starting  new  orchards 
in  certain  old  peach  regions.  Very  few  peach  growers  have  any 
adequate  notion  of  its  prevalence.  Extensive  observation  has  con- 
vinced  me  that  few  orchards  along  the  Atlantic  coast  from  New 


— 2o6 — 

Jersey  to  Virginia  are  wholly  exempt  from  it.  In  connection  with 
this  fact  lies  the  explanation  of  another  one  now  generally  accepted 
by  Maryland  and  Delaware  growers,  viz. :  that  young  trees  do  not 
thrive  ivhen  set  in  old  orchards,  or  in  their  immediate  vicinity.  This 
statement  appears  to  be  true;  and  yet  it  is  in  marked  contrast  to  the 
experience  in  Michigan,  where,  for  more  than  ten  years,  thousands 
of  young  trees  have  been  set  successfully  in  place  of  old  trees  which 
were  removed  on  account  of  yellows  or  for  other  reasons.  I  can 
only  explain  this  contradiction  by  supposing  the  insect  to  be  rare  in 
Michigan.  Along  the  Atlantic  coast  this  aphis  deserts  the  roots  of 
old  trees  for  the  more  succulent  tissues  of  young  ones  whenever 
there  is  an  opportunity.  If  it  were  abundant  in  Michigan  the  re- 
sults of  replanting  would  probably  be  much  less  satisfactory  and 
more  in  harmony  with  the  experience  of  eastern  peach  growers. 

Save  in  exceptional  years,  when  young  orchards  have  suftered 
seriously,  and  when  whole  nurseries  have  been  destroyed,  the  injury 
to  the  parts  above  ground  Is  inconsiderable.  The  Spring  of  1890 
was  one  of  these  exceptional  periods.  The  aphis  appeared  before, 
or  soon  after  the  buds  germinated,  and  was  so  abundant  that  hun- 
dreds of  shoot-axes  dried  up  and  died  before  they  were  one-half  an 
inch  long.  After  a  few  weeks  all  of  the  older  trees  got  the  start  of 
the  aphides,  but  even  on  these  I  saw  limbs  one-fourth  of  an  inch  in 
diameter  which  died,  because  all  of  their  growing  buds  had  been 
destroyed. 

Frequently,  for  years  together,  this  aphis  is  not  common  enough 
above  ground  to  attract  any  attention.  Then,  for  a  season  or  two, 
it  will  be  very  abundant. 

Although  I  have  not  seen  it  in  New  Jersey,  that  is  only  because 
I  have  not  traveled  there  extensively.  It  is  well  known  to  Jersey 
peach  growers,  and  especially  to  nurserymen  living  in  the  middle 
and  south  part  of  that  State,  where,  in  time  past,  it  has  done  great 
injury,  and  where  it  appeared  this  year  in  very  considerable  numbers. 

Undoubtedly  this  aphis  is  often  transported  with  nursery  stock. 
Being  on  the  roots  when  the  trees  are  dug  and  packed,  there  is  no- 
thing to  prevent  its  transportation.  Indeed,  unwittingly,  I  introduced 
it  myself  into  one  locality  in  Michigan  along  with  nursery  trees  from 
Maryland,  not,  however,  into  a  peach  region.  The  next  season  it 
appeared  on  the  branches  and  roots,  but  only  upon  the  introduced 
trees.  The  same  season,  many  miles  distant,  at  South  Haven  and 
St.  Joseph,  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  State,  I  saw  peach-trees 
with  the  peculiar  stunted  appearance  which  I  have  so  frequently  seen 
in  the  East.     I  pointed  out  this  similarity  to  various  gentlemen,  and. 


—  207 — 

upon  examining-  the  roots,  we  found  the  black  aphides  as  I  had  pre- 
dicted. None  of  these  gentlemen  had  ever  seen  or  heard  of  this 
insect,  nor  could  I  find  any  Michigan  peach  grower  who  was  better 
informed.  There  were  not  many  cases  at  either  place,  and  all  of 
them  were  young-  trees  recently  introduced  from  New  Jersey. 

This  aphis  seems  to  be  a  native  of  the  United  States.  I  can 
find  no  account  of  it,  or  of  anything  like  it,  in  European  literature. 
It  is  by  far  the  most  abundant  of  our  peach  aphides.  In  compari- 
son. My  2US  per  sices  is  very  rare.  I  believe  this  insect  was  confined 
orig:inally  to  some  native  plant,  and  has  migrated  from  that  to  the 
peach,  finding  the  latter  more  congenial.  If  so,  what  is  this  wild 
plant  ?  As  stated  already,  careful  search  on  the  tops  and  roots  of 
many  weeds  proved  fruitless.  Additional  examinations  of  hundreds 
of  cherry  trees  made  in  the  worst  infested  peach  districts  of  Mary- 
land and  Delaware,  since  the  writing  of  Part  I,  brought  to  light  no 
new  facts.  There  were  some  colonies  of  Myzics  cerasi,  but  none  of 
this  insect. 

I  did  find  it,  however,  upon  the  wild  Pninus  chicasa,  and  on 
the  cultivated  wild  goose  plum.  This  was  in  Kent  County  and 
Caroline  County,  Maryland,  in  May,  but  after  the  first  part  of  this 
paper  was  in  type.  I  also  saw  it  sparingly  on  Damsons  and  other 
types  of  plum.  On  Prumcs  chicasa  it  was  common  on  the  roots  as 
well  as  the  branches.  Froni  what  was  seen  at  that  time  and  gathered 
by  inquiry,  I  infer  that  it  is  as  much  at  home  on  the  Southern  wild 
plum  and  its  cultivated  varieties  as  it  is  on  the  peach,  but  that  it  at- 
tacks other  types  of  plum  only  exceptionally.  It  is  possible,  there- 
fore, that  Primus  chicasa  was  the  original  food-plant  of  this  injurious 
insect,  and  that  it  has  migrated  to  the  peach  in  recent  times. 

The  practical  point  for  the  fruit  grower  is  to  know  how  to  de- 
stroy the  insect. 

There  is  probably  no  certain  way  of  reaching  the  aphis  under 
ground,  although  some  claim  to  have  driven  them  away  by  the  use 
of  very  strong  stable  manure.  When  the  trees  have  been  stunted, 
the  best  thing  is  to  pull  them  out  and  plant  others.  I  have  some- 
times thought  an  insecticide  bath  might  be  provided  for  dipping  the 
roots  of  suspicious  trees  before  planting,  but  I  have  no  suggestions 
to  offer. 

When  the  insect  is  on  the  parts  above  ground  it  can  be  disposed 
of  effectually  by  procuring  a  force  pump  with  a  cyclone  nozzle  and 
spraying  the  foliage  with  insecticides. 

Charles  Wright,  of  Seaford,  Del.,  saved  his  nursery  last  Spring 
by  the  application  of  strong  tobacco  water.     One  spraying  sufficed. 


—  20S  — 

Other  nurseries  in  Sussex  were  nearly  ruined,  and  from  the  great 
abundance  of  the  aphides  he  thinks  his  own  trees  would  have  been 
destroyed  but  for  very  prompt  action.  , 

Prof.  John  B.  Smith  also  informs  me  that  he  had  excellent  suc- 
cess at  Vineland,  N.  J.,  in  the  use  of  whale-oil  soap,— -one  pound  to 
eight  gallons  of  water.  One  spraying  took  off  most  of  the  aphides, 
and  another,  a  day  or  two  after,  finished  the  work  without  injury  to 
the  foliage. 

FIRE! 

On  the  night  of  Friday,  the  13th  of  September,  a  fire  broke 
out  in  the  roof  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute,  in  whose  building  the 
Brooklyn  Entomological  Society  holds  its  meetings,  and  where  were 
stored  its  library,  collections  and  publications. 

In  the  building  were  also  the  collections  of  Prof  Julius  E. 
Meyer,  and  the  library  and  collections  of  the  assistant  editor. 

Prof  Meyer's  collection,  an  exceedingly  valuable  one  of  Le- 
pidoptera,  was  slightly  damaged.  With  the  exception  of  a  few 
cases,  injured  by  water,  the  collection  proper  is  practically  entire. 
His  boxes  of  duplicates  were  almost  entirely  destroyed. 

The  main  part  of  the  collection  of  the  assistant  editor  was  con- 
tained in  a  large  cabinet,  the  four  doors  of  which  were  fortunately 
closed,  and  it  thus  escaped  injury.  An  immense  mass  of  unarranged 
and  unmounted  material,  mostly  in  cigar-boxes,  was  more  or  less 
injured.  The  water  and  the  dampness  of  the  week  succeeding  the 
fire,  damaged  a  large  part  of  his  library.  The  loss  was  estimated  at 
about  $1000.     No  insurance. 

The  entomological  collections  of  the  Institute,  all  of  which 
were  insured,  including  those  formerly  the  property  of  Dr.  Calverley 
and  B.  Jaeger,  and  of  Maj.  J.  Carson  Brevoort,  were  more  or  less 
damaged,  as  were  also  several  cases  belonging  to  the  Society. 

The  Society's  library,  and  its  large  stock  of  publications,  were 
uninjured,  with  the  exception  of  a  lot  of  current  publications  that 
were  in  use  in  another  room. 

It  was  found  necessary  to  remove  all  of  the  effects  from  the 
Institute  building,  and  they  were  soon  moved  a  second  time.  As  a 
consequence,  the  Society's  library  and  publications  were  necessarily 
disordered,  and  it  will  be  some  time,  it  is  feared,  before  they  can  be 
rearranged. 

Temporary  quarters  have  been  secured  in  the  Hoagland  Labo- 
ratory, at  the  corner  of  Pacific  and  Henry  Streets,  Brooklyn,  where 
the  Society  will  hold  its  meetings  until  further  notice.       F.  H.  C. 


•  — 2og — 

Preparatory  stages  of  Heterocampa  subrotata  Harvey. 

BY    HARRISON    G.    DYAR. 

The  eggs  were  not  observed,  but  I  believe  I  have  found  the 
lar\a  in  its  first  stage,  which  is  as  follows: 

First  Stage. — Head  depressed  at  the  vertex,  dark  wine-red. 
Width  .6  mm.  Body  cylindrical,  smooth  and  shining,  but  annulated 
anteriorly.  Feet  normal,  the  anal  pair  elevated  and  rather  long,  the 
claspers  apparently  aborted,  or  perhaps  withdrawn  in  the  ends  of 
the  legs  as  in  the  mature  larva.  Cervical  shield  large,  bearing  a  pair 
of  horns  like  anders,  three  branched,  the  branches  curved  and  di- 
verging, with  a  shorter  spur  near  the  base  of  the  horn,  all  dark 
blackish  brown.  On  joints  5-10,  12  and  13,  from  elevated  shining 
bases  grow  a  pair  of  similar,  but  more  slender  horns,  not  branched, 
but  knobbed  a  little  beyond  the  middle  and  bent,  knobbed  again  at 
the  end  and  terminating  in  a  hair;  those  on  the  last  segments  are 
rather  shorter,  and  all,  with  the  anal  feet,  are  dark  blackish  brown. 
Body  dark  wine-red,  finely  streaked  at  the  sides  with  yellow  longi- 
tudinally, paler  ventrally.  On  joints  3  and  4  the  streaks  continue 
over  the  dorsum,  confluent  in  a  dorsal  band;  on  joints  8,*9  and  10 
is  a  narrow  yellow  line  between  the  bases  of  the  horns,  and  on  joint 
II  a  large  bright  yellow  dorsal  patch.     Length  about  7  mm. 

Second  Stage. — Head  subtriangular,  notched  on  top,  dark 
wine-red.  Mouth  and  triangular  plate  (clypeus)  paler  shaded; 
maxilL-e  black.  Width  i.i  mm.  From  the  cervical  shield  a  pair 
of  branching  horns  with  small  spur,  all  relatively  smaller  than  before, 
the  bfanches  hardly  more  than  large  spurs,  minutely  transversely 
creased,  dark  wine-red.  The  body  lacks  all  the  other  horns  and  the 
anal  feet  are  long.  Body  wine-red,  finely  streaked  with  yellow  on 
the  sides,  and  also  on  the  back  on  joints  3,  4  and  13.  An  inter- 
rupted yellow  dorsal  stripe,  widening  on  joints  10  and  11,  and  end- 
ing abrupdy  at  the  end  of  joint  11,  absent  on  joints  2,  5  and  7. 
Anal  plate  and  all  the  fe.et  dark.  As  the  stage  progresses  joints  2-4 
become  pale  green,  except  a  narrow  wine-red  dorsal  line.  The  sub- 
ventral  region  on  joints  5,  6,  8  and  9,  and  a  broader  area  on  joints 
11-13  is  pale  greenish. 

Third  Stage.— Head  parabolic  in  outline,  flat  in  front,  and 
notched  a  little  at  the  vertex;  wine-red,  closely  covered  with  little, 
round,  pale,  yellowish  spots,  partly  confluent  posteriorly.  In  front 
a  broad,  pale,  yellow,  vertical  band,  widening  inferiorly  to  the  width 
of  the  base  of  the  triangular  plate,  its  sides  once  indented  by  the 
red  ground  color  above  the  middle  and  the  sutures  also  red.    Labrum 


2IO — 


and  antennae  pale;  eyes  black.  Width  1.7  mm.  The  horns  on 
joint  2  are  three  spurred,  wine-red,  punctured;  markings  much  as 
in  the  last  stage.  A  yellow  dorsal  band  forms  a  triangular  patch 
on  joint  2,  narrows  almost  to  obsoleteness  on  joints  3  and  4,  widens 
again  on  joints  5-8  and  ends  triangularly.  It  begins  again  in  the 
middle  of  joint  9  and  widens  on  joints  10  and  11,  where  it  ends  ab- 
ruptly, excavated  so  as  to  appear  furcate.  It  is  very  narrowly  and 
faintly  continued  on  Joints  12  and  13,  and  is  bordered  on  both  sides 
by  a  broad  wine-red  band,  which  contains  fine  yellow  streaks,  and 
is  continued  twice  downward  to  the  feet,  on  joints  5  and  4  obliquely, 
and  on  joints  7  and  10  straight.  The  rest  of  the  body  is  pale  green- 
ish. Anal  feet  long,  wine-red.  Length  12  mm.  As  the  stage 
progresses,  the  markings  approach  those  of  the  next  stage. 

Fourth  Stage. — Head  shaped  as  before,  dark  red-brown,  the 
indented  band  in  front  pinkish;  triangular  plate  white;  antennae 
yellow;  a  darker  band  on  the  head  posteriorly,  otherwise  as  before. 
Width  2.1-2.6  mm.  The  body  is  nearly  cylindrical,  enlarged  dor- 
sally  (arched)  at  joints  "8  and  9,  and  tapering  thence  to  joint  13. 
Anal  feet  long,  not  used  in  walking;  two  three-spurred  cervical 
horns  red-brown,  punctured,  and  tipped  with  a  hair,  only  about 
1.5  mm.  long.  Body  leaf  green,  the  dorsal  band  yellow  between 
the  horns,  elsewhere  white,  distinct.  It  widens  posteriorly  to  joint 
7,  narrows  abruptly  to  a  point  on  joint  8,  begins  again  on  joint  9, 
widening  to  joint  11,  where  it  divides  into  two  parts,  which  meet  at 
the  anal  plate,  enclosing  an  elongated  oval  patch  of  the  ground 
color.  Anal  feet  white  above,  brown  below;  three  lateral  brown 
spots  mottled  with  yellow,  the  first  oblique  on  joints  4  and  ^,  nar- 
row; second  on  joint  7  and  partly  on  joint  8,  large,  extending  from 
the  dorsal  band  to  the  foot  of  joint  7,  darker  subventrally;  the  third 
smaller,  on  joint  10  a  little  oblique  and  not  reaching  either  the  foot 
or  dorsal  band;  some  minute  black  spots  over  the  lateral  region. 
Spiracles  on  joint  2  reddish.  Thoracic  feet  brown,  abdominal  with 
a  fine  brown  band.     Length  22  mm. 

Fifth  Stage. — Head  shagreened,  purplish  brown,  the  apices 
of  the  lobes  black.  In  front  is  a  broad,  pink,  vertical  stripe  a  little 
irregular  in  outline,  very  narrowly  divided  by  the  darker  central  suture 
and  becoming  white  behind  the  vertex.  Triangular  plate  white,  labrum 
pinkish;  maxillae  black,  antennae  brown,  their  conical  base  yellow, 
ocelli  black.  Width  of  head  3.3-3.8  mm.  Cervical  horns  absent, 
their  places  represented  by  a  pair  of  minute  tubercljes  bearing  each  a 
single  hair.  The  body  is  smaller  at  joints  5  and  6,  enlarged  dorsally 
at  joints  8  and  9,  and  slopes  again  to  joint  13.     Anal  feet  rather 


long-,  held  out  straight,  their  tips  slightly  retractile,  but  armed  with 
hooks.  A  white  dorsal  stripe  finely  margined  with  dark  brown  and 
containing  in  its  widest  places  a  fine  double  line,  is  yellowish  ante- 
riorly on  joint  2,  widens  on  joints  4-6,  and  ends  on  joint  8.  It 
begins  again  on  joint  9,  yellowish;  widens,  forks  on  joint  11,  the 
parts  converging  on  joint  13,  and  passing  on  to  the  anal  feet,  but  not 
meeting.  Body  leaf  green,  with  many  small  black  dots  and  three 
purple-brown  lateral  patches  mottled  (especially  the  upper  part  of 
the  last  two)  with  crimson  or  pale  crimson,  which  later  becomes 
pale  pink  or  cream  color.  The  first  on  joints  4  and  5  upwardly  ob- 
lique, covering  the  spiracle  on  joint  5;  the  second  large,  on  joints 
7  and  8,  covering  the  foot  on  joint  7,  not  reaching  below  the  spiracle 
on  joint  8,  but  attaining  the  dorsal  band;  the  third,  on  joint  10, 
covering  the  spiracle,  downwardly  oblique  posteriorly  and  passing 
on  to  the  foot.  Anal  feet  purplish,  thoracic  brown  ringed  with  black, 
abdominal  tipped  with  brown.  Spiracles  yellowish  centrally,  broadly 
brawn  outwardly.  As  the  stage  advances  a  diffuse,  white,  subdorsal 
band  appears  on  joints  8-10,  tapering  at  each  end  and  forming  a 
continuation  of  the  widest  places  of  the  dorsal  band,  but  narrowly 
separated  from  it,  or  only  partly  confluent,  but  there  is  considerable 
variation  in  this  character  in  different  examples;  also  a  narrow  white 
dorsal  line  encroaches  on  the  anterior  part  of  the  green  patch  formed 
by  the  furcation  of  the  dorsal  band  on  joints  11  and  12,  while  the 
anal  plate,  between  the  branches,  is  brown.  The  fine  lines  in  the 
white  dorsal  band  become  pulverulent,  thus  approaching  in  appear- 
ance the  numerous  black  dots  of  the  lateral  region.  In  the  upper 
part  of  the  third  lateral  patch  a  round,  cream-colored  spot  appears, 
formed  by  the  confluence  of  the  niottlings.     Length  30  mm. 

Cocoon. — Formed  under  rubbish,  or  just  under  the  surface  of 
the  ground  of  silk  and  grains  of  dirt.    It  is  thin  and  of  no  strength. 

Pupa.— Cylindrical  and  slightly  tapering.  The  cremaster  con- 
sists of  two  thick  spines  from  an  elevated  base,  curving  sharply 
outward  and  beset  with  several  thorn-like  branches.  Body  punc- 
tured, cases  smooth.  Color  dark  red-brown,  polished.  Length 
about  20  mm.;  width  6  mm. 

Duration  of  this  stage:  first  brood,  14  days;  second  brood, 
over  Winter. 

Food-Plants. — Witch  Hazd  (Namaine/is),  Hickory  (Carj'o), 
Maple  (Acer),  Birch  {Betidd),  Dogwood  (Cornus),  and  probably 
others.  The  Witch  Hazel  seems  to  be  the  most  usual  food-plant, 
and  the  larva  is  very  inconspicuous  upon  this  plant  when  seen  from 
above  in  spite  of  its  bright  markings,  as  it  resembles  the  curled  and 


—  212  — 

discolored  patches  of  the  leaves,  the  green  lateral  part'of  the  body 
joining  nicely  to  the  edge  of  the  leaf,  where  the  larva  rests.  From 
below,  however,  it  is  readily  seen,  as  it  does  not  harmonize  with  the 
pale  under  sides  of  the  leaves,  but  as  it  is  not  likely  to  be  looked  at 
from  below,  especially  by  birds,  it  would  readily  escape  observation. 

The  structure  of  the  anal  feet  is  interesting,  as  illustrating  the 
first  stage  in  the  development  o{  stemapoda.  They  are  rather  long, 
and,  though  furnished  with  hooks,  the  ends  can  be  withdrawn,  just 
concealing  the  hooks  as  is  constantly  done  by  the  larva  without  ap- 
parent cause.  A  series  might  be  made  beginning  with  this  species 
through  Heterocarnpa  2inicolor  ■awA  H.  marthesia  to  Ceriiray^ 

Larvae  from  Dutchess  County,  N.  Y. 


A  NEW  MORRISONIA. 

BY    JOHN    B.    SMITH. 

Morrlsonia  rileyana  sp.  nov. — Head,  thorax  and  primaries,  in  ground  color, 
grayish  white,  with  a  ferruginous  tinge.  Palpi  with  a  strong  admixture  of 
brown  scales  in  their  clothing.  A  rusty  red-brown,  line  crosses  the  front 
below  the  antennae.  Collar  tipped  with  powdery  black.  Patagise  black, 
powdery.  Thoracic  tufts  tipped  with  rusty.  Primaries  with  a  broad,  black, 
longitudinal  shade,  running  beneath  the  median  vein  to  t.  p.  line,  then  broad- 
ening to  outer  margin,  which  it  reaches  below  the  apex.  Along  the  inner 
margin  an  irregular,  narrow,  whitish  border  only,  is  left.  A  ferruginous  spot 
is  in  this  black  shade  in  the  terminal  space.  Above  this  black  shade  the  cell 
is  filled  with  a  rusty  wash,  in  which  the  reniform  is  very  faintly  outlined  by  a 
narrow  ring  of  the  ground  color.  T.  a.  line  geminate,  vague,  diffuse;  trace- 
able in  costal  region  only.  T.  p.  line  geminate  at  inception,  very  oblique 
outwardly  through  costal  region,  becoming  punctiform  below  and  traceable 
through  the  black  shade  by  pale  venular  dots.  Secondaries  white  basally, 
with  a  broad  powdery  black  margin  outwardly;  a  vague  discal  lunule,  an 
outer  line  of  venular  dots  and  a  black,  interrupted  terminal  line.  Beneath 
white,  with  ferruginous,  and  a  sparse  black  powdering;  a  common  puncti- 
form outer  line,  and  a  black  discal  spot,  most  distinct  on  secondaries.  Ex- 
pands 31  mm.;  1.25  inches. 

Hab. — Florida. 

I  have  seen  two  specimens  of  this  species,  one  in  Dr.  Riley's 
collection  (coll.  U.  S.  Nat.  Museum),  the  locality  of  which  I  do  not 
remember,  and  one  from  Mrs.  Slosson,  taken  in  Florida.  The  in- 
sect is  a  strongly  marked  one,  of  the  same  general  type  of  macula- 
tion  as  in  the  remaining  species,  but  yet  evidently  distinct.  The 
male  characters  have  not  been  examined. 

*  See  Packard,  Proc.  Boston  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.  vol.  xxiv,  p.  549. 


—  213  — 

SYNOPSES  OF  CERAMBYCIDiE. 

BY  CHARLES  W.    LENG,   B.   S. 
(Continued  from  p.  200,  vol.  vi.) 

EURYPTERA  Serville. 
E.  lateralis  Oliv.,  1795,  Ent.  iv,  73,  p.  22,  t.  3,  fig.  37;  Lee,  1850,  J.  A.  P.  ser. 
2,  i,  P-  335;  cincta  Hald.,  1847,  Trans.  Am.  Phil,  x,  p.  63;  obso- 
leta  Hald.,  1.  c. ;   distans  Germ.,  Ins.  Spec.  nov.  1824,  p.  524; 
Lee,  1.  c. ;  marginicollis  Dej.,  Cat.  3  ed.  p.  381. 
Length  9 — 10  mm.;  .36 — .40  inch.     Hab. — Pa.,  Ky.,  La.,  Fla.,  Mass. 

This  insect  is  similar  to  the  Lephira;  in  general  appearance,  and 
is  entirely  black,  except  the  mouth  parts,  sides  of  thorax  above  and 
beneath,  humeri  and  half  the  epipleurae  red.  Thorax  narrowed  in 
front,  posterior  angles  acute  and  distinct.    Elytra  densely  punctulate. 

o 

Before  entering  upon  the  last  great  division  of  the  family,  it  is 
proper  to  mention  certain  species  which  have  been  discovered  since 
the  tribes  they  enter  were  treated.,   These  are: 
Hypexllis  pallida  Horn,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  xii,  177. 

Length  .22  inch.;  5.5  mm.     Hab. — Texas. 

"  Slender,  pale  testaceous.  Head  across  the  eyes  wider  than  the  thorax, 
surface  coarsely  punctured.  Thorax  elongate,  one-third  longer  than  wide, 
sides  at  apical  third  parallel,  then  gradually  wider  to  two-thirds,  arcuately 
narrowing  to  base,  which  is  slightly  wider  than  the  apex,  disc  slightly  flattened 
posteriorly,  surface  rather  coarsely  punctured  and  rugulose.  Elytra  wider 
than  the  thorax,  humeri  distinct;  sides  straight,  slightly  converging;  apices 
separately  rounded,  suture  at  tip  slightly  dehiscent,  disc  rather  flat,  a  vague 
elevation  from  the  humeri  to  near  the  tip;  surface  evenly  and  closely  punctate, 
more  finely  than  the  thorax.  Thorax  beneath  coarsely,  but  sparsely  punc- 
tate; abdomen  shining,  very  sparsely  punctate." 

Gracilia  obliquata  Horn,  1.  c.  p.  174. 

Length  .20  inch.;  5  mm.     //r7(^.— Texas. 

"Form  slender,  pale  brownish  testaceous,  subopaque.  Head  behind 
the  eyes  moderately  coarsely  punctate.  Thorax  oval,  a  little  longer  than 
wide,  slightly  narrower  at  base  than  apex,  sides  moderately  arcuate,  disc 
feebly  convex,  a  vague  median  sulcus  and  one  on  each  side,  oblique,  slightly 
in  front  of  middle  ;  surface  moderately  coarsely  punctate.  Elytra  slightly 
wider  than  the  thorax;  sides  parallel,  apices  separately  rounded,  disc  subde- 
pressed,  a  vague  oblique  depression  on  each  side  from  the  humeri  to  the 
suture;  surface  finely  pubescent,  rather  sparsely  punctate,  the  intervals  very 
finely  granular,  apices  nearly  smooth.  Thorax  beneath  coarsely  not  closely 
punctate;  abdomen  moderately  shining,  very  sparsely  punctate.  Femora 
very  strongly  clavate." 
Necydalis  barbarae  Rivers,  Ent.  Am.  vi,  p.  112. 

Length  22  mm.;  .87  inch.     >%*.— California. 

The  description  of  this  species  having  been  recently  printed  in 
this  journal,  need  not  be  here  repeated. 


—  214— 

Elaphidion  cinereum  Oliv.,  Ent.  iv,  70,  p.  69,  pi.  8,  fig.  102;  Chev.,  Ann.  Fr. 
1862,  p.  261  \  fuse atus  Dej.,  Cat.  3  ed.  p.  352. 
Length  .28 — .44  inch.;  7 — 11  mm.     Hab. — Cuba,  So.  Fla.,  Key  West. 

This  species  was  collected  at  Key  West  by  the  late  Mr.  Morrison; 
"Pale  brown,  clothed  with  dense  gray  pubescence;  elytra  marked  with 
a  brown  longitudinal  line"  (Oliv).  The  antennal  joints  3-7  are  unispinose 
at  tip,  the  thighs  and  elytral  tips  are  unarmed.  The  femora  are  slightly  more 
clavate  than  is  usual  in  Elaphidion.  In  addition  to  the  brown  elytral  line 
described  by  Olivier,  there  is  usually  a  second  line  and  an  obscure  cloud  be- 
hind the  middle  of  the  elytra  and  several  brown  lines  upon  the  thorax. 

Elaphidion  lanatam  Chev.,  Ann.  Fr.  1862,  p.  260. 

Length  4 — 5.5  mm.;  .16 — .22  inch.     Hab. — Cuba,  So.  Fla. 

"Elongate,  convex,  clothed  densely  with  grayish  white  hair;  antennas 
with  joints  3 — 10  bispinose,  the  spines  decreasing  in  length.  Thorax  rounded, 
marked  with  a  smooth  medial  line  and  two  small  black  anterior  tubercles; 
elytra  moderately  convex,  declivous  behind,  quadrispinose;  body  beneath 
and  legs  minutely  and  obsoletely  irrorate  with  fuscous;  9-" 

Has  occurred  with  the  preceding  at  Key  West.  Both  species 
have  been  identified  by  Dr.  Horn. 

Phymatodes  juglandis  n.  sp. 

Resembles  P.  decussatiis  Lee.  differing  by  the  coarsely  punctate 
elytra  and  the  very  oblique  and  angulate  anterior  elytral  fascia. 

Dark  brown;  antennae,  underside  and  anterior  portion  of  elytra  lighter, 
the  latter  bearing  two  fasciae,  the  anterior  acutely  angulate,  the  posterior 
broader,  oblique  and  arcuate;  the  entire  insect  clothed  with  long  fine  hair, 
distantly  placed,  except  on  the  elytral  fasciae.  Head  and  thorax  coarsely 
punctate,  elytral  punctures  very  strong.  Thorax  rounded  and  somewhat 
protuberant  at  sides,  moderately  convex  on  the  disc;  elytra  parallel  to  one- 
third,  thence  slightly  arcuately  expanded  to  near  the  apex,  which  is  broadly 
rounded,  flattened  on  the  disc.  Antennae  c?  about  two-thirds  as  long,  9 
about  half  as  long  as  the  body. 

Length  4.5 — 6.5  mm.;  .18 — .26  inch.     Hab. — Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

Several  specimens  sent  by  Mr.  D.  W.  Coquillet  to  Dr.  Horn, 
and  by  him  kindly  given  to  me.  It  is  believed  to  live  on  the  Cali- 
fornia Butternut  ( Juglans  calif ornicd). 


CORRESPONDENCE. 


In  Mr.  Leng's  very  valuable  synopsis  of  Leptura  which  ap- 
peared in  the  October  number  of  Entomologica  Americana,  the 
rarity  of  L.  plebefa  Rand,  is  noticed.  I  have  seen  several  examples 
from  various  parts  of  Canada,  and  have  one  in  my  collection,  all  of 
which  were  females.     There  is  no  good  description  of  the  species. 


—  2IS  — 


and  Dr.  LeConte's  two  lines  in  the  synopsis  referred  to,  reproduced 
by  Mr.  Leng,  are  all  that  can  be  depended  on  for  its  differentiation. 
The  female  has  the  last  ventral  segment  convex,  elongated,  not 
greatly  narrowed  to  apex,  depressed  posteriorly  in  the  middle,  and 
deeply,  broadly,  nearly  rectangularly  emarginate  ;  the  sides  not 
being  depressed  project  backwards  like  blunt  horns,  their  apices 
with  stiff  hairs. 

In  regard  to  L.  hcematites  and  exigua,  Mr.  Leng  has  overlooked 
(it  is  to  be  regretted)  Dr.  Horn's  latest  determination  from  an  ex- 
amination of  the  types  in  the  British  Museum,  according  to  which 
the  species  should  be  thus  tabulated. 

L.  exigua  Newm.,  saucia  Lee. 

L.  nana  Newm.,  prothorax  and  elytra  concolorous. 
var.  hcematites  Newm.,  prothorax  dull  red. 

See  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.  xv,  301 ;  Can.  Ent.  xxi,  32,  108. 

In  this  connection  it  may  not  be  amiss  to  state  that  there  are 
tw^o  races  of  L.  vibex  Newm. — one  with  the  thorax  entirely  black, 
and  one  with  it  entirely  yellow  rufous — found  separately  in  different 
locaUties.  John  Hamilton. 


Dr.  Hamilton  is  quite  right,  and  I  am  sorry,  because  it  is  an 
important  error.  The  subjoined  note-  may  be  added  as  a  postscript 
to  what  he  says,  and  will  save  the  reader  hunting  up  references. 

"L.  exigua  Newn.— Antennae  piceous,  the  basal  joint  yellow;  anterior 
femora  entirely,,  the  middle  and  posterior  yellow  at  base.  Terminal  ventral 
segment  of  female  with  a  slight  tuberosity  near  the  apical  margin.  This  spe- 
cies may  have  the  thora.x  entirely  piceous,  usually  it  has  the  entire  margin 
yellow.  The  'disc  is  also  more  densely  punctured'  than  in  nana,  while  the 
form  of  the  thorax  is  shorter  and  broader.  L.  saucia  Lee.  is  synonymous." 
"  L.  nana  Newn.— Antenna;  always  piceous.  Anterior  femora  and  base 
of  middle  yellowish.     Terminal  ventral  segment  of  female  simple." 

' '  This  species  varies  in  color.  The  upper  surface  is  often  entirely 
piceous.  By  far  the  larger  number  I  have  seen  have  a  reddish  tho- 
rax, constituting  the  variety  hcematites  Newn.  One  specimen  before 
me  is  piceous,  with  the  head  reddish  yellow"  (Horn,  Trans.  Am. 
Ent.  Soc.  XV,  p.  301). 

L.  aspera  Lee— Mr.  O.  S.  Westcott,  of  Chicago,  has  called 
our  attention  to  a  discrepancy  in  the  synoptic  table,  in  reference  to 
this  species,  to  correct  which  the  words  "except  aspera'  should  be 
added  to  Section  E  on  p.  186.  It  has  been  taken  abundantly  in 
British  Columbia,  and  bears  out  the  description  made  from  a  few- 
specimens,  being  verv  black,  and  the  elytra  rough  at  base. 

C.  W.  Leng. 


—  2l6  — 

PREPARATORY  STAGES  OF  SAMIA  CYNTHIA  Dr. 

BY    WILLIAM    BEUTENMULLER. 

Egg. — Oval,  creamy -white,  covered  with  an  olivaceous  green 
substance,  used  to  adhere  the  egg  to  the  leaf.  Length  1.6  mm. 
Duration  of  this  stage  fourteen  days.  Laid  in  small  masses  of  about 
twelve  on  the  underside  of  leaf  Total  number  of  eggs  laid  about 
250. 

Young  Larva. — Head  jet-black,  shiny,  smooth,  mouth  parts 
yellowish  brown,  mandibles  pitchy  brown;  cervical  shield  black. 
Body  yellow,  with  a  series  of  two  rows  of  black  tubercles  along  the 
dorsal  region,  and  one  row  along  the  subdorsal  and  another  row 
along  the  sides  below  the  spiracles  also  black  All  the  tubercles 
have  at  the  apex  three  or  four  small  spines,  each  bearing  a  rather 
long,  sordid  white  hair.  Along  the  spaces  between  each  row  of 
tubercles,  is  a  row  of  black  spots.  Body  beneath  yellow,  thoracic 
feet  shiny,  black;  abdominal  legs  concolorous  with  the  body,  but 
with  a  black  corneous  patch  on  the  outerside  of  each.  Over  the 
head  are  also  scattered  a  few  sordid  white  hairs.  Length  2.50  mm. 
Length  two  days  old,  3  mm. ;  three  days  old,  5  mm. ;  four  days 
old,  7  mm. ;  five  days  old,  7  mm. ;  getting  ready  to  moult. 

After  First  Moult. — No  perceptible  change  from  the  pre- 
vious stage,  except  that  the  cervical  shield  is  now  concolorous  with 
the  body.  Length  8  mm.  (six  days  old)  ;  seven  days  old,  9  mm. ; 
eight  days  old,  10  mm. ;  getting  ready  to  moult. 

After  Second  Moult. — All  the  tubercles  in  this  moult  are 
now  yellow,  except  the  lateral  row  remaining  black.  Head  yellow, 
with  a  black  spot  on -each  side  of  the  anterior  part;  mandibles  pitchy 
black,  otherwise  the  same  as  the  preceding  moult.  Length  12  mm. 
(nine  days  old);  ten  days  old,  14  mm.;  eleven  days  old,  16  mm.; 
twelve  days  old,  ig  mm.;  thirteen  days  old,  21  mm.;  getting  ready 
to  moult. 

After  Third  Moult. — The  body  color  is  now  pale  whitish 
green,  as  are  also  the  tubercles,  except  those  along  the  side  black, 
with  their  extremities  whitish.  Head  and  cervical  shield  yellowish 
green.  Anal  plates  also  yellowish  green,  margined  with  blue;  under- 
side greenish;  also  all  the  feet.  The  body  and  tubercles  covered  with 
a  white  powder.  Length  23  mm.  (fourteen  days  old);  fifteen  days 
old,  25  mm. ;  sixteen  days  old,  27  mm. ;  seventeen  days  old,  30 
mm.;  eighteen  days  old,  32  mm.;  nineteen  days  old,  35  mm.; 
getting  ready  to  moult. 


217  — 

After  Fourth  Moult. — No  difiference,  except  that  the  body 
is  somewhat  deeper  in  color.  Length  38  mm.  (twenty  days  old); 
twenty-one  days  old,  40  mm. ;  twenty-two  days  old,  43  mm. ; 
twenty-three  days  old,  46  mm.;  twenty-four  days  old,  48  mm.; 
getting  ready  to  moult. 

After  Fifth,  the  Last  Moult. — Body  pale  green,  with  the 
extremities  of  all  the  tubercles  bright  blue  and  the  bases  yellowish 
green.  The  row  of  tubercles  along  the  sides  black.  Head  and 
cervical  shield  same  as  in  previous  moult,  also  the  anal  plates. 
Thoracic  feet  yellowish  green;  abdominal  legs  with  a  bright  blue 
patch  at  the  base  of  the  outerside  of  each.  Length  50  mm.  (twenty- 
five  days  old);  twenty-six  days  old,  52  mm.;  twenty-seven  days 
old,  54  mm. ;  twenty-eight  days  old,  56  mm. ;  twenty-nine  days 
old,  58  mm. ;  thirty  days  old,  60  mm. ;  thirty-one  days  old,  62  mm. ; 
full  grown. 

Food-Plants.— Ailanthus  (Hop-tree),  Tulip-tree,  Barberry, 
Linden,  Maple,  Wild  Cherry,  Plum,  Spireae,  Sweet  Gum,  Dog- 
wood, Sassafras,  Spicebush,  Nannyberry,  Holly  and  Caster-oil  plant; 
also  said  to  feed  on  Sumac,  Pimpernel,  Honey-suckle,  Spindletree, 
Bitter-sweet,  Laburnum,  Willow  and  Celery. 


Note  on  the  genus  Protenor  StaL 

By  E.  Bergroth,  Forssa,  Finland. 

In  his  "  Check  List"  Mr.  Uhler  has  quoted  the  genus  Tetrar- 
rhinus  Prov.  as  a  synonym  of  Protenor  Stal.  In  his  faunistic  work 
on  the  Hemiptera  of  Canada,  p.  335,  Mr.  Provancher  protests 
against  this  synonymy  in  saying:  "  M.  Ashmead  a  confondu  ce  genre 
avec  le  Protenor  de  Stal,  mais  ce  dernier  dit  du  Protenor:  articulo 
primo  antennarum  capitis  apicem  hand  attingente." 

This  is  a  falsification  of  Stal' s  description.  Stal  says  (Ofv.  Vet. 
Akad.  forh.  xxiv,  1867,  p.  543):  "  antennis  -  -  articulo  primo  capite 
paullo  breviore."  There  is,  of  course,  quite  another  meaning  in 
these  words  than  in  the  ones  substituted  by  the  learned  abbot,  and 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  Mr.  Uhler  was  right  in  uniting  Tetrar- 
rhinus  quebecensis  Prov.  with  Protenor  Belfragei  Hagl. 


-o- 


"  Among  the  Moths  and  Butterflies,"  is  the  title  of  a  new  book 
for  young  folks,  by  JuHa  P.  Ballard,  author  of  "  Insect  Lives."  To 
quote  a  newspaper  book  review:  "it  is  so  fascinating  that  every 
child  who  reads  it  will  at  once  begin  to  make  a  collection  of  cater- 
pillars and  cocoons."  F-  H.  C. 


— 2l8— 

spider  s  Web  Cloth. — A  new  industry  has  sprung  up  by  which 
spiders  are  added  to  the  Hst  of  insects  of  importance  in  arts  and 
industries,  as  witness  the  following  excerpts  from  the  Washington 
Post:  An  Englishman,  named  Stillbers,  it  is  said,  has  actually  made 
a  cloth  of  spiders'  web  which  has  been  employed  for  purposes  of 
surgery,  and  has  gone  quite  extensively  into  its  manufacture. 

The  spiders  are  obtained  from  tropical  countries,  mostly  from 
Africa  and  South  America,  and  are  very  large.  A  peculiar  feature 
of  the  business  is  that  the  spiders  spin  the  best  web  when  they  are 
intoxicated.  To  accomplish  this  a  liquid  composed  of  chloroform, 
ether  and  fusil  oil  is  allowed  slowly  to  evaporate  in  the  room  where 
the  spiders  are  housed,  and  they  are  thus  kept  constantly  in  a  mild 
state  of  intoxication.  The  little  creatures  are  placed  in  octagonal 
cases,  and  are  fed  on  insects  of  various  kinds.  In  one  room  there 
are  some  5000  of  these  cases.  The  spiders  lay  their  eggs,  and  about 
the  latter  spin  cocoons.  These  cocoons  are  gathered,  and  are  pre- 
pared for  weaving  by  some  such  processes  as  are  undergone  by  the 
cocoon  of  the  silk-worm.  The  weaving  itself  is  a  closely  guarded 
secret.  Each  cocoon  is  said  to  yield  twenty-five  to  one  hundred 
yards  of  thread.  The  texture  of  the  woven  material  resembles, 
somewhat,  ordinary  silk,  and  after  it  is  bleached  it  becomes  brilliant 
and  smooth.  •  F.  H.  C. 


Eristalis  tenax  has   been   unusually  common   in   this  vicinity 

during  the  year.     It  has  been  aptly  termed  the  "drone-fly,"  not 

alone  by  virtue  of  its  resemblance  to  the  male  honey  bee,  but  on 

account  of  its  habits.     A  large  portion  of  its  time  appears  to  be 

spent  simply  in  idling,  flitting  about  from  one  flower  to  another  with 

no  apparent  purpose  in  view. 

F.  H.  C. 


Zeuzera  cesculi  {pyrina)  mentioned  in  a  previous  number  (p. 
31)  as  occurring  at  Newark  and  Arlington,  N.  J.,  has  been  taken  in 
Central  Park.  N.  Y.  City,  by  Mr.  Beutenmiiller,  and  during  the 
Summer  I  found  it  also  at  Orange,  N.  J.,  at  electric  lights.  Al- 
though the  insect  has  been  known  for  a  number  of  years  in  this 
country,  its  spread  has  been  inconsiderable.  The  addition  of  Cen- 
tral Park  and  Orange  increase  the  radius  of  its  occurrence  to  only 
about  fifteen  miles. 

F.  H.  C. 


—  219 — 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PREPARATORY  STAGES 
OF   DATANA  ANGUSII  G.  and  R. 

BY  WM.    BEUTENMULLER. 

Egg. — Ovoid,  white,  with  the  base  slightly  flattened;  laid  in 
small  masses  of  about  thirty,  on  the  underside  of  leaf. 

Young  Larva. — Head  and  cervical  shield  jet-black,  shining. 
Bodv  greenish  brown,  with  the  second  and  third  segments  claret- 
red  above  and  below.  This  color  is  also  present  on  the  dorsal 
region  of  the  sixth,  seventh,  eighth  and  eleventh  segments.  The 
four  stripes  along  each  side  of  the  body  are  pale  lemon-yellow,  ex- 
cept where  they  are  obscured  by  the  claret-red  color.  The  stripes 
on  the  underside  of  the  body  are  also  pale  lemon-yellow.  All  the 
stripes  are  equidistant,  and  as  broad  as  the  intervening  spaces. 
Thoracic  feet  jet-black;  abdominal  legs  same  color  as  the  body; 
anal  clasps  jet-black,  shining.  Length  3  mm.  Duration  of  this 
stage  about  six  or  seven  days. 

After  First  Moult. — The  ground  color  in  this  stage  is  now 
somewhat  darker,  as  is  also  the  claret-red  color  of  the  segments  as 
described  in  the  young  larva.  Length  6  mm.  Duration  of  this 
stage  six  days. 

After  Second  Moult. — The  body  in  this  stage  is  of  a  pur- 
plish brownish  color,  with  the  stripes  somewhat  narrower  than  the 
intervening  spaces.  The  claret-red  color  is  now  quite  faint  and  suf- 
fused with  the  ground  color.  Body  beneath  same  as  above,  with 
the  abdominal  legs  concolorous  with  a  black  corneous  patch  on  the 
outerside  of  each.  Length  9  mm.  Duration  of  this  stage  eight 
days. 

After  Third  Moult. — The  stripes  are  now  considerably  nar- 
rower than  the  intervening  spaces,  and  the  body  somewhat  deeper 
in  color,  the  cervical  shield  blackish,  and  abdominal  legs  pinkish. 
Length  16  mm.      Duration  of  this  stage  nine  days.- 

After  Fourth,  the  Last  Moult. — Head  and  cervical  shield 
jet-black,  shining.  Body  black,  with  the  four  now  pale  yellow- 
stripes  along  each  side  very  narrow,  all  being  much  narrower  than 
the  intervening  space.  The  three  stripes  on  the  underside  are  also 
now  pale  yellow;  the  one  along  the  middle  is  the  broadest.,  and  the 
one  on  each  side  being  broken  by  the  legs;  the  intervening  spaces 
much  wider  than  those  above.  Thoracic  feet  jet-black;  abdominal 
legs  reddish,  with  the  extremities  black.  On  the  fourth,  fifth,  tenth 
and  eleventh  segments  are  two  reddish  patches.  Body  with  sparsely 
distributed,  sordid  white  hairs,  which  are  also  present  in  all  the  pre- 


—  220- 


ceding  stages.     Length  30  mm.     Full  grown  larva  55  mm.      Dura- 
tion of  this  stage  not  observed. 

Food-Plants. — Various  species  of  Hickories,  Walnut,  Butter- 
nut and  Beech. 


A   NEW   COPIPANOLIS. 

BY  JOHN  B.  SMITH. 

Gopipanolis  stigma  sp.  nov. — Head,  thorax  and  primaries  deep  brick-red; 
palpi  paler.  Primaries  with  a  slight  admixture  of  yellowish  scales,  most  evi- 
dent along  costal  region.  Median  lines  vaguely  marked,  scarcely  defined; 
ordinary  spots  yellowish  white;  orbicular  small,  round;  reniform  moderate 
in  size,  rather  irregular.  Secondaries  whitish  at  base,  with  reddish  powder- 
ings,  becoming  more  dense  outwardly.  Beneath  somewhat  paler  than  above, 
more  obviously  yellow  powdered.     Expands  1.15  inches  ;  29  mm. 

Hub. — Florida. 

A  single  male  specimen  from  Mrs.  Slosson's  collection.  The 
species  is  like  aibilis  in  ground  color,  but  lacks  the  distinct  median 
lines,  and,  on  the  contrary,  has  the  ordinary  spots  distinct,  con- 
trasting, yellowish  white.  In  structure  and  habitus  it  otherwise 
resembles  the  typical  species  closely. 


SOCIETY  NEWS 


Brooklyn  Entomological  Society. — September  2d.  The  meeting 
was  occupied  by  an  exchange  of  collecting  and  other  entomological  expe- 
riences. Mr.  Dietz  gave  an  account  of  the  field  meeting  at  Jamesburg,  and 
Mr.  Chittenden  exhibited  a  series  of  rare  species  of  Coleoptera,  principally 
Carabidae,  taken  at  an  electric  light  at  Orange,  N.  J.,  in  June. 

October  7th. — Meeting  at  the  Hoagland  Laboratory.  The  time  was 
largely  taken  up  by  business  matters,  much  of  it  due  to  the  fire,  which  de- 
stroyed part  of  the  Brooklyn  Institute  building,  and  necessitated  a  removal 
of  the  property  and  effects  of  the  Society.  Fortunately,  the  Society's  loss 
was  slight. 

Prof  .Smith  called  attention  to  a  series  of  studies  on  the  mouth  parts  of 
Diptera,  made  by  himself,  and  presented  in  outline  a  new  nomenclature  of 
parts,  homologizing  the  lapping  with  the  mandibulate  mouth,  and  he  told 
how  the  latter  had  become  transformed  into  the  former,  all  the  steps  being 
still  traceable.  A.  C.  Weeks, 

Recording  Secretary. 
NOTICE. 
Publications  received  as  exchanges,  or  as  donations  to  the  So- 
ciety's library,  should  be  addressed  in  future  to  the 

Brooklyn  Entomological  Society, 
Hoagland  Laboratory, 

Brooklyn,   N.   Y. 


AmeriqAna 


VOL.  VI.        BROOKLYN,  DECEMBER,  1890. 


No.  12. 


REVIE\A^  OF  THE  NORTH  AMERICAN  SPECIES 
OF  BYTHOSCOPUS. 

BY    E.    P.    VAN    UUZEE. 

Genus  BYTHOSCOPUS  Germar.* 

Head  with  the  eyes  as  wide  as  the  i)ronotum.  Vertex  sliort,  of  nearly 
equal  length  across  its  whole  width,  much  deflexed  and  confounded  with  the 
front  in  a  conmion  convexity.  Ocelli  placed  on  the  front  of  the  face  opposite 
the  middle  of  the  eyes,  to  which  they  are  a  little  more  approximated  than  to 
the  hind  margin  of  the  vertex.  Antenuce  rather  short,  inserted  under  a 
prominent  oblique  ledge.  Front  in  the  $  rather  convex,  apex  broad,  form- 
ing a  rounded  lobe  each  side  of  the  base  of  the  clypeus.  Clypeus  broad, 
ovate,  suddenly  contracted  at  the  base,  narrowed  to  the  apex,  where  the  sides 
are  somewhat  compressed  around  the  base  of  the  rostrum.  Lorae  long  and 
narrow,  a  little  tumid.  Cheeks  narrow,  forming  a  slender  margin  beyond  the 
lorce,  but  not  attaining  the  apex  of  the  clypeus.  An  oval,  minutely  punc- 
tured area  occupies  each  side  of  the  front  basally.  In  the  r?  the  lorai  and 
base  of  the  clypeus  are  confused  with  the  greatly  swollen  apex  of  the  front, 
obliterating  the  sutures  and  imparting  a  square  appearance  to  the  face.  Pro- 
notum  moderately  convex,  anterior  margin  rounded,  posterior  concave; 
lateral  angles  not  prominent;  latero-posterior  angles  rounded;  surface  cov- 
ered with  transverse  ridge  or  rugose  punctures  arranged  somewhat  obliquely 
behind  the  eyes.  Scutellum  large,  with  a  transverse  impressed  line  before 
the  apex  and  a  nearly  smooth  area  within  the  basal  angles.  Elytra  surpassing 
the  abdomen  a  little,  the  suture  straight;  costa  feebly  convex;  membrane 
without  an  appendix;  texture  submembraneous,  nervures  commonly  distinct; 
ordinarily  there  are  one  basal,,  two  discal,  three  anti-apical  and  five  apical 
areoles.  Wings  membraneous,  nervures  distinct,  supernumerary  cell  wanting 
(see  Ent.  Amer.  v,  p.  i66). 


*  For  generic  synopsis  see  Ent.  Amer.  v,  p,  i66,  September,  1889. 
Entomologica  Americana.        Vol.  \'I.        12  December,  1S90. 


Genital  characters:  J/a/d'.— Ultimate  ventral  segment  similar  in  form  to 
the  penultimate.  Pygofers  together  broad  oval,  their  suture  nearly  straight; 
the  anal  opening  rather  small,  ovate.  Styles  slender,  flaccid,  about  half  the 
length  of  the  pygofers.  Plates  a  little  longer  than  the  styles,  narrow,  ligulate, 
slightly  contracted  toward  their  base  and  curved  to  correspond  to  the  form 
of  the  pygofers,  sparingly  ciliated  with  soft  hairs. 

Female. — Ultimate  ventral  segment  various  in  form,  affording  good  spe- 
cific characters.  Pygofers  rather  slender,  about  as  long  as  the  venter,  without 
bristles  in  our  species. 

The  sprcies  of  this  genus  exhibit  but  slight  structural  differences, 
but  are  subject  to  great  variation  in  color,  this  rendering  them  a 
difficult  group  to  study.  They  are  well  represented  in  my  own  col- 
lection, and  I  have  examined  considerable  material  received  from 
correspondents,  and  believe  our  species  are  here  pretty  accurately 
defined  so  far  as  they  are  known  to  me.  Three  of  \h^?>(t—fene stratus , 
minor  and  pruni,  are  very  closely  related,  and  will  probably  prove 
to  be  but  forms  of  a  single  variable  species.  The  males  of  most  of 
the  species  differ  but  little,  and  are  difficult  to  separate  without  the 
corresponding  females.  The  male  of  sobrhis  is  unknown  to  me; 
the  sexes  of  variabilis,  fenestratiis  and  nigriiiasi,  I  ha\e  taken  in 
coitu;  of  distinctus  there  can  be  no  question,  and  the  males  of  cog- 
7iatiis,  ini7ior  ^nd  pruni,  I  think  are  correctly  referred. 

Two  described  North  American  species  of  this  genus  are  still 
unknown  to  me,  viz. :  fagi  Fitch  and  Jiaviis  Walker,  and  there  are 
doubtless  many  undescribed  forms  yet  to  be  brought  to  light  by  our 
coJlectors.  In  geographical  distribution  this  genus  is  largely  boreal, 
such  species  as  do  occur  in  the  South  seeming  to  be  mountain-loving 
forms.  All  the  species  that  have  thus  far  passed  through  my  hands 
are  to  be  found  in  western  New  York.  They  live  on  trees,  from 
which  they  can  best  be  obtained  by  beating  over  an  umbrella. 

I  am  greatly  indebted  to  Mr.  P.  R.  Uhler  for  the  loan  of  his 
very  valuable  material  in  this  genus,  and  as  well  to  my  other  corre- 
spondents who  have  responded  so  generously  to  my  application  for 
material. 

The  following  synoptic  table  is  based  largely  on  the  form  of  the 
ultimate  ventral  segment  of  the  female,  and  is  intended  solely  for  the 
species  hereinafter  described: 

Synopsis  of  the  Species. 

1.  (2)  Elytra  with  four  apical  and  two  anti-ajjical  areoles;  brown  or  piceous, 

elytra  maculated,  beneath  yellow 3.  dlstlnctus. 

2.  (i)  Elytra  with  five  apical  and  three  anti-apical  areoles. 

3.  (6)  Last  ventral  segment  truncated,  rounded  or  subtriangular,   with  an 

apical  notch,  but  without  projecting  teeth. 


— 223 — 

4.  (5)  Last  ventral  seii;nient  short,  witli  a  broad  shallow  notch.    cS.  nigrinasi. 

5.  (4)  a.  Last  ventral  segment  long,  ronnded,  with  a  deej^)  notch;    •;'  hlack, 

9  sulphur-yellow,  commonly  marked  with  black,      i.  variabilis. 

b.  Last  ventral  moderately  long,  subtriangular  with  a  shallow  notch, 

color  fulvous  brown 2.  sobrius. 

6.  (3)  Last  ventral  segment  produced  in  a  more  or  less  distinct  tooth  each 

side  of  the  apical  notch. 

7.  (8)  Last  ventral  segment  cylindrical,  notch  widened,  almost  obsolete,  the 

short  teeth  when  present  incurved,  disc  with  a  broad,  shallow 
depression;  gray,  elytra  subhyaline,  maculated  on  the  suture. 

4.  cognatus. 

8.  (7)  Last  ventral  segment  more  or  less  distinctly  triangular,  with  the  apical 

teeth  usually  distinct. 

9.  (  12)  Elytra  clouded,  fenestrate  with  subhyaline  9- 

10.  (11)  Pale  fulvous,  or  cinereous-fulvous;  last  ventral  segment  shorter,  teeth 

small 7-  minor. 

11.  (10)  Cinereous,  or  fulvous-brown,  last  ventral  segment  longer,  teeth  large. 

5.  fenestratus. 

12.  (9)  Elytra  hyaline,  nervures  brown,  a  discal  spot,  and  commonly  the  apex, 

clouded;  vertex  piceous,  with  a  yellow  band  connecting  the  ocelli. 

6.  pruni. 

I.  Bythoscopus  variabilis  Fitch. 

9   Athysamis  do.,  Fitch,  Homop.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.  p.  60,  1851;  Trans.  N. 

Y.  State  Agric.  Soc.  xviii,  p.  853,  1858;   Rathvon,  Mombert  Hist. 

Lancaster  County,  Fa.,  p.  551;  Packard,  U.  S.  Ent.  Com.  Bulletin 

No.  7,  p.  128  (after  Fitch);  Smith  List  of  Ins.  of  N.  J.  p.  446,  1890. 

Bythoscopus  do..  Walk..  List  of  Homop.  iii,  p.   876;   Provancher,  Petit 

Faun.  Ent.  du  Can.  p.  289,  1889  (erroneously  written  variegatus). 
Pediopsis  do.,  Van  Dnzee,  List  Muskoka  Hemip.  Can.  Ent.  xxi,  p.  9, 1889. 
Macropsis  clitellarius  Provancher,  Nat.  Can.  iv,  p.  877,  1872  (=  var.  D). 
^  Athysanus  abtetis  Fitch,  Homop.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.  p.  60,  1851;  Trans. 
N.  Y.   State  Agric.  Soc.  xvii,  p.  748,   1857,  and  xviii,  p.  854,  1858, 
Rathvon,  Mombert  Hist.  Lancaster  County.  Pa.,   p.  551;  Packard, 
U.  S.  Ent.  Com.  Bulletin,  No.  7,  pp.  129-235. 
Bythoscopus  do..  Walk.,  List  of  Homop.  iv,  p.  1162. 
Head  closely  punctured.    \'ertex  short,  with  a  longitudinal  central  ridge; 
front  more  convex  in  the  female  than  in  the  male,  pronotum  with  fine,  trans- 
verse ruga;;  anterior  disc  of  the  scutellum  minutely  punctured,  apical  field 
transversely  striate;  ultimate  ventral  segment  of  the  9  long,  produced  pos- 
teriorly with  a  deep  central  notch.     Length  5  mm. 

Color:  il/rt/^.— Piceous  black;  head  yellow,  apex  of  the  front,  a  band  on 
its  base  andanother  on  tiie  base  of  the  vertex  black,  the  two  latter  frequently 
confluent  at  their  ends;  hind  edge  of  the  pronotum  and  a  band  on  the  ante- 
rior submargin  which  may  be  extended  over  most  of  the  disc  as  a  suflfused 
cloud,  yellow.  Legs  yellow,  outer  face  of  the  posterior  and  sometimes  the 
anterior  and  intermediate  tibia;  blackish.  Commissural  nervure  with  a  yellow 
spot;  scutellurii  in  pale  examples  with  two  diverging  lines  and  the  tip  yellow. 
Beneath  vellow,  sometimes  varied  with  black. 


—  224 — 

Female. — "  Sulphur-yellow;  elytra  commonly  with  an  oblique  black  vitta, 
then  tips  pellucid;  vertex,  thorax  and  scutel  often  fulvous  or  black"  (Fitch). 
Tergum  black,  the  segments  edged  with  yellow. 

Dr.  Fitch  notices  six  varieties,  as  follows: 

Var.  A. — Dull  yellowish  white  throughout. 
"     B. — Bright  sulphur-yellow  throughout. 
"     C. — An  oblique  black  stripe  on  each  elytron. 
"    D. — Vertex,  thorax  and  scutel  tawny  yellow. 
"    E. — Vertex  and  thorax  tawny  yellow,  scutel  black. 
"     F. — Vertex,  thorax  and  scutel  black. 

To  these  I  would  add: 

Var.  G. — Ferruginous  brown,  clavus  pale  yellow. 

The  obliqtie  black  stripe  mentioned  in  var.  C  follows  the  claval 
suture,  and  may  be  present  in  any  of  the  other  varieties,  and  is 
probably  never  absent  in  D,  E,  F  and  G,  which  thus  show  a  regular 
gradation  in  the  e.xtent  of  dark  markings  they  exhibit. 

This  species  occurs  on  birch,  but  does  not  appear  to  be  com- 
mon, at  least  not  around  Buffalo.  May  to  July,  Lancaster,  N.  Y., 
var.  C,  E,  and  F;  Ridgeway,  Ont. ,  var.  C,  one  pair  in  coitu  re- 
ceived from  Mr.  A.  H.  Kilman;  Ottawa,  Ont.,  one  $  kindly  given 
me  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Harrington,  has  the  scutellar  and  commissural 
margins  of  the  clavus  bright  yellow;  Quebec,  L'Abbe  Provancher 
var.  A,  C  and  D  (=  Macropsis  clitellarius  Prov. );  Muskoka,  Ont., 
July,  1888,  var.  A,  C  and  G;  New  Haven,  Ct.,  one  <?  swept  from 
low  bushes  in  a  grove  June  4,  1883.  The  pair  kindly  sent  to  me  by 
my  friend,  Mr.  Kilman,  was  of  special  interest,  as  proving  the  iden- 
tity of  this  species  and  abietis  Fitch. 

2.  Bythoscopus  SObrius  Walk.     List  Homop.  Insects  iii,  p.  874,  1851. 

Testaceous  \ellow  above,  pale  straw  color  beneath,  elytra  deep  fulvous 
brown,  with  a  slight  vinous  tinge:  vertex  with  an  obsolete  transverse  yellow 
vitta.     Length  5  mm. 

Face  rather  convex,  closely  punctured;  vertex  with  an  impressed  line 
above  the  ocelli  and  an  obscure  central  ridge;  base  of  the  front  with  a  faint 
yellowish  line;  cheeks,  lorae,  apex  of  the  clypeus  and  all  beneath  pale  straw 
yellow.  Pronotum  large,  sloping  quite  strongly  toward  the  head;  finely 
transversely  wrinkled  and  punctured,  with  a  calloused  area  behind  the  eye. 
Elytra  fulvous  brown,  conunissural  nervure  obscurely  alternated  with  pale. 
Wings  very  faintly  smoky,  nervures  brown;  ultimate  ventral  segment  of  the 
9  longer  than  the  penultimate,  apical  margin  rounded,  notch  small. 

I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  W.  H.  Harrington  for  a  fine  female  ex- 
ample labeled  "Ottawa,  July  8th."  Another  9  taken  by  myself 
at  Lancaster,  N.  Y.,  May  31.  1887,  differs  from  this  only  in  being- 
more  cinereous  in  color;  in  the  presence  of  a  black  dot  above  the 


ocelli,  a  dusky  line  on  the  base  of  the  front  and  on  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  dorsal  segments  of  the  abdomen,  and  in  having  the 
elvtra  of  a  deeper  brown  color. 

This  large,  plainly  colored  species  is  most  closely  related  to 
variabilis^  to  which  it  is  allied  by  the  form  of  its  ultimate  ventral 
segment,  its  convex  face  and  sloping  pronotum,  otherwise  it  is  cpiite 
distinct.  Its  rediscovery  at  Ottawa,  by  Mr.  Harrington,  is  interest- 
ing as  placing  in  its  systematic  position  one  more  of  Walker's  nu- 
merous uncertain  species. 

3.  Bythoscopus  distinctus  n.  sp. 

Tale  yellow,  or  cinereous  punctured  with  fuscous  above,  yellow  beneath; 
elytra  subhyaline  maculated  with  brown  9 ,  <^>r  fuscous  with  a  commissural 
and  large  costal  spot  hyaline  ,^\  apical  areoles  four,  anti-ai)icals  two.  Length 
3.5—4.5  mm. 

l\fale. — Vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  punctured  with  fuscous.  Pro- 
notum more  or  less  clouded  withui  the  posterior  and  lateral  margins.  Scu- 
tellum marked  with  a  triangular  spot  within  the  basal  angles,  the  transverse 
impressed  line,  two  points  before  this  and  sometimes  the  median  line  black. 
Elytra  fuscous,  darker  on  the  clavus  and  apex  of  the  corium  and  marked 
with  a  whitish  spot  before  the  apex  of  the  clavus  and  a  larger  costal  spot  on 
the  anti-apical  areoles,  costal  nervure  yellow.  Wings  subhyaline,  nervures 
fuscous.  Beneath  pale  yellow,  clouded  with  blackish  on  the  pleural  pieces; 
legs  pale,  spines  of  the  tibiae  brown;  tergum  fuscous,  segments  edged  with 
yellow.     Genitalia  whitish,  pygofers  embrowned. 

/<>;««/(:'.— Commonly  paler  than  the  male,  with  fewer  t'uscous  punctures 
above;  on  the  elytra  the  hyaline  spots  are  more  extended,  or  they  may  be 
entirely  subhyaline  with,  two  brown  spots  on  the  conunissural  margin  of  the 
clavus  and  a  shade  on  the  apex  of  the  corium. 

In  this  species  the  vertex  is  short,  the  face,  but  feebly  convex,  the  apex 
of  the  clypeus  rather  narrow,  rounded,  and  the  margins  a  little  reflexed,  and 
the  head,  pronotum  and  scutellum,  are  covered  rather  sparingly  with  large 
punctures.  Last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  long,  cylindrical,  with  a  dis- 
tinct, but  narrozv  median  groove,  its  apical  margin  feebly  rounded  and  mi- 
nutely notched  on  the  middle. 

Described  from  five  male  and  nine  female  examples.  Buffalo, 
one  example  swept  from  low  bushes  of  Populus  orandideniata  July 
10,  1889.  Lancaster,  N.  Y.,  July  and  August.  Niagara  Falls,  on 
oak  \L  C.  A'an  Duzee.  Maryland,  June  nth,  and  Illinois,  UhUr. 
Mt.  Balsam,  N.  C,  July,  1890,  W.  J.  Palmer,  Jr. 

Although  a  very  distinct  species,  the  pale  females  bear  some 
resemblance  to  cognatns,  from  which  they  may  be  distinguished  by 
the  number  of  elvtral  areoles  and  the  narrow  groove  of  the  idtimate 
ventral  se"ment. 


4-  Bythoscopus  cognatus  n.  sp. 

Cinereous  or  greenish  brown,  coarsely  punctured,  elytra  subhyaline, 
alternated  with  brown  and  white  along  their  suture;  front  blackish.  Length 
5  mm. 

\'ertex  tinged  with  yellow ;  eyes  and  ocelli  brown,  front  piceous  or 
brown;  clypeus  paler,  its  rounded  apex  yellowish;  lorae  black,  with  a  yellow 
discal  spot;  cheeks  black,  with  a  marginal  yellow  cloud  below  the  eye.  Pro- 
notum  paler  on  the  anterior  margin,  disc  transversely  wrinkled  and  punctured;; 
scutellum  with  the  ordinary  divergent  pale  lines  and  black  discal  dots,  elytra 
cinereous,  subhyaline,  with  a  brown  cloud  from  the  base  of  the  anti-apical 
areoles  to  tip  of  the  clavus,  sometimes  extended  to  the  apical  margin,  their 
suture  pale,  alternated  with  fuscous.  Wings  slightly  obscured,  nervures 
brown.  Pectoral  pieces  piceous  black,  margined  more  or  less  broadly  with 
yellow.  Legs  and  venter  brown;  connexivum,  and  sometimes  the  margin 
of  the  ventral  segment  washed  with  yellow.  Last  ventral  segment  of  the 
female  a  little  longer  than  the  preceding,  apical  angles  rounded,  disc  with  a 
broad,  shallow,  longitudinal  depression,  across  which  the  apical  margin  is 
slightly  concave,  teeth  minute,  depressed.  Plates  of  the  male  stout,  covered 
with  short  hairs. 

Described  from  two  males  and  five  female  examples  taken  at 
Muskoka,  Ont.,  July,  1888.  A  pale  greenish  white  9  taken  at 
Lancaster,  N.  Y. ,  May  31,  1877;  is  probably  immature.  This  large 
well  marked  torm  can  be  distinguished  from  our  other  maculated 
species  by  its  size,  uniform  cinereous  coloring  and  the  form  of  the 
last  ventral  segment  of  the  female. 

5.  Bjrthoscopus  fenestratas  Fitch. 

Aihysaiius  feiiestratns  Fitch.,   Homop.    N.    Y.   State   Cab.  p.  60,   1S51; 

Trans.  N.  Y.  State  Agric.  Soc.  xviii  p.  853,  1858;  Rathvon,  Mombert 

Hist.   Lancaster,   County,   Pa.,  p.   551;   Packard,  U.  S.  Ent.  Com. 

Bulletin  No-  7,  p.  128  (after  Fitch);  J.  B.  Smith,  List  Insects  of  N.  j. 

p.  446,  i8go. 
Bythoscopus  do..  Walker,  List  of  Homop.  iv,  p.  1162;  Provancher,  Petite 

Faune  Ent.  du  Can.  iii,  p.  289,  1890. 
Pediopsis  do.,  Yan  Duzee,  List  Muskoka  Hemip.  Can.  Ent.  xxi,  p.  9,  1889. 
Pediopsis  fiavescens  Provancher,  Nat.  Can.  iv,  p.  376,  1872;  Petit  Faune 

Ent.  du  Can.  iii,  p.  295,  1890. 

Cinereous,  or  ferruginous  brown,  paler  beneath;  front  usually  discolored; 
elytra  more  or  less  deeply  infuscated,  fenestrated  with  whitish  hyaline. 
Length  about  4.5  mm. 

Female. — Face  finely  punctured,  ocelli  connected  by  a  pale  yellowish 
band,  above  and  below  which  is  a  darker  shade;  front  dusky,  sometimes 
almost  piceous,  with  a  smooth,  paler  area  on  either  side;  cheeks  and  sides 
of  the  clypeus  pale;  eyes  and  ocelli  brown.  Pronotum  finely  transversely 
wrinkled  and  punctured;  scutellum  sometimes  more  deeply  colored  than  the 
pronotum,  basal  angles  obscurely  darker.  Elytra  grayish,  fulvous,  or  even 
deep  fuscous  brown;  scutellar  margin  of  the  clavus,  a  spot  near  its  apex. 


—  227— 

another  on  the  apex  of  the  discal  areoles,  and  a  larger  one  on  the  anti-ai)icals 
whitish  hyaline.  Wings  snbhyaline,  nervures  pale  brown.  Beneath  yellow 
or  fulvous,  sometimes  obscured  on  tlie  venter  and  marked  with  black  on  the 
pectoral  pieces,  front  of  the  femora  and  tibitc.  Last  ventral  segment  sub- 
triangular,  produced  medially  in  two  distinct,  subacute  teeth. 

The  male  differs  from  the  female  only  in  being  paler,  at  least  on  the  front, 
and  in  having  the  elytra  of  an  almost  uniform  fulvous  brown  tint  with  hardly 
a  trace  of  the  hyaline  spots. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Jtine-Atigust;  Muskoka,  Out.,  July,  1888; 
Ridgeway,  Ont.,  A.  H.  Kilman;  Mt.  Balsam,  N.  C. ,  July  26,  1890, 
W.  J.  Palmer,  Jr.  Lives  on  birch.  It  is  subject  to  consicferable 
\ariation  in  the  tint  of  its  general  color  and  the  distinctness  of  the 
fenestrate  markings  of  the  elytra.  From  the  preceding  species  it 
may  be  distinguished  by  the  form  of  the  last  ventral  segment  of  the 
female,  from  pruni  by  its  clouded  elytra,  and  from  viinor  by  its 
larger  size,  deeper  color  and  the  larger  teeth  of  the  last  ventral 
segment. 

6.  Bythoscopus  pruni  Prov.,  Petite  Faune  Ent.  du  Can.  iii,  p.  290,  1S90. 

Aihysaniis  pyiiiii  Fitch,  MS. 

Cinereous  or  grayish  yellow,  punctured  with  fuscous;  coriiun  liyaline, 
with  the  apex  and  a  transverse  spot  fuscous;  face  yellowish;  vertex  banded 
with  black.     Length  4-4.5  mm. 

Face  yellow;  front  and  apex  of  the  clypeus  blackish  in  the  female; 
vertex  black,  with  a  broad  yellow  band  connecting  the  ocelli;  front  and  vertex 
coarsely  punctured,  the  latter  slightly  tumid  on  the  middle.  Eyes  brown, 
ocelli  black.  Pronotum  yellowish  cinereous,  more  or  less  obscured  with 
fuscous  punctures  and  commonly  showing  two  or  three  black  points  on  the 
calloused  area  behind  the  eye;  surface  with  the  transverse  striae  and  scatter- 
ing punctures  more  obvious  posteriorly;  scutellum  cinereous,  yellowish,  or 
sometimes  ferruginous,  marked  as  in  distiuctus.  Elytra  hyaline,  more  or  less 
obscured,  commissural  nervure  whitish,  interrupted  on  its  middle  by  a  fus- 
cous spot  and  with  a  smaller  one  at  tip,  nervures  brown,  apex  of  the  corium 
clouded  with  brown,  the  transverse  nervures  fuscous  margined.  Wings  ob- 
scurely smoky  hyaline,  nervures  brown.  Beneath  yello\\-,  pleural  pieces 
marked  with  black;  tergum  blackish,  the  segments  pale  margined.  Legs 
pale,  spines  of  the  hind  tibia;  and  a  line  on  their  face  at  base  Ijrown.  (ienital 
characters  as  in  feneslratus. 

Described  from  ten  males  and  four  female  specimens.  Mus- 
koka, Ont.,  July,  1888;  Quebec,  Provancher;  Ottawa,  Ont.,  Har- 
rington; Saskatchewan,  July  22d;  White  Mountains,  "subalpine" 
Scudder;  Ma.ssachusetts  and  ALiine.  The  specimens  from  the  four 
last  mentioned  localities  were  received  from  Mr.  L'hler;  that  from 
the  White  Mountains  bearing  the  label  ''  Athysanus  pruni  Fh." 
M.  Provancher' s  example  came  labeled  "'  Pediopsis  cinctifrons,''' 
which  he  afterward  discarded  for  the  one  here  emi)loyed. 


—  228 — 

This  species  is  \'ery  closely  related  to  fenestrafus,  of  which  it 
may  prove  to  be  the  northern  form.  It  can  be  best  distinguished 
by  the  black  transverse  bands  on  the  vertex,  the  hyaline  elytra  and 
the  maculated  scutellum.  The  similarity  of  genital  characters  would 
seem  to  indicate  something  less  than  a  specific  difference. 

7.  Bythoscopiis  minor  iMtcli. 

Athysanus  minor  Fitch,  Homop.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.  p.  60,  1851;  Trans. 
N.  Y.  State  Agric.  Soc.  xviii,  p.  583,  1858;  Rathvon,  Mombert  Hist. 
Lancaster  County,  Pa.,  p.  551;  Packard,  Bulletin  No.  7,  U.  S.  Ent. 
<  Com.  p.  12S  (Fitch);  J.  B.  Smith,  List  Insects  of  N.  J.,  p.  446,  1890. 

Bythoscopiis  do..  Walker,  List  of  Homop.  iii,  p.  876. 

Pt'diopsis  do..  Van  Duzee,  List  Muskoka  Hemip.  Can.  Ent.  xxi,  p.  9,  "89. 

3Iacropsis  ocellatiis  Prov.,  Nat.  Can.  iv,  p.  377,  1872. 

Pale  yellowish,  cinereous,  or  ferruginous  brown  ;  front  dusky  ;  elytra 
fenestrate  witli  hyaline;  last  ventral  segment  of  female  short,  with  two  small 
teeth  on  the  hind  margin.     Length  4  mm. 

Feuiale. — Face  coarsely  punctured,  leaving  the  smooth  frontal  areas 
quite  strongly  contrasted,  ocelli  brown,  sometimes  conspicuous  in  pale  ex" 
amples,  apex  of  the  clypeus  narrowed  and  somewhat  produced;  front  some- 
times embrowned  as  in  nigrinasi;  disc  of  the  cheeks  and  margins  of  the 
pectoral  pieces  and  ventral  segments  paler,  sometimes  clear  yellow;  tergum, 
disc  of  the  pronotnm,  scutellum  and  elytra  commonly  more  deeply  colored; 
the  latter  with  a  whitish  spot  next  the  scutellum,  another  on  the  discal  areoles, 
a  larger  one  on  the  anti-apicals,  and  a  feeble  indication  on  the  apex  of  the 
c!avus.  bi  pale  examples  these  spots  are  nearly  obhterated.  Wings  whitish 
hyaline,  nervures  concolorous.  Last  ventral  segment  but  little  longer  than 
the  penultimate,  hind  margin  but  slightly  produced  medially,  with  a  pair  of 
short,  rather  distant  teeth,  including  a  shallow  notch. 

A  single  male  from  Marylanci  has  the  elytra  ful\-ous  brown  with 
a  slight  vinous  tinge  and  without  hyaline  spots,  and  the  nerxurcs  of 
the  wings  brown,  otherwise  like  the  female. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  Muskoka,  Ont. ;  Quebec,  Provancher;  Mary- 
land and  Massachusetts,  LHiler.  There  can,  I  think,  be  no  doubt 
but  that  this  is  the  insect  described  by  Mr.  Fitch  as  Athysanus  minor, 
but  I  have  not  seen  his  types,  if  indeed  they  still  exist,  and  his  brief 
description  will  not  admit  of  a  positive  identification.  It  is  certainly 
very  i\(^-av  fcnes trains,  of  which  it  may  be  a  pale  variet}'. 

S.  Bytho3Copus  nigrinasi  Fitch. 

At/iVia/iits  iiio-rinasi  Fitch,  Homop.  N.  Y.  State  Cab.  p.  61,  1851  ;  J.  B. 
.Sinitii,  List  of  bisects  of  N.  J.,  p.  446,  1890. 

Bythoscopiis  do..  Walker,  List  of  Homop.  iv,  p.  1162. 

Color  varying  from  pale  yellowish  cinereous  to  deep  fuscous;  legs  yellow, 
front  embrowned;  elytra  normally  marked  as  m  fcnestratiis;  last  ventral  seg- 
ment of  the  female  bilobed  on  its  apical  margin.     Length  about  4  mm. 


— 229 — 

The  color  and  tlie  extent  of  the  markinos  in  this  species  is  subject  to 
great  variation;  ordinarily  the  front,  inner  margin  of  the  cheeks,  a  part  at 
least  of  the  pectoral  pieces,  and  a  spot  or  ring  near  the  apex  of  the  femora 
.are  fuscous  or  black.  Dark  examples  have  the  disc  of  the  discal  and  anti- 
apical  areoles,  the  base  of  the  clavus  and  a  spot  before  its  apex  whitish  hya- 
line. In  pale  examples  the  elytra  are  subhyaline  with  two  transverse  fulvous 
or  brown  bands,  more  or  less  strongly  indicated.  Thus  far  the  females. 
The  males  are  of  a  uniform  dark  brown  or  fuscous  shade,  with  the  vertex,  a 
transverse  broad  band  on  the  front  basally,  and  the  the  venter,  soiled  yellow; 
the  legs  pale  yellow,  and  a  space  on  the  commissural  nervure  near  its  apex 
and  sometimes  another  on  its  base  whitish.  In  both  sexes  the  face  is  less 
convex  than  mfencstmtus  and  its  allies  and  the  vertex  is  consequently  shorter; 
the  pronotum  is  transversely  rugosely  punctured,  the  anterior  margin  slightly 
calloused  and  behind  the  eye  obscurely  pitted  and  the  scutellum  is  frequently 
tinged  with  ferruginous.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  is  rather 
short  and  bilobate,  or  waved  on  its  hind  margin. 

This  is  our  most  abundant  species  in  western  New  York.  I 
have  taken  it  in  the  vicinity  of  Buffalo,  from  June  to  August,  and  at 
"  Rock  City"  near  Salamanca,  N.  Y.,  Aug.  2,  1889,  at  an  elevation 
of  1677  feet.  Mr.  Kilman  has  kindly  sent  me  examples  taken  at 
Ridgeway,  Ont.,  and  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  W.  J.  Palmer,  Jr.,  for 
several  examples  taken  on  Mt.  Balsam,  N.  C.  From  Mr.  Uhler  I 
have  received  specimens  labeled  Grimsby  (Ont.  ?),  Connecticut  and 
Maryland,  one  of  which  is  a  typical  example  of  nigrinasi  rccei\'ed 
by  Mr.  Uhler  direct  from  Dr.  Fitch. 

Although  quite  variable,  this  species  can  be  readily  distinguished 
by  the  form  of  the' last  ventral  segment  of  the  female,  the  blackish 
front,  and  usually  by  the  markings  on  the  elytra.  It  lives  on  the 
blue  beech  {Carpvius  aiiicricamts). 


ABSCHIEDSWORTE. 


With  this  notice,  my  editorial  work  on  Entomologica  Ameri- 
cana ceases.  The  business  affairs  of  the  journal  have  been,  and 
are  such  as  to  demand  a  constant  personal  attention,  which  I  cannot 
give.  I  have  therefore  concluded  to  relieve  myself  of  possible 
charges  of  neglect,  and  sometime  since  sent  in  my  resignation  to 
the  Society  in  such  terms  as  to  leave  them  no  alternative  but  accep- 
tance. 

It  is  with  feelings  of  regret  that  I  take  leave  of  those  to  whom 
I  have  written  so  often,  and  I  take  this  occasion  to  thank  most 
heartily  those  who,  by  their  aid  and  sympathy,  have  enabled  me  to 
attain  such  measure  of  success  for  the  journal  as  has  been  its  lot. 

John  B.  Smith. 


— 230 — 
Preparatory  stages  of  Schizura  leptinoides  Grote. 

BY  HARRISON  G.    DYAR. 

Egg. — Of  the  shape  of  the  upper  two-thirds  of  a  sphere,  flat 
below  ;  minutely  punctured,  shining,  very  pale  greenish  yellow. 
Diameter  i  mm.  Laid  singly  on  the  under  surfece  of  the  leaf 
Duration  of  this  stage,  seven  days. 

First  Larval  Stage. — Head  depressed  at  the  vertex,  pale 
greenish  yellow,  the  lower  third  shaded  with  sordid  brownish. 
Width  .5  mm.  The  body  is  slightly  elevated  dorsally  at  joints  5  and 
12  and  bears  small  warts,  one  per  segment,  row  one  anteriorly  in 
subdorsal  space,  two  subdorsal  (these  rows  taken  on  each  side  form 
the  "trapezoidal  spots"),  three  more  rows  laterally  and  one  on  the 
bases  of  the  legs,  all  small  and  bearing  a  kw  hairs.  The  warts  of 
row  one  on  joint  2  are  rather  larger  than  the  others.  Color  Yellow- 
ish green,  joints  5  and  12  and  the  subventral  space,  except  on  joints 
6  and  13  crimson:  feet  black,  except  the  anal  pair,  and  these  are 
elevated.  Length,  after  hatching,  2.5  mm.  Duration  of  this  stage 
three  days.  The  lar\ie  eat  the  parenchvma  and  not  the  whole  leaf, 
until  the  second  stage. 

Second  Larval  Stage. — Head  rather  higher  than  wide,  the 
lobes  rounded,  dark  wine  red,  blackish  on  the  flattened  front. 
Width  8  mm.  Body  a  little  enlarged  dorsally  at  joints  5  and  12,. 
which,  with  the  ventral  and  lateral  regions,  are  dark  brown.  Dor- 
sum brownish  yellow,  brighter  on  jointrs  3  and  4,  and  with  a  vellow 
patch  of  triangular  shape  on  joints  10  and  11,  ending  abruptly  on 
joint  II  posteriorly.  Warts  as  before,  small,  with  a  few  hairs. 
Length  5  mm.  As  the  stage  advances  the  whole  body  becomes 
dark  reddish  brown,  finely  mottled  with  yellow,  especially  so  at  the 
sides  of  joints  3  and  4  and  dorsally  on  joints  6  and  7.  On  joint  10 
is  a  small,  bright  yellow,  oval  patch,  touching  on  joint  11  a  larger, 
hemispherical,  similarly  colored  spot,  containing  four  partly  con- 
fluent brown  spots,  its  base  toward  the  anal  end,  the  contained  spots 
in  a  transverse  row  of  three,  with  the  fourth  in  front.  Duration  of 
this  stage  four  days. 

Third  Larv.\l  .Sta(;e. — Head  pale  brownish,  mottled  with 
brown ;  a  broad  dark  \'ertical  band  extends  from  each  side  of  the 
mouth  to  the  vertex  of  the  lobe,  once  dentate  inwardly  above  the 
middle  ;  triangular  plate  and  labrum  pale.  Width  1.3  mm.  A 
dorsal  process  on  joint  5  surmounted  by  two  tubercles  and  slighter 
processes  resembling  humps  on  joints  8,  9  and  12.  Besides  the 
tlorsal  tubercles  that  surmount  the  humps,  there  are  two  lateral  and 


— 231 — 

two  subventral  rows  of  smaller  ones,  while  on  joint  13  there  are  two 
tubercles  in  the  dorsal  rows.  Body  pale  brown,  heavily  mottled 
with  blackish  brown,  especially  in  a  broad  dorsal  band  on  joints  2 
and  4,  and  laterally  on  joints  5  and  10.  On  joints  3  and  4,  laterally, 
is  a  subquadrate  paler  patch,  yellowish  above,  and  similar  yellowish 
marks  dorsally  on  joints  6  and  7.  The  yellow  patch  on  joints  10 
and  1 1  is  as  before.  A  whitish  ventral  band  on  the  last  segments. 
As  the  stage  advances  the  lateral  brown  marks  on  joints  5-10  fade 
into  the  ground  color,  leaving  a  narrow,  black,  subdorsal  line  and 
all  the  yellow  marks,  except  those  on  joints  10  and  11,  disappear. 
Duration  of  this  stage  four  days. 

Fourth  Larval  Stage.— Head  shaped  as  before,  very  pale 
brown,  thickly  and  evenly  mottled  with  little  crinkled  lines  of  dark 
brown;  a  few  hairs.  Width  2.1  mm.  Dorsal  process  on  joint  5 
long,  perpendicular  in  front,  a  little  sloping  behind,  surmounted  by 
two  whitish  tubercles  each  bearing  a  hair.  On  joint  8  is  a  slight 
elevation,  on  joint  9  a  larger  one,  and  a  similar  one  on  joint  12,  a 
little  larger  than  that  on  joint  8,  each  surmounted  by  two  tubercles 
which,  with  those  on  the  other  segments,  form  row  one  ol  the  tirst 
stage.  The  lateral  ones  are  also  present,  small,  whitish,  each  bear- 
ing a  hair.  Body  pale  brown,  mottled  with  dark  brown,  exenly 
like  the  head,  except  that  on  joints  2  and  4  is  a  broad,  dark  brown 
dorsal  band,  while  the  sides  of  these  joints  are  often  paler;  on  joints 
6  to  II  is  a  narrow  subdorsal  line,  and  on  the  dorsum  of  joints  6  to 
«  afe  oblique  brown  lines,  one  on  each  segment,  posteriorly  to  which 
the  color  is  paler.  The  yellow  patch  on  joints  10  and  11  (the  usual 
V-mark)  is  triangular  on  joint  10,  Init  on  joint  11  is  divided  mto 
three  spots,  the  outer  ones  elongate,  the  posterior  one  small  and 
rounded.  Venter  nearly  black  by  the  confluence  of  the  mottlings; 
a  broad,  pale  greenish,  ventral  band.  Thoracic  feet  pale  brownish 
testaceous;  anal  ones  elevated  when  at  rest.  Duration  of  this  stage 
four  days. 

P'iFTH  Larval  Stagk.— Head  higher  than  wide,  slightly  de- 
pressed at  the  vertex  and  marked  as  in  the  preceding  stage.  Max- 
ills;,  bases  of  antenna;  and  ocelli,  red-brown.  Width  3.3  mm.  The 
body  for  joints  2  to  4,  6,  11  and  13,  is  not  as  high  as  the  vertex  of 
the  head;  the  dor.sal  process  on  joint  5  is  long  and  large,  its  sur- 
mounting pair  of  tubercles  pointing  forward;  joints  7  to  10  are 
arched  and  apparently  enlarged  dorsally  by  the  abdominal  feet  being 
held  close  together,  joints  8  and  9  each  have  a  double  hump,  the 
one  on  joint  9  the  larger,  but  both  shorter  than  the  j)rocess  on  joint 
5;  a  slight  double  hump  on  joint  12.  its  apices  closer  together  than 


those  of  the  others.  The  surmounting'  tubercles  are  brown,  tipped 
with  white,  each  bearing  a  hair.  These  tubercles  form  part  of  row- 
one  and  the  rest,  arranged  as  the  warts  in  Arachnis pida,'^  are  very 
small,  whitish,  and  each  bears  a  hair.  The  body  "is  colored  as  in 
the  previous  stage,  and  is  subject  to  considerable  variation  in  the 
depth  of  coloration  from  very  pale  brown  to  almost  black  in  different 
examples.  The  back  of  the  head  and  a  broad  dorsal  band  on  joints 
2  to  4  are  dark  brown  edged  with  whitish,  and  there  is  a  narrow 
subdorsal  line  on  joints  5  to  1 1  bordered  below  by  a  paler  shade. 
The  oblique  dorsal  lines  on  joints  6  to  8  are  not  distinct,  but  the 
pale  shades  bordering  them  are  evident,  and  the  angular  mark  on 
joints  10  and  1 1  has  lost  its  bright  yellow  color  and  approaches  very 
nearly  these  pale  shades  in  appearance,  or  is  slightly  pinkish.  Joints 
12  and  13  are  a  little  paler  than  the  rest  of  the  body  and  a  pale  shade 
passes  up  the  back  of  the  process  on  joint  5.  There  is  a  broad, 
pale  whitish  ventral  band,  with  which  the  thoracic  feet  are  concolor- 
ous;  the  abdominal  feet  are  concolorous  with  the  body,  the  anal 
ones  but  little  used,  and  usually  held  against  the  leaf,  or  but  little 
elevated.  Spiracles  pale  brown,  with  a  fine  black  border.  A  single 
dark  colored  larva  out  of  the  brood  of  thirty,  from  which  this  de- 
scription is  drawn,  had  a  white  spot  above  the  spiracle  on  joint  11, 
and  another  smaller  one  before  and  below,  in  this  character  ap- 
proaching the  marking  of  lanassa  lignicolor.  Length  of  lar\'a  about 
30  mm.      Duration  of  this,  the  last  larval  stage,  six  days. 

Cocoon. — Thin,  rather  tough,  semi-transparent,  parchment- 
like. It  is  spun  between  two  leaves.  The  larvae  of  the  first  brood 
pupate  in  a  few  days,  but  those  of  the  second  brood  pass  the  Winter 
in  the  cocoon  and  pupate  in  the  Spring.  Only  ten  per  cent,  of  my 
larvae  produced  imago  the  same  Summer. 

Pupa. — Cylindrical,  the  abdominal  segments  gently  tapering, 
capable  of  much  motion.  There  is  an  elevation  between  the  eyes 
bearing  two  small  tubercles  and  a  curved  row  of  cubical  granulations 
at  the  posterior  edge  of  the  thorax.  Cremasters,  two,  parallel,  sepa- 
rate, rather  thick  and  bluntly  spinose.  Color  shining  dark  red- 
brown.      Wing  cases  creased  and  body  punctured,  but  minutely. 

Food-Plant. — Hickory  {Carya).  Larvie  from  Dutchess 
County,  N.  Y. 

It  will  be  observed  that  this  larva  differs  from  the  larvae  of  the 
other  known  species  of  Schizura  in  lacking  the  lateral  green  patch 
■on  the  thoracic  segments,  and  in  the  last  stage  the  yellow  dorsal 
V-shaped  mark.      In  the  last  character  it  approaches  the' larva  of 

*  .See  Entomologica  Americana,  vol.  vi,  p.  74. 


—  233— 

/  lignicolor  as  well  as  in  the  curious  occurrence  of  white  spots  at 
the  spiracles  of  joint  1 1  as  noted  above.  There  does  not  seem  to 
be  any  character  to  separate  the  larva  of  /.  lignicolor  generically 
from  Schiziira.    . 

The  larva  of  6*.  Icptinoides  is  protected  by  its  resemblance  to  a 
brown  dead  piece  of  Hickory  leaf,  and  it  has  the  habit  of  leavint^ 
pieces  of  leaf  partly  eaten  off  which  soon  wither  and  become  brown, 
like  the  larva.  It  girdles  the  stem  of  the  leaf  that  it  is  about  to  feed 
upon,  causing  it  to  bend  down  and  be  more  easily  reached.  This 
habit  is  shared  by  .S".  ipomece.  , 


NOTE  ON   LEPISMA  DOMESTICA  Pack. 

By  E.  Bergroth,  Forssa,  F'inland. 

In  his  synopsis  of  the  North  American  Thysanura,  Prof.  Packard 
has  described,  under  the  specific  name  of  domestica,  a  remarkable 
new  Lepisma  living  in  the  houses  about  hearths  and  fire-places  at 
Salem,  Mass.  From  Packard's  description  there  can  be  no  doubt 
that  this  species  is  congeneric  with  the  European  Lepisma  f7ir7ior2iiu 
Prov.,  upon  which  Grassi  (Bull.  Soc.  Ent.  Ital.  xix,  1887)  founded 
the  subgenus  Thennophila,  elevated  to  the  rank  of  a  genus  by  Ou- 
demans  (Tijdschr.  v.  Entomologie  xxxii,  1889),  who  published  a 
more  complete  description  and  an  excellent  colored  drawing  of  the 
insect.  Thertnophila  seems  to  be  well  distinguished  from  Lepisma, 
especially  by  the  six-jointed  maxillary  palpi,  but  the  name  being 
twice  pre-occupied  in  entomology  (Lepidoptera  and  Coleoptera)  I 
propose  to  substitute  that  of  Thermobia. 

Thermobia  funioru7n  was  detected  in  the  Lombardy  by  Roxelli 
in  1884,  and  has  lately  been  found  abundantly  in  the  bake-houses 
at  Amsterdam  by  Gudemans.  It  lives  in  similar  situations  as  the 
American  Th.  domestica,  which,  judging  from  the  description,  is 
nearly  allied  to,  but  specifically  distinct  from  the  European  species. 


In  accordance  with  custom,  and  for  the  last  time  in  Entomo- 
LOGiCA  Americana,  ye  editor  wishes  all  our  readers  and  friends  a 
Happy  New  Year.  J-   ^^-   S. 


-234— 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


Abstract  Proc.  Ent.  Club  A.  A.  A.  S 183 

Anonymous. 

A  contribution  to  Hymenopterological  Literature    .         .       47 

Bergroth,  E. 

Note  on  the  genus  Protenor '^\.^\  .  .  .  .  .217 
Note  on  Lepisma  domestica  Pack.     .....      233 

Beltenmuller,  Wm. 

Food-plants  of  Lepidoptera,  No.  13  {Halisidota  carycf)  .  16 
Description  of  the  larva  of  Thymahis  fulgidiis  Er.  .  .  57 
Description  of  the  Preparatory  stages  of  Edema  albifi'ons 

A.  and  S 75 

Mode  of  oviposition  of  certain  species  of  Odonata  .  -165 
Food  habits  of  Chrysomelidae  .  .  .  .  -175 

Preparatory  stages  of  Samm  cynthia  Dr.  .  .  .216 

Description  of  the  preparatory  stages  of  Datana  angusii 
G.  &  R.        .         .         .        ,.         .         .         .         .         .219 

Book  Notices ■  .         .        18,  217 

Butler,  A.  G. 

Eristalis  tenax  in  England        .... 

Chittenden,  Frank  H. 

[Editorial  Notes]      ...... 

On  the  habits  of  Phloeophagus  and  Stenoscelis 

[Note  on  Eristalis  tenax\         .  .  .  .  .126 

Remarks  on  the  habits  of  some  species  of  Cleridae  . 
Notes  on  the  habits  of  some  species  of  Rhynchophora 
Fire  !......... 

Spider's  Web  Cloth  .  .  .... 

[Note  on  Zeuzera  (escii/i^         ..... 

Collecting  Notes        ....         58,  103,  115,  135,  137 

Dyar,  Harrison  G. 

Preparatory  stages  of  Plicsia  califomica  . 
Preparatory  stages  of  Arachnis pida  Pack. 
Preparatory  stages  of  Ardia  doda   . 
The  genus  Datana  Walker 

Preparatory  stages  of  Dilophonota  edzvardsii  Butl.   and 
D.  ello  Linn.         ..... 

Preparatory  stages  of  Datana  palmii  Beut. 


126 

70,  76 

99 
218 

154 
167 
208 
218 
218 


14 

73 

117 

127 

141 
181 


—235- 


Prcparatory  stages  of  Heterocampa  subrotata  Harvey 
Preparatory  stages  of  Schiziira  leptinoides  Grote 

Edwards,  Henry. 

Some  apparently  new  Noctuidie  in  the  collection  of  the 
British  Museum    ....... 

Entomological  Club,  A.  A.  A.  S.,  Proceedings 

Fernald.  C.  H. 

A  bit  of  history        ....... 

Fletcher,  James. 

[Address  as  President  Ent.  Club  A.  A.  A.  S.] 

Gillette,  C.  P. 

New  Cynipidae  ....... 

GODINCi,  F.  W. 

A  new  Orthopter  from  Tennessee    .... 

Grote,  A.  Radcliffe. 

The  North  American  Eustrotiini      .... 

Hamilton,  John,  M.D. 

Catalogue  of  Coleoptera  common  to  America,  Europe,  etc. 

Proposed  corrections  of  specific  names  to  harmonize  Mr. 
Henshaw's  catalogue  of  the  North  American  Coleop- 
tera, with  the  generally  accepted  nomenclature  with  re- 
lation to  the  species  common  to  the  two  continents 

On  the  probable  pollenization  of  greenhouse  chrysanthe 
mums  by  Eristalis  tenax      ...... 

[Notes  on  some  species  of  Leptura]         ... 

Horn,  Geo.  H.,  M.D. 

The  "  ultimate  larva"  of  Platypsyllus 

[Cychrus  merkelii  n.  sp.]  ..... 

Howard,  L.  O. 

A  waspish  love  struggle  ...... 

Leng,  Charles  W. 
»  [Notes  on  some  species  of  Leptura] 


209 
230 


114 

1 12 


Synopses  of  Cerambycidae 

Machesney,  C.  p. 

Notes  on  Zeiczera  pyrina  F'abr. 

Neumoegen,  B. 

New  beauties  from  near  and  far 
[Notes  and  News]    . 
New  species  of  Arctians  . 


13 
161 

17 


41 

81 
214 

55 
71 

33 

215 
9,  65,  97,  104,  156,  185,  213 

31 

61 

56,  58,  72,  74,  76,  116 
173 


236  — 


Notes  AND  News 17,  34,  72,  116,  137 

Obituary,  Otto  von  Meske   .         .         .         .         .         ,         .180 

Ra(;onot,  E. 

[Notes  on,  Phycitid^e]        .......       64 

RiCKSECKER,  L.    E. 

[Mounting  small  Coleoptera]   .  .•         .  .  .  .125. 

Riley,  Charles  V. 

Platypsyllus — Egg  and  Ultimate  Larva — Dr.  Horn's  Re- 
clamation     .........        27 

Rivers,  J.J. 

[Collecting  Note]     . 
Description  of  a  new  Cychrus 
Three  new  species  of  Coleoptera 

ScHAUs,  Wm.,  Jr. 

New  species  of  Mexican  Lepidoptera        .  .  .  18, 

Description  of  Eteriisia  urania  n.  sp.       .... 

ScHMiTT,  P.  Jerome. 

A  melanic  Argynnis  bellonce     ...... 

Skinner,  Henry,  M.D. 
A  new  Pamphila 

Slosson,  Annie  Trumbull. 

Larvae  of  Seirardia  echo  ......         8 

Cressonia  hyperbola  n.  var.  ......       59 

Varina  ornata  Neum.       .  .  .  .  .  .  .136 

Smith,  Erwin  F. 

The  Black   Peach   Aphis,   a    new  species  of  the  genus 
Aphis  ........       loi 

Smith,  John  B. 

A  new  species  of  Feralia 
A  new  species  of  Oncocnemis 
Notes  on  some  Scolytids 
A  new  species  of  Agrotis 
A  new  species  of  Botis     . 
New  species  of  Taeniocampini 
[Mounting  small  Coleoptera]   . 
[Collecting  note] 
Notes  on  Elaphidion 
A  new  Plagiomimicus 


70 

71 
III 


45 
39 

70 
138 


201 

26 
30 

53 

76 

88 

121 

125 

135 
136 

139 


-237— 


40,  60,  100,  119,  139, 


Contributions  toward  a  monograpli  of  the  Noctuiclie  of 
temperate  North  America.  Revision  of  Scopelosoma 
Curtis 

A  new  Bombycia 

A  new  Morrisonia 

A  new  Copipanohs 

Abschiedsworte 
Society  News 
Van  Duzee,  E.  P. 

New  CaHfornia  Homoptera 

Review  of  the  North  American  species  of  Bythoscopus 
Westcott,  O.  S. 

[Note  on  Eristalis  tcna.\-\         ..... 

WlCKHAM,    H.    F. 

Note  on  Ceutorhvnchns  crvsiini  .... 
Reg;ardino-  Sttnwpodius  flavipcs  .... 
Remarks  on  some  w  astern  Tenebrionicke 


146 
179 
212 
220 
229 
220 


35.  49. 


91,  I, 


126 

44 
52 
83 


-2-,8- 


GENERAL   INDEX. 


Acmaeops,  synopsis  of  . 
Acoptus  suturalis,  note  on 
Acraspis  niger,  n.  sp.     . 
Adoxus  vitis,  note  on     .   ' 
^Eschna,  notes  on 
Agallia  oculata,  n.  sp.    . 
Agallia  quadri-punctata 
Agallissus  gratus    . 
Agelastica  halensis,  note  on 
Agrion,  notes  on    . 
Agrotis  atristrigata,  n.  sp 
Alandes  singularis 
AUygus  inscriptus,  n.  sp. 
Amblychila  baroni,  n.  sp. 
Amphidora  nigropilosa 
Annaphila  casta,  n.  sp.  . 
Anodonta  fascis,  n.  sp   . 
Anthophilax,  synopsis  of 
Aphis  persicae-niger,  n.  sp. 
Apion  fraternum,  note  on 

"      nigrum,  note  on  . 

"      rostnnn,  note  on 
Arachnis  picta,  early  stages 

"        zuni  n.  sp. 
Arseoschizus,  liabits  of  . 
Arctia  dieckii,  n.  sp. 

docta,  life-history 

"      favorita,  n.  sp.     . 
Argoporis  costipennis    . 
Argynnis  bellona,  var.   . 
Asida,  habits  of     . 
Ahysanus     see  Bythoscopus 

"  striatula,  n.  sp. 

Atimia  confusa 

"      dorsalis 
Azenia,  note  on 

"        edentata    . 

"        implora     . 
Balaninus,  notes  on  some  species  of 
Barytychius  discoideus,  note  on 
Bassareus,  note  on  species  of 
Batulius  setosus     . 
liellamira,  note  on 
Blapstinus,  habits  of 
Blepharida  rhois,  note  on 
Bombycia  Candida,  n.  sp. 
Botis  nelumbialis  n.  sp. 
Bythoscopus,  review  of  species 

synopsis  of  species 
distinctus,  n.  sp. 
"  cognatus,  n.  sp. 

Calliorama  germen,  n.  sp. 
Calopteryx,  notes  on 
Calosoma  vvillcoxi,  note  on 
Caria  melicerta,  n.  sp.   . 
Cassida,  note  on  species  of 


104 

171 

23 
176 
166 
8,49 
135 
9 
177 
166 

76 

88 

92 

III 

87 
114 

47 

98 

201 

168 

168 

168 

73 

173 

84 

62 

117 

173 

87 

70 

85 

134 
10 
10 
162 
162 
162 
172 
169 

^75 

84 

156 

87 
177 

179 
89 
221 
223 
225 
226 
20 
166 

137 

18 

178 


PAGE 

Centrinus  lineicollis,  note  on  .  171 
Centrodera,  synopsis  of  species  .  66 
Ceutorhynchus  erysimi  .         .     44 

"  septentrionalis       .   171 

Chariessa  pilosa,  note  on  .  -  155 
Chelymorpha  argus,  note  on  .   178 

Chlamys  plicata,  note  on  .  -175 
Chramesus  icorise  .  .  .  -53 
Chrysanthemum  fly  .  .  .  81 
Chrysochus  auratus,  note  on  .   175 

Chrysomela,  notes  on  species  of  .  176 
Chrysomelidte,  on  food  habits  .  175 
Cleridaj,  habits  of .  .  .  .  154 
Clerus  rosmarus,  note  on  .  .  154 
"  thoracicus,  note  on  .  .154 
Cnemoplatia  sericea  .  .  .88 
Cceculia  tibra,  n.  sp.  .  .  .  45 
Coeliodes,  notes  on  some  species  .  171 
Ccelocnemis  punctata  .  .  -87 
Coelus  ciliatus  .  .  .  .85 
Colaspis  brunnea,  note  on  .  .176 
Coleophora  cispiticella  .  .  .40 
Coniontis,  habits  of  .  .  .  85 
Conotrachelus,  on  some  species  of  170 
Copipanolis  stigma,  n.  sp.  .  .  220 
Coptocycla,  notes  on  species  of  .  178 
Correspondence  ....  214 
Coscinoptera  dominicana,  habits  of  175 
Cossonus,  notes  on  .  .  .172 
Crambidce,  dates  of  .  .  .112 
Cratidus  osculans  .  .  .  -87 
Crepidodera,  note  on  species  of  .177 
Cressonia  hyperbola,  n.  var.  .     59 

Crioceris,  notes  on  habits  of  .   175 

Cryptocephalus,  notes  on  species  of  175 
Cryptogiossa,  habits  of  .         .     84 

Cryptorhynchusbisignatus,  note  on  171 
"  parochus,  note  on  171 

Cychrus  fuchsianus,  n.  sp.      .         -71 
"         merkelii,  n.  sp.         .         -71 
"         oreophilns,  n.  sp.     .         .   m 
Cynceus  depressus  .         .         .88 

Cyrtinus  pygmasus  .         .         .   137 

Datana,  revision  of  species  of       .   127 
"        synopsis  of  species  .         .   132 
"        angusii,  early  stages         .  219 
caiifornica,  n.  sp.      .         -127 
"        palmii,  early  stages  .   181 

Deltocr  phalus  coquilletti,  n.  sp.     .     95 
"  minutus,  n.  sp.        .     96 

Desmocerus,  revision  of  species  of  n 
Diabrotica,  notes  on  species  of  .177 
Dibolia  asrea,  note  on  .  .  .178 
Dicranura  platea,  n.  sp.  .         .     46 

Dilophonota  edwardsii,  larva  of    .   143 
"  ello,  early  stages       .   141 


—  239- 


•AGE 
lOO  I 

I66I 

200  I 
I 


// 


Dioniorus  zabriskii 
Diplax,  notes  on  .... 
Diptera,  homology  of  mouth  parts 
Disonycha,  notes  on  species  of  . 
Distenia  undata  .  .  .  .10 
Donacia,  notes  on  species  of  .  175 
Doryphora,  notes  on  species  of  .176 
Dryophanta  libera;  cellula\  n.  sp.  24 
Dryophthorus  corticalis,  notes  on.  172 
Echedorus  infernalis.  n.  sp.  . 
Edema  albifrons,  early  stages 
Edrotes,  habits  of . 
Elaphion,  notes  on  .  -136, 
"  cinereum 

"  lanatum 

Eleodes,  habits  of . 
Elasmocerus  terminatus.  note 
Emmenastes,  habits  of  . 
Empretia  stimulea 
Encyclopini,  synopsis     . 
Encyclops  creruleus 

"  pallipes 

Enyo  riscus,  n.  sp. 

"  tsedium,  n.  sp. 
Epitragus,  habits  of 
Eristahs  tenax,        .         81,84,126, 

Escaria.  note  on     . 
"        ciauda, 

Eterusia  urania,  n.  sp.    . 

Euchsetes  conspicua,  n.  sp 
"  egle 

Euclidia  annexa,  n.  sp. 

Eudocimus  mannerheimii 

Eugnamptus  angustatus.  notes  on 
"  collaris.  notes  on 

Euherrichia,  notes  on    . 

Fuilabis  pubescens 

Eurymetopon.  habits  of 

Euryptera  lateralis 

Eusattus,  habits  of         .         .         • 

F^ustrotia,  note  on  .         .  *       • 

Eustrotiini,  notes  on 

Excursion,  notice  of       .         .      90, 
"  report  on 

Exema,  notes  on  species  of   . 

Feralia  major,  n.  sp. 

F~ire !  at  Brooklyn  Institute   . 

Flavinia  jalapae,  n.  sp.   . 

Forest  Insects,  injuries  by 

Galeruca,  notes  on  species  of 

Cxastroidea,  notes  on  species  of    . 

Gaurotes,  synopsis  of  species 

Glyptoscelis  pubesc:ens,  notes  on  . 

Gracilia  obli(]uata 

Graphops  pubescens,  notes  on 

Gvmnetron  teter,  notes  on    . 

Haltica.  notes  on  species  of  . 

Hcematobia  serrata 

Helops,  habits  of 

Herrichia  cervina,  n.  sp. 


46 

75 

«3 

139 

215 

214 

86 

154 

84 

40 

13 

13 

^3 

19 

19 

84 

218 

162 

163 

39 

173 

120 

115 

169 

167 

.67 

163 

87 

84 

213 

86 

164 

16: 

118 

160 

175 

26 

208 

45 
40 
177 
176 
156 
175 
213 
176 
170 

■77 
40 
88 

114 


Heterocampa      subrotata,      early 

stages       .... 
Ilimatium  conicum,  note  on 
liorama  jalapensis 
Ilydnocera,  notes  on  species  of 
Hydrias  deformis,  n.  sp. 
Hypexilis  pallida    . 
Hypothenemus  dissimilis 
erectus 
eruditus 
hisjiidulus 
Injurious  in.sects  of  the  year 
Iphthimus  serratus.  notes  on 
Ira   n.  gen.      .         .         .         . 

"    gundlachiana,  n.  sp. 
Ithycerus  noveboracensis,  notes  on 
(assus  lactipennis,  n.  sp. 
Laricobius^erichsoni,  notes  on 
Lasaia  sessilis,  n.  sp. 
Laverna  phragmitella     . 
Lenia,  notes  on  habits  of 
Lepidopterous  pupa,  feeding  of 
Lepisma  domestica,  note  on 
"        furnorum,  habits  of 
Leptalia  macilenta 

'■         frankenhauseri 
"         fuscicollis 
Leptura,  synopsis  of  species 
"        aspera 
"         exigua 
"        haematites 
nana 

plebeja    . 
Lepturini,  divisions  of  . 
Lepturoides,  synopsis    . 
Lestes,  notes  on     . 
Libellula  auripennis 
"        pulchella 
"        semifascia 
Lina,  notes  on  species  of 
Listronotus,  notes  on     . 
Lixus  concavus,  notes  on 
.Macropsis,  see  Bythoscopus  . 
Magdalis  hispoides,  notes  on 

"         olyra,  notes  on 
Meske,  Otto  von,  Obituary    . 
Microriiopala  vittata,  notes  on 
Microschatia  iniL'tjualis  . 
Monocesta  coryli,  notes  on    . 
Mononyclnis  vulpeculus,  notes  on 
Morrisonia  rileyana.  n.  sp.     . 
Mounting  small  ColeojJtera   . 
Necydalini,  synopsis 
Necydalis,  synopsis  of  species 

"  barbarae,  n.  sp.     .    112 

Neuroterus  flavipes,  n.  sp.     . 

"  vernus,  n.  sp. 

Ocha  macerra,  n.  .sp. 
Odonata,  oviposition  of 
Odontota,  note  on  sjiecies  of 


— 240 — 


PAGE 

Odors  of  Lepidoptera    .         .         .116 
Oncocnemis  extremis,  n.  sp.  .30 

Orchestis  niger,  note  on        .         .170 

"  pallicornis,  note  on  .  170 
Pachybrachys,  notes  on  species  .  175 
Pachyta,  synopsis  of  .  .  -97 
Pamphila  slossonse,  n.  sp.  .  .  138 
Pandeletejus  hilaris,  notes  on  .  168 
Paria  aterrima,  notes  on  .  .176 
Parnassius,  review  of  species  of  .  61 
"  nanus,  n.  var.       .         .     61 

Peach  aphis    ....    loi,  201 
Pediopsis,  see  Bythoscopus  . 

"  nubila,  n.  sp. 

Pergesa  me.xicana,  n.  sp. 
Pengonica,  n.  gen. 

"  angulata,  n.  sp.  . 

"  fulminans,  n.  sp. 

Peropliora  inscita,  n.  sp. 
Phassus  brasirei,  n.  sp. 
Phellopsis,  habits  of 
Phkeophagus.  Iiabits  of 
Phyllobsenus  dislocatus,  note  on 
Phyilotreta,  note  on  species  of 
Phymatodes  juglandis,  n.  sp. 
Physonota  unipunctata,  note  on 
Phyxelis  rigidus,  note  on 
Piodes,  synopsis  of 
Piagiominiicus  triplagiatus,  n.  sp 
Platymetopus  elegans,  n.  sp. 
Platypsylhis  castoris 
larva  of 
Platytliemis,  notes  on    . 
Pleocoma  behretisii,  note  on 
Plusia  californica    . 
Porphyraspis  cyanea,  note  on 
Prascouris,  notes  on  species  of 
Protenor  note  on    . 
Prothymia,  note  on 
Pthora  aniericana  . 
Pyrotriclius  vitticollis 
Raphiteles  maculatus     . 
Rhagium  lineatum 
Rhinoncus  pyrrhopus,  note  on 
Rhodites  multispinosa,  n.  sp. 

"         spiiiosissima  . 
Rhynchohis  brunneus,  note  on 
Rhynchophora,    notes    on    some 

species  of         .         .         . 
Rhyssematus  lineaticollis 
•Samia  cynthia,  life-history 
Scaphoideus  scalaris,  n.  sp.   . 
Schizura  leptinoides,  early  stages 
Scolytids,  notes  on 


37 

20 

123 

124 

124 

46 

46 

84 

99 

155 

177 

214 

178 

167 

no 

139 

94 

27 

55 

166 

70 

14 

178 
176 
217 
163 
88 

13 

39 

65 

171 

55 

25 

172 

167 
170 
216 

51 

230 

50 


Scopelosoma,  revision  of  species 

of 14  -53 

Scythropus  elegans,  notes  on  .  168 
Seirarctia  echo  ....  8 
Silvertop  of  wheat  ...       2 

Sphingicampa  nebulosa,  n.  var.  .  63 
Spider's  web  cloth  .         .         .  218 

Stenopodius  flavipes,  notes  on  .  52 
.Stenoscelis,  habits  of  .  .  -99 
Stetheophyma  doranii,  n.  sp.  .  13 
Stomoxys  calcitrans  .  .  .40 
Strangalia,  synopsis  of  species  .  157 
Taeniocampa  addenda,  n.  sp.  .  122 
"  carminata,  n.  sp.      .  121 

■'  curtica,  n.  sp.  .         .122 

"  venata,  n.  sp.  .  123 

Tasniocampini,  new  species  of  .  121 
Teinopalpus  imperialis  .         .116 

Tenebrionidce,  habits  of        .         -83 

Tetrarrhinus 217 

Thalpochares,  notes  on  .         .164 

Thaninotettix  atropunctata,  n.  sp.     91 

"  coquilletti,  n.  sp.     .     77 

"  fitchii,  n.  sp.    .         .   133 

flavocapitata,  n.  sp.     80 

"  geminata  .         .     79 

"  limbata,  n.  sp.         .     92 

"  subaenea,  n.  sp.       .     77 

Thanasimus  dubius,  note  on  .   154 

Thaneroclerus'sanguinens,  notes  .   155 

Theope  bacenis,  n.  sp.  .         .         .     19 

"        eupolis,  n.  sp.   .         .         -19 

Thermobia,  n.  gen.         .         .         .   233 

Thymalus  fulgidus,  larva        .         .     57 

Toxoti,  synopsis  of  genera    .         .     65 

Toxotus,  synopsis  of  species        67-69 

"        ater,  n.  var.     .         .         .68 

Trichodes  apivorus,  notes  on         .   154 

Triorophus  laevis,  notes  on    .         .     84 

Trirhabda,  notes  on  species  of      .   177 

Trogloderus  costatus     .         .         -87 

Tymnes  tricolor,  notes  on      .         .176 

Typocerus,  synopsis  of  species     .  158 

Ulochaeta  leoninus  .         .         .12 

Ulus  crassus,  notes  on   .         .         .88 

Upis  ceramboides,  notes  on  .         .     87 

Varina  ornata         ....   136 

Wasps,  coition  among   .         .         -33 

Xylosteus  ornatus  .         .         .         -67 

Zagymnus  clerimis  ...       9 

Zeuzera  aesculi        .         .         .         .218 

"        pyrina       .         .         •     3^,  218 

Zopherus,  habits  of        .         .         .84